current - ASCLME

CURRENT
AFFAIRS
News from the ASCLME Project and SWIOFP
VOL 1 • ISSUE 2 • JUNE 2011
A regional alliance
The mid-term evaluation of the ASCLME
Project is complete and the Project Coordination
Unit is excited to be moving into the next
phase of project delivery which will focus on
translating the science into long-term effective
management and governance of the LMEs in
the western Indian Ocean.
Several important steps have recently been
taken towards the evolution of a Western
Indian Ocean Sustainable Ecosystem Alliance
(WIOSEA) and it is inspiring to reflect on the
number of local, regional and international
organisations
that
have
committed
themselves to the vision of an integrated and
sustainable marine and coastal environment
in the Western Indian Ocean.
Chief among our partners is the South West
Indian Ocean Fisheries Project (SWIOFP). A
constructive and energetic working relationship
has developed between the ASCLME Project
and SWIOFP and a number of areas for
collaboration have been identified. One of
these is the Policy and Governance (P&G)
Assessment (and the related Cost Benefit
Analysis, CBA) that are currently being carried
out in the region.
Two key studies
The P&G Assessment and CBA got off to
an excellent start toward the end of last
year, with a highly productive meeting that
took place in Nairobi. We have succeeded
in attracting a group of knowledgeable and
skilled professionals to assist us and we look
forward to concluding these activities, which
we consider to be critical to the long-term
sustainability of the ASCLME and SWIOFP, by
mid-year. Please turn to page 10 to read more
about the P&G Assessment and CBA.
Although the security problems in the
northern area of the ASCLME region have
severely reduced offshore ecosystem data
collection, collaboration with the South African
government, the United States’ National
Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration
(NOAA) and the Royal Netherlands Marine
Research Institute has meant that we have not
had to relinquish our aspiration of establishing
a long-term monitoring network in the region.
A full report on progress with the long-term
monitoring network and early warning system
is presented on page 18.
Crustacean education
Rafael Carvalho Montes, factory foreman on the fishing vessel Palinurus, holds up two spiny lobsters
caught during a fishing trip on the seamounts of the southwest Indian Ocean last year. The lobster on
the left is a specimen of Jasus paulensis and the lobster on the right is the newly described Palinurus
barbarae. Scientific interest in spiny lobsters has intensified since 2006, when Palinurus barbarae was first
described. Now, with the support of the South West Indian Ocean Fisheries Project (SWIOFP) – which is
funding research surveys and deploying observers in the region – scientists have a golden opportunity to
study the biology and distribution of spiny lobsters that are attracting considerable commercial interest.
Turn to page 16 to read more about crustacean studies in the Western Indian Ocean.
The ASCLME Project is appreciative of the fact
that the countries all delivered their Marine
Ecosystem Diagnostic Analysis (MEDA)
reports on time towards the end of last year.
The MEDA reports represent a substantial
amount of hard work and commitment by
the Data and Information Coordinators. A
comprehensive review and synthesis of
these important documents is now underway
through the strong support of NOAA and its
associated experts. A causal chain analysis –
which will pinpoint the root cause of the
problems affecting the marine and coastal
ecosystems of the western Indian Ocean
region and offer solutions to these problems –
will begin toward the middle of this year. Again,
we will be working closely with SWIOFP to
deliver this causal chain analysis.
In order to compensate for the lack of ship’s
access to the northern area of the region,
more effort and funding has been channeled
into nearshore ecosystem data collection
and capacity building. Training in the use of
nearshore sampling equipment has been
provided to the countries and we are delighted
with the partnership that has evolved between
the ASCLME Project and the Mauritius
Oceanography Institute particularly through their
support to training workshops. See page 42.
Publications and products
The comprehensive list of publications
produced by scientists and managers affiliated
to the ASCLME Project which we publish on
page 52, is testimony to the amount of work
that has been carried out by the Project. In
addition, three major cruise seasons have been
successfully completed, two very popular
ecosystem assessment training courses have
been conducted and Geographical Information
Systems (GIS) and Data Management training
courses have been co-funded.
Building an ecosystem approach to managing African marine resources
News from the ASCLME
Uma aliança regional
In fact, the ASCLME Project has enjoyed considerable success in
attracting partners to support it and the countries in a number of
activities. I have already mentioned the very valuable partnership
with NOAA and the Royal Netherlands Marine Research Institute.
Other strong partnerships have evolved with the African UnionWorld Bank Sustainable Partnership for Fisheries Investment Fund
(SPFIF); ODINAfrica; the Nairobi Convention; the French Institute
for Research and Development (IRD); and the International Maritime
Organization. These, and many other relationships, bode well for the
long-term sustainability of the Project and its objectives. In fact, it
is these evolving and very effective partnerships which, along with
country commitment and support, we hope will form the basis of the
proposed WIOSEA (read more about WIOSEA on page 6).
The Mid-Term Evaluation of the ASCLME Project proceeded very smoothly and we are pleased
to have received the very comprehensive report of the evaluator, who not only confirmed that
the project is achieving satisfactory results, but also made several recommendations which will
guide our activities over the coming months.
David Vousden
Director: ASCLME Project
Com a avaliação intercalar do Projecto
ASCLME finalizada, é com grande entusiasmo
que a Unidade de Coordenação do Projecto
vai iniciar a próxima fase. Além do mais, vários
passos importantes no sentido de permitir a
evolução de uma Aliança para a Preservação
de Ecossistemas Sustentáveis na Região
Oeste do Oceano Índico (WIOSEA) foram
recentemente tomados e é muito encorajador
reflectir sobre o número de organizações
locais, regionais e internacionais que se
comprometeram com a visão de um ambiente
costeiro e marinho integrado e sustentável na
região Oeste do Oceano Índico.
Um dos principais parceiros do Projecto
ASCLME é o Projecto de Pescas do Sudoeste
do Oceano Índico (SWIOFP), os quais criaram
entre si uma relação de trabalho construtiva
e energética e já identificaram várias áreas
de colaboração, uma das quais é a Avaliação
de Políticas e de Governação (e a Análise
de Custo-Benefício com ela relacionada)
presentemente em curso na região.
Dois importantes estudos
In Memoriam
Shortly before Current News went to press, the African
marine science community learnt of the passing of Prof
Johann Lutjeharms, the world’s pre-eminent expert on the
oceanography of the Agulhas Current.
Prof Lutjeharms passed away on World Oceans Day, 8 June
2011, after a long illness.
He is remembered for his extraordinary academic passion
and drive to further the science of oceanography.
Prof Lutjeharms was born in 1944 and studied at the
universities of Cape Town and Washington, receiving a Doctor
of Philosophy and Doctor of Science Honours, respectively.
Over the course of his career he published over 250 scientific
papers and won honorary degrees from the universities of Johannesburg, Pretoria and
Rhodes.
In 2008, Prof Lutjeharms published The Agulhas Current, an authoritative book on
the narrow, swift and strong ocean current that captured and maintained his interest
throughout his career.
In 2009, Prof Lutjeharms was awarded the Order of Mapungubwe, one of the highest
honours that can be conferred on a South African. Prof Lutjeharms was recognised for
his excellent contribution to and achievements in oceanographic science.
Since 2008, Prof Lutjeharms shared his knowledge and expertise with the western
Indian Ocean region, working as Scientific Advisor to the ASCLME Project. His rigorous
academic insight will be a great loss to the Project.
The ASCLME Project Coordination Unit extends its condolences to the family, friends
and colleagues of Prof Lutjeharms.
2
VOL 1 ISSUE 2 2011
A Avaliação de Políticas e de Governação
e a Análise de Custo-Benefício começou
numa nota alta no fim do ano passado, com
uma reunião muito produtiva em Nairobi.
Conseguimos atrair um grupo de profissionais
muito conhecedores e experientes para nos
darem a assistência necessária e aguardamos
com grande expectativa a conclusão destas
actividades,
que
consideramos
como
sendo fundamentais se quisermos manter a
sustentabilidade a longo prazo dos Projectos
ASCLME e SWIOFP, até meados do ano.
(Consulte a página 10 para mais informações
sobre a Avaliação de Políticas e de Governação
e sobre a Análise de Custo-Benefício.)
Muito embora os problemas de segurança
na região setentrional do ASCLME tenham
reduzido seriamente a captação de dados sobre
o ecossistema ao largo da costa, a colaboração
com o governo sul-africano, com a Administração
Nacional Oceânica e Atmosférica dos Estados
Unidos (NOAA) e com o Instituto Real Holandês
para a Investigação Marinha significa que não
tivemos de desistir das nossas aspirações de
estabelecer uma rede de monitorização a longo
prazo na região. Na página 18 encontra-se um
relatório completo sobre o progresso feito com
a rede de monitorização a longo prazo e com o
sistema de alerta precoce. O desafio imediato
consiste em começar a processar e a publicar
os dados para integração nos relatórios sobre
a Análise do Diagnóstico dos Ecossistemas
Marítimos (MEDA) e, posteriormente, na Análise
de Diagnóstico Transfronteiriço regional.
Relativamente aos relatórios MEDA, o Projecto
ASCLME aplaude o facto de todos os países
terem apresentado os relatórios a tempo no
final do ano transacto. Os relatórios MEDA
E Project
Une alliance régionale
representam um trabalho árduo e grande
empenhamento por parte dos Coordenadores
de Dados e Informação. Uma revisão profunda
destes importantes documentos, bem como a
sua síntese, está actualmente em curso através
do forte apoio da NOAA e peritos associados.
Foram realizadas acções de formação no uso
de equipamento para recolha de amostras
perto da costa dos países, e sentimo-nos muito
empolgados pela parceria que tem vindo a evoluir
entre o ASCLME e o Instituto Oceanográfico das
Maurícias a este respeito, sobretudo pelo seu
apoio na realização de workshops de formação.
(Ver página 42.)
Publicações e outras actividades
A ampla lista de publicações produzidas pelos
cientistas e gestores afiliados ao Projecto
ASCLME e ao SWIOPF, que apresentamos
na página 52, testemunha o volume de
trabalho realizado ao abrigo dos nossos dois
projectos. Além disso, foram concluídas com
grande sucesso três importantes estações
de cruzeiro, dois cursos de formação sobre
avaliação de ecossistemas com grande
adesão, bem como cursos de formação em
Sistemas de Informação Geográfica (GIS) e de
Gestão de Dados com co-financiamento.
Na realidade, o Projecto ASCLME tem
conseguido êxitos assinaláveis para atrair
parceiros que apoiem os seus objectivos bem
como os países envolvidos na realização de
várias actividades. Já mencionei a muita valiosa
parceria com a NOAA e com o Instituto Real
Holandês para a Investigação Marinha. Outras
parcerias fortes têm sido conseguidas, a saber,
com a Parceria Sustentável da União Africana/
Banco Mundial para o Fundo de Investimento
das Pescas (SPFIF); com a ODINAfrica; com a
Convenção de Nairobi; com o Instituto Francês
para a Investigação e Desenvolvimento (IRD);
e com a Organização Marítima Internacional.
Estas, e muitas outras relações, são um bom
prenúncio para a sustentabilidade do Projecto e
dos seus objectivos no longo prazo. Na realidade,
são estas parcerias evolutivas e muito eficazes
que, juntamente com o empenhamento e apoio
dos países, esperamos venham a constituir
o alicerce da proposta aliança WIOSEA. (Leia
mais sobre a WIOSEA na página 6.)
A Avaliação Intercalar do Projecto ASCLME
decorreu de forma harmoniosa e apraz-nos ter
recebido o relatório muito exaustivo do avaliador,
que não só confirmou que o projecto está a
alcançar resultados satisfatórios, como também
fez várias recomendações que irão orientar as
nossas actividades nos próximos meses.
Ao terminar, é de mencionar que o portal do
Projecto ASCLME, recentemente actualizado,
proporciona acesso a muitas informações
relativas aos artigos apresentados neste
boletim.
L’évaluation à moyen terme du Projet
ASCLME est terminée et l’Unité de
coordination du projet est impatiente de
passer à phase suivante du projet. Plusieurs
mesures importantes ont récemment été
prises en faveur de l’évolution d’une Alliance
pour un écosystème durable dans l’Océan
Indien occidental (WIOSEA) et la réflexion sur
le nombre d’organisations locales, régionales
et internationales qui se sont engagées vis-àvis de la vision d’un environnement marin et
côtier durable dans l’Océan Indien occidental
est source d’inspiration.
L’un de nos principaux partenaires est le
Projet de pêche du Sud-ouest de l’Océan
Indien (SWIOFP). Une relation de travail
constructive et énergétique s’est développée
entre le Projet ASCLME et le SWIOFP, et
plusieurs points de collaboration ont été
identifiés. L’un d’entre eux est l’Etude de la
politique et de la gouvernance (P&G) (ainsi
que l’Analyse coût-bénéfice (ACB) associée)
actuellement réalisée dans la région.
Deux études clés
L’étude P&G et l’ACB ont pris un excellent départ
en fin d’année dernière, avec l’organisation
d’une réunion particulièrement productive à
Nairobi. Nous avons réussi à attirer un groupe
de professionnels particulièrement avertis et
compétents pour nous aider, et nous sommes
impatients de conclure ces activités, que nous
considérons comme essentielles à la stabilité à
long terme d’ASCLME et du SWIOFP, vers le
milieu de l’année. Veuillez vous rendre en page
11 pour plus d’informations sur l’Etude de la
politique et de la gouvernance et sur l’Analyse
du coût-bénéfice.
Bien que les problèmes de sécurité dans
la partie nord de la région ASCLME aient
considérablement réduit la capture de données
sur l’écosystème marin, la collaboration
avec le gouvernement sud-africain, l’Agence
américaine d’observation océanique et
atmosphérique (NOAA) et l’Institut royal des
Pays-Bas pour la recherche marine nous a
permis de ne pas avoir à abandonner notre
volonté d’établir un réseau de suivi à long
terme dans la région. Un rapport complet
de la progression réalisée quant au réseau
de suivi à long terme et au système d’alerte
précoce est présenté à la page 19.
Le Projet ASCLME est particulièrement
reconnaissant envers les pays pour avoir livré
leurs rapports à temps, vers la fin de l’année
dernière. Les rapports d’ADEM représentent
une quantité substantielle de dur labeur et
d’engagement de la part des Coordinateurs
en charge des données et de l’information.
Une étude détaillée et une synthèse de ces
documents importants est désormais en
cours, avec le soutien infaillible de la NOAA et
de ses experts associés.
Afin de compenser la difficulté d’accéder
par bateau à la portion nord de la région, des
efforts et des financements supplémentaires
ont été consacrés à la collecte de données sur
les écosystèmes côtiers et au développement
des compétences. Une formation à l’utilisation
du matériel d’échantillonnage côtier a été
fournie aux pays et c’est avec un immense
plaisir que nous avons pu voir le partenariat
qui a évolué entre ASCLME et l’Institut
océanographique de Maurice à cet égard,
en particulier par le biais de leur soutien aux
ateliers de formation. Voir page 43.
Publications et résultats
La liste détaillée des publications produites
par les chercheurs et les responsables affiliés
au Projet ASCLME, que nous publions en
page 52, témoigne de l’ampleur du travail
réalisé sous l’étendard de nos deux projets.
De plus, trois grandes saisons de croisière se
sont achevées avec succès, deux formations
à l’évaluation des écosystèmes, qui se sont
avérées très populaires, ont été organisées, et
des formations aux Systèmes d’information
géographique (SIG) et à la Gestion des
données ont été cofinancées.
Le Projet ASCLME a rencontré un succès
considérable dans ses efforts pour attirer
des partenaires afin de le soutenir ainsi que
les pays qu’il englobe dans de nombreuses
activités. J’ai déjà mentionné le partenariat
au combien précieux avec la NOAA et avec
l’Institut royal des Pays-Bas pour la recherche
marine. D’autres partenariats solides se sont
développés avec le Partenariat stratégique
pour un fonds d’investissement pour des
pêches durables (SPFIF) de l’Union africaine
et de la Banque mondiale, ODINAfrica, la
Convention de Nairobi, l’Institut français
de recherche pour le développement (IRD)
et l’Organisation Maritime Internationale.
Ces partenariats, ainsi que de nombreuses
autres relations sont de bon augure pour la
stabilité du projet pour ses objectifs sur le
long terme. C’est même ces partenariats qui
évoluent et très efficaces qui, parallèlement
à l’engagement et au soutien des pays,
constitueront, nous l’espérons, la base
de la WIOSEA proposée (Alliance). Pour
plus d’informations sur WIOSEA, veuillez
consulter la page 7.
L’Evaluation à moyen terme du Projet
ASCLME s’est déroulée sans encombre, et
c’est avec un grand plaisir que nous avons
reçu le rapport très détaillé de l’évaluateur,
qui confirmait non seulement que le
projet obtenait des résultats satisfaisant,
mais
fournissait
également
plusieurs
recommandations qui guideront nos activités
au cours des prochains mois.
3
NEWS from SWIOFP
SWIOFP fulfills knowledge and management needs
The mid-term evaluation of the SWIOFP is
complete and a number of recommendations
that will improve project implementation have
been approved.
The SWIOFP Regional Policy and Steering
Committee met in the Maldives in March
to assess, debate and approve these
recommendations.
Some of the most encouraging conclusions of
the Mid-Term Review were that the SWIOFP
is highly relevant to the western Indian Ocean
region and is coherent with national, regional
and international policy. If it is implemented
successfully, the project has the potential to
serve the needs of the participating countries
by filling a very real gap in both research
knowledge and management planning for
offshore commercial fisheries. Please turn
to page 12 for more information about the
SWIOFP Mid-Term Review. The report is
available in English and French from the
SWIOFP website: http://www.swiofp.net/
publications/mtr-final-report-12-march-2011en-fr
A Policy & Governance Assessment
The partnership between the SWIOFP and
the ASCLME Project continues to grow and
strengthen. Most recently, the two projects
collaborated on a Policy and Governance
Assessment, which is one of the core
requirements of the SWIOFP as it prepares to
compile and implement management plans
for transboundary resources other than tuna.
Further collaboration is anticipated in the
preparation of the Transboundary Diagnostic
Analysis (TDA) and the Strategic Action
Programme (SAP) over the next 24 months.
The two projects are also working together with
a number of partner institutions, promoting a
Western Indian Ocean Sustainable Ecosystem
Alliance (WIOSEA). See page 6.
Over the coming months, one of the priorities
for the SWIOFP will be the drafting of
management plans for a least one fishery
from each of the participating countries, and
at least one sub-regional management plan for
transboundary stocks. Extensive training on
the Ecosystems Approach to Fisheries (EAF) –
especially the risk analysis procedure and the
development of fishery management plans –
is also scheduled for 2011. As a precursor to
the preparation of management plans, the
SWIOFP recently conducted an intensive twoweek, hands-on stock assessment training
course. This was presented in collaboration
with the Food and Agriculture Organization
(FAO) of the United Nations, the Indian Ocean
Tuna Commission (IOTC) and the South West
Indian Ocean Fisheries Commission (SWIOFC)
and was followed by a SWIOFC working party
on pelagic and demersal fisheries.
4
Successful research cruises
Piracy continues to pose a major threat to
the project, but I am pleased to report that
the participating countries have developed
mitigating measures so that the muchanticipated research cruises could go ahead. A
successful 30-day prawn research cruise took
place in Kenyan and Tanzanian waters earlier
this year and will be repeated later in the year.
And, in December last year, a 16-day pelagic
research cruise took place on the UN-flagged
research ship, Dr Fridtjof Nansen. Many more
research cruises are expected to take place
this year, with research planned from leased
commercial fishing vessels. We expect these
research cruises to substantially address
the gaps in scientific knowledge that were
identified in an earlier phase of the SWIOFP.
Well trained observers
An initiative to train 40 fisheries observers
resulted in excellent cooperation and coordination
between the SWIOFP, IOTC and the Indian
Ocean Commission (COI). Well trained fisheries
observers will undoubtedly benefit the region
which is in urgent need of good fisheries data,
especially information on fisheries bycatch.
I am pleased to say that the SWIOFP website
has improved considerably over the past few
months and is gradually developing into a very
useful communications tool. The website
provides us with a practical platform from
which to disseminate information and stay in
touch with our stakeholders. Another initiative,
which has similar goals, is the SWIOFP
monthly newsletter. I invite you to visit the
website and view our regular newsletters
and thereby keep in touch with the important
work our project is doing in the South West
Indian Ocean region.
Last, but certainly not least, our appreciation
goes to all the regional component coordinators
and national component coordinators who are
doing excellent work and making considerable
contributions towards improved fisheries
management in the South West Indian Ocean.
