25 years of managing contaminated Bundeswehr sites

25 years of managing contaminated
Bundeswehr sites
The Bundeswehr contaminated sites remediation programme
Editor
Federal Ministry of Defence
Section IUD II 5
Soil + Water Protection
Fontainengraben 150
53123 Bonn
Project controlling
Federal Ministry of Defence
supported by
OFD Lower Saxony
Building and Estate
Department
Waterloostraße 4
30169 Hannover
Typesetting/Layout
Engineering Consultants
Dr. Eng. Christian Niestroj
Dipl.-Geogr. Christoph Kolloge
Geibelstraße 63
30173 Hannover
Published by
Federal Office for Infrastructure, Environmental Protection
and Services of the Bundeswehr
DL I 4 – Central Printing Office
Cologne-Bonn
Date of publication
May 2014
Circulation
200 copies
Copyright
The brochure ‘25 years of managing contaminated Bundeswehr sites’ is protected by copyright, all rights reserved. Copies may
be made and distributed within the building administrations of the Federation and the Federal States as well as within the
Bundeswehr. Copies of the entire brochure or excerpts from the brochure may only be made and distributed outside the area of
responsibility of the building administrations of the Federation and the Federal States as well as within the Bundeswehr with prior
written permission from the editor.
Photo credits
Rights of use for photos with no specific attribution are incumbent upon OFD Lower Saxony. The photos on the title page and
on pages 6, 10, 11 and 17 are imbedded in the website pixelio.de. Pages 18-23 contain photos and graphics from the website
graphicriver.net.
Note
The names Liegenschaftsinformationssystem Außenanlagen LISA® and FIS BoGwS® are registered trade names in the Federal
Republic of Germany.
Table of contents
1
Introduction
2
2
The history of the Bundeswehr
contaminated sites remediation
programme
4
The concept behind the contaminated
sites remediation programme
3.1 Organisation and distribution of tasks
3.2 Contamination management procedures
3.3 Looking ahead
3
4
Soil and groundwater protection
guidelines
IT tools
5
5.1 FIS BoGwS/INSA
5.2 Bundeswehr SDM and WEB-Client Results of the contaminated sites
remediation programme
6.1 Managing confirmed and suspected contaminated sites
6.2 Budget
8
10
12
15
16
18
19
21
6
List of abbreviations
22
23
25
26
1
CHAPTER 1
Introduction
Due to often many years of use contamination of soil and groundwater can be found on
many military sites. They are often warfare related and date back to the time of the first
and second world wars as well as to the cold war era. However, military use of the sites
by the Bundeswehr has also caused soil contamination and water pollution.
2
m a n a g i n g c o n ta m i n at e d B u n d e s w e h r s i t e s
The Bundeswehr’s remediation programme to manage contamination on their estate has now been in
place for 25 years. This programme continues to ensure that contaminated sites are managed comprehensively and in a target-oriented manner throughout the Bundeswehr estate in the Federal Republic
of Germany. The programme consists of three
phases including data capture and initial evaluation
(phase 1), investigation and risk assessment (phase 2)
and remediation (phase 3).
Over the years, the remediation programme has
continuously been adapted to take current developments into account, for example new legislation
or IT advances, and management procedures have
been optimised accordingly.
Moreover, the Bundeswehr takes soil and water protection very seriously. Based on the contaminated
sites remediation programme they have initiated a
new programme for the sustainable management
of active military training areas in order to ensure
unlimited yet environmentally friendly training
operations in the long term. For the Bundeswehr
as the user of a variety of contaminated sites, both
programmes are important instruments for fulfilling
their obligations to protect soil and water.
Furthermore, the so-called comprehensive geohydrological master plans as planning and management tools within the geoinformation system as
well as the guidelines
on procedures and notification in case of accidents with water pollutants and
ƒƒ on military exercises in water protection areas
ƒƒ
contribute in particular to protecting soil and water.
