Studies of the composition and fungicidal activities of

Studies of the composition and fungicidal activities of

Brazilian Chemical Society (SBQ). Division of Medicinal Chemistry. 4th Brazilian Symposium on Medicinal Chemistry
Studies of the composition and fungicidal activities of the nutmeg
essential oil
1*
1
1
2
1
Valente, V. M. M. ; Natalino, R. ; Jham, G. N. ; Dhingra, O. D. , Oliveira, F. N.
1
Departamento de Química, Centro de Ciências Exatas, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, UFV, Viçosa, MG, 36571000. (*E-mail: [email protected])
2
Departamento de Fitopatologia, Centro de Ciências Agrárias, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, UFV, Viçosa, MG,
36571-000.
Keywords: nutmeg, essential oil, myristicin, fungicide.
1289
1355
Introduction
Post
harvest
deterioration
of
agricultural
commodities is a chronic problem in tropical regions
due to hot and humid climate. Under such
conditions, grains and seeds are colonized by
various species of Aspergillus, some of which
produce mycotoxins. The deterioration of fresh
plants by Fusariums semitectum and species of
Colletotrichum leads to substantial losses. Plant
extracts or essential oils can provide potential
1
alternatives for fungi control.
Nutmeg (Myristica fragans) is traditionally used for
their aromatic properties in the preparation of
Mediterranean food, have a long-established role as
digestives, stomach ache and colic relievers, exhibit
good
properties
as
free
radicalscavengers/antioxidants, stimulant, carminative,
2, 3, 4
narcotic and abortifacient
.
Results and Discussion
Nutmeg essential oil was obtained (7.1% yield), its
composition identified and used in bioassay by the
1, 5
previously described methodology . Twenty-eight
compounds were identified in the crude essential oil
(Table1) and some compounds, identified in the
fungicide fractions, were submitted to "poison food"
assay to 0.1% (v / v) against A. flavus, A. niger, A.
glaucus,
A.
ochraceus,
C.
musae,
C.
gloeosporioides, F. semitectum and F. oxysporum.
Table 1. Composition of nutmeg
literature
KI
Compound
%
931
1.5
α-Tujene
939
14.1
α-Pinene
954
Camphene
0.24
977
Sabinene
25.0
981
12.4
β-Pinene
991
Myrcene
2.5
1005
Felandrene
0.5
1012
0.8
∆3Carene
1019
1.7
α-Terpinene
1027
1.2
p-Cymene
1032
Limonene
6.3
1062
3.4
Ү-Terpinene
1090
Terpinolene
1.3
1098
Linalool
0.6
Cis-p-ment-21125
0.5
enole
1145
0.3
β-Terpineole
1185
Terpin-4-ole
7.6
1198
α–Terpineole
0.8
essential oil compared with
6
nq
10.6-21.2
0.2-0.4
15.4-50.7
7.8-17.7
0.7-2.9
0.4-3.8
nq
0.8-2.5
0.3-3.2
2.7-4.1
nq
nd
0.2-0.9
7
11.2-3.5
nd
0.1-nd
28.3-11.0
nd
4.3-0.4
1.6-0.3
nd
1.8-1.2
1.2-0.3
5.0-1.1
nd
2.0-1.2
0.3-0.3
8
0.9
17.2
0.4
21.0
14.8
1.6
1.6
1.4
1.4
0.5
4.1
2.1
1.0
1.0
nd
nd
nd
nq
2.0-10.9
nq
0.1-nd
2.7-3.6
0.2-0.4
nq
6.3
1.4
Safrole
2.8
0.1-3.2
α-Cubebene
0.2
nq
Citronelyl
1357
0.2
nq
acetate
1362
Eugenole
0.5
0.2-0.7
1385 Geranyl acetate
0.6
nq
1390
β-Cubebene
0.3
nd
Methyl1410
2.6
0.1-1.2
eugenole
1522
Myristicin
10.9
0.5-13.5
1525 Vanillin acetate
0.2
nd
1556
Elemicine
1.0
0.3-4.6
∗ nd - not detected. nq - not quantified.
2.1-3.3
nd
3.3
nq
nd
nq
nd
0.6-0.8
nd
0.3
nd
nq
6.9-15.0
0.3
12.1-27.1
nd
7.2-15.5
14.0
nd
nq
Eugenole inhibited 100% of the development of all
fungi evaluated. Methyl-eugenole, α-terpineole and
myristicin also showed good results, partially
inhibiting the development of fungi; α-terpineole
inhibited 100% of the growth of A. glaucus, A. Niger,
C. musae and F. semitectum; methyl-eugenole
inhibited 100% of the growth of C. musae and A.
glaucus and myristicin presented inhibition between
73 and 88% for all fungi, except for A. glaucus
(27%).
Conclusions
This present work shows that non-toxic seeds and
grains can be developed by sourcing the raw
material from essential oils, and in general form, for
nutmeg, the most fungitoxic compounds are
eugenole and myristicin.
Acknowledgements
The authors are thankful to FAPEMIG and CAPES
for financial support and fellowship (VMMV).
____________________
1
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4
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4th Brazilian Symposium on Medicinal Chemistry – BrazMedChem2008