Rondolph Payet
Regional Executive Secretary SWIOFP
VOL 1 ISSUE 2 2011
O SWIOFP satisfaz as necessidade
Está concluída a avaliação intercalar do SWIOFP,
tendo sido aprovadas várias recomendações
que irão melhorar a execução do projecto.
O Comité de Política Regional e Gestão
do SWIOFP reuniu-se nas Maldivas em
Março para avaliar, discutir e aprovar estas
recomendações.
Algumas das mais animadoras conclusões
intercalar referem-se ao facto de o SWIOFP ter
sido considerado como sendo extremamente
importante para a região ocidental do Oceano
Índico e também ser coerente com as
políticas nacionais, regionais e internacionais.
Se for aplicado com êxito, o projecto poderá
vir a satisfazer as necessidades dos países
participantes ao colmatar uma lacuna bem real
ao nível do planeamento dos conhecimentos e
da gestão da investigação da pesca comercial
ao largo da costa. O relatório de avaliação
intercalar está disponível em Inglês e Francês
no sítio Web do SWIOFP: http://www.swiofp.
net/publications/mtr-final-report-12-march2011-en-fr
Avaliação de políticas e
Entretanto, a parceria entre o SWIOFP e o
Projecto ASCLME tem continuado a crescer
e a ser reforçada. Recentemente, os dois
projectos colaboraram numa Avaliação de
Políticas e de Governação, uma das condições
essenciais do projecto no momento em que
se prepara para elaborar e aplicar os planos de
gestão de recursos transfronteiriços para além
do atum. Prevê-se uma colaboração acrescida
na preparação da Análise Diagnóstica
Transfronteiriça (TDA, na sigla em Inglês)
e do Programa de Acção Estratégica (SAP,
na sigla em Inglês) nos próximos 24 meses.
Os dois projectos também estão a trabalhar
em conjunto com uma série de instituições
parceiras na promoção de uma Aliança para
a Preservação de Ecossistemas Sustentáveis
na Região Ocidental do Oceano Índico
(WIOSEA). Ver página 6.
Nos próximos meses, uma das prioridades
do SWIOFP será a elaboração de planos de
gestão para pelo menos uma pescaria de
cada um dos países participantes, e de pelo
menos um plano de gestão sub-regional para
unidades populacionais transfronteiriças. Está
ainda agendada para 2011 uma formação
aprofundada sobre a abordagem ecossistémica
às pescas (EAF, na sigla em Inglês),
particularmente o procedimento da análise de
risco e o desenvolvimento de planos de gestão
de pescarias. Como precursor da elaboração
dos planos de gestão, o SWIOFP realizou
recentemente um curso de formação intensiva
e prática de duas semanas sobre a avaliação
de unidades populacionais, apresentado em
colaboração com a Organização das Nações
Unidas para a Alimentação e Agricultura (FAO),
s de conhecimento e de gestão
a Comissão do Atum do Oceano Índico, (IOTC,
na sigla em Inglês) e a Comissão de Pescas
do Oceano Índico Sudoeste (SWIOFC), tendo
sido seguido de uma reunião de um grupo de
trabalho sobre pesca de espécies pelágicas e
demersais.
A pirataria continua a constituir uma séria
ameaça para o projecto, mas é com satisfação
que comunico que os países participantes
desenvolveram medidas de atenuação do
risco por forma a poderem prosseguir os
cruzeiros de investigação há muito esperados.
Um cruzeiro de investigação do camarão com
a duração de 30 dias teve lugar em águas
quenianas e tanzanianas no início do ano e
será repetido no final do ano. Foi também
realizado, em Dezembro do ano passado,
um cruzeiro de investigação de espécies
pelágicas com a duração de 16 dias no Dr
Fridtjof Nansen, navio de investigação das
Nações Unidas. Deverão ter lugar muitos
mais cruzeiros de investigação este ano,
estando prevista investigação em navios de
pesca comercial alugados. Esperamos que
estes cruzeiros de investigação colmatem as
lacunas existentes no conhecimento científico
identificadas numa fase anterior do SWIOFP.
Observadores bem preparados
Uma iniciativa para formar 40 observadores
de pesca deu origem a uma cooperação e
coordenação excelentes entre o SWIOFP,
a Comissão do Atum do Oceano Índico
(IOTC, na sigla em Inglês) e a Comissão do
Oceano Índico (COI, na sigla em Inglês).
Observadores de pesca bem preparados irão
sem dúvida beneficiar a região, que precisa
urgentemente de dados haliêuticos de
qualidade, particularmente informações sobre
capturas acessórias de pesca.
É com prazer que informo que o sítio Web
do SWIOFP melhorou consideravelmente
nos últimos meses e está a transformarse gradualmente num instrumento de
comunicação muito útil. O portal oferecenos uma plataforma prática a partir da
qual se pode difundir informação e manter
contacto com as partes envolvidas. O boletim
informativo mensal do SWIOFP constitui uma
outra iniciativa com objectivos semelhantes.
Convido-vos a visitarem o portal para lerem
os nossos boletins informativos periódicos e,
desse modo, manterem-se a par do importante
trabalho que o nosso projecto efectua na
região do Oceano Índico Sudoeste.
Por último, mas não menos importante,
aproveito para exprimir o nosso agradecimento
a todos os coordenadores regionais e nacionais,
que estão a fazer um excelente trabalho e a
contribuir de forma muito expressiva para
uma melhor gestão das pescas no Oceano
Índico Sudoeste.
Le SWIOFP répond aux besoins en matière de connaissances et de gestion
L’évaluation à moyen terme du SWIOFP
s’est achevée et un certain nombre de
recommandations visant à améliorer la mise
en œuvre du projet ont été approuvées.
Le Comité de politique régionale et directeur
du SWIOFP s’est réuni aux Maldives au cours
du mois de mars afin d’évaluer, de débattre
et d’approuver ces recommandations.
Les recommandations les plus encourageantes
de l’évaluation à moyen terme étaient que le
SWIOFP était particulièrement pertinent pour
la région occidentale de l’Océan Indien et
était cohérent quant à la politique nationale,
régionale et internationale. Si l’on parvient à
mettre en œuvre ce projet avec succès, celuici aura le potentiel de répondre aux besoins
des pays participants en comblant un manque
véritable en matière de connaissances
scientifiques et de planification de la gestion
des pêches commerciales en mer. Veuillez
vous rendre à la page 12 pour de plus amples
informations sur l’évaluation à moyen terme du
SWIOFP. Le rapport est disponible en anglais
et en français sur le site Web du SWIOFP :
http://www.swiofp.net /publications/mtrfinal-report-12-march-2011-en-fr
Etude de la politique et de la
gouvernance
Le partenariat entre le SWIOFP et le Projet
ASCLME continue de se développer et de se
renforcer. Plus récemment, les deux projets
ont collaboré à une Etude de la politique et
de la gouvernance, l’une des exigences clés
du projet alors qu’il s’apprête à rédiger et à
mettre en œuvre des plans de gestion pour
les ressources transfrontalières autres que
le thon. Une collaboration supplémentaire
est attendue dans la préparation de l’Analyse
transfrontalière du diagnostic (ATD) et du
Programme d’action stratégique (PAS) au
cours des 24 prochains mois. Les deux
projets travaillent également ensemble aux
côtés de plusieurs institutions partenaires,
en vue de la promotion d’une Alliance pour
un écosystème durable dans l’Océan Indien
occidental (WIOSEA). Voir page 7.
Au cours des prochains mois, l’une des
priorités du SWIOFP sera la rédaction des
plans de gestion d’au moins une pêche par
chacun des pays participants, et d’au moins
un plan de gestion sous-régional des stocks
transfrontaliers. Une formation extensive à
l’approche écosystémique des pêches (AEP),
et en particulier à la procédure d’analyse
du risque et au développement de plans de
gestion des pêches, est également prévue
en 2011. Le SWIOFP, en tant que précurseur
dans la préparation des plans de gestion, a
récemment organisé une formation intensive
de terrain de deux semaines sur l’évaluation
des stocks. Celle-ci a été présentée en
collaboration avec l’Organisation des Nations
Unies pour l’alimentation et l’agriculture, la
Commission des Thons de l’Océan Indien
(CTOI) et la Commission des pêches pour le
Sud-ouest de l’Océan Indien (SWIOFC), et a
été suivie d’un groupe de travail du SWIOFC
sur les pêches pélagiques et démersales.
La piraterie continue à constituer une menace
considérable au projet, mais j’ai le plaisir
d’annoncer que les pays participants ont
développé des mesures d’atténuation afin
que ces croisières de recherche ô combien
anticipées puissent se dérouler comme
prévu. Une croisière de recherche sur les
crevettes de 30 jours dans les eaux kenyanes
et tanzaniennes s’est déroulée avec succès
cette année et sera répétée plus tard dans
l’année. Enfin, au mois de décembre de
l’année dernière, une croisière de recherche
pélagique de 16 jours s’est déroulée à bord
du navire de recherche des Nations Unies, le
Dr Fridtjof Nansen. De nombreuses croisières
de recherche supplémentaires devraient
se dérouler cette année, les recherches
devant être effectuées à bord de navires
de pêche commerciale. Ces croisières de
recherche devraient permettre de combler
dans une large mesure les lacunes dans les
connaissances scientifiques identifiées au
cours d’une phase antérieure du SWIOFP.
Des observateurs bien formés
Une initiative visant à former 40 observateurs
des pêches a donné lieu à une excellente
coopération et coordination entre le SWIOFP,
la CTOI et la Commission de l’Océan Indien
(COI). Des observateurs des pêches bien
formés bénéficieront sans aucun doute à la
région, qui a urgemment besoin de données
fiables sur les pêches, et plus particulièrement
sur les prises accessoires des pêches.
J’ai le plaisir d’annoncer que le site Web du
SWIOFP s’est considérablement amélioré
au cours des derniers mois et se développe
progressivement pour devenir un outil de
communication utile. Le site Web nous fournit
une plateforme pratique à partir de laquelle
nous pouvons diffuser des informations et
garder le contact avec nos parties prenantes.
Une autre initiative aux objectifs similaires est
la lettre d’information mensuelle du SWIOFP.
Je vous invite à vous rendre sur notre site
Web et à consulter nos lettres d’information
régulières afin de suivre l’important travail
réalisé par notre projet dans la région du Sudouest de l’Océan Indien.
Enfin, nous souhaitons exprimer nos plus vifs
remerciements à tous les coordinateurs des
sections régionales et nationales, qui réalisent
un excellent travail et contribuent dans une
large mesure à une meilleure gestion des
pêches dans l’Océan Indien du Sud-ouest.
5
News from the region
WIOSEA concept takes shape
The countries of the western Indian Ocean
(WIO) and their regional and international
partners are engaged in the establishment
of a long-term alliance aimed at securing
the sustainable management of the region’s
marine and coastal ecosystems.
Though the alliance is still in the early stages of
development, the concept has been designed
to optimise the many national, regional and
global initiatives that are being implemented
across the region.
Provisionally named “the Western Indian
Ocean Sustainable Ecosystem Alliance
(WIOSEA)”, the Alliance embodies the idea
that the marine and coastal ecosystems of
the western Indian Ocean play a fundamental
role in world fisheries and the global climate
and, as such, there is not only a national and
regional responsibility to protect and maintain
them, but also a global responsibility to
manage and sustain them.
A solid framework for cooperation
Some of the objectives of the proposed
Alliance are to catalyse political leadership at
the country and regional levels; mobilise longterm funding for data capture, ecosystem
monitoring and management; and provide
a solid framework for cooperation among
the initiatives that encourage integrated,
ecosystem-based management of marine and
coastal resources.
A concept document notes that the WIOSEA
will aim to create three vitally important
“pillars of sustainability”. These will provide
the necessary support for the countries
of the region to implement the Strategic
Action Programme (SAP) currently under
development by the ASCLME Project and the
SWIOFP (which includes the TDA and SAP
developed by WIO-LaB).
The three pillars are scientific and technical
sustainability; financial sustainability and
political sustainability.
O conceito da WIOSEA ganha for
According to the concept document, the
WIOSEA aims to recognise the importance of
political leadership, draw on the experience
of existing organisations (such as the Nairobi
Convention and the SWIOF Commission) and
facilitate and assign responsibilities, activities
and funding through a mutually agreed plan of
action.
In view of the move towards an Alliance, the
concept document recommends that the
ASCLME Project and the SWIOFP, together
with the Nairobi Convention, should adopt a
new strategy for the TDA and SAP processes.
The strategy should focus on building this
Alliance between existing management
institutions (e.g. Nairobi Convention, SWIOF
Commission, WIOMSA, etc.), governments
of the region, funding agencies, private sector,
and training and capacity building initiatives.
Support for the alliance
The Alliance is already being championed by a
number of senior government representatives
within the region and has received significant
formal support from prominent scientific
groups both within and outside the region.
The next step would be to develop a detailed
Terms of Reference, work plan and budget for
an effective WIOSEA and to present this to
the appropriate regional bodies, including the
SWIOF Commission, Nairobi Convention and
WIOMSA.
The “architecture” or structure of the
proposed Alliance is still under discussion.
A number of high-level meetings (called to
review and develop the details of the concept
document and to move the process forward)
have already taken place. At these meetings
it was agreed that the ASCLME Project and
the SWIOFP would work together to ensure
that the environment and fisheries ministries
(along with other relevant government bodies)
in the countries of the region play a central
role in developing the concept and mechanics
of the WIOSEA.
For more on WIOSEA, please visit
www.asclme.org
6
VOL 1 ISSUE 2 2011
Os países da região ocidental do Oceano
Índico (WIO) e os seus parceiros regionais e
internacionais estão empenhados na criação
de uma aliança de longo prazo destinada
a assegurar a gestão sustentável dos
ecossistemas marinhos e costeiros da região.
Embora essa aliança ainda se encontre numa
fase inicial de desenvolvimento, o conceito foi
desenvolvido com o objectivo de optimizar
as muitas iniciativas nacionais, regionais e
mundiais que estão a ser implementadas na
região.
Provisoriamente denominada “Aliança para a
Preservação de Ecossistemas Sustentáveis na
Região Oeste do Oceano Índico (WIOSEA)”,
a Aliança traduz a ideia que os ecossistemas
marinhos e costeiros da região ocidental do
Oceano Índico desempenham um papel
fundamental nas pescas mundiais e no clima
global e, como tal, há uma responsabilidade
nacional e regional para os proteger e
preservar, mas também uma responsabilidade
mundial para os gerir e sustentar.
Um quadro sólido para a
cooperação
Alguns dos objectivos da Aliança proposta
consistem em estimular a liderança política
a nível nacional e regional, mobilizar
financiamento a longo prazo para a recolha de
dados, monitorizar e gerir os ecossistemas,
e proporcionar um quadro sólido para a
cooperação entre as iniciativas que encorajem
a gestão integrada dos recursos marinhos e
costeiros baseada nos ecossistemas.
O documento de conceito refere que a
WIOSEA procurará criar três “pilares de
sustentabilidade” de importância crucial, que
prestarão o apoio necessário para que os
países da região implementem o Programa
de Acção Estratégica (SAP, na sigla inglesa)
actualmente em elaboração pelo Projecto
ASCLME e pelo SWIOFP (que inclui a TDA e
o SAP desenvolvidos pela WIO-LaB).
Os três pilares são a sustentabilidade científica
e técnica, a sustentabilidade financeira e a
sustentabilidade política.
ma
Le concept WIOSEA prend forme
De acordo com o documento de conceito,
a WIOSEA visa reconhecer a importância
da liderança política, tirar partido da
experiência das organizações existentes
(como a Convenção de Nairobi e a
Comissão do SWIOF), e também definir
e atribuir responsabilidades, actividades e
financiamento através de um plano de acção
mutuamente acordado.
Tendo em conta a pretendida evolução para
uma Aliança, o documento de conceito
recomenda que o Projecto ASCLME e o
SWIOFP, juntamente com a Convenção
de Nairobi, adoptem uma nova estratégia
para os processos da TDA e do SAP que se
concentre no desenvolvimento da Aliança
entre as instituições de gestão existentes
(por ex., a Convenção de Nairobi, a Comissão
de SWIOF, a WIOMSA, etc.), os governos
da região, as agências de financiamento, o
sector privado, e iniciativas viradas para a
formação e reforço de capacidades.
Apoio à aliança
A Aliança já está a ser defendida por vários
altos representantes governamentais na
região e foi alvo de considerável apoio de
importantes grupos científicos dentro e fora
da região. O passo seguinte seria elaborar
Termos de Referência, plano de trabalho e
orçamento detalhados para uma WIOSEA
eficaz e apresentá-los aos órgãos regionais
apropriados, incluindo a Comissão do SWIOF,
a Convenção de Nairobi e a WIOMSA.
A “arquitectura” ou estrutura da Aliança
proposta ainda está em discussão, embora já
se tenham realizado uma série de reuniões de
alto nível (convocadas para analisar e definir
os pormenores do documento de conceito e
fazer avançar o processo). Nestas reuniões
ficou acordado que o Projecto ASCLME
e o SWIOFP trabalhariam em conjunto
com vista a garantir que os Ministérios do
Ambiente e das Pescas (juntamente com
outros órgãos governamentais) nos países
da região desempenhem um papel central
na elaboração do conceito e mecanismos da
WIOSEA.
Para informação adicional sobre a WIOSEA,
visite o portal www.asclme.org
Les pays de l’Océan Indien occidental (OIO) et
leurs partenaires régionaux et internationaux
participent actuellement au développement
d’une alliance de longue durée visant à garantir
la gestion durable des écosystèmes marins et
côtiers de la région.
Bien que cette alliance n’en soit encore
qu’à ses prémisses, ce concept a été conçu
afin d’optimiser les nombreuses initiatives
nationales, régionales et internationales mises
en œuvre dans la région.
Temporairement baptisée « Alliance pour
un écosystème durable dans l’Océan Indien
occidental (WIOSEA) », cette Alliance incarne
l’idée que les écosystèmes marins et côtiers
de l’Océan Indien occidental jouent un rôle
fondamental dans les pêches mondiales
et le climat de la planète et, qu’en tant que
tels, la responsabilité de les protéger et de
les entretenir est non seulement nationale et
régionale, mais que la responsabilité de leur
gestion et de leur pérennisation est également
mondiale.
Un cadre de coopération solide
Les principaux objectifs de l’Alliance proposée
sont de catalyser le leadership politique
au niveau national et régional, de mobiliser
un financement sur le long terme afin de
permettre la saisie des données, le suivi et
la gestion de l’écosystème, et de fournir un
cadre solide pour une coopération entre les
initiatives qui encouragent une gestion des
ressources marines et côtières intégrée et
écosystémique.
Une note conceptuelle indique que l’Alliance
WIOSEA aura pour objectif de créer trois « piliers
de viabilité » d’une importance cruciale. Ceuxci fourniront le support nécessaire aux pays
de la région afin de leur permettre de mettre
en œuvre le Programme d’action stratégique
(PAS) que le Projet ASCLME et le SWIOFP
développent actuellement (et qui inclut les ATD
et le PAS développés par WIO-LaB).
En vue du passage à une Alliance, la note
conceptuelle recommande que le Projet
ASCLME et le SWIOFP, en partenariat avec la
Convention de Nairobi, adoptent une nouvelle
stratégie quant aux processus d’ATD et de
PAS. Cette stratégie devrait se concentrer
sur le développement de cette Alliance entre
les organes de gestion existants (c.à.d. la
Convention de Nairobi, la Commission PSOOI,
la WIOMSA, etc.), les gouvernements de
la région, les agences de financement, le
secteur privé et les initiatives de formation et
de développement des compétences.
Le soutien à l’Alliance
L’Alliance est déjà défendue par de nombreux
représentants haut placés de certains
gouvernements de la région et a reçu un
soutien officiel considérable de la part de
groupes scientifiques importants, à la fois
au sein de la région et à l’extérieur. L’étape
suivante devrait consister à développer un
mandat, un plan de travail ainsi qu’un budget
détaillés afin de garantir l’efficacité de l’Alliance
WIOSEA et à présenter ces documents aux
organes régionaux appropriés, et notamment
à la Commission PSOOI, la Convention de
Nairobi et la WIOMSA.
L’ « architecture » ou structure de l’Alliance
proposée est toujours en discussion. Plusieurs
réunions de haut niveau (convoquées afin de
considérer et de développer les détails de
la note conceptuelle et de faire progresser
le processus) se sont déjà tenues. Au cours
de ces réunions, il a été déterminé que le
Projet ASCLME et le SWIOFP travailleraient
conjointement afin de s’assurer que les
ministères de l’Environnement et des Pêches
(ainsi que d’autres organes gouvernementaux
concernés) des pays de la région jouent un rôle
central dans le développement du concept et
du fonctionnement de l’Alliance WIOSEA.