S u pple m e n tary i n f o r m ati o n
Explosive ordnance
The dangers resulting from abandoned explosive ordnance from WW I and II fall within the remit of
police and statutory law. As a rule, this is therefore not
covered under the contaminated sites remediation
programme of the Bundeswehr.
If, however, pollutants have emanated from this type
of ordnance causing soil or water contamination,
the Bundeswehr deals with it under the programme
regime.
Warfare related contaminated sites from WW I
and II
Warfare related contaminated sites from WW I and II
are locations which had been used for the production
and storage of weapons and ammunition or military
operations before 1945. This comprises not only ammunition storage, manufacturing and processing
sites but also for example defusing and dismantling
facilities as well as abandoned weaponry. These sites
are covered under the Bundeswehr contaminated
sites remediation programme.
I n teriondlu
e icttui o
nn
g
3
CHAPTER 2
The history of the Bundeswehr
contaminated sites
remediation programme
4
m a n a g i n g c o n ta m i n at e d B u n d e s w e h r s i t e s
At the end of the ‘Cold War’, society, politics and the military underwent
fundamental change. This led to a reorganisation of the armed forces at the
end of the 1980s, especially in central Europe.
A large number of military sites were decommissioned and had to be prepared for follow-on civilian
use. For many of the remaining military sites, the
requirements changed. In both cases the question
of possible contamination and inherent risks was
raised.
At the same time, society and politics were becoming more and more aware of environmental issues.
The Bundeswehr began systematically looking
into contamination on military sites in 1989, starting with a comprehensive study of all sites where
contamination was suspected in the western part of
Germany. This took until about 1994.
After the fall of the Wall, the sites within the former
German Democratic Republic (GDR) added to the
problems that had already been recognised in
the western federal states. After reunification the
Bundeswehr took over the military installations
formerly used by the National People’s Army of the
GDR. Further sites were added to the programme
when the Western Group of Forces of the Commonwealth of Independent States (the former
Group of Soviet Forces in Germany) withdrew.
In order to manage the large number of sites the
Bundeswehr ‘contaminated sites remediation
programme east’ was initiated in 1991. Many of
the sites incorporated into the programme at this
time were severely contaminated, often at numerous locations due to the many years of military use
and the low environmental standards up to the late
1980s. Some of the soil and groundwater contamination was of considerable danger to the general
public. At first the contaminated sites remediation
programme focussed here on the acute dangers to
life and limb, carrying out immediate danger defence action. After that, all suspected contaminated
sites were systematically worked through. The basic
principles of a procedure in three phases – which
are still applicable today – were initially established
in the ‘Concept for capturing data and investigating sites suspected of contamination’ in 1992 for
the Contaminated Sites Remediation Programme
East. Then in 1994 the Federal Ministry of Defence
(FMOD) introduced regulations for managing
contaminated sites on a comprehensive nationwide
basis.
In order to provide all of the stakeholders with a
binding and reliable concept for action to be taken,
the first version of the ‘Practical guidelines for
applying building standards to planning and implementation of measures to safeguard and clean up
contaminated soil’ was published in 1996, for short
The history
5
2
6
m a n a g i n g c o n ta m i n at e d B u n d e s w e h r s i t e s
‘Practical guidelines for dealing with contaminated sites’ (now called ‘Practical guidelines for the
protection of soil and groundwater’ – abbreviated
in German AH BoGwS, see Chapter 4).
At the same time the database ‘Information System Contaminated Sites’ (abbreviated in German:
INSA; now ‘Information System Soil and Groundwater Protection INSA’) was developed, along
with additional IT tools (see Chapter 5).
The contaminated sites remediation programme
gained even more momentum once the Federal
Soil Protection Law (BBodSchG) and the Federal Soil Protection Ordinance (BBodSchV) were
passed in 1998 and 1999.
The original programme up to 1990 dealt only
with contamination on decommissioned sites,
then – in conjunction with the new legislation – it
became necessary to extend the programme to
include all sites with suspected or confirmed contamination, no matter when or how it originated.