Pour de plus amples informations sur l’Alliance
WIOSEA, veuillez vous rendre à l’adresse
suivante : www.asclme.org
Les trois piliers sont la viabilité scientifique et
technique, la viabilité financière et la viabilité
politique.
La note conceptuelle indique également que
l’Alliance WIOSEA a pour objectif de reconnaître
l’importance du leadership politique, de puiser
dans l’expérience des organisations existantes
(telles que la Convention de Nairobi et la
Commission des pêches pour le sud-ouest
de l’Océan Indien, PSOOI) et de faciliter et
d’attribuer les responsabilités, les activités et
les financements au moyen d’un plan d’action
élaboré conjointement.
7
News from the region
Tanzania hosts joint steering committee meetings
A Tanzânia acolhe reuniões do co
A large number of country representatives,
natural resource experts, administrators,
donors and partners attended the joint
steering committee meetings of the ASCLME
Project and the SWIOFP in Tanzania.
Um grande número de representantes
nacionais, peritos em recursos naturais,
administradores, doadores e parceiros
participou nas reuniões do comité director
conjunto do Projecto ASCLME e do SWIOFP
na Tanzânia.
The meetings were held in September 2010
at Kunduchi Beach Hotel, north of Dar es
Salaam. They were officially opened by Ruth
Mollel, Principle Secretary for the Environment
in Tanzania, who welcomed participants to
Tanzania and acknowledged the commitment
and contribution of the project managers,
project partners and country representatives
present at the meeting.
As reuniões tiveram lugar em Setembro de
2010 no Hotel Kunduchi Beach, a norte de Dar
es Salaam, e foram oficialmente abertas por
Ruth Mollel, Primeira Secretária para o Meio
Ambiente do país, que deu as boas-vindas
aos participantes e reconheceu o empenho
e o contributo dos gestores de projectos,
parceiros de projectos e representantes
nacionais presentes na reunião.
Ms Mollel described the wide range of
environmental challenges faced by the
countries of the region and stressed the
importance of collaboration and partnership in
addressing them.
Among the distinguished guests who attended
the opening of the week-long ASCLME Project
and SWIOFP meetings were Dr Yohanna
Budeba, Deputy Permanent Secretary in
the Ministry of Livestock Development
and Fisheries of Tanzania; Dixon Waruinge,
Executive Secretary of the Nairobi Convention;
Aubrey Harris, of the Food and Agriculture
Organization; Drs Christophe du Castel and
Xavier Vincent, representing the French Fund
for the Protection of the Environment and the
World Bank respectively; and Leyla TegmoReddy, representing the United Nations
Development Programme.
The opening session was co-chaired by Eng
Bonaventure Baya, Director General of the
National Environment Management Council of
Tanzania and Dr Benjamin Ngatunga, Director
General of the Tanzania Fisheries Research
Institute.
One of the most important outcomes of
the meetings was a resolution by the two
projects to work together more closely. The
steering committees of the two projects
formulated a comprehensive list of areas for
collaboration and resolved to produce a single
Transboundary Diagnostic Analysis (TDA) and
Strategic Action Programme for the western
Indian Ocean region.
8
Ruth Mollel descreveu o grande leque de
desafios ambientais com que se vêem
confrontados os países da região e sublinhou
a importância da cooperação e das parcerias
para os resolver.
The Joint ASCLME and SWIOFP Steering Committee
Meeting was presided over by Eng Bonaventure
Baya, Director General of the National Environment
Management Council of Tanzania.
The Steering Committees also encouraged the
two projects to coordinate research activities in
the coastal and offshore areas of the western
Indian Ocean; conduct joint genetic studies
with a view to resolving questions around
stock separation; increase synergies between
the various partnerships entered into by the
two projects; and undertake a joint Policy and
Governance Assessment and Cost Benefit
Analysis.
It was also agreed that the two projects would
share data; synchronise training opportunities;
publish joint newsletters and ensure that
opportunities for conducting research at sea
are optimised by scientists affiliated to both
projects.
The full report of the joint steering committee
meetings of the ASCLME Project and the
SWIOFP is available at www.asclme.org and
www.swiofp.net
VOL 1 ISSUE 2 2011
Entre os distintos convidados que estiveram
presentes na abertura das reuniões do Projecto
ASCLME e do SWIOFP, que duraram uma
semana, encontrava-se a Drª Yohanna Budeba,
Secretária Permanente Adjunta do Ministério
de Desenvolvimento da Produção Animal e
das Pescas na Tanzânia, Dixon Waruinge,
Secretário Executivo da Convenção de Nairobi,
Aubrey Harris, da Organização das Nações
Unidas para a Agricultura e Alimentação, os
Drs. Christophe du Castel e Xavier Vincent,
representando o Fundo Francês para
Protecção do Ambiente e o Banco Mundial,
respectivamente, bem como Leyla Tegmo
Reddy, em representação do Programa das
Nações Unidas para o Desenvolvimento.
A sessão de abertura foi co-presidida pelo
Eng Bonaventure Baya, Director-Geral do
Conselho Nacional para a Gestão do Ambiente
da Tanzânia, e pelo Dr. Benjamin Ngatunga,
Director-Geral do Instituto de Investigação
Pesqueira da Tanzânia.
Um dos resultados mais importantes das
reuniões foi uma resolução adoptada pelos dois
projectos no sentido de haver uma cooperação
mité director conjunto
La Tanzanie accueille les réunions du comité directeur conjoint
Un grand nombre de représentants
nationaux,
d’experts
en
ressources
naturelles, d’administrateurs, de bailleurs et
de partenaires ont assisté aux réunions du
comité directeur conjoint du Projet ASCLME
et du SWIOFP en Tanzanie.
Ces réunions se sont tenues en septembre
2010, au Kunduchi Beach Hotel, au Nord de
Dar-es-Salaam. Elles ont été officiellement
inaugurées par Ruth Mollel, Secrétaire de
l’Environnement en Tanzanie, qui a souhaité
aux participants la bienvenue en Tanzanie et a
souligné l’engagement et la contribution des
chefs de projet, des partenaires du projet et des
représentants nationaux présents à la réunion.
Mlle Mollel a décrit tous les défis
environnementaux auxquels les pays de la
région se trouvaient confrontés et a souligné
l’importance de la collaboration et du
partenariat pour les gérer.
Guest of Honour, Ms Ruth Mollel, Principal Secretary
for the Environment of Tanzania gave the opening
address.
mais estreita ente si. Os comités directores dos
dois projectos elaboraram uma lista exaustiva
das áreas de cooperação e decidiram produzir
uma única Análise Diagnóstica Transfronteiriça
(TDA, na sigla em Inglês) e um único Programa
de Acção Estratégica para a região ocidental
do Oceano Índico.
Os dois projectos também foram incentivados
a coordenar actividades de investigação
nas zonas costeiras e no alto mar da região
ocidental do Oceano Índico, a realizar estudos
genéticos conjuntos a fim de resolver
problemas de separação das unidades
populacionais, a intensificar as sinergias
entre as diversas parcerias criadas pelos dois
projectos, e a efectuar uma Avaliação conjunta
de Políticas e de Governação e uma Análise de
Custo-Benefício.
Também ficou acordado que os dois projectos
partilhariam
informação,
sincronizariam
oportunidades de formação, publicariam
boletins informativos conjuntos e garantiriam
que as oportunidades para realizar investigação
no mar fossem optimizadas por cientistas
vinculados a ambos os projectos.
O relatório integral das reuniões do comité
director conjunto do Projecto ASCLME e do
SWIOFP está disponível através do portal
www.asclme.org e www.swiofp.net
On comptait au nombre des invités distingués
présents à l’ouverture des réunions du Projet
ASCLME et SWIOFP, qui devaient s’étendre
sur une semaine, le Dr. Yohanna Budeba,
Vice-secrétaire permanente au Ministère
du développement du bétail et des pêches
en Tanzanie ; Dixon Waruinge, Secrétaire
exécutif de la Convention de Nairobi ; Aubrey
Harris, de l’Organisation des Nations Unies
pour l’alimentation et l’agriculture ; le Dr.
Christophe du Castel et le Dr. Xavier Vincent,
représentant respectivement le Fonds
français pour la protection de l’environnement
et la Banque mondiale, et Leyla Tegmo Reddy,
représentant le Programme des Nations Unies
pour le développement.
La séance d’ouverture a été co-présidée
par Bonaventure Baya, Directeur Général du
Conseil national de Tanzanie pour la gestion
de l’environnement, et Benjamin Ngatunga,
Directeur Général de l’Institut de recherche
sur les pêches de Tanzanie.
L’un des résultats les plus importants de
ces réunions a été la résolution prise par
les deux projets de travailler en plus étroite
collaboration. Les comités directeurs des
deux projets ont formulé une liste détaillée
des points de collaboration et ont pris la
résolution de produire une unique Analyse
transfrontalière du diagnostic (ATD) et un
unique Programme d’action stratégique pour
la région de l’Océan Indien occidental.
Les comités directeurs ont également
encouragé les deux projets à coordonner leurs
activités de recherche dans les zones côtières
et marines de l’Océan Indien occidental, à
conduire des études conjointes sur la génétique,
dans l’optique de résoudre les questions
Dr Benjamin Ngatunga, Director General of
the Tanzania Fisheries Research Institute who,
together with Eng Bonaventure Baya, co-chaired
the first session of the ASCLME/SWIOFP steering
committee meetings.
relatives à la séparation du stock, à augmenter
les synergies entre les divers partenariats
conclus par les deux projets, et à entreprendre
une Politique, une Etude de la gouvernance et
une Analyse coût-bénéfice conjointes.
Il a également été déterminé que les deux projets
partageraient leurs données, synchroniseraient
les opportunités de formation, publieraient des
bulletins d’information conjoints, et s’assureraient
que les opportunités associées à la réalisation
d’études en mer seraient optimisées par les
chercheurs affiliés aux deux projets.
Rondolph Payet, Secrétaire exécutif régional
du SWIOFP, qui s’est exprimé après la clôture
des réunions, a déclaré que les réunions
s’étaient avérées très positives et que son
équipe et lui-même étaient impatients
d’entamer une coopération encore plus étroite
avec le Projet ASCLME à l’avenir.
Les réunions des deux comités directeurs
ont été officiellement clôturées par Benjamin
Ngatunga, qui a réitéré l’intention des deux
projets de travailler ensemble, affirmant que
ceci permettrait d’ajouter de la valeur à chacun
de ces deux projets.
Le rapport complet des réunions du comité
directeur du Projet ASCLME et du SWIOFP
est disponible sur les sites suivants :
www.asclme.org et www.swiofp.net
9
NEWS from the region
Region-wide assessments collect vital information
Two teams of experts have been engaged by
the ASCLME Project and the SWIOFP to carry
out a comprehensive Policy and Governance
Assessment and a Cost Benefit Analysis in
the western Indian Ocean.
The fact-finding exercises are focused on
collecting and analysing information on the
laws, regulations and institutional arrangements
that govern the Large Marine Ecosystems of
the western Indian Ocean, and determining
the economic value of the goods and services
provided by the LMEs.
The Policy and Governance Assessment is
coordinated by Prof David Freestone, Professor
of International Law and former Senior Advisor
to the World Bank’s Office of the General
Counsel. The Cost Benefit Analysis is directed
by fisheries economist Ussif Rashid Sumaila
who is Associate Professor and Director of
the Fisheries Economics and Research Unit at
the University of British Columbia in Canada.
Both are facilitating teams of experts drawn
from the countries of WIO region.
The team constituted to conduct the Policy and
Governance Assessment includes Renison
Ruwa (Kenya); Jeremiah Daffa (Tanzania);
Domingos Gove (Mozambique); Jan Glazewski
(South Africa); Leonide Randrianarisoa
(Madagascar); Joel Nageon (Seychelles); and
Aboubacar Allaoui (Comoros). An expert is
being sought who will cover Mauritius.
The Cost Benefit Analysis is being conducted
by Jane Turpie (South Africa and Mozambique),
Andriamanganiaina Rakotobe (island states);
and Razack Lokina (Kenya
and Tanzania).
Magnus Ngoile, Policy and Governance
Coordinator for the ASCLME Project, explained
that the Policy and Governance Assessment
is a “cutting edge” undertaking; there are
few examples of similar studies and the
Assessment is expected to provide important
outputs that guide the future sustainability of
the goods and services of the WIO region.
Among these are a comprehensive report on
the management and governance of marine
and coastal ecosystems in the western Indian
Ocean; issue-based national governance briefs;
and issue-based regional policy briefs, with
recommendations for regional policy reforms.
Duas equipas de peritos foram contratadas
pelo Projecto ASCLME e pelo SWIOFP para
realizarem uma Avaliação de Políticas e de
Governação abrangente, bem como uma
Análise de Custo-Benefício, na região ocidental
do Oceano Índico.
Os exercícios de apuramento de factos centramse na recolha e análise de informação referente às
leis, regulamentos e disposições instituticionais
que regem os Grandes Ecossistemas Marinhos
da região ocidental do Oceano Índico, e em
determinar o valor económico dos bens e
serviços oferecidos pelos LME.
The goal of the Cost-Benefit Analysis is to
quantify the economic value of the goods
and services provided by marine and coastal
ecosystems in the western Indian Ocean
region, for inclusion in the Transboundary
Diagnostic Analysis. Precise economic
analyses are also expected to strengthen the
argument for responsible and sustainable
resource use.
A Avaliação de Políticas e de Governação
é coordenada pelo Prof David Freestone,
Professor de Direito Internacional e antigo
Consultor Principal do Gabinete de Assessoria
Jurídica do Banco Mundial. A Análise de
Custo-Benefício é dirigida pelo economista
das pescas Ussif Rashid Sumaila, Professor
Associado e Director da Unidade de Economia
e Investigação das Pescas na Universidade da
Colúmbia Britânica no Canadá.
“The Cost-Benefit Analysis will help us to peg
a value to ecosystem-based management,”
said Dr Ngoile.
Ambos estes especialistas estão a coordenar a
criação de equipas de peritos provenientes de
países da região ocidental do Oceano Índico.
“It will give us the language we need to
communicate with governments; it will allow
us to show them that an ecosystem approach
can benefit their countries.”
A equipa formada para realizar a Avaliação de
Políticas e de Governação inclui Renison Ruwa
(Quénia); Jeremiah Daffa (Tanzânia); Domingos
Gove (Moçambique); Jan Glazewski (África do
Sul); Leonide Randrianarisoa (Madagáscar);
Joel Nageon (Seychelles); e Aboubacar Allaoui
(Comores). Falta identificar o perito que ficará
responsável pelas Ilhas Maurícias.
The Cost-Benefit Analysis will cover the
full range of marine and coastal goods and
services in the region, including shipping,
fishing, oil and gas extraction, and others.
Early results from the two
studies were discussed at
a meeting in Johannesburg
in May and it was expected
that both assessments
would be complete by July.
Pictured at the joint meeting
on the Policy and Governance
Assessment and Cost Benefit
Analysis in the western Indian
Ocean are (back row): Caleb
McClennen; David Vousden;
Magnus Ngoile; Domingos Gove;
Veenay Chooramun.
Middle Row: Renison Ruwa;
Julius Francis; Andriamanganiaina Rakotobe; Aboubacar Allaoui; Joel Nageon; Jeremiah Daffa; Dixon Waruinge.
Front Row: David Freestone; Rashid Sumaila; Leonide Randrianarisoa; Lorna Omondi Kyalo; Johann Augustyn.
10
Avaliações à escala regional recolh
VOL 1 ISSUE 2 2011
em informação vital
A Análise de Custo-Benefício está a ser
efectuada por Jane Turpie (África do Sul e
Moçambique), Andriamanganiaina Rakotobe
(Estados Insulares); e Razack Lokina (Quénia
e Tanzânia).
Os resultados iniciais dos dois estudos foram
debatidos numa reunião em Joanesburgo em
Maio.
Magnus Ngoile, Coordenador de Políticas e
de Governação do Projecto ASCLME, explicou
que a Avaliação de Políticas e de Governação
é uma tarefa inovadora. Há poucos exemplos
de estudos semelhantes e espera-se que
a avaliação forneça elementos importantes
que permitam orientar a preservação da
sustentabilidade futura dos bens e serviços
na região ocidental do Oceano Índico. Entre
esses elementos, encontra-se um relatório
exaustivo sobre a gestão e governação dos
ecossistemas marinhos e costeiros na região
occidental do Oceano Índico, programas
nacionais de governação de natureza temática,
bem como programas regionais de políticas de
natureza temática, integrando recomendações
para reformas políticas regionais.
O objectivo da Análise de Custo-Benefício
é quantificar o valor económico dos bens e
serviços proporcionado pelos ecossistemas
marinhos e costeiros na região ocidental
do Oceano Índico, para inclusão na Análise
Diagnóstica
Transfronteiriça.
Espera-se
igualmente que as análises económicas
rigorosas reforcem a tese que defende o uso
sustentável e responsável de recursos .
“A Análise de Custo-Benefício ajudar-nos-á
a atribuir um valor à gestão baseada nos
ecossistemas,” afirmou o Dr. Ngoile.
“Irá proporcionar-nos a linguagem de que
necessitamos para comunicar com os
governos, permitindo mostrar-lhes que uma
abordagem ecossistémica pode beneficiar os
seus países.”
A Análise de Custo-Benefício cobrirá a
totalidade dos bens e serviços marinhos e
costeiros na região, incluindo a navegação,
pescas, extracção de petróleo e de gás e outros.
Les études réalisées à l’échelle de la région permettent de
collecter des informations fondamentales
Deux équipes d’experts ont été recrutées
par le Projet ASCLME et le SWIOFP en vue
d’entreprendre une étude détaillée de la
politique et de la gouvernance ainsi qu’une
analyse de rentabilité dans l’Océan Indien
occidental.
Les exercices d’enquête se concentrent sur la
collecte et l’analyse d’informations sur les lois,
réglementations et dispositifs institutionnels
régissant les grands écosystèmes marins de
l’Océan Indien occidental, et la détermination
de la valeur économique des biens et services
fournis par les GEM.
L’étude de la politique et de la gouvernance
est coordonnée par le professeur David
Freestone, professeur de droit international
et ancien conseiller principal au Bureau du
conseiller juridique de la Banque mondiale.
L’analyse de rentabilité est dirigée par Ussif
Rashid Sumaila, économiste des pêches et
professeur agrégé, et directeur de l’unité
de recherches sur les pêches et l’économie
des pêches de l’Université de Colombie
britannique, au Canada.
Ces deux spécialistes encadrent des équipes
d’experts venus de la région de l’OIO.
L’équipe formée pour réaliser l’étude de la
politique et de la gouvernance se compose
de Renison Ruwa (Kenya), Jeremiah Daffa
(Tanzanie), Domingos Gove (Mozambique),
Jan Glazewski (Afrique du Sud), Leonide
Randrianarisoa (Madagascar), Joel Nageon
(Seychelles) et Aboubacar Allaoui (Comores).
L’équipe est actuellement à la recherche d’un
expert pour couvrir Maurice.
L’analyse de rentabilité est entreprise par
Jane Turpie (Afrique du Sud et Mozambique),
Andriamanganiaina Rakotobe (Etats insulaires)
et Razack Lokina (Kenya et Tanzanie).
Les résultats préliminaires des deux études
ont été discutés lors d’une réunion qui s’est
tenue à Johannesburg en mai, et ces études
devraient être achevées d’ici le mois de
juillet.
Magnus Ngoile, Coordinateur de la politique
et de la gouvernance pour le Projet ASCLME,
a expliqué que l’étude de la politique et de
la gouvernance constituait une entreprise
novatrice ; il n’existe que peu d’exemples
d’études similaires entreprises, et celleci devrait fournir des résultats importants
permettant de guider la viabilité future des
biens et services de la région de l’OIO.
Parmi les résultats attendus, on notera en
particulier un rapport détaillé sur la gestion et
la gouvernance des écosystèmes marins et
côtiers dans l’Océan Indien occidental, des
notes d’information sur la politique régionale
traitant des problèmes rencontrés, ainsi que
des recommandations en vue de réformer la
politique régionale.
L’analyse de rentabilité a pour objectif la
quantification de la valeur économique des
biens et services fournis par les écosystèmes
marins et côtiers dans la région de l’Océan
Indien occidental, en vue d’intégrer ces
informations à l’analyse transfrontalière
du diagnostic. Les analyses économiques
précises devraient également permettre de
renforcer l’argument en faveur de l’utilisation
responsable et durable des ressources.
« L’analyse de rentabilité nous aidera à
valoriser la gestion écosystémique », a déclaré
le Dr. Ngoile.
« Celle-ci nous permettra de disposer
des outils dont nous avons besoin pour
communiquer avec les gouvernements ;
elle nous permettra de leur montrer qu’une
approche écosystémique peut bénéficier à
leurs pays ».
L’analyse de rentabilité couvrira l’intégralité des
biens et services marins et côtiers de la région,
et notamment les activités de transport, de
pêche et d’extraction de pétrole et de gaz.
11
News from SWIOFP
SWIOFP completes Mid-Term Review
Momentum is building in the South West
Indian Ocean Fisheries Project and many of
the problems that have frustrated project
implementation over the past three years have
been addressed. As a result, project outputs
are beginning to materialise.
These were some of the key findings of a
comprehensive Mid-Term Review (MTR) of
the SWIOFP that was completed earlier this
year and discussed in detail at a meeting in
the Maldives in March.
The MTR was conducted by Graeme
Macfadyen a fisheries consultant from
Poseidon Aquatic Resource Management,
who reported his findings to the meeting
which was well attended by project personnel,
donors and country representatives.
Mr Macfadyen found that the SWIOFP
is well designed, has a high degree of
relevance, is coherent with national, regional
and international policy and, if implemented
successfully, will help the participating
countries to fill knowledge gaps and better
manage offshore commercial fisheries.
He also noted that the SWIOFP is taking a
flexible and innovative approach to many of
the issues it faces, fostering strong links with
other projects and institutions in the region
and providing “good value for money”.
One
of
the
reviewer’s
strongest
recommendations was for the SWIOFP
to focus intently on the implementation
of components five and six. These are
mainstreaming biodiversity in national and
regional
fisheries
management;
and
strengthening regional and national fisheries
management.
12
He said that the project team must recognise
the considerable time and effort that is likely
to be required to develop effective fisheries
management plans and the planned TDA and
SAP, and recommended that the development
of these products should begin as soon as
possible.
Another key recommendation was that the
SWIOFP should be realigned at no cost with
the Project Appraisal Document to a period
of five years rather the four years originally
stipulated in the Grant Agreement. An
extension may be considered, depending on
how the project progresses over the next 12
months.
The suggested realignment is intended to
ensure the overall success of the SWIOFP.
Participants at the Maldives meeting
discussed Mr Macfadyen’s findings and made
a number of contributions to his MTR report.
Working groups were constituted to review
and, where necessary, revise the monitoring
and evaluation framework, budgets and work
plans.
Speaking after the meeting, Rondolph Payet,
Regional Executive Secretary of the SWIOFP,
thanked the reviewer for his comprehensive
and constructive assessment of the project
and said that the Regional Management
Unit looked forward to implementing the
recommendations that were subsequently
approved by the SWIOFP Regional Policy
Steering Committee, a subsidiary body of
the South West Indian Ocean Fisheries
Commission.
VOL 1 ISSUE 2 2011
O SWIOFP conclui Avaliação Inter
Existe uma nova dinâmica no Projecto de
Pescas do Sudoeste do Oceano Índico, tendo
sido corrigidos muitos dos problemas que
frustraram a sua execução nos últimos três
anos. Em consequência, os resultados do
projecto começam a fazer-se sentir.
Foram estas algumas das principais conclusões
de uma Avaliação Intercalar (MTR, na sigla
inglesa) global do SWIOFP concluída no início
deste ano e longamente debatida numa reunião
que teve lugar em Março nas Maldivas.
A Avaliação Intercalar foi efectuada por Graeme
Macfadyen, consultor no domínio das pescas
da Poseidon Aquatic Resource Management,
que comunicou as suas conclusões à reunião,
onde esteve presente um número significativo
do pessoal envolvido no projecto, de doadores
e de representantes nacionais.
Macfadyen apontou que o SWIOFP estava
bem concebido, era altamente relevante,
coerente com as políticas nacionais, regionais
e internacionais e, se executado com êxito,
ajudaria os países a colmatar as lacunas
existentes no conhecimento sobre as áreas
em que se debruça e a gerir melhor as pescas
comerciais ao largo da costa. Observou
igualmente que o SWIOFP está a adoptar uma
abordagem flexível e inovadora dos problemas
com que se vê confrontado, promovendo fortes
laços com outros projectos e instituições na
região e melhorando a relação custo-eficácia.
O autor da avaliação recomendou vivamente
que o SWIOFP dispensasse uma maior
atenção à implementação do quinto e do
sexto componentes, referentes à inclusão da
biodiversidade na gestão regional e nacional
das pescas e ao reforço dessa gestão.
calar
Afirmou que a equipa do projecto deve levar
em consideração o tempo e os esforços
consideráveis que, muito provavelmente,
serão necessários para a elaboração de planos
de gestão de pescas eficazes e também para
a realização da planeada Análise Diagnóstica
Transfronteiriça e Programa de Acção
Estratégica, recomendando ainda que se
deveria iniciar o desenvolvimento destes tão
cedo quanto possível.
Uma outra recomendação importante é a
de que o SWIOFP fosse reajustado, sem
custos, em conformidade com o Documento
de Apreciação do Projecto, para um período
de cinco anos e não os quatro estipulados
originalmente no Acordo de Subvenção.
Dependendo da forma como o projecto avançar
nos próximos 12 meses, uma prorrogação
poderá ser considerada.
O reajustamento sugerido visa assegurar o
sucesso global do SWIOFP.
Os participantes na reunião das Maldivas
debateram as recomendações apresentadas
por Graeme Macfadyen e fizeram várias
propostas para inclusão no relatório de
Avaliação Intercalar. Formaram-se grupos
de trabalho para analisar e, onde necessário,
rever o quadro de monitorização e avaliação,
orçamentos e planos de trabalho.
Pronunciando-se após a reunião, Rondolph
Payet, Secretário Executivo do SWIOFP,
agradeceu ao autor da avaliação a sua
análise exaustiva e construtiva do projecto,
adiantando que a Unidade de Gestão Regional
aguardava com interesse que se aplicassem as
recomendações subsequentemente aprovadas
pelo Comité de Política Regional e Gestão do
SWIOFP, órgão subsidiário da Comissão de
Pescas do Oceano Índico Sudoeste.
Le SWIOFP achève son évaluation à moyen-terme
Un certain élan commence à se faire ressentir
au sein du Projet de pêche du sud-ouest de
l’Océan Indien, et bon nombre des problèmes
ayant affecté sa mise en œuvre au cours
des trois dernières années ont été résolus.
En conséquence, les résultats du projet
commencent à se matérialiser.
Ces résultats étaient au nombre des
conclusions clés d’une évaluation à moyen
terme (EMT) détaillée du SWIOFP, évaluation
qui s’est achevée plus tôt cette année et qui
a été discutée en détail lors d’une réunion qui
s’est tenue aux Maldives au mois de mars.
L’EMT a été réalisée par Graeme Macfadyen,
un consultant en pêches travaillant pour
Poseidon Aquatic Resource Management, qui
a présenté ses conclusions au cours de cette
réunion à laquelle bon nombre des membres
du personnel et des bailleurs du projet ainsi que
de représentants nationaux étaient présents.
M. Macfadyen est parvenu à la conclusion
que le SWIOFP était bien conçu, que le
projet était parfaitement pertinent, cohérent
en termes de politique nationale, régionale
et internationale et que si sa mise en œuvre
était réussie, il permettrait d’aider les pays
participants à combler les lacunes dans les
connaissances et à mieux gérer les pêches
commerciales en mer. Il a également noté que
le SWIOFP disposait d’une approche flexible et
innovante à de nombreux problèmes auxquels
le projet se trouvait confronté, favorisait le
développement de liens étroits avec d’autres
projets et institutions de la région et présentait
un caractère rentable indéniable.
L’une des recommandations les plus
importantes formulées dans ce rapport était
que le SWIOFP devrait se concentrer sur la
mise en œuvre des composantes cinq et
six, qui sont respectivement l’intégration
de la biodiversité dans la gestion nationale
et régionale des zones de pêche et le
renforcement de la gestion régionale et
nationale des zones de pêche.
Il a affirmé que l’équipe du projet devait
reconnaître le temps et les efforts
considérables qui seront probablement
requis pour développer des plans de gestion
des pêches efficaces ainsi que les ATD et
le PAS prévus, et a recommandé que le
développement de ces produits débute aussi
rapidement que possible.
Une autre recommandation clé présentée
était que le SWIOFP devrait être aligné au
Document d’évaluation de projet pour une
période de cinq ans plutôt que pour les quatre
ans stipulés à l’origine dans la convention de
subvention, et ce sans engendrer de coût
supplémentaire. Une extension pourrait être
envisagée, en fonction de la progression du
projet au cours des 12 prochains mois.
Le réalignement proposé est destiné à assurer
la réussite globale du SWIOFP.
Les participants à la réunion des Maldives
ont discuté des conclusions de Macfadyen,
et ont apporté plusieurs contributions à ce
rapport d’EMT. Des groupes de travail ont été
constitués afin de revoir et, si nécessaire, de
réviser le cadre de suivi et d’évaluation, les
budgets et les plans de travail.
Rondolph Payet, secrétaire exécutif du
SWIOFP, prenant la parole après la réunion,
a remercié l’évaluateur pour son évaluation
détaillée et constructive du projet, et a affirmé
que l’Unité de gestion régionale était impatiente
de mettre en œuvre les recommandations
ensuite approuvées par le Comité directeur de
la politique régionale du SWIOFP, un organe
subsidiaire de la Commission pour les pêches
du Sud-ouest de l’Océan Indien.
13
News from the ASCLM
New agreement endorses NOAA partnership
Novo acordo sanciona a parceria
A formal agreement between the ASCLME
Project and the National Oceanic and
Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) of the
United States, is expected to formalise and
strengthen the already constructive working
relationship between the two organisations.
Prevê-se que um acordo formal entre o
Projecto ASCLME e a Administração Nacional
Oceânica e Atmosférica dos Estados Unidos
(NOAA, na sigla inglesa) formalize e consolide
a relação de trabalho construtiva existente
entre as duas organizações.
At the Steering Committee meeting of the
ASCLME Project, David Vousden, Director
of the Project, Leyla Tegmo-Reddy, UNDP
Resident Representative of Mauritius,
and Rebecca Shuford, Fishery Biologist
in the Marine Ecosystems division of the
NOAA Office of Science and Technology,
formally adopted an annex to the ASCLME
Project Document detailing the terms of the
partnership.
Both the ASCLME Project and NOAA are
expecting the agreement to boost the
collection, interpretation and dissemination
of information relating to the understanding
of the marine and coastal environment of the
western Indian Ocean.
This information will, in turn, strengthen the
relationship between the nine countries that
share the marine resources of the region.
“NOAA has a long standing history and
commitment to the development and
advancement of Large Marine Ecosystem
projects globally,” explains David Vousden.
Among others, these objectives include:
The collection of information to facilitate the
monitoring of climate change and ecosystem
variability.
The development of an early warning
system to alert countries of the region to the
impacts of climate change.
The coordination and development of
transboundary
fisheries
management
strategies.
The development of management plans for
fisheries that are thought to be particularly
sensitive to the impacts of climate change.
Science and technology training of research
staff at local institutions is a priority of the
partnership agreement.
Steven Murawski, Director of Scientific
Programs and Chief Science Advisor for NOAA
Fisheries Service, expressed his pleasure at
the expanding relationship between NOAA
and the ASCLME Project, saying:
“NOAA is excited to be working in
partnership with the ASCLME Project to
enable the advancement of the environmental
management goals of the region and its
countries.”
“The partnership agreement will lead to
enhanced cooperation between the two
organisations, resulting in the realisation of a
number of shared objectives.”
Na reunião do Comité Director do Projecto
ASCLME, David Vousden, Director do Projecto,
Leyla Tegmo-Reddy, Representante Residente
do PNUD nas Maurícias, e Rebecca Shuford,
Bióloga Pesqueira da Divisão dos Ecossistemas
Marinhos junto do Gabinete da NOOA para as
Ciências e Tecnologia, adoptaram formalmente
um anexo ao Documento do Projecto ASCLME
especificando os termos da parceria.
Tanto o Projecto ASCLME como a NOAA
esperam que o acordo estimule a recolha,
interpretação e disseminação de informação
relativa ao entendimento do ambiente marinho
e costeiro da região Oeste do Oceano Índico.
Por sua vez, esta informação irá reforçar a
relação entre os nove países que partilham os
recursos marinhos da região.
“A NOAA tem uma longa história e empenho
no desenvolvimento e no progresso de
projectos de Grandes Ecossistemas Marinhos
a nível global,” explica David Vousden.
“O acordo de parceria conduzirá a uma maior
cooperação entre as duas organizações,
traduzindo-se na concretização de diversos
objectivos partilhados.”
Partnerships top
The ASCLME Project has forged productive
partnerships with a wide range of local and
international organisations. Collectively these
partnerships are estimated to be worth
US$12.8 million.
The mutually beneficial relationship with
the South African Institute for Aquatic
Biodiversity, is fundamental to the success of
the ASCLME Project, as are the partnerships
with the ASCLME’s sister projects WIO-LaB
and the SWIOFP.
Good working relationships have developed
with the EAF‐Nansen project and DLIST (Eco‐
Africa).
A formal Memorandum of Understanding to promote the sustainable management of the western Indian
Ocean was signed in May between NOAA and UNDP. Pictured at the signing ceremony are (clockwise
from left): Larry Robinson, NOAA Deputy Administrator and Assistant Secretary for Conservation and
Environment; Sidney Thurston, International Coordinator of NOAA’s Global Ocean Climate Observations office;
David Vousden, Director of the ASCLME Project; and Leyla Tegmo-Reddy, UNDP Resident Representative for
Mauritius and Seychelles.
14
VOL 1 ISSUE 2 2011
Partnerships with the Royal Netherlands
Marine Research Institute and NOAA have
been particularly fruitful, having facilitated the
establishment and extension of a sophisticated
offshore oceanographic monitoring network.
E Project
com a NOAA
Esses objectivos incluem, entre outros:
A recolha de informação a fim de facilitar a
monitorização das alterações climáticas e a
variabilidade do ecossistema.
O desenvolvimento de um sistema de alerta
precoce para alertar os países da região para
os impactos das alterações climáticas.
A coordenação e desenvolvimento de
estratégias de gestão dos recursos
pesqueiros transfronteiriços.
O desenvolvimento de planos de gestão
da pesca que se considere serem
particularmente sensíveis aos impactos das
alterações climáticas.
A formação em ciências e tecnologias do
pessoal de investigação em instituições
locais constitui uma prioridade do acordo de
parceria.
Steven Murawski, Director de Programas
Científicos e Principal Assessor Científico do
Serviço de Pescas da NOAA, congratulou-se
com o aprofundamento da relação entre a
NOAA e o Projecto ASCLME, declarando:
“A NOAA sente-se muito entusiasmada com a
perspectiva de vir a trabalhar em parceria com
o Projecto ASCLME no sentido de permitir que
os objectivos de gestão ambiental da região e
seus respectivos países se concretizem.”
Un nouvel accord avalise le partenariat avec la NOAA
Un accord formel conclu entre le Projet
ASCLME et l’Agence américaine d’observation
océanique et atmosphérique (NOAA) devrait
permettre de formaliser et de renforcer la
relation de travail d’ores et déjà constructive
entre les deux organisations.
Lors de la réunion du Comité directeur du
Projet ASCLME, David Vousden, directeur
du projet, Leyla Tegmo-Reddy, représentante
résidente du PNUD à Maurice et Rebecca
Shufford, biologiste spécialisée dans les
pêches à la division Ecosystèmes marins du
Bureaux des sciences et technologies de la
NOAA, ont officiellement adopté une annexe
au Document du Projet ASCLME détaillant les
modalités du partenariat.
Le Projet ASCLME et la NOAA espèrent
que cet accord permettra de stimuler la
collecte, l’interprétation et la diffusion des
informations relatives à la compréhension de
l’environnement marin et côtier de l’Océan
Indien occidental.
Ces objectifs incluent entre autre :
La collecte des informations pour faciliter
le contrôle du changement climatique et la
variabilité de l’écosystème.
Le développement d’un système d’alerte
précoce pour alerter les pays de la région
sur les impacts du changement climatique.
La coordination et le développement des
stratégies de gestion transfrontalière des
pêches.
Le développement de plans de gestion
pour les pêches considérées comme
particulièrement sensibles aux impacts du
changement climatique.
La formation aux sciences et technologies
du personnel de recherche des institutions
locales constitue l’une des priorités de
l’accord de partenariat.
Ces informations permettront à leur tour de
renforcer la relation entre les neuf pays qui se
partagent les ressources marines de la région.
Steven Murawski, Directeur des programmes
scientifiques et conseiller scientifique principal
du Service des pêches de la NOAA, a exprimé
son plaisir de voir la relation entre la NOAA et
le Projet ASCLME progresser.
« La NOAA dispose d’une histoire et
d’un engagement de longue date dans le
développement et la promotion des projets
associés aux Grands Ecosystèmes Marins
dans le monde », a expliqué David Vousden.
« C’est avec impatience que la NOAA attend
de travailler en partenariat avec le Projet
ASCLME, afin de promouvoir les objectifs de
gestion environnementale de la région et de
ses pays ».
« L’accord de partenariat permettra une
plus grande coopération entre les deux
organisation, résultant sur la réalisation d’un
grand nombre d’objectifs communs ».
US$12M
Formal partnerships have developed with the
International Union for Conservation of Nature
(IUCN) and memoranda of understanding have
been signed with the WWF and the French
research institute IRD.
The ASCLME Project is proud to be associated
with the International Maritime Organization,
the Ocean Data and Information Network
for Africa (ODIN-Africa), the World Bank
Marine Highways project, the University of
British Columbia, the US Navy Research
Laboratory and the regional programme for
the sustainable management of the coastal
zones of the countries of the Indian Ocean,
ReCoMaP.
Talks about closer collaboration are underway
with the New Partnership for Africa’s
Development (NEPAD) and the African
Union’s Sustainable Partnership for Fisheries
Investment Fund (SPFIF).
15
NEWS from SWIOFP
SWIOFP survey to shed light on spiny lobster puzzle
A survey of the rocky slopes off southern
Madagascar, which will be arranged and
funded by SWIOFP, may help scientists to
accurately identify the spiny lobsters that
occur there.
Questions about the taxonomic classification
of spiny lobsters in the southwestern Indian
Ocean arose in 2006, when a new species
was described from the catches made by a
fishing boat setting traps on Walters Shoals,
the shallowest submerged seamount along
the Madagascar Ridge, approximately 720km
off the southern tip of Madagascar.
The species was named Palinurus barbarae
and described by South African marine
biologists, Prof Johan Groeneveld and Prof
Charles Griffiths. At first, the only known
population was on Walters Shoals, but
subsequent expeditions have shown that
P. barbarae might be widely distributed on
submerged seamounts, particularly on the
Madagascar and Southwest Indian Ocean
ridges.
Palinurus barbarae
P. barbarae is a large lobster – individuals of
up to 3.5kg have been observed – brick red
in colour, with the typical morphology of the
Palinurus genus. The closest neighbour of
P. barbarae is P. delagoae, which occurs off the
east coast of South Africa and Mozambique.
The discovery of P. barbarae brought to six the
number of known Palinurus species. Three
occur in the southwestern Indian Ocean
(Palinurus gilchristi; P. delagoae and the newly
described P. barbarae), two in the north-east
Atlantic and Mediterranean (P. elephas and
P. mauritanicus) and one at the Cape Verde
Islands (P. charlestoni).
But since 2006, scientific interest in
the distribution of spiny lobsters in the
southwest Indian Ocean has intensified.
For example, questions have been asked
about the taxonomic classification of the
Palinurus lobsters inhabiting the shelf-edge
of Madagascar. These spiny lobsters are
separated from P. barbarae at Walters Shoals
by 720km and deep intervening waters,
and from P. delagoae in South Africa and
Mozambique by the Mozambique Channel
and the swift flowing Agulhas Current.
“A SWIOFP survey using a long-line trapping
vessel is scheduled to sample the rocky
slopes off southern Madagascar later in
2011 for spiny lobster and it will hopefully
provide genetic samples and whole lobsters
to resolve the species identity of the
Madagascan lobsters,” says Prof Groeneveld.
Uma sondagem das vertentes rochosas ao
largo da zona meridional de Madagáscar, que
será organizada e financiada pelo Projecto
de Pescas do Sudoeste do Oceano Índico
(SWIOFP), poderá permitir que os cientistas
identifiquem, de forma precisa, as lagostas
castanhas que ocorrem nesta localidade.
“We would also like to determine whether
the Madagascan lobsters are local or shared
stocks, either with Mozambique and South
Africa or with Walters Shoals and other
seamounts on the Madagascar and Southwest
Indian Ocean ridges.”