As a result, the Bundeswehr began to capture data
on these sites throughout its estate as well. Thus
the contaminated sites remediation programme
developed into a comprehensive programme for
managing contaminated sites, with the follow-up
data capture still ongoing today in some cases.
1
3
1
Military training area Munster-Nord
2+3
Munitions depot Aurich-Tannenhausen:
covered explosion stand at an annealing
facility and neutralisation basin
The history
7
CHAPTER 3
The concept behind the
contaminated sites
remediation programme
8
m a n a g i n g c o n ta m i n at e d B u n d e s w e h r s i t e s
From the beginning, the contaminated sites remediation programme was aimed at
creating nationwide standard and efficient organisation structures, procedures and tools
for data processing, documentation and evaluation throughout the estate to capture data
on suspected and known contaminated sites in order to investigate, assess the risk and
– as required – carry out remedial works.
Source: Simple/pixelio.de
The Contaminated sites remediation programme
is in general a dynamic instrument; the controls,
guidelines and data processing tools continue to
be optimised. In addition, regular training sessions
and seminars for everyone involved provide comprehensive further education and opportunities
for exchanging information and experiences. In
accordance with the Federal Property Agency (abbreviated in German: BImA) Law from 2004 all of
the estate used by the Bundeswehr with only a few
exceptions has been transferred to BImA ownership. Based on a framework agreement between the
FMOD, the Federal Ministry of Finance and BImA
it was agreed that the Bundeswehr will continue to
use the contaminated sites remediation programme
to manage the contaminated sites they use until
there is no longer a military requirement for the
sites and they are handed back to BImA. As part of
the Programme, the Bundeswehr keeps BImA apprised of any developments.
The concept
9
3
T he c o n cept
3.1 Organisation and distribution of tasks
Various departments of the Bundeswehr and the Federal and State Building
Administration are involved in implementing the contaminated sites remediation
programme.
The Directorate-General for Infrastructure, Environmental Protection and Services within the
FMOD is responsible for the strategic direction of
the Bundeswehr’s contaminated sites remediation
programme. The Statutory Tasks Division of the
Federal Office for Infrastructure, Environmental
Protection and Services (BAIUDBw) in Bonn controls, coordinates and monitors the programme
nationwide. The annual reporting procedure is the
most important governance tool in addressing
contamination issues. The K6 sections of the seven
Centres of Expertise in Building Management of the
BAIUDBw are responsible for regional coordination
and task the building administrations to carry out
the works. This also includes working closely together with the responsible regulatory authorities,
FMOD
Federal Ministry of Defence, Directorate-General for Infrastructure,
Environmental Protection and Services
BAIUDBw
LS BoGwS Land*
LS BoGwS
Federal Office for Infrastructure, Environmental Protection and Services of the Bundeswehr
Building Administration of the Federal States (supervisory level)
Central Office of the Federation
for Soil and Groundwater Protection
BwDLZ
Building Administration
of the Federal States
Bundeswehr Service Centres
(local construction level)
Organisational structure of contamination management on the military estate
10
m a n a g i n g c o n ta m i n at e d B u n d e s w e h r s i t e s
* LS BoGwS Land: Central offices of the
Federal states for soil and groundwater
protection, sometimes delegated to the
local construction level
Federal Ministry of Defence, Bendlerblock in Berlin
generally from Phase II of the programme onward.
Environmental experts at the Bundeswehr Service
Centres (BwDLZ) provide support to BAIUDBw
at the local level, in particular with the follow-up
data capture exercise. The Central Office of the
Federation for Soil and Groundwater Protection (LS BoGwS) located within the State Finance
Administration (OFD) of Lower Saxony undertakes
specific tasks of soil and groundwater protection,
the clearance of explosive ordnance and the site
outdoor information system (LISA).