Em 2006 surgiram dúvidas quanto à
classificação taxonómica da lagosta castanha
na zona sudoeste do Oceano Índico, quando
foi descrita uma nova espécie encontrada
entre o pescado de um barco pesqueiro que
montava armadilhas de pesca nas montanhas
submersas de “Walters Shoals”, a montanha
submarina mais baixa da Cordilheira de
Madagáscar, aproximadamente a 720km ao
largo do extremo sul de Madagáscar.
But more questions about the distribution
of spiny lobsters in the southwest Indian
Ocean have been raised following two
fishing expeditions to the seamounts during
the summers of 2010 and 2011. SWIOFP
fisheries observers stationed on a fishing
vessel exploring Walters Shoals and other
seamounts collected at least two lobster
species – apart from P. barbarae, deep-sea
traps also caught some Jasus lobsters,
presumably Jasus paulensis.
Jasus paulensis
Prof Groeneveld explains that the seamounts
where the samples were collected are at least
2,000 km west of St Paul and Amsterdam
islands, where known populations of
J. paulensis occur. (St Paul and Amsterdam
islands are French territories located midway
between South Africa and the southwestern
coast of Australia.)
“Considering the westward drift at those
latitudes, the new populations are upstream
from the St Paul and Amsterdam populations,”
says Prof Groeneveld.
“Obviously this raises many questions about
larval drift and genetic connectivity between
distant populations, another subject we are
keen to investigate.”
With the support of the SWIOFP, which is
funding research surveys and deploying
observers in the southwest Indian Ocean,
scientists have a golden opportunity to closely
investigate the biology and distribution of spiny
lobster stocks that are beginning to attract
considerable commercial interest.
According to Johan Groeneveld, regional
coordinator of SWIOFP’s crustacean studies,
the Madagascan spiny lobsters were
tentatively grouped with P. delagoae by Berry
& Plante in their 1973 revision of the genus,
but we now think that these lobsters might
be more closely related to P. barbarae than to
P. delagoae.
16
Sondagem do SWIOFP destinada a
castanhas
VOL 1 ISSUE 2 2011
A espécie recebeu o nome de Palinurus
barbarae e foi descrita pelos biólogos marinhos
sul-africanos, os Profs. Drs. Johan Groeneveld e
Charles Griffiths. Inicialmente, a única população
conhecida encontrava-se em “Walters Shoals”,
mas expedições posteriores sugerem que a P.
barbarae poderá estar largamente distribuída
em montanhas submarinas, sobretudo nas
cordilheiras submersas de Madagáscar e do
Sudoeste do Oceano Índico.
Palinurus barbarae
A P. barbarae é uma lagosta grande – alguns
indivíduos observados pesam até 3,5kg – de
cor vermelha-tijolo, com a morfologia típica
do género Palinurus. O vizinho mais próximo
da P. barbarae é a P. delagoae, que ocorre ao
largo da costa oriental da África do Sul e de
Moçambique.
Com a descoberta da P. barbarae o número
de espécies conhecidas de Palinurus subiu
para seis. Três delas ocorrem no Sudoeste do
Oceano Índico (Palinurus gilchristi; P. delagoae
e a recentemente descrita P. barbarae), duas
no Atlântico Nordeste e no Mediterrâneo
(P. elephas e P. mauritanicus) e uma no
Arquipélago de Cabo Verde (P. charlestoni).
Desde 2006, o interesse científico na
distribuição da lagosta castanha no Sudoeste
do Oceano Índico tem vindo a aumentar.
Por exemplo, têm surgido dúvidas sobre
a classificação taxonómica das lagostas
Palinurus que vivem na borda da plataforma
continental de Madagáscar. Estas lagostas
castanhas encontram-se separadas da
espécie P. barbarae que vive em “Walters
Shoals” por uma distância de 720km e por
águas profundas, e da espécie P. delagoae,
encontrada na costa da África do Sul e de
Moçambique, pelo Canal de Moçambique e
pela forte Corrente das Agulhas.
De acordo com Johan Groeneveld, o
coordenador regional dos estudos sobre
crustáceos do SWIOFP, as lagostas castanhas
malgaxes tinham sido provisoriamente
agrupadas com a espécie P. delagoae por
elucidar o enigma das lagostas
L’étude du SWIOFP devrait permettre de trouver les pièces
manquantes du puzzle de la langouste
Berry & Plante na revisão que estes dois
cientistas efectuaram do género Palinurus
em 1973, mas actualmente pensamos que
estas lagostas são mais chegadas à espécie
P. barbarae do que à P. delagoae.
Une étude des pentes rocheuses au large
des côtes de Madagascar, qui sera organisée
et financée par le SWIOFP, pourrait aider
les chercheurs à identifier avec précision la
population de langoustes qui s’y trouve.
“Uma sondagem do SWIOFP com um navio
de armadilhagem com palangre está prevista
para colher amostras de lagosta castanha das
vertentes rochosas ao largo da costa meridional
de Madagáscar até ao final de 2011, o que
fornecerá, espera-se, amostras genéticas e
lagostas inteiras a fim de resolver a identidade
das espécies de lagostas malgaxes,” diz o
Prof Dr. Groeneveld.
Des questions sur la classification taxonomique
des langoustes dans le Sud-ouest de l’Océan
Indien ont été soulevées en 2006, quand une
nouvelle espèce a été découverte dans les
prises d’un bateau de pêche qui posait des
pièges sur le banc Walters, le mont sousmarin submergé le moins profond de la chaîne
de Madagascar, à environ 720 km au large de
la pointe australe de l’île.
“Gostaríamos também de determinar se
as lagostas malgaxes constituem unidades
populacionais locais ou partilhadas, com as de
Moçambique e da África do Sul ou com outras
de “Walters Shoals” e de outras cordilheiras
ao largo de Madagáscar e no Sudoeste do
Oceano Índico.”
L’espèce s’est vue donner le nom de Palinurus
barbarae et a été décrite par Johan Groeneveld
et Charles Griffiths, deux biologistes marins
sud-africains. A l’origine, la seule population
connue se trouvait sur le banc Walters, mais
des expéditions subséquentes ont démontré
que P. barbarae est une espèce qui pourrait être
largement présente sur les monts sous-marins
submergés, en particuliers sur les crêtes de
Madagascar et de l’Océan Indien du Sud-ouest.
Mas na sequência de duas expedições de
pesca às montanhas submarinas durante os
verões de 2010 e 2011, foram levantadas mais
questões sobre a distribuição das lagostas
castanhas no sudoeste do Oceano Índico. Os
observadores de pesca do SWIOFP postados
num barco pesqueiro que faz a exploração
das montanhas de “Walters Shoals” e de
outras montanhas submersas recuperaram
pelo menos duas espécies de lagosta – para
além da P. barbarae, armadilhas de fundo
capturaram também algumas lagostas Jasus,
possivelmente a espécie Jasus paulensis.
Jasus paulensis
O Prof Dr. Groeneveld explicou que as
montanhas submarinas onde as amostras
foram capturadas encontram-se no mínimo a
2000 km a ocidente das ilhas de S. Paulo e
de Amesterdão, onde ocorrem as populações
conhecidas de J. paulensis. (As ilhas de S. Paulo
e de Amesterdão são territórios franceses
situados a meia distância entre a África do Sul
e a costa meridional da Austrália.)
“Se levarmos em consideração o movimento das
águas para ocidente que ocorre nestas latitudes,
as novas populações identificadas estão a
montante das populações de S. Paulo e de
Amesterdão,” declarou o Prof Dr. Groeneveld.
“Claro que isto levanta muitas questões sobre
o arrastamento de larvas e a ligação genética
entre populações distantes, um outro aspecto
que nos interessa muito estudar.”
Com o apoio do SWIOFP, que está a financiar
as sondagens de pesquisa e tem destacado
observadores para o Oceano Índico do
sudoeste, os cientistas têm agora uma
oportunidade única para investigarem de
perto a biologia e distribuição das unidades
populacionais de lagosta castanha que começa
a atrair um grande interesse comercial.
Palinurus barbarae
P. barbarae est une langouste de grande taille –
des individus pouvant atteindre 3,5 kg ont été
observés – de couleur rouge brique et disposant
de la morphologie typique du genre Palinurus.
L’espèce la plus proche du P. barbarae est le
P. delagoae, que l’on rencontre au large de la côte
est de l’Afrique du Sud et du Mozambique.
La découverte de P. barbarae porte à six le
nombre d’espèces de Palinurus connues. Trois
sont présentes dans la région sud-ouest de
l’Océan Indien (Palinurus gilchristi ; P. delagoae
et P. barbarae qui vient d’être découverte), deux
dans la région nord-est de l’Atlantique et en
Méditerranée (P. elephas et P. mauritanicus) et
une dans les îles du Cap Vert (P. charlestoni).
Mais depuis 2006, l’intérêt scientifique pour
la distribution des langoustes dans le Sudouest de l’Océan Indien s’est intensifié. Par
exemple, des questions ont été posées quand
à la classification taxonomique des langoustes
Palinurus habitant le rebord externe du plateau
de Madagascar. Ces langoustes sont séparées
de P. barbarae au banc Walters par 720 km
d’eaux profondes, et de P. delagoae en Afrique
du Sud et au Mozambique par le Canal du
Mozambique et les eaux rapides du courant
d’Agulhas.
D’après Johan Groeneveld, coordinateur
régional des études sur les crustacés du
SWIOFP, les langoustes malgaches ont fait
l’objet d’une tentative de regroupement avec
P. delagoae par Berry & Plante dans leur
révision du genre en 1973, mais nous pensons
maintenant que ces langoustes pourraient
être davantage apparentées à P. barbarae qu’à
P. delagoae.
« Une étude du SWIOFP, qui sera réalisée
à bord d’un bateau de pêche à la palangre,
devrait nous permettre d’étudier les pentes
rocheuses du large de la partie australe de
Madagascar au cours de l’année 2011 afin
d’étudier les langoustes, et fournira, nous
l’espérons, des échantillons génétiques ainsi
que des langoustes vivantes afin de résoudre
la question de l’identité des langoustes
malgaches », a déclaré M. Groeneveld.
« Nous souhaiterions également déterminer
si les langoustes malgaches sont des stocks
locaux ou communs, au Mozambique et à
l’Afrique du Sud ou au banc Walters et à d’autres
monts sous-marins des crêtes de Madagascar
et de l’Océan Indien du Sud-ouest ».
Mais des questions supplémentaires ont été
soulevées sur la distribution des langoustes
dans le Sud-ouest de l’Océan Indien suite
aux deux expéditions de pêches entreprises
sur les monts sous-marins au cours de l’été
2010 et 2011. Des observateurs des pêches
du SWIOFP en poste sur un bateau de pêche
et explorant le banc Walters ainsi que deux
autres monts sous-marins ont collecté au
moins deux espèces de langoustes ; en plus
de P. barbarae, des pièges en eaux profondes
ont également permis la capture de langoustes
Jasus, probablement Jasus paulensis.
Jasus paulensis
M. Groeneveld explique que les monts sousmarins dans lesquels les échantillons ont été
prélevés se trouvent à au moins 2 000 km à
l’Ouest des îles St Paul et Amsterdam, où l’on
sait que des populations de J. paulensis sont
présentes (les îles St Paul et Amsterdam sont
des territoires français situés à mi-chemin
entre l’Afrique du Sud et la côte sud-ouest de
l’Australie).
« Si l’on prend en considération la dérive
vers l’Ouest qui s’opère à ces latitudes, les
nouvelles populations se trouvent en amont
des populations de St Paul et Amsterdam », a
déclaré M. Groeneveld.
Ceci soulève bien entendu de nombreuses
questions quant à la dérive larvaire et la
connectivité génétique entre des populations
distantes, un autre sujet que nous souhaitions
étudier.
Avec le soutien du SWIOFP, qui finance des
études scientifiques et déploie des observateurs
dans la région Sud-ouest de l’Océan Indien, les
chercheurs disposent d’une opportunité en or
d’étudier de près la biologie et la distribution
des stocks de langoustes, qui commencent à
susciter un intérêt commercial considérable.
17
News from the ASCLM
Oceanographic research continues in piracy zone
Continua a investigação oceanogr
by Claire Attwood and Tommy Bornman
por Claire Attwood e Tommy Bornman
In spite of a very real threat posed by Somali
pirates, a multinational team of scientists
on board the South African research ship
FRV Algoa successfully deployed a wide
range of oceanographic instruments in the
South West Indian Ocean in 2010.
“We are delighted that, with the unwavering
assistance of the South African government
and the support of a number of international
partners, we were able to carry out these
important deployments,” said Dr David
Vousden, Director of the ASCLME Project.
Apesar da ameaça bem real constituída pelos
piratas, uma equipa multinacional de cientistas
a bordo do navio de investigação sul-africano
FRV Algoa fundeou com êxito uma grande
variedade de instrumentos oceanográficos na
região sudoeste do Oceano Índico em 2010.
The FRV Algoa was accompanied by an armed
escort provided by the Seychelles Coastguard
when she entered the high risk area north
of 14°S, but her voyage proceeded without
incident and the scientists and technicians
on board were able to complete the planned
deployment and servicing of oceanographic
equipment.
“Even in the face of the piracy threat, we are
determined to continue monitoring oceanic
and climatic conditions in the western Indian
Ocean, for the benefit of the region.”
O FRV Algoa foi acompanhado por uma escolta
armada da Guarda Costeira das Seychelles
quando entrou na zona de alto risco a norte de
14°S, mas a viagem decorreu sem incidentes e
os cientistas e técnicos a bordo conseguiram
concluir o fundeamento e a reparação e
manutenção do equipamento oceanográfico
conforme estava planeado.
During a 30-day voyage, the scientists
successfully deployed five oceanographic
moorings on the South East Madagascar
shelf; retrieved and serviced two moorings
at 8°S, 55°E and 12°S, 55°E; and deployed a
further mooring at 16°S,55°E. On a second
10-day voyage, a team of scientists deployed
a deep-water oceanographic mooring and
retrieved, serviced and re-deployed a further
two moorings.
The voyages were coordinated by the
ASCLME Project, in partnership with the
South African departments of Agriculture,
Forestry and Fisheries and Environmental
Affairs; the African Coelacanth Ecosystem
Programme; the Royal Netherlands Institute
for Marine Research; the USA’s National
Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration
(NOAA); and the French Institute of Marine
Research, IFREMER.
Four types of oceanographic moorings were
deployed by the FRV Algoa:
•
Five LOCO (Long Term Ocean Climate
Observations) moorings were deployed
in a line over the continental shelf on
the south east coast of Madagascar.
LOCO moorings contain current meters
and temperature and depth recorders,
which provide information about the
East Madagascar Current and its effect
on the more southerly Agulhas Current.
The LOCO moorings are funded by
the
Netherlands
Organization
for
Scientific Research. A second array of
LOCO moorings has been measuring
oceanographic variables in the Mozambique
Channel for eight years. For more
information on the moorings, visit:http://
www.nioz.nl/nioz_nl/e56559cda63ee97
ddd82c4e987f866f0.php
Five satellite drifters were deployed along the cruise
track of the FRV Algoa as part of NOAA’s “Adopt a
Drifter” programme.
18
VOL 1 ISSUE 2 2011
Continued on page 20
Durante uma viagem de 30 dias, os
cientistas instalaram com sucesso cinco
bóias oceanográficas na plataforma Sudeste
de Madagáscar, recuperaram e prestaram
assistência a duas bóias localizadas a 8°S,
55°E e 12°S, 55°E, e instalaram uma outra
bóia a 16°S, 55°E. Numa segunda viagem
de 10 dias, uma equipa de cientistas colocou
uma bóia oceanográfica de águas profundas e
recuperou, reparou e tornou a instalar outras
duas bóias.
As viagens foram coordenadas pelo Projecto
ASCLME, em parceria com os Departamentos
de Agricultura, Silvicultura e Pescas e
também de Assuntos Ambientais da África
do Sul, o Programa Africano do Ecossistema
do Celacanto, o Instituto Real Holandês
de Investigação Marinha, a Administração
Nacional Oceânica e Atmosférica dos Estados
Unidos (NOAA, na sigla inglesa), e o Instituto
Francês de Pesquisa Marinha, IFREMER.
E Project
áfica em zona de pirataria
“Congratulamo-nos pelo facto de termos
conseguido lever a cabo estes importantes
fundeamentos, com a ajuda constante do
governo sul-africano e com o apoio de vários
parceiros internacionais,” disse o Dr. David
Vousden, Director do Projecto ASCLME.
“Mesmo perante a ameaça da pirataria,
estamos decididos a continuar a acompanhar
as condições climatéricas e oceânicas na região
ocidental do Oceano Índico, em benefício da
região.”
Foram instalados pelo Algoa quatro tipos de
bóias oceanográficas:
•
Cinco bóias LOCO (sigla para Long
Term Ocean Climate Observations,
ou Observações do Clima Oceânico a
Longo Prazo) foram instaladas em fila na
plataforma continental na costa sudeste
de Madagáscar. As bóias LOCO contêm
medidores de correntes e registadores
de temperatura e profundidade, que
fornecem informações sobre a Corrente
Oriental de Madagáscar e o seu efeito
sobre a Corrente das Agulhas mais a
sul. As bóias LOCO são financiadas pela
Organização Holandesa para a Investigação
Científica. Há oito anos que um segundo
conjunto de bóias LOCO mede variáveis
oceanográficas no Canal de Moçambique.
Para informações adicionais sobre as bóias,
visite o portal: http://www.nioz.nl/nioz_nl/
e56559cda63ee97ddd82c4e987f866f0.
php
Continua na página 20
Map of the 2010 LOCO and ATLAS mooring cruise.
La recherche océanographique se poursuit dans les zones affectées
par la piraterie par Claire Attwood et Tommy Bornman
En dépit d’une menace très réelle posée par les
pirates somaliens, une équipe de chercheurs
aux nationalités variées embarquée à bord
du navire de recherche sud-africain, le FRV
Algoa, a déployé avec succès une large
gamme d’instruments océanographiques
dans l’Océan Indien du Sud-ouest en 2010.
Quatre types de mouillages océanographiques
ont été déployés par l’Algoa :
•
Cinq mouillages LOCO (Long Term
Ocean Climate Observations) ont été
déployés selon une ligne traversant la
plateforme continentale sur la côte sudest de Madagascar. Les mouillages
LOCO
disposent
de
moulinets
hydrométriques, de thermographes et
d’échosondeurs permettant de fournir
des informations sur le courant de l’Est de
Madagascar et ses effets sur le courant
des Aghulas, qui circule plus au Sud.
Les mouillages LOCO ont été financés
par l’Organisation néerlandaise pour la
recherche scientifique. Une seconde
série de mouillages LOCO a permis de
mesurer les variables océanographiques
dans
le
canal
du
Mozambique
pendant huit ans. Pour de plus amples
informations
sur
les
mouillages,
veuillez consulter la page suivante :
ht tp: // w w w.nioz.nl /nioz _ nl /e 5 6 5 5 9
cda63ee97ddd82c4e987f866f0.php
•
Trois mouillages ATLAS ont été révisés
et/ou déployés dans la zone à fort risque
de piraterie ou à proximité. Les mouillages
ATLAS permettent de mesurer les vents
de surface, la température de l’air et
la température de l’eau à la surface et
en différents points jusqu’à 500 m de
profondeur. Ces mouillages font partie de
la gamme d’équipements ATLAS utilisés
pour suivre et prévoir les conditions de
mousson au large de l’Afrique, de l’Asie
et de l’Australie. Pour de plus amples
informations sur le réseau RAMA et les
mouillages ATLAS, veuillez consulter la
page suivante : http://www.pmel.noaa.
gov/tao/proj_over/mooring.shtml
Le FRV Algoa était accompagné d’une escorte
armée mise à disposition par les gardecôtes seychellois pour permettre au navire
de pénétrer dans la zone à haut risque au
Nord du 14°S parallèle sud, mais son voyage
s’est déroulé sans incident et les chercheurs
et techniciens à bord ont pu procéder au
déploiement et à la révision de l’équipement
océanique prévus.
Au cours de ce périple de 30 jours, les
chercheurs ont déployé cinq mouillages
océanographiques dans la portion sud-est
de la plateforme continentale de Madagascar
; ils ont également remonté et procédé à la
révision de deux mouillages aux coordonnées
8°S, 55°E et 12°S, 55°E, et ont enfin déployé
un mouillage supplémentaire aux coordonnées
16°S, 55°E. Lors d’un second voyage de 10
jours, une équipe de chercheurs a déployé
un mouillage océanographique en eaux
profondes et a remonté, révisé et redéployé
deux mouillages supplémentaires.
La coordination de ces voyages a été assurée
par le Projet ASCLME, en partenariat avec les
ministères de l’Agriculture, des forêts et des
pêches et des Affaires environnementales.
« Nous sommes ravis d’avoir pu, avec
l’assistance inébranlable du gouvernement
sud-africain et avec le soutien de plusieurs
partenaires internationaux, procéder à ces
déploiements importants », a déclaré David
Vousden, le directeur du Projet ASCLME.
« Même confrontés aux dangers de la piraterie,
nous sommes déterminés à poursuivre le suivi
des conditions océaniques et climatiques dans
l’Océan Indien occidental, pour le bénéfice de
la région ».
Suite à la page 21
Map of the 2010 Agulhas Return Current
mooring cruise.
19
News from the ASCLM
•
•
Three ATLAS moorings were serviced
and/or deployed in or adjacent to the
high-risk piracy zone. ATLAS moorings
measure surface winds, air temperature
and sea temperature at the surface
and at different points down to 500 m.
These moorings form part of an ATLAS
array that is used to monitor and predict
monsoon weather conditions off Africa,
Asia and Australia. For more information
on the RAMA network and the ATLAS
moorings, visit: http://www.pmel.noaa.
gov/tao/proj_over/mooring.shtml
In the Southern Ocean (on the boundary
of the Agulhas Large Marine Ecosystem),
at 38.5°S, 30°E, an Agulhas Return
Current, or ARC mooring, was deployed.
The mooring measures a number of
variables, from air-sea interactions down
to 5,000m. Unfortunately, only two months
after it was deployed, the anchor line which
held the ARC mooring in place snapped
and the mooring rapidly drifted off with
the Agulhas Return Current. Luckily the
mooring continued to transmit data from
all its sensors as it drifted, enabling NOAA
scientists to accurately track its position. It
was finally retrieved by the French research
vessel Marion Dufresne in March 2011. It is
hoped that another attempt to deploy the
ARC mooring will be made in the future.
•
Two sophisticated Current Pressure
Inverted Echo Sounders (C-PIES) were
retrieved and re-deployed south west
of Cape Point. These instruments use
acoustic technology to monitor the
transport of heat and freshwater in the
global ocean. See www.aoml.noaa.gov/
phod/SAMOC/ for more details.
Oceanographic moorings are anchored to
the seabed and transmit data in near-real
time via satellite to shore stations where the
information is interpreted and disseminated. In
addition to the anchored moorings, seven Argo
Floats, which collect high quality temperature
and salinity profiles from the upper 2,000 m
of the ocean and current data from various
depths, were deployed along the cruise track
of the FRV Algoa. For more information on the
Argo floats, visit: http://www.argo.ucsd.edu/
•
Três bóias ATLAS receberam assistência
e/ou foram fundeadas na zona de pirataria
de elevado risco, ou a ela adjacente. As
bóias ATLAS medem ventos de superfície,
temperatura do ar e temperatura das águas
do mar à superfície e em pontos diferentes
até 500m. Estas bóias fazem parte do
conjunto ATLAS usado para monitorizar
e prever as condições meteorológicas
derivadas das monções nas costas de
África, Ásia e Austrália. Para informações
adicionais sobre a rede RAMA e as bóias
ATLAS, visite o portal: http://www.pmel.
noaa.gov/tao/proj_over/mooring.shtml
•
No Oceano Índico Sul (na linha de
demarcação do Grande Ecossistema
Marinho da Corrente das Agulhas), a
38.5°S, 30°E, foi instalada uma bóia na
Corrente de Retorno das Agulhas, ou ARC
na sigla inglesa. A bóia mede uma série de
variáveis, incluindo interacções ar-mar até
5.000m. Infelizmente, passados apenas
dois meses após o seu fundeamento, o
cabo de âncora que segurava a bóia ARC
rebentou e a bóia afastou-se rapidamente
com a Corrente de Retorno das Agulhas.
Felizmente, a bóia continuou a transmitir
informação de todos os seus sensores
enquanto era levada pela água, permitindo
aos cientistas da NOAA seguir a sua
posição com precisão. Foi finalmente
recuperada pelo navio de investigação
francês Marion Dufresne em Março de
2011, e contamos que possa vir a ser de
novo fundeada.
•
Foram recuperados e refundeados dois
sofisticados Ecobatímetros Invertidos de
Pressão de Correntes (C-PIES) a sudoeste
de Cape Point, o famoso Cabo da Boa
Esperança. Estes instrumentos usam
tecnologia acústica para monitorizar o
transporte de calor e água doce no oceano.
Visite o portal www.aoml.noaa.gov/
phod/SAMOC/ para obter informações
adicionais.
Five satellite drifters were also supplied
by NOAA as part of their “Adopt-a-drifter”
programme. Schools in South Africa
“adopted” the drifters that were deployed
during the cruise. The drifters can be tracked
on the following website: http://www.adp.
noaa.gov/track_drifting_buoys.html
Ocean currents have a major effect on the marine
ecosystems and resources of the western Indian
Ocean and the deployment and maintenance
of oceanographic instruments generates new
knowledge about the physical characteristics of
the region. Data generated by ocean moorings
are not only collated for the Marine Ecosystem
Diagnostic Analyses, but will, in time, form part
of the long-term monitoring network that the
ASCLME Project is aiming to establish in the
western Indian Ocean.
The South African research vessel, FRV Algoa.
20
VOL 1 ISSUE 2 2011
E Project
As bóias oceanográficas estão ancoradas no
fundo do mar e transmitem informação em
tempo quase real, por satélite, para estações
terrestres onde essa informação é interpretada
e disseminada. Para além das bóias ancoradas,
foram instalados ao longo da trajectória do
cruzeiro FRV Algoa sete Flutuadores Argo, que
recolhem dados de elevada qualidade sobre
temperatura e salinidade da camada superior do
oceano até 2.000m, assim como dados sobre
correntes de diversas profundidades. Para
informações adicionais sobre os flutuadores
Argo, visite o portal: http://www.argo.ucsd.edu/
•
Cinco bóias de deriva rastreadas por satélite
foram também fornecidas pela NOAA como
parte do seu programa “Adopte uma bóia de
deriva”. As escolas na África do Sul “adoptaram”
estas bóias que foram fundeadas durante
o cruzeiro. As bóias de deriva podem ser
acompanhadas no seguinte sítio Internet: http://
www.adp.noaa.gov/track_drifting_buoys.html
As correntes oceânicas têm um efeito
importante nos ecossistemas e recursos
marinhos da região ocidental do Oceano
Índico e o fundeamento e manutenção de
instrumentos oceanográficos produzem novos
conhecimentos acerca das características
físicas da região. A informação gerada pelas
bóias oceânicas não é apenas recolhida para
as Análises Diagnósticas dos Ecossistemas
Marinhos mas, com o tempo, fará parte da rede
de monitorização a longo prazo que o Projecto
ASCLME pretende criar na região ocidental do
Oceano Índico.
•
Dans l’Océan Antarctique (à la limite
du Grand Ecosystème Marin des
Agulhas), aux coordonnées 38,5°S,
30°E, un mouillage de courant de
retour des Agulhas, ou mouillage ARC,
a été déployé. Ce mouillage mesure
un certain nombre de variables, des
interactions air-mer à diverses variables
jusqu’à 5 000 m de profondeur.
Malheureusement, seulement deux mois
après son déploiement, la ligne d’ancrage
maintenant le mouillage ARC en place
s’est cassée et le mouillage a rapidement
dérivé, entraîné par le courant de retour
des Agulhas. Par chance, le mouillage
a continué, au cours de sa dérive, à
transmettre des données émises par tous
ses capteurs, permettant aux chercheurs
de la NOAA de suivre sa position avec
précision. Il a finalement pu être récupéré
par le Marion Dufresne, un navire de
recherche français, en mars 2011. Nous
espérons qu’une nouvelle tentative de
déploiement du mouillage ARC sera
possible dans le futur.
Deux
capteurs
de
pression
et
échosondeurs inversés (C-PIES) ont
été remontés et redéployés au Sudouest de la pointe du Cap de Bonne
Espérance. Ces instruments utilisent une
technologie acoustique afin de contrôler
le transport de chaleur et d’eau douce
dans le système océanique mondial.
Veuillez consulter www.aoml.noaa.gov/
phod/SAMOC/ pour de plus amples
informations.
The Agulhas Return Current mooring is deployed.
Les mouillages océanographiques sont
ancrés aux fonds marins et transmettent
des données en temps proche du réel
par le biais de satellites, qui envoient ces
données aux stations côtières terriennes,
où elles sont interprétées et diffusées. En
plus des mouillages ancrés, sept balises
Argos, collectant des profils de température
et de salinité de haute qualité jusqu’à une
profondeur de 2 000 m ainsi que des données
sur le courant à différentes profondeurs, ont
été déployées sur le circuit de croisière du
FRV Algoa. Pour de plus amples informations
sur les balises Argos, veuillez consulter la
page suivante : http://www.argo.ucsd.edu/
Cinq bouées dérivantes suivies par satellite ont
également été fournies par la NOAA dans le
cadre de son programme « Adopt-a-drifter ».
Plusieurs écoles sud-africaines ont « adopté »
les bouées dérivantes déployées au cours de
la croisière. Les bouées dérivantes peuvent
être suivies sur le site Web suivant : http://
www.adp.noaa.gov/track_drifting_buoys.html
Les courants océaniques ont un effet
majeur sur les écosystèmes marins et les
ressources de l’Océan Indien occidental,
et le déploiement et la maintenance des
instruments océanographiques permettent
de produire de nouvelles connaissances sur
les caractéristiques physiques de la région.
Les données générées par les mouillages
océaniques sont non seulement rassemblées
pour les analyses de diagnostic de
l’écosystème marin, mais feront également
partie d’ici quelques temps du réseau de suivi
à long terme que le Projet ASCLME cherche à
établir dans l’Océan Indien occidental.
Retrieving instruments from an ATLAS mooring.
21
News from SWIOFP
Experts share knowledge of sea turtles
Peritos partilham conhecimentos
by Lorna Omondi Kyalo
por Lorna Omondi Kyalo
In a quest to address Component 5 of
the SWIOFP objectives - mainstreaming
biodiversity in national and regional fisheries
management - a training workshop was
conducted on monitoring sea turtles.
The workshop was organised by the French
Institute for Research and Exploration of
the Sea (IFREMER) in collaboration with
Kelonia Turtle Observatory of Réunion. It
was conducted at the Turtle Observatory and
attended by 14 invited delegates representing
the eight partner countries of SWIOFP,
namely: Comoros, Kenya, Madagascar,
Mauritius, Mozambique, Seychelles, South
Africa and Tanzania.
Seven experts from the Marine Turtle
Specialist Group of IUCN and the Indian
Ocean Sea Turtle Task Force presented the
training modules.
At the start of the workshop, each delegate
presented a national report, giving details
about the state of knowledge about sea turtles
in their country; the status of monitoring
activities; and national participation in
collaborative projects and global initiatives on
sea turtle conservation.
Of the seven species of sea turtles that occur
in the world, five frequent the waters of the
Indian Ocean.
The workshop was conducted in English,
with simultaneous translation into French and
Portuguese.
Some of the topics covered included the role
of regional organisations involved in turtle
research; long-term monitoring; identification
techniques and the use of species as
indicators; data storage; genetics; tagging
and satellite tracking.
Specific project activities that are most
relevant to marine turtle conservation and
essential for mainstreaming biodiversity in
national and regional fisheries management
were identified and prioritised.
Participants and specialists listed 10 main
workshop recommendations, which have
a bearing on SWIOFP Component 5 (See
below). They resolved to follow up on these
recommendations and report on progress at
future workshops.
Workshop Recommendations
Deploy observers to monitor fishing vessels
Create a comprehensive glossary of fishing
gear
Assessment of by-catch
Establish satellite tracking via tagging
programs
Advance capacity building in genetic studies
Identify and monitor turtle hotspots
Harmonise relevant project protocols
Enhance communication between national
Component 5 coordinators
Improve links with, and involvement of,
relevant national stakeholders
Hold folllow-up workshop to evaluate
progress.
Numa tentativa para responder à 5ª
Componente dos objectivos do SWIOFP –
integração da biodiversidade na gestão
nacional e regional das pescas – realizou-se um
workshop de formação sobre a monitorização
das tartarugas marinhas.
O workshop, organizado pelo Instituto
Francês de Investigação para a Exploração
do Mar (IFREMER) em colaboração como
o Observatório de Tartarugas de Kelonia
da Reunião, realizou-se no Observatório de
Tartarugas, tendo contado com a participação de
14 delegados convidados representando os oito
países parceiros do SWIOFP, a saber: Comores,
Quénia, Madagáscar, Maurícias, Moçambique,
Seicheles, África do Sul e Tanzânia.
Sete peritos do Grupo de Especialistas
sobre Tartarugas Marinhas da UICN (União
Internacional para a Conservação da Natureza)
e do Grupo de Trabalho sobre Tartarugas
Marinhas do Oceano Índico apresentaram os
módulos de formação.
No início do workshop, cada delegado
apresentou um relatório nacional, fornecendo
informações pormenorizadas acerca do estado
dos conhecimentos sobre as tartarugas
marinhas no seu país, o estado das actividades
de monitorização, e a participação nacional em
projectos de colaboração e em iniciativas a
nível mundial sobre conservação de tartarugas
marinhas.
Das sete espécies de tartarugas marinhas
que existem no mundo, cinco frequentam as
águas do Oceano Índico.
O workshop decorreu em Inglês, com
interpretação simultânea para Francês e
Português.
Alguns dos temas abordados incluíram o
papel das organizações regionais envolvidas
na investigação das tartarugas, monitorização
a longo prazo, técnicas de identificação e a
utilização das espécies como indicadores,
armazenamento de dados, genética, marcação
e rastreio por satélite.
Fourteen trainees from eight countries took part in the training workshop.
22
VOL 1 ISSUE 2 2011
sobre tartarugas marinhas
Les experts partagent leurs connaissances sur les tortues marines
par Lorna Omondi Kyalo
Identificaram-se e deu-se prioridade a
actividades específicas no âmbito do projecto
que se revestem de grande relevância e que
são essenciais para integrar a biodiversidade
na gestão nacional e regional das pescas.
Os participantes e especialistas presentes
apresentaram
uma
lista
com
10
recomendações emanadas do workshop
susceptíveis de influenciar a 5ª componente
do SWIOFP (ver abaixo), e decidiram dar
seguimento a essas recomendações e dar
a conhecer os progressos alcançados em
workshops futuros.
Recomendações do Workshop
Envio de observadores para monitorizar os
navios de pesca
Criar um glossário exaustivo das artes da
pesca
Avaliar as capturas acessórias
Estabelecer rastreio por satélite através de
programas de marcação
Contribuir para o desenvolvimento de
capacidades em estudos genéticos
Identificar e monitorizar pontos de
concentração de tartarugas
Harmonizar protocolos relevantes no âmbito
do projecto
Aumentar a comunicação entre
coordenadores nacionais da 5ª componente
Melhorar as ligações com os intervenientes
relevantes nacionais e o seu respectivo
envolvimento
Realizar workshops de acompanhamento a
fim de avaliar o progresso alcançado.
Training was provided by experts from the Marine
Turtle Specialist Group of IUCN and the Indian Ocean
Sea Turtle Task Force.
Dans une quête pour aborder la Composante
5 des objectifs du SWIOFP - intégration de
la biodiversité dans la gestion des pêcheries
nationales et régionales - un atelier de
formation a été organisé sur la gestion des
tortues marines.
Les activités spécifiques du projet les plus
pertinentes pour la conservation des tortues
marines et essentielles à l’intégration de la
biodiversité dans la gestion des pêcheries
nationales et régionales ont été identifiées et
classées par ordre de priorité.
L’atelier a été organisé par l’Institut français
de recherche pour l’exploitation de la mer
(IFREMER), en collaboration avec l’Observatoire
des tortues marines de Kélonia, à la Réunion.
Cet atelier a été organisé à l’Observatoire des
tortues et 14 délégués invités y ont participé,
représentant les huit pays partenaires de
SWIOFP : les Comores, le Kenya, Madagascar,
Maurice, le Mozambique, les Seychelles,
l’Afrique du Sud et la Tanzanie.
Les participants et les spécialistes ont listé
les 10 grandes recommandations de l’atelier
ayant un rapport avec la composante 5 du
SWIOFP (voir ci-dessous). Ils ont décidé de
suivre ces recommandations et de faire état
de leurs progrès lors des futurs ateliers.
Sept experts du Groupe de spécialistes des
tortues marines de l’UICN et le Groupe de
travail sur les tortues marines de l’Océan Indien
ont présenté les modules de formation.
Recommandations de l’atelier
Déployer des observateurs pour suivre les
bateaux de pêche
Créer un glossaire détaillé du matériel de
pêche
Au début de l’atelier, chaque délégué a présenté
un rapport national, fournissant des informations
sur l’état des connaissances sur les tortues
marines dans son pays, le statut des activités
de suivi et la participation du pays à des projets
collaboratifs et à des initiatives internationales
sur la conservation des tortues marines.
Evaluation des prises accessoires
Sur les sept espèces de tortues marines
présentes dans le monde, cinq fréquentent
les eaux de l’Océan Indien.
Identifier et suivre les lieux sensibles pour les
tortues
L’atelier a été conduit en anglais, avec une
traduction simultanée en français et en
portugais.
Les sujets abordés ont inclus le rôle des
organisations régionales impliquées dans la
recherche sur les tortues, le suivi à long terme,
les techniques d’identification et l’utilisation
des espèces comme indicateurs, le stockage
des données, la génétique, le marquage et le
suivi par satellite.
Etablissement d’un système de suivi par
satellite par le biais des programmes de
marquage
Promouvoir le développement des
compétences en études génétiques
Harmoniser les protocoles de projet
pertinents
Améliorer la communication entre les
coordinateurs nationaux de la Composante 5
Améliorer les liens avec les parties nationales
pertinentes et leur implication
Organiser des ateliers de suivi pour évaluer
les progrès réalisés.
Trainees observe the behaviour of sea turtles at the Kelonia Turtle Observatory.
23
News from the ASCLME
Communities plan for a better future
As comunidades planeiam um fut
by Frida Lanshammar
por Frida Lanshammar
Communications and stakeholder involvement
are a vital component of any development
project. To ensure that stakeholders participate
in the ASCLME Project, the DLIST toolkit has
been deployed in nine demonstration site
communities. DLIST has worked with these
selected communities in the ASCLME region
to collect their views on the management
of marine and coastal resources, local
development and strategies for improving
livelihoods.
A Local Economic Development (LED)
approach was used, with some variation to
suit local contexts. The LED approach not only
collects information suitable for incorporation
into a Strategic Action Programme for the
western Indian Ocean, it also allows for the
formulation of development plans by the
community, for the community, yet within
frameworks set by national governments.
Ownership by the communities comes
automatically because they, and all other
stakeholders, have the opportunity to provide
input to the planning process, either by
attending special interest group meetings, by
taking part in socio-economic interviews or by
attending large community meetings.
For example, in the case of Pemba Island,
in Zanzibar, Tanzania, the demonstration site
community suggested a multi-purpose resource
centre (MPRC) for their village. The Danish
agency, DANIDA, and the Ministry of Health and
Social Welfare in Zanzibar were quick to come on
board. The MPRC design contains a small clinic,
a community meeting room, computer rooms,
a tourism information centre, small classrooms
and a market and shop area.
So far the DLIST approach has proved to be
very successful in all nine demonstration
site communities. Lots of information and
experiences are being collected and it is
anticipated that the demonstration site
communities will benefit greatly from
their development plans. Some of the
proposed interventions will be implemented
in the coming year. For more information
on the demonstration sites, please visit:
www.dlist-asclme.org
Continued on page 26
A comunicação e o envolvimento das
forças vivas são uma componente vital de
qualquer projecto de desenvolvimento. A
fim de garantir a participação de todos os
actores no Projecto ASCLME, está a ser
aplicada a ferramenta DLIST [sigla em Inglês
para Distance Learning and Information
Sharing] em nove comunidades dos locais
de demonstração. A DLIST tem trabalhado
com as populações das áreas seleccionadas
na região do ASCLME no sentido de recolher
as suas opiniões sobre a gestão dos recursos
marinhos e costeiros, desenvolvimento local
e estratégias que permitam melhorar os seus
meios de subsistência.
Foi usada uma abordagem assente
no
desenvolvimento
económico
local
(abreviada pela sigla inglesa LED), em que
foram introduzidas variações adaptadas às
condições locais. A abordagem LED não
só permite recolher informação apropriada
para incorporação num Programa de
Acção Estratégico para a região Oeste do
Oceano Índico, como também permite às
To ensure that the communities benefit
more directly from the planning process,
the same information has been used to
formulate community development plans
for each of the demonstration sites. These
plans all look slightly different and have
different names, but the concept is the same:
the DLIST team has worked with coastal
communities to list problems or weaknesses
as well as opportunities. Working with the
communities, a draft vision has been created
which guides the development plan in terms
of finding suitable intervention areas. In those
demonstration sites where planning activity
has progressed furthest, the DLIST team has
begun to develop proposals to source funding
for the implementation of the proposed
interventions.