Another core task is managing the central database
INSA and developing the technical information
system on soil and groundwater protection (FIS
BoGwS, see Chapter 5.1) as part of the LISA system. If complex problems arise, the Central Office
LS BoGwS assists upon request with their expertise accumulated over the years for individual sites
Source: Bundeswehr/Martin Stollberg
and provides available data. The central offices of
the Federal states for soil and groundwater protection (LS BoGwS Land) are the first points of contact
for the Bundeswehr at regional level when it comes
to contamination management. They are responsible for project controlling, the commissioning and
technical support of the local building administrations, the exchange of technical information with
the Federal Central Office and, in particular, the
maintaining of the INSA database.
The local building administrations are responsible
for contracting out the work for the Bundeswehr,
in particular for investigating and remediating
contaminated sites, in certain cases also for capturing data. The work associated with this is normally
contracted out to external specialists, who present
their findings in an expert’s report.
O rganisation and distribution of tasks
11
3
THE ConCEPT
3.2 Contamination management procedures
All soil and groundwater contamination on sites used by the Bundeswehr are managed
uniformly in three phases.
Phase I: Initial evaluation
Thefirststepforsitessuspectedofcontaminationbecauseoftheirusageorotherreasonsisto
preciselylocalisethesite.Thenextstepistocollect
anddocumentfurtherinformationandproposea
hypothesisabouttheexistenceofcontamination.
Ifthesuspicionisnotconfirmedduringthesubsequentinitialassessment,thesiteiseliminatedfrom
theprogramme.Ifthesuspicionappearstobewellfounded,theinvestigationcontinuestoPhaseIIa.
Test facility
for remediation of
unsaturated soil areas
12
m a n a g i n g c o n ta m i n at e d B u n d e s w e h r s i t e s
Phase II: Investigation and risk assessment
Thepurposeoftheexploratoryinvestigationin
PhaseIIaistodeterminewhetherthereisanycontaminationandtomakeapreliminaryriskassessmentatreasonablecostandeffort.
Ifthereisnocontaminationoronlyaninsignificant
amount,thesiteistakenoutoftheprogramme;if
contaminationisconfirmed,thenextstepisusually
thedetailedinvestigationinPhaseIIb.
completed
in progress
Data capture and initial
assessment
PHASE I
Suspected contaminated site
Data capture
Initial assessment
Action
required
A/I
Suspected
contaminationnot
confirmed
Suspected
contamination
PHASE IIa
E
Exploratory
investigation
Exploratory investigation
Risk
D
PHASE IIb
Contamination
Suspectedrisk
noactionrequired
A/II
B/II
Actionrequired
C
Detailed
investigation
Norisk
Evaluation
Contamination
requiringaction
Nocontamination
E
Detailed investigation
Norisk
Risk assessment
B/II
Risk
D
Remediation
planning
Remediation planning
PHASE IIIa
IIIa-1:Identificationofbasic
requirementsandpre-planning*
IIIa-2: Draft,approvaland
implementationplanning*
IIIb
Remediation
IIIc
C/III
follow-up
maintenance
A/I
Assessment*
sustainabilityand
proportionality
Norisk
Remediation
C/III
Sitecategory/phase
Norisk
follow-up maintenance
A/III
B/III
*TheassessmentcantakeplaceinPhaseIIIa-1and/orIIIa-2.
flow chart for dealing with suspected or known contaminated sites
Source:AHBoGwS2014
c o n ta m i n at i o n m a n a g e m e n t p r o c e d u r e s
13
3
T he c o n cept
The detailed investigation includes a thorough
examination of the site to verify and quantify the
concrete evidence of harmful changes to the soil or
water pollution. This provides the basis for making
the risk assessment. The risk assessment provides
a reliable and clear indication of whether measures
are necessary to prevent hazards.
If a concrete risk can be identified in Phase IIa,
the planning stage for remediation may follow on
directly in Phase IIIa.
Phase III: Remediation
Phase III is divided into Phase IIIa (planning of
remediation works), Phase IIIb (carrying out remediation works) and Phase IIIc (follow-up maintenance).
CATEGORY
Once a phase is completed, the site is classified as a
category A, B, C, D or E site (see table below).
Sites with a long history of complex contamination
are managed under a so-called master plan, which
provides the agreed procedure for dealing with all
of the existing or suspected contaminated areas
on the estate. This can include several sites on the
same estate. Follow up data capture, clearance of
ordnance and/or dismantling of old facilities can be
included in the plan as required.
SIGNIFICANCE
CLASSIFICATION
A
No suspected contamination or site has undergone remediation
Site is eliminated from the investigation, documentation, unrestricted use
B
Low level pollution, no risk at present
Site is eliminated from the investigation, documentation, reassessment / investigation
required if use of site changes
C
Evidence of pollution may indicate harmful
changes to the soil or water pollution, final
risk assessment not possible at this stage
Site is kept under observation and reassessed
at periodic intervals, includes monitoring of
the site as follow-up maintenance
D
Evidence of harmful changes to the soil /
water pollution
Works required to prevent hazards
E
Verification as a contaminated site or evidence of pollution, further information
required for final risk assessment
Further investigation required
Classification of sites in accordance with AH BoGwS
14
Phase III comprises all of the technical and administrative work involved in planning and carrying out
the remediation works, including follow-up maintenance after the works have been completed and
any monitoring that may be required.
m a n a g i n g c o n ta m i n at e d B u n d e s w e h r s i t e s
3.3 Looking ahead
The Bundeswehr will continue to strive to ensure the effective and sustainable
protection of soil and water.
The continuous optimisation of the contaminated sites remediation programme helps to
achieve this goal. The new programme ‘Preventive and follow-up soil and water protection on
military training areas’ guarantees long-term
environmentally safe and sustainable use. It
focuses on investigating facilities where training operations may introduce pollutants into
the soil and evaluating the potential risk for the
environment. Harmful substances are removed
where necessary, and technical infrastructure
works are carried out at the facilities to ensure
that the risk potential is minimised or even
completely eliminated in future, once training
resumes.
The Bundeswehr is expected to keep environmental damage to a minimum. Effective soil
and water protection on the Bundeswehr estate
is not only a statutory requirement but also part
of their national responsibility to maintain an
intact environment for future generations.
15
CHAPTER 4
Soil and groundwater
protection guidelines
16
m a n a g i n g c o n ta m i n at e d B u n d e s w e h r s i t e s
The decentralised contamination management on the Bundeswehr estate
requires standard procedures.
Ontheonehand,thisisachievedthroughFMOD
regulations;ontheotherhand,theguidelinesfor
soilandgroundwaterprotectionissuedtogether
bytheFMODandtheMinistryoftheEnvironment,
NatureConservation,BuildingandNuclearSafety
providedetailedguidance.
TheSoilandGroundwaterProtectionGuidelines
(AHBoGwS)applytotheplanningandimplementationoftheinvestigationandremediation
ofharmfulchangesinthesoilandgroundwater
pollution.AsfarastheFMODisconcerned,these
regulationsapplytoallsoilandwaterpollution.
TheAHBoGwSaimstostandardisetheprocedures
formanagingsuspectedandknowncontaminated
sitesthroughoutGermany,fromcapturingdata
toanynecessaryremediationinaccordancewith
statutoryrequirements.Thisalsotakesintoaccount
theprinciplesofcosteffectivenessandfrugality
inaccordancewithFederalTreasuryregulationsas
wellassustainability.Inadditiontodefiningthe
procedures,theguidelinesprovidethebasisfor
decision-making,tips,instructions,scopeofworks
cataloguesandsampletenderingdocuments.
andrecyclingprovidecomprehensivehelpwhen
theseinterfacewithcontaminationmanagement
andinconnectionwithotherissuesofplanning,
constructionandoperationinaccordancewiththe
regulationsforcarryingoutconstructiononthe
Federalestate.