Online distance learning is one of the components of the DLIST-ASCLME activity.
24
VOL 1 ISSUE 2 2011
E Project
uro melhor
Les communautés font des plans pour un avenir meilleur
par Frida Lanshammar
populações formular os planos para o seu
próprio desenvolvimento, em harmonia com
o enquadramento definido pelos respectivos
governos nacionais.
A apropriação por parte das populações
é automática porque tanto elas, como
todos os outros actores, têm oportunidade
de contribuir as suas sugestões para o
processo de planeamento, quer assistindo a
reuniões especiais de grupos de interesse,
quer
tomando
parte
de
entrevistas
socioeconómicas, quer ainda assistindo a
grandes reuniões comunitárias.
A fim de garantir que as comunidades possam
beneficiar mais directamente do processo de
planeamento, a mesma informação foi usada
para formular planos de desenvolvimento
comunitário para cada um dos locais de
demonstração. Estes planos parecem ser
todos eles ligeiramente diferentes e terem
nomes diferentes, mas o conceito é o
mesmo: a equipa da DLIST trabalhou junto
às populações costeiras para preparar uma
lista de problemas ou debilidades, bem
como oportunidades. Ao trabalhar com
as populações, foi preparada uma visão
provisória usada para orientar o plano de
desenvolvimento em termos da identificação
de áreas de intervenção apropriadas. Nos
locais de demonstração onde as actividades de
planeamento fizeram os maiores progressos,
a equipa da DLIST começou a desenvolver
as propostas para angariamento de fundos
destinados a implementar as intervenções
propostas.
Les communications et la participation
des parties prenantes constituent une
composante fondamentale de tout projet de
développement. Pour s’assurer que les parties
prenantes participent au Projet ASCLME, la
boîte à outils DLIST a été déployée dans neuf
communautés tenant lieu de sites pilotes.
DLIST a travaillé avec les communautés
sélectionnées dans la région ASCLME en
vue de rassembler leurs points de vue sur la
gestion des ressources marines et côtières,
le développement local et les stratégies
d’amélioration des conditions de vie.
Une approche de Développement de
l’économie locale (DEL) a été utilisée, en y
apportant quelques modifications afin de
l’adapter aux contextes locaux. L’approche
de DEL consiste non seulement à rassembler
des informations adéquates pour intégration
dans un Programme d’action stratégique
pour l’Océan Indien occidental, mais permet
également à la communauté de formuler des
plans de développement pour elle-même, et
ce dans le respect des cadres fixés par les
gouvernements nationaux.
L’utilisation et l’administration par les
communautés se produisent automatiquement,
puisqu’elles ont, comme toutes les
autres parties prenantes, l’opportunité
d’apporter leur contribution au processus
de planification, en assistant aux réunions
du groupe d’intérêt, en prenant part aux
entretiens socioéconomiques ou en assistant
aux grandes réunions communautaires.
Pour s’assurer que les communautés
bénéficient plus directement du processus
de planification, les mêmes informations ont
été utilisées afin de formuler des plans de
développement communautaire pour chacun
des sites pilotes. Ces plans diffèrent tous
légèrement et portent des noms différents,
mais leur concept reste le même : l’équipe
DLIST a travaillé avec les communautés
côtières pour lister les problèmes ou
les faiblesses ainsi que les opportunités
rencontrées. En travaillant avec les
communautés, une vision préliminaire a été
créée, informant le plan de développement en
termes de recherche de zones d’intervention
adéquates. Dans les sites pilotes dans
lesquels l’activité de planification a connu
une bonne progression, l’équipe DLIST a
commencé à développer des propositions de
recherche de financements afin de mettre en
œuvre les interventions proposées.
Suite à la page 27
Por exemplo, no caso da Ilha de Pemba,
em Zanzibar, Tanzânia, a população do local
de demonstração sugeriu a construção de
um centro de recursos polivalente para a
povoação. A agência dinamarquesa, DANIDA,
e o Ministério da Saúde e da Segurança
Social em Zanzibar rapidamente aderiram
a essa sugestão. O plano para este centro
polivalente inclui um posto sanitário, uma
sala de reuniões, salas de computadores, um
centro de informação turística, pequenas salas
de aula, e um mercado e área para lojas.
Até à data, a abordagem usada pela DLIST
teve muito sucesso em todas as nove
comunidades do local de demonstração.
Estão a ser recolhidas informações e
experiências e espera-se que as populações
dos locais de demonstração possam obter
verdadeiros benefícios dos seus planos de
desenvolvimento. Algumas das intervenções
propostas serão implementadas no próximo
ano. Para mais informação sobre os locais de
demonstração, consulte: www.dlist-asclme.org
Members of the DLIST team conduct stakeholder interviews in Seychelles.
Continua na página 26
25
News from the ASCLME
Most importantly, the plans resulting from the
LED approach can easily be incorporated into
other donor programmes. For instance, in all
the communities, land-based pollution was
identified as a major threat to the health of
inshore waters. The communities themselves
often identified such threats; for example, the
people of Le Morne, Mauritius, are concerned
about grey water running from the village into
the adjacent lagoon. It is envisaged that donor
programmes such as WIO-LaB, that aims to
combat land-based marine pollution, could
easily link into these communities without
starting yet another new initiative. In fact,
some communities, like the one in Kilwa,
Tanzania, made it clear that they are tired of
outside interventions and programmes. Yet
they saw the DLIST approach as being very
different, because it starts with them rather
than with outsiders.
DLIST also offered a number of online distance
learning courses during 2010. The Stakeholder
Participation – for a Better Future course has
been very popular across the entire region.
This course is currently being upgraded and
translated into Portuguese. A new course
is being developed with the University of
Toamasina in Madagascar and the Cape
Peninsula University of Technology in South
Africa. This course will be adapted for Angola
and it is anticipated that it will provide a useful
mechanism for the exchange of “lessons
learned” between three major Large Marine
Ecosystems in the Africa region: the Benguela,
Agulhas and Somali current LMEs.
Um aspecto muito importante é que os
planos resultantes da abordagem assente no
desenvolvimento económico local podem
ser facilmente incorporados em outros
programas de doadores. Por exemplo, em
todas as comunidades, a poluição telúrica
foi identificada como constituindo uma
grande ameaça para a saúde das águas
costeiras. As próprias populações também
identificaram, muitas vezes, tais ameaças;
por exemplo, as populações de La Morne,
nas Maurícias, estão preocupadas com
as águas cinzentas que escoam da vila
para a lagoa adjacente. Prevê-se que os
programas dos doadores, tais como o
WIO-LaB, que visam combater a poluição
marinha de origem telúrica, poderão ser
facilmente integrados nas iniciativas já em
D&I Coordinators meet
Data and Information (D&I) Coordinators for
the ASCLME Project met in Nairobi, Kenya
last year, to discuss the development of the
Transboundary Diagnostic Analysis (TDA).
The TDA, a wide-ranging and detailed
summary of the issues affecting the marine
and coastal environment of the ASCLME
region, is one of the major products of the
ASCLME Project.
Participants at the Nairobi meeting have
contributed substantially to the compilation
of the TDA; they coordinated an in-depth
analysis of their country’s marine and coastal
ecosystems, capturing the information in a
Marine Ecosystem Diagnostic Analysis, or
MEDA report.
“In general, the draft MEDAs submitted
by the countries have been very good,”
said Lucy Scott, D&I Coordinator of the
ASCLME Project.
“They have taken an enormous amount of
work, and provide a very valuable synthesis
of information for the TDA.”
Enhanced cooperation between the
ASCLME Project and the SWIOFP, and
the recent decision to produce a single
TDA for the western Indian Ocean region,
was one of the most important subjects
discussed at the Nairobi meeting. The
practicalities of sharing data, especially
cruise data, between the two projects
and the management of websites, FTP
servers and other means for disseminating
information, were all topics of discussion.
In addition, the D&I coordinators utilised
the meeting to informally discuss the
progress of the ASCLME Project in
their respective countries and made
recommendations for data collection, training
and the procurement of equipment.
Pictured at the meeting of Data and Information Coordinators are (back row): Mohamudally Beebeejaun (Mauritius); Ali Sabriye (Somalia); Yegor Volovik (Mid-term
Evaluator for the ASCLME Project); Juma Kangwe (Tanzania); Jean-Roger Rakotoarijaona (Madagascar); Juliet Hermes (South Africa).
In front: Warwick Sauer (CB&T Coordinator, ASCLME Project); Lucy Scott (D&I Coordinator, ASCLME Project); Clousa Maueua (Mozambique); Michelle Etienne
(Seychelles); Harrison Ong’anda (Kenya).
26
VOL 1 ISSUE 2 2011
E Project
curso junto a estas populações, escusando
assim introduzir-se novas iniciativas. Na
realidade, algumas populações, como por
exemplo a população de Kilwa, na Tanzânia,
deixaram bem claro que estão cansadas de
intervenções e programas externos. Contudo,
consideraram a abordagem da DLIST como
sendo muito diferente, pois começa com eles
e não com forasteiros.
A DLIST também ofereceu um número de
cursos de ensino à distância em 2010. O
curso Participação das Forças Vivas – para um
Futuro Melhor tem tido grande adesão em toda
a região. Este curso está presentemente a ser
traduzido para Português, estando também a
ser criado um novo curso na Universidade de
Toamasina em Madagáscar e na Universidade
de Tecnologia da Península do Cabo, na África
do Sul, o qual será adaptado para Angola.
Prevê-se que este curso proporcionará
um mecanismo útil para troca de “lições
aprendidas” entre os três mais importantes
Grandes Ecossistemas Marinhos da região
africana: os Grandes Ecossistemas Marinhos
das correntes de Benguela, das Agulhas e da
Somália.
Par exemple, dans le cas de l’île de Pemba
à Zanzibar, en Tanzanie, la communauté
du site pilote a suggéré de mettre en place
un centre de ressources multifonctionnel
(MPRC) pour leur village. L’agence danoise
pour le développement, DANIDA, et le
ministère de la Santé et du Bien-être social
à Zanzibar se sont rapidement joints à cette
initiative. Le concept du MPRC inclut un
petit centre médical, une salle de réunion
communautaire, des salles informatiques, un
centre d’informations touristiques, de petites
salles de classe, un marché et une zone
commerciale.
Jusqu’à présent, l’approche DLIST a connu un
grand succès dans les neuf communautés des
sites pilotes. Un grand nombre d’informations
et d’expériences sont rassemblées, et l’on
pense que les communautés des sites
pilotes tireront d’importants bénéfices de
leurs plans de développement. Certaines
des interventions proposées seront mises
en œuvre au cours de l’année. Pour de plus
amples informations sur les sites pilotes,
veuillez consulter le site suivant : www.dlistasclme.org
Plus important, les plans résultant de
l’approche de DEL peuvent facilement
être intégrés aux autres programmes
des bailleurs. Par exemple, dans
toutes
les
communautés,
la
pollution tellurique a été identifiée
comme constituant la plus grande
menace sur la santé des eaux
côtières. Les communautés ont
elles-mêmes identifié ces menaces ; par
exemple, les habitants de la Morne, Maurice
sont inquiets des écoulements d’eau grise
générés par le village dans le lagon adjacent.
Il est envisagé que des programmes financés
par des bailleurs, tel que WIO-Lab, qui visent
à lutter contre la pollution marine d’origine
tellurique, pourrait aisément s’associer à
ces communautés sans qu’il soit nécessaire
de lancer une initiative de plus. Certaines
communautés, comme à Kilwa, en Tanzanie,
ont même clairement affirmé en avoir assez
des interventions et programmes extérieurs.
Ces communautés considéraient cependant
l’approche DLIST comme quelque chose
de très différent, puisque c’est elles qui
initiaient cette approche, et non des entités
extérieures.
DLIST a également proposé plusieurs
formations d’apprentissage à distance en
ligne au cours de l’année 2010. La formation
intitulée La participation des parties prenantes
– pour un avenir meilleur s’est avérée
particulièrement populaire dans toute la
région. La formation est actuellement en
cours de révision et est traduite en portugais.
Une nouvelle formation est actuellement
développée avec l’Université de Toamasina,
à Madagascar, et l’Université de technologie
de la péninsule du Cap en Afrique du Sud.
Cette formation sera adaptée pour l’Angola
et devra fournir un mécanisme utile pour
l’échange des « leçons apprises » entre les
trois principaux Grands Ecosystèmes Marins
de la région africaine : les GEM des courants
de Benguela, d’Agulhas et de Somalie.
The front cover of the Local Economic Development
plan for Hamburg, South Africa.
27
NEWS from SWIOFP
Establishing a platform for collecting fisheries data at sea
Estabelecimento de uma plataforma
by Johan Groeneveld
por Johan Groeneveld
High diversity is a common enough concept in
the western Indian Ocean which is well known
for its corals, fishes, crustaceans and many other
marine life forms. But the notion of diversity also
springs to mind when one is asked to describe
the SWIOFP Observer Training Course which
was arranged by ORI last year.
Picture a mix of 40 students from eight
countries, three languages (English, French
and Portuguese); six training venues (including
a fishing trawler); 10 lecturers (several of
them from Cape Town, one from France and
another from Réunion Island) and a ship-load
of tri-lingual lecture notes. Add to this mix
education levels ranging from primary school
to Masters degrees, and experience at sea
ranging from nothing to 20 years.
We had three-and-a-half weeks to mould our
trainees into skilled and confident fisheries
observers, ready to go to sea!
A region-wide observer programme
Why, you might be tempted to ask? SWIOFP
is presently establishing a region-wide fisheries
observer programme to collect fisheries,
biological, and environmental data from
commercial fishing vessels. These data will
assist in the assessment of fished stocks
and the impacts of fishing on biodiversity
and the environment. Ultimately, the
fisheries observer programme will provide
the information required to develop regional
fisheries management plans that comply
with the ecosystem approach to fisheries
management (EAF) paradigm.
To ensure that good quality, relevant data are
collected, well-trained fisheries observers
are essential!
Moreover, observers work unsupervised,
often on a wet pitching deck, for long
hours and many days at
a time. They have to be
well equipped to do this.
Personal integrity, stamina,
and specific knowledge of
sampling methods, species
identification, fish biology,
fishing technology, gear
types and ecosystems and
environmental information are
all important requirements.
layout and technology; meteorology and
oceanography; fisheries and gears used in the
South West Indian Ocean (SWIO); navigation
and positioning; sampling methods including
catch and effort sampling, biological sampling
and species identification; data forms and
recording; responsible fisheries; marine
mammal observations and identification, and
sampling of turtle bycatch.
The core training team comprised ORI
scientists (Bruce Mann, Johan Groeneveld,
Sean Fennessy) and our partners from
CapFish (Chris Heinecken, Dave Japp and
Melanie Smith) ably supported by SWIOFP
Ships Logistics Coordinator, Teresa Athayde
(a tri-lingual specialist in all things fishy) and
Alison Moor, our tireless organiser.
Fisheries experts
Other invited experts included Alice Johnston
from the WWF Responsible Fisheries team in
Cape Town, Lisa Mansfield from BirdLife, and
Jeremy Kiszka from IFREMER (France), who is
knowledgeable about marine mammals.
Survival at Sea, Personal Safety and Social
Responsibility (PSSR), and First Aid were
outsourced to accredited training institutions
in Durban.
One of the things that stood out during the
training course was the keenness of trainees
to learn. Every morning, upon arriving at the
lecture hall, all our 40 trainees were already
there, solemnly seated, dead quiet and with
their lecture notes open. The course had
100% attendance at all lectures, surely a
record? And at the end of it, after a rigorous
theoretical and practical evaluation, all 40
trainees did themselves proud, passing the
course comfortably.
Working together on a practical exercise.
Training was provided
to five trainees from
each SWIOFP country.
Theoretical and practical
sessions addressed a wide
range of subjects including
observer protocols and
conduct on board; ship
28
VOL 1 ISSUE 2 2011
A elevada diversidade é um conceito bastante
corrente na região ocidental do Oceano Índico,
muito conhecida pelos seus corais, peixes,
crustáceos e muitas outras formas de vida
marinha. Mas a noção de diversidade também
surge quando se torna necessário apresentar
uma descrição do Curso de Formação de
Observadores do SWIOFP organizado pelo
Instituto de Investigação Oceanográfica (ORI, na
sigla inglesa) no ano passado.
Imagine-se um grupo de 40 alunos provenientes
de oito países diferentes, três línguas (Inglês,
Francês e Português), seis locais de formação
(incluindo um arrastão), 10 docentes (vários
deles provenientes da Cidade do Cabo, um da
França e outro da Ilha da Reunião) e carradas
de apontamentos trilingues. A isto, acrescentese o facto de os membros do grupo terem
diferentes níveis de formação, desde aqueles
que têm apenas o ensino primário a outros
com mestrados, bem como diferentes graus de
experiência no mar, que varia entre experiência
nula e 20 anos de experiência.
Em três semanas e meia coube-nos a tarefa
de transformar os nossos estagiários em
observadores de pesca competentes e seguros,
preparados para se fazerem ao mar!
Um programa de observadores a
nível regional
Por que motivo? Seria uma pergunta legítima.
Acontece que o SWIOFP está em vias de
estabelecer um programa de observação de
pescas à escala regional para recolher dados
haliêuticos, biológicos e ambientais de navios
que participam na pesca comercial. Estes dados
contribuirão para a avaliação das unidades
populacionais objecto de pesca e do impacto
da pesca sobre a biodiversidade e o meio
ambiente. Em última análise, o programa de
observação das pescas fornecerá a informação
necessária para elaborar planos de gestão dos
recursos haliêuticos regionais que obedeçam à
abordagem ecossistémica da gestão das pescas
(EAF, na sigla inglesa).
Para garantir a recolha de dados relevantes e
fiáveis, é fundamental haver observadores de
pesca bem preparados!
Além disso, os observadores trabalham sem
supervisão, muitas vezes num convés inclinado
e molhado, durante muitas horas e muitos
dias seguidos. Para isso, precisam de estar
devidamente preparados e satisfazer vários
requisitos importantes como integridade pessoal,
capacidade de resistência e conhecimentos
específicos dos métodos de recolha de
amostras, identificação de espécies, biologia
dos peixes, tecnologia da pesca, tipos de artes
de pesca e informação sobre ecossistemas e
meio ambiente.
de recolha de dados haliêuticos no mar Etablir une plateforme pour collecter des données sur les pêches en mer
par Johan Groeneveld
Foi ministrada formação a cinco estagiários de
cada país do SWIOFP. As sessões teóricas e
práticas cobriram um vasto leque de assuntos,
incluindo protocolos e comportamento
que devem orientar o observador a bordo,
configuração e tecnologia dos navios,
meteorologia e oceanografia, pescarias e artes
de pesca usadas na região sudoeste do Oceano
Índico (SWIO, na sigla em Inglês); navegação
e posicionamento, métodos de recolha de
amostras, incluindo amostragem de capturas
e esforço amostral, recolha de amostras
biológicas e identificação de espécies,
formulários e registos de dados, pescas
responsáveis, observações e identificação de
mamíferos marinhos, e recolha de amostas de
capturas acessórias de tartarugas.
Entre os membros nucleares da equipa de
formação de encontravam-se cientistas do
ORI (Bruce Mann, Johan Groeneveld, Sean
Fennessy) e os nossos parceiros da CapFish
(Chris Heinecken, Dave Japp e Melanie
Smith), que contaram com o competente
apoio da Coordenadora de Logística de Navios
do SWIOFP, Teresa Athayde (especialista
em tudo o que diz respeito a peixes e com a
vantagem adicional de falar as três línguas dos
discentes) e Alison Moor, a nossa incansável
organizadora.
Peritos da pesca
Outros peritos convidados incluíram Alice
Johnston da equipa de Pescarias Responsáveis
do WWF (Fundo Mundial de Protecção da
Natureza) sediada na Cidade do Cabo, Lisa
Mansfield da BirdLife, e Jeremy Kiszka do
IFREMER (França), conhecedor de mamíferos
marinhos. As áreas de sobrevivência no mar,
segurança pessoal e responsabilidade social,
e ainda primeiros socorros foram confiadas a
instituições de formação em Durban com a
necessária acreditação.
Uma das coisas que mais se destacou durante
o curso de formação foi a grande vontade
de aprender demonstrada pelos estagiários.