InTERnET
Therespectiveguidelinesareavailableonthe
internetandcanbedownloadedfromthe
followingwebsites:
→ www.arbeitshilfen-bogws.de
→ www.ah-kmr.de or
www.arbeitshilfen-kampfmittelraeumung.de
→ www.arbeitshilfen-abwasser.de
→ www.arbeitshilfen-recycling.de
Otherguidelinessuchasthosefortheclearanceof
unexplodedordnance,wastewatermanagement
s o i l a n d g r o u n d w at e r p r o t e c t i o n g u i d e l i n e s
17
CHAPTER 5
IT tools
18
m a n a g i n g c o n ta m i n at e d B u n d e s w e h r s i t e s
5.1 fIS BoGwS/InSA
The technical information system for soil and groundwater protection (fIS BoGwS) is a
component of the site outdoor infrastructure information system (LISA). It comprises
several modules that complete the application’s possibilities.
Information system for soil and groundwater protection (INSA)
ThemostimportantmoduleistheINSA,the
centraldatabaseoftheFederation,whichfulfils
therequirementsoftheBundeswehr,thebuilding
administrationandBImAastheowneroftheestatetomaintainuniformdocumentationindigital
form.TheINSAdatabaseisdesignedforcapturing,
storingandevaluatingdatathatresultfrommanagingsoilandwatercontamination.Itisusedin
thebuildingadministrationandintheBundeswehr
forFederalandState-ownedestateandisalso
accessibletoBImA.Thebuildingadministrationis
themaindataowner.Projectcontroldataarealso
storedinadditiontotechnicaldata.Allinstances
ofcontamination,includingthosethatdonot
requirefurtheraction,aredocumentedintheINSA
database.Theflowofinformationisregulatedin
fis Bogws/insa
19
5
IT TooLS
internalBundeswehrguidelinesaswellasinthe
theGuidelinesonSoilandGroundwaterProtection,
ensuringthatthedatapassesfromtheconsulting
engineercommissionedtoconducttheinvestigationtothepertinentstate-levelcontrolagencyfor
soilandgroundwaterprotectionandthenontothe
Bundeswehr.
TheINSAdatabaseoffersautomaticanalysisoptionsforreportingonvariousissues.Itgenerates
annualreportswhichprovideanoverviewofmeasuresunderthecontaminatedsitesremediation
programme.
ThedatacaptureprogrammeEFAisusedforthe
decentralizedcollectionofdata.Itismadeavailable
toenterprisesandagenciescommissionedtocarry
outsoilandwaterinvestigations.Whilstinthepast
Bundeswehr
reporting
system
20
m a n a g i n g c o n ta m i n at e d B u n d e s w e h r s i t e s
EFAusedtobeaseparateprogramme,itisnow
integratedintothecurrentINSAprogramme.The
EFAprogrammealsogeneratesagraphicviewof
thelocationofsuspectedcontaminatedsites,areas
underinvestigationandthescopeoftheproject.
Bundeswehr reporting system: TheBundeswehr’s
contaminatedsitesremediationprogrammecan
beevaluatedonthebasisofannualreports,thus
enablingsteeringandcontinuousoptimisation.A
totaloffourreporttablescontainanoverviewof
thecosts,alistofsuspectedandknowncontaminatedsitesperestatethathavebeendealtwith,
adetailedlistwithadditionalinformationsuchas
thepollutantsandchemicalanalysesandastatisticalevaluationbasedonthisinformation.Withthe
exceptionoftheoverviewofcosts,thereporttables
aregeneratedautomaticallybytheINSAsystem.
5.2 Bundeswehr SDm and WEB-Client
In addition to read-only access to the InSA system, the Bundeswehr has at its disposal
its own Spatial Data management (SDm) system and the WEB-Client, additional and
powerful tools for accomplishing their specific tasks of protecting soil and water.
SDMisaproductthatcomplementsSASPF,a
projectundertakenbytheBundeswehrtointroduceSAPstandardbusinessmanagementsoftware.Itisahighlyefficientinfrastructureandenvironmentalmanagementsysteminwhichdata
recordsrelatingtoplotsofland,sites,buildings
andareasareprocessed,visualizedandadmin-
isteredaswellasintegratedwithalphanumeric
data.ThecentrallystoreddataarecomparedregularlywiththoseattheCentralOfficeLSBoGwSat
OFDNiedersachsen,whoarethecentralinterface
betweentheBundeswehrandthestatebuilding
administrations.
WEB-Client
of the
Bundeswehr
Bundeswehr sdm and weB-client
21
CHAPTER 6
Results of the
contaminated sites
remediation programme
22
m a n a g i n g c o n ta m i n at e d B u n d e s w e h r s i t e s
6.1 Managing confirmed and suspected
contaminated sites
The Bundeswehr today uses around 1,700 of the more than 6,500 military sites that
were at its disposal in the late 1980s/early 1990s in the old and the new federal states.
Up to now, a total of nearly 2,700 military sites
have been investigated for possible pollution of
soil and groundwater under the Bundeswehr’s
contaminated sites remediation programme. More
than 4,300 projects have been carried out in Phases
I to III at these sites. Most of the projects commissioned within the scope of Phase I were carried out
up to 1994 during the initial nationwide data capture of suspected contaminated Bundeswehr sites
in West Germany and as part of the Bundeswehr
Diagrammtitel
400
350 projects
350
300
300
250
250
200
200
150
150
100
100
50
0
0
1990
1991
1992
1993
1994
1995
1996
1997
1998
1999
2000
2001
2002
2003
2004
2005
2006
2007
2008
2009
2010
2011
2012
2013
1990 '91 '92 '93 '94 '95 '96 '97 '98 '99 '00 '01 '02 '03 '04 '05 '06 '07 '08 '09 '10 '11 '12 '13
Phase I
Phase II
Phase III
Follow-up data capture Phase I
Mangement in phases in all Federal states, 1990 to 2013
M a n a g i n g c o n f i r m e d a n d s u s p e c t e d c o n ta m i n at e d s i t e s
23
6
R es u lts
contaminated sites remediation programme east.
In many cases it was possible to reliably eliminate the suspicion of contamination as early as
the initial assessment in Phase I. Thus only some
6,500 out of more than 15,000 suspected cases of
contamination were carried over into Phase II.
81
MOH1
22
38
BTEX2
12
27
LCKW3
15
25
Heavy metals
After 1994 the focus of the work shifted to Phase
II, i.e. exploratory and detailed investigations.
The risk assessment at the end of Phase II shows
that only slightly more than 10% of the sites
investigated have been classified as in need of
remediation.
From the middle of the 1990s the volume of
remediation work in Phase III remained constant.
It has decreased only in the recent years, which
is mainly attributable to the lower number of
Bundeswehr sites remaining after a number of
sites had to be decommissioned in the course of
a new basing programme.
Remediation works have been carried out at approx. 750 sites in Phase III so far. Only 50% of
the pollutants suspected in Phase I could actually
be detected by chemical analysis in Phase II.
MOH (mineral oil hydrocarbons) contamination,
very frequently suspected in Phase I, has been
subsequently confirmed by tests in Phase IIa in
about 22% of the cases; the same applies to PAH
(polycyclical aromatic hydrocarbons) and phenols. Aromatic hydrocarbons such as benzene,
toluene, ethylbenzene and xylenes (BTEX), as well
as other groups of often suspected pollutants
such as heavy metals, have similarly been verified in notable amounts through analysis. These
verified pollutants demonstrate that the range
of pollutants found at military sites is mainly of a
23
PAH4
9
14
11
Other
PCB5
14
1
Explosives and
related comp.