Todas as manhãs, ao chegarmos à sala de
conferências, verificávamos que os nossos
40 estagiários já ali se encontravam, sentados
com ar grave, em silêncio e com os cadernos
de apontamentos abertos. O curso teve uma
taxa de participação de 100% em todas as
palestras, o que é certamente um recorde! E
no final, após uma rigorosa avaliação teórica
e prática, os 40 estagiários tiveram um êxito
notável, tendo todos eles ficado aprovados
sem problemas.
La grande diversité est un concept
suffisamment commun dans l’Océan Indien
occidental, bien connu pour ses coraux,
poissons,
crustacées
et
nombreuses
autres formes de vie marine. Mais la notion
de diversité vient aussi à l’esprit lorsque
l’on me demande de décrire la Formation
d’observateur du SWIOFP, organisée par
l’ORI l’année dernière.
Imaginez-vous 40 étudiants venus de huit
pays, parlant trois langues (anglais, français
et portugais), six lieux de formation (et
notamment un chalutier de pêche), dix
enseignants (plusieurs d’entre eux venus du
Cap, un de France et un autre de l’île de la
Réunion) et une cargaison de notes de cours
trilingues. Ajoutez à ceci un mélange de
niveaux d’éducation, allant de l’école primaire
aux diplômes de Masters, et une expérience
en mer allant de zéro à 20 ans.
Nous disposions de trois semaines et demie
pour faire de nos stagiaires des observateurs
des pêches compétents et confiants, prêts à
prendre la mer !
Un programme d’observateurs à
l’échelle de la région
Pourquoi, seriez-vous tenté de demander ?
Le SWIOFP met actuellement en place un
programme d’observateurs des pêches à
l’échelle de la région afin de rassembler
des données sur les pêches, la biologie et
l’environnement depuis des navires de pêche
commerciale. Ces données contribueront
à l’évaluation des stocks pêchés et des
impacts de la pêche sur la biodiversité et
l’environnement. Au final, le programme
d’observateurs des pêches fournira les
informations requises pour développer des
plans de gestion des pêches régionales
conformes à l’approche écosystémique de la
gestion des pêches (AEP).
Pour s’assurer que des données de bonne
qualité et pertinentes sont recueillies, il est
essentiel de disposer d’observateurs des
pêches bien formés !
De plus, les observateurs travaillent sans
supervision, souvent sur un pont mouillé et
qui tangue, pendant de longues heures et
plusieurs jours d’affilée. Il est donc nécessaire
qu’ils soient bien équipés. L’intégrité
personnelle, la résistance et la connaissance
spécifique des méthodes d’échantillonnage,
l’identification des espèces, la biologie des
poissons, la technologie de pêche, les types
d’équipements et les écosystèmes, ainsi
que les informations environnementales,
constituent tous des conditions importantes.
La formation a été délivrée à cinq stagiaires
venus de chaque pays du SWIOFP. Les
sessions théoriques et pratiques ont permis
d’aborder un large éventail de sujets, et
notamment les protocoles et la conduite
des observateurs à bord, l’agencement et
la technologie des bateaux, la météorologie
et l’océanographie, les pêches et le matériel
utilisé dans l’Océan Indien du Sud-ouest
(OISO), la navigation et le positionnement,
les
méthodes
d’échantillonnage,
et
notamment l’échantillonnage de capture
et d’effort, l’échantillonnage biologique et
l’identification des espèces, les formulaires
et l’enregistrement des données, les pêches
responsables, les observations et l’identification
des mammifères marins et l’échantillonnage
des prises accessoires de tortues.
L’équipe de formation principale était
composée de chercheurs de l’ORI (Bruce
Mann, Johan Groeneveld, Sean Fennessy)
et de nos partenaires de CapFish (Chris
Heinecken, Dave Japp et Melanie Smith),
soutenus
avec
compétence
par
la
Coordinatrice de la logistique des navires
SWIOFP, Teresa Athayde (spécialiste trilingue
de tout ce qui a trait aux poissons) et Alison
Moor, notre infatigable organisatrice.
Experts des pêches
Alice Johnston, de l’équipe des Pêches
responsables au WWF au Cap, Lisa Mansfield
de BirdLife et de Jeremy Kiszka de l’IFREMER
(France), dont les connaissances en matière
de mammifères marins sont inépuisables,
comptaient au nombre des autres experts
invités. La formation à la survie en mer, la
sécurité personnelle et la responsabilité sociale
(SPRS) et au secourisme a été confiée à des
institutions de formation accréditées à Durban.
L’un des points marquants de cette formation
était l’enthousiasme à apprendre des
stagiaires. Chaque matin, à notre arrivée
dans la salle de cours, nos 40 stagiaires
étaient déjà là, solennellement assis, dans un
calme absolu, leurs notes de cours ouvertes
devant eux. Tous les stagiaires ont assisté
à l’intégralité des
cours, probablement
un record ? Et à la
fin de la formation,
après une évaluation
théorique et pratique
rigoureuse, les 40
stagiaires ont eu la
fierté d’avoir passé
haut la main leur
examen de fin de
formation.
Learning about catch composition.
29
News from the ASCLME
Coastal Livelihoods Assessment is concluded
Conclusão da Avaliação das Fontes
by Tim Andrew
por Tim Andrew
The Coastal Livelihoods Assessment (CLA),
which captures information about the
economic activities that take place in the
coastal zones of the ASCLME region, is
complete. Outputs from the exercise are
currently being reviewed by experts from
the National Oceanic and Atmospheric
Administration of the United States (NOAA).
Information gathered over the course of the
assessment has been compiled into coastal
livelihood reports for each country. These
consist of a comprehensive overview, which
includes summaries of the coastal livelihoods
in a particular country, followed by the more
detailed sector reports, which represent the
original contributions by the in-country and
regional consultants. The sectors are arranged
in the following order: small-scale fisheries,
tourism, mariculture, agriculture and forestry,
energy (oil, gas and biofuels), ports and coastal
transport, and coastal mining.
Each sector report includes descriptive
sections on the biophysical environment;
human environment; policy and governance;
planning and management; development;
trade; and projects related to that sector.
They each conclude with a “SWOT analysis”
which provides a summary of the strengths,
weaknesses, opportunities and threats facing
a particular sector. The results of the SWOT
analyses are particularly important for the
Strategic Action Programme that is planned
for the ASCLME Project and the SWIOFP.
At present, country reports are being reviewed.
Once the reviews are complete and the reports
are accepted by all stakeholders, they will be
incorporated as a separate Coastal Livelihoods
chapter in the individual Marine Ecosystem
Diagnostic Analyses.
In order to allow comparison within each
economic sector across the region, a regional
overview has also been prepared, based on
the comprehensive country sector reports.
While many of the sectors assessed display
characteristics that are intrinsic to particular
countries, there are a number of issues that
occur across countries and which are, in fact,
very similar and consequently comparable.
The regional overview handles each of the seven
sectors separately, with each sector being
subdivided into the nine countries participating
in the ASCLME Project. In this way, similarities
and differences in, for example, small-scale
fisheries across the region, become apparent.
Finally, while each sector report has a
bibliography containing key references and
links to relevant information, full details of
the information resources collected during
the compilation of each sector report, and
electronic copies of literature (where available),
have been included in the overall ASCLME
Project’s reference management system to
allow easy access to this information.
The objectives of the CLA
•
to collect as much existing information as possible about the main coastal
activities in the nine participating countries as a contribution to the national
Marine Ecosystem Diagnostic Analyses (MEDAs);
•
to store and organise this information so that it is easily accessible and of
maximum benefit to multiple stakeholders, both during and after the lifetime of
the ASCLME Project;
•
to review and sythesise the information in order to provide useful inputs to the
ASCLME Project.
In order to achieve these objectives, the CLA was separated into three distinct phases,
with the first phase kicking off in May 2009. During phase one, a “desktop” review of
available data was conducted by the regional project coordinators; in phase two, 23
in-country consultants were recruited; and in phase three, the information gathered
by the consultants was organised into coastal livelihood reports for each country.
30
VOL 1 ISSUE 2 2011
O estudo de Avaliação das Fontes de
Rendimento em Meio Costeiro (CLA na
sigla em Inglês), que consistiu na recolha de
dados sobre as actividades económicas que
têm lugar nas zonas costeiras da região do
Grande Ecossistema Marinho das Correntes
das Agulhas e Somália (ASCLME na sigla
em Inglês), já foi finalizado. Os resultados
do trabalho estão presentemente a ser
revistos por peritos da Administração Nacional
Oceânica e Atmosférica dos Estados Unidos
(abreviado pela sigla em Inglês NOAA).
Os dados recolhidos durante o trabalho de
avaliação foram compilados em relatórios
sobre as fontes de rendimento relativos a cada
país. Cada um dos relatórios consiste de uma
visão de conjunto, que inclui resumos sobre
as fontes de rendimento em meio costeiro no
país em questão, seguidos de relatórios mais
pormenorizados sobre diferentes sectores,
que correspondem aos contributos originais
apresentados pelos consultores regionais e de
cada país. Os sectores estão organizados na
seguinte ordem: pescarias de pequena escala,
turismo, maricultura, agricultura e silvicultura,
energia (petróleo, gás e biocombustíveis),
portos e transporte costeiro, bem como
extracção mineira costeira.
Cada relatório sectorial inclui secções
descritivas sobre o meio ambiente biofísico; o meio ambiente humano; políticas
e governação; planeamento e gestão;
desenvolvimento; comércio; e projectos
relacionados com esse sector. Cada um dos
relatórios termina com uma análise “SWOT”
que apresenta um resumo dos pontos fortes
e fracos, das oportunidades e das ameaças
que esse sector enfrenta. Os resultados
das análises “SWOT” são de importância
especial para o Programa Estratégico de
Acção planeado para o Projecto ASCLME e
para o SWIOFP.
E Project
de Rendimento em Meio Costeiro
L’étude des modes de vie côtiers s’est achevée
par Tim Andrew
Presentemente, os relatórios nacionais estão a
ser revistos pelos representantes do projecto
em cada país, bem como por especialistas
recrutados pela NOAA. Na sua qualidade de
parceiro chegado do Projecto ASCLME, a
NOAA acedeu generosamente a fazer a revisão
independente com o propósito de tornar os
resultados do projecto ainda mais robustos.
Depois de se terminar a revisão e os relatórios
terem sido aceites por todas as forças vivas,
os mesmos serão incorporados num capítulo
consagrado às fontes de rendimentos no
meio costeiro nas Análises de Diagnóstico do
Ecossistema Marinho individuais.
A fim de permitir a comparação entre cada
sector económico da região, foi preparada
uma panorâmica regional, com base nos
relatórios sectoriais exaustivos de cada país.
Embora muitos dos sectores avaliados exibam
características intrínsecas e específicas a
determinado país, existem vários aspectos
transversais a todos os países que apresentam
grandes semelhanças entre si, permitindo,
pois, que sejam feitas comparações.
A panorâmica regional trata de cada um dos
sete sectores separadamente, sendo cada um
dos sectores subdividido nos nove países que
participam do Projecto ASCLME. Isto permitiu
identificar as semelhanças e as diferenças entre,
por exemplo, as pequenas pescarias da região.
Por último, embora cada relatório sectorial
tenha uma bibliografia própria com referências
e ligações essenciais a informação relevante,
os pormenores completos dos recursos de
informação colhidos durante a compilação de
cada relatório sectorial, bem como as cópias
electrónicas da literatura (caso existam), foram
incluídos no sistema geral de gestão das fontes
de referência do Projecto ASCLME a fim de
permitir o acesso fácil a essa informação.
L’Etude des modes de vie côtiers (CLA), dont
l’objet est de rassembler des informations
sur les activités économiques se déroulant
dans les zones côtières de la région ASCLME,
s’est achevée. Les résultats de cet exercice
sont actuellement évalués par des experts de
l’Agence américaine d’observation océanique
et atmosphérique (NOAA).
Les informations recueillies au cours de cette
étude ont été compilées dans des rapports sur
les modes de vie côtiers dans chaque pays.
Ces rapports consistent en une présentation
détaillée, incluant les résumés des modes
de vie côtiers dans un pays donné, suivis des
rapports plus détaillés sur les secteurs dont ils
font l’objet, et représentant les contributions
originales des consultants nationaux et
régionaux. Les secteurs sont classés dans
l’ordre suivant : les pêches à petite échelle,
le tourisme, la mariculture, l’agriculture et
l’exploitation des forêts, l’énergie (pétrole, gaz
et biocombustibles), les ports et le transport
côtier, et l’exploitation minière côtière.
Chaque rapport de secteur inclut des sections
descriptives sur l’environnement biophysique,
l’environnement humain, la politique et la
gouvernance, la planification et la gestion, le
développement, le commerce et les projets
associés à ce secteur particulier. Ils incluent
chacun une analyse « SWOT » fournissant un
résumé des forces, faiblesses, opportunités et
menaces auxquelles un secteur donné se trouve
confronté. Les résultats des analyses SWOT
revêtent une importance particulière pour le
Programme d’action stratégique planifié se
rapportant au Projet ASCLME et au SWIOFP.
A l’heure actuelle, les rapports nationaux sont
étudiés par les représentants du projet dans
chaque pays et par des spécialistes recrutés
par la NOAA. En tant que partenaire travaillant
en étroite collaboration avec le Projet ASCLME,
la NOAA a généreusement accepté de fournir
cette révision indépendante afin de renforcer
davantage les résultats du projet. Une fois le
travail de révision achevé et les rapports validés
par toutes les parties prenantes, ils seront intégrés
à titre de chapitre indépendant sur les Modes de
vie côtiers dans les Analyses individuelles de
diagnostic de l’écosystème marin.
Pour pouvoir comparer entre les secteurs
économiques de la région, une présentation
régionale a également été préparée, basée sur
les rapports sectoriels nationaux détaillés. Si un
grand nombre des secteurs évalués présentent
des caractéristiques intrinsèques à des pays
particuliers, certains éléments se produisent
dans plusieurs pays et sont, en fait, très
similaires et, par conséquent, comparables.
Chaque aperçu régional traite des sept secteurs
séparément, chaque secteur étant divisé selon
les neuf pays participant au Projet ASCLME. De
la sorte, les similarités et les différences, par
exemple dans les pêches à petite échelle dans
la région, deviennent apparentes.
Enfin, si chaque rapport sectoriel dispose d’une
bibliographie contenant les références clés
et les liens aux informations pertinentes, les
détails des informations rassemblées au cours
de la préparation de chaque rapport sectoriel
et les copies électroniques des documents (si
celles-ci sont disponibles) ont été inclues dans
le système de gestion de référence général du
Projet ASCLME afin de permettre un accès aisé
à ces informations.
31
NEWS from SWIOFP
The sailor with nine lives
A marinheira com nove vidas
by Claire Attwood and Lorna Omondi Kyalo
por Claire Attwood e Lorna Omondi Kyalo
Teresa Athayde’s father wisely told her that it
wasn’t possible to do everything in life. So she
decided she’d have nine. Now into her third life
as a fisheries specialist, Teresa is working as
Ships Logistics Coordinator for SWIOFP.
Teresa describes the special relationship she
developed with the sea as she was growing
up on the Atlantic coast of Portugal:
“To me the sea represented – and still
represents – the origin, the unknown, the
adventure, the last frontier,” she says.
“My passion for the sea quickly gave birth to
a precise interest that has driven my career
through time: to see marine resources and
the marine environment sustainably and
ecologically managed through an ecosystem
and social approach for the use and benefit of
present and future generations.”
Recently appointed to the SWIOFP team as
Ships Logistics Coordinator, Teresa has thrown
her considerable energy and skills into meeting
this ideal.
Her task is to manage the lease and preparation
of research and commercial fishing vessels to
undertake SWIOFP surveys at sea. But her job
doesn’t end there; she is also responsible for
managing the SWIOFP survey and observer
programmes.
She sees her job as a tremendous challenge.
There are 30 surveys to be undertaken in piracy
afflicted areas; 2,500 days of observations to
be made by national observers in nine different
countries; and voluminous quantities of data to
check, archive and manage.
“The SWIOFP is a huge project that covers an
enormous geographical area and that has very
challenging objectives,” says Teresa.
a breathtaking variety of sea-going experience,
having worked as a whale watching guide
in the Azores (an archipelago off the coast
of Portugal), as a fisheries observer in the
Falkland Islands and, more recently, as Tag
Recovery Officer for the Regional Tuna
Tagging Project. This was an EU-funded project
managed by the Indian Ocean Commission,
and scientifically coordinated by the Indian
Ocean Tuna Commission (IOTC).
Asked what she likes about working in the
western Indian Ocean, Teresa replies that this
is considered an unexplored region, with much
to learn and discover.
“In this region local fisheries and the marine
environment are of vital importance to the
welfare of coastal communities and maritime
countries,” she says.
“Here you feel that your work can still
have an impact on decision-makers and
contribute towards the sustainable and
ecological management of coastal and oceanic
fisheries.”
So where do the nine lives come in?
Teresa’s personal goal is to live many lives!
She says her first life was in Portugal as
“dreamer child”, her second life was at sea as
a sailor and her third life is now as a fisheries
consultant. Her hopes for future lives include a
dream to be a mum, an adventurer, the owner
of an ecotourism business, a grandmother, a
dream seller (telling stories to children) and
a last life as a transition between here and
somewhere else:
“With a smile on my lips and sweet memories
on my mind. Enxala!”
“These objectives can only be met through the
commitment and dedication of each individual
involved in this project.”
She explains that her success is, to a large
extent, dependent on the good will, interest
and capacity of each of the nine countries
participating in the SWIOFP.
O pai de Teresa Athayde disse-lhe
sensatamente que não era possível fazer-se
tudo na vida. Foi por isso que ela decidiu ter
nove vidas. Actualmente na sua terceira vida
como especialista de pescas, Teresa trabalha
como Coordenadora de Logística de Navios
para o Projecto de Pescas do Sudoeste do
Oceano Índico (SWIOFP, na sigla inglesa).
Teresa descreveu-nos a relação especial que
estabeleceu com o mar enquanto crescia na
costa atlântica de Portugal:
“Para mim, o mar representava – e representa
ainda – a origem, o desconhecido, a aventura,
a derradeira fronteira,” diz.
“A minha paixão pelo mar rapidamente
deu origem a um interesse específico que
tem orientado a minha carreira: assistir à
gestão sustentável e ecológica dos recursos
e do ambiente marinhos, através de uma
abordagem ecossistémica e social, para uso e
benefício das gerações actuais e futuras.”
Nomeada recentemente para a equipa do
SWIOFP como Coordenadora de Logística
de Navios, Teresa tem dedicado a sua
considerável energia e competências para
atingir este ideal.
A sua tarefa consiste em gerir o aluguer e a
preparação de navios de pesca comercial e de
investigação a fim de efectuar levantamentos
no mar no âmbito do projecto SWIOFP. Mas o
seu trabalho não termina aí; Teresa também
é responsável pela gestão dos programas de
levantamentos e de observação do SWIOFP.
Teresa vê o seu trabalho como um enorme
desafio. É preciso efectuarem-se 30
levantamentos em zonas assoladas por piratas;
2500 dias de observações que deverão ser
levadas a cabo por observadores nacionais em
nove países diferentes; e ainda verificaremse, arquivarem-se e gerirem-se imensas
quantidades de dados.
“O SWIOFP é um projecto colossal que abrange
uma vasta extensão territorial e que tem
objectivos muito ambiciosos,” declara Teresa.
“The challenge is to be able to work as a team
to meet common goals,” she says.
“Estes objectivos apenas podem ser
alcançados através do empenho e dedicação
de cada indivíduo envolvido no projecto.”
Teresa is amply prepared to meet these
challenges. Not only does she have a degree
in Marine Biology and Fisheries from the
University of Algarve in Portugal, she also has
Explica ainda que o seu êxito está dependente,
em larga medida, da boa vontade, do interesse
e da capacidade de cada um dos nove países
que participam no SWIOFP.
“O desafio consiste em trabalhar em equipa
para atingir objectivos comuns,” acrescenta.
32
VOL 1 ISSUE 2 2011
Le marin aux neuf vies
par Claire Attwood et Lorna Omondi Kyalo
Teresa está plenamente preparada para
responder a estes desafios. Não só é
licenciada em Biologia Marinha e Pescas
pela Universidade do Algarve, em Portugal,
mas também possui uma impressionante
experiência no mar, tendo trabalhado como
guia de observação de baleias nos Açores (um
arquipélago ao largo da costa portuguesa),
como observadora de pesca nas Ilhas Falkland
e, mais recentemente, como Funcionária
responsável pela Recuperação das Marcas
de Identificação do Projecto Regional de
Marcação do Atum. Tratava-se de um projecto
financiado pela UE e gerido pela Comissão do
Oceano