7
2
Phenols
3
2
Cyanides
1
1
Suspected pollutants
(Phase I)
Verified pollutants (Phase IIa)
“civilian” nature. In an overall comparison, only a
limited extent of purely “military” pollutants such
as explosives compounds have been found.
A review of the Phase I contamination hypotheses in Phase IIa has also revealed that the measured concentrations have only actually made
further Phase IIb investigations necessary at a
small number of sites. In many cases, pollutants
have been confirmed only in very low concentrations.
4 Polycyclical aromatic hydrocarbons
2 Benzene, toluene, ethylbenzene and xylens 5 Polychlorinated biphenyls
m a n a g i n g c o n ta m i n at e d B u n d e s w e h r s i t e s
All figures in %;
as at 03/2014
Suspected and verified pollutants, showing the percentage of confirmed and suspected contaminated sites relative to the total number of suspected contaminated sites
1 Mineral oil hydrocarbons
3 Volatile chlorinated hydrocarbons
24
15
35
35
Million Euros
Bundeswehr Service Centre
Major and minor works
Maintenance
30
30
Engineering services
25
25
20
20
15
15
10
10
55
00
1996 ‘97
‘11 ‘12
1996
'97 '98‘98 '99‘99 '00‘00 '01‘01 '02‘02 '03‘03'04 ‘04'05 ‘05'06 ‘06'07 ‘07
'08 ‘08
'09 ‘09
'10 ‘10
'11 '12
'13
‘13
Amount of budgeted funds spent on the contaminated sites remediation programme of the Bundeswehr
from 1996 to 2013
6.2 Budget
The Bundeswehr has spent over 440 million Euros on contamination management since
1991. Up to 2001, the average budget expenditure on the contaminated sites remediation
programme amounted to the equivalent of some 30 million Euros annually. In the years
since, that expenditure has decreased to around 10 million Euros a year.
This development is attributable to a number of
factors: the completion of a number of remediation
projects in the new federal states by that time, the
handback of many sites in need of remediation to
the then Federal Property Administration and the
fact that the programme in the old Federal states
had been in the less expensive Phase II for a num-
ber of years. Annual expenditure on contamination
management at the present time has levelled off
to about 10 million Euros. This is divided up into
unequal amounts for the cost of engineers, building
maintenance and major and minor works. In some
cases the BwDLZ have also contributed from their
own budgets.
Budget
25
List of abbreviations
26
n a g iK
no
gncta
on
in
at
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h ri ns idteers B u n d e s w e h r
2 5mJaAHRE
mta
i nm
at
io
nes d
b eBaurnbd
ee
i ts u
AH BoGwS
Guidelines on soil and groundwater protection
BAIUDBw
Federal Office of Bundeswehr Infrastructure, Environmental Protection and Services
BBodSchG
Federal Soil Protection Act
BBodSchV Federal Soil Protection Ordinance
BImA
Federal Property Agency
BMUB
Federal Ministry of the Environment, Nature Conservation, Building and Nuclear Safety
BMVg
Federal Ministry of Defence
BoGwS
Soil and groundwater protection
BTEX Benzene, toluene, ethylbenzene and xylene
BwDLZ
Bundeswehr Service Centre
GDR
German Democratic Republic
EFA
Data capture module for contamination
FIS BoGwS
Technical information system for soil and groundwater protection
FMOD
Federal Ministry of Defence
GIS
Geoinformation system
INSA
Information system for soil and groundwater protection
IT
Information technology
KF
Confirmed contaminated site
KVF
Suspected contaminated site
LCKW
Highly volatile chlorinated hydrocarbons
LISA
Site outdoor infrastructure information system
LS
Control centre
MOH Mineral oil hydrocarbons
OFD
State Finance Administration
PAH
Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons
PCB Polychlorinated biphenyls
SASPF
Product family norm for application software
SDM
Bundeswehr spatial data management system
WEB-Client
Tool used by the Bundeswehr to capture follow-up data on suspected contaminated sites
L i s t o f a bb r e v i at i o n s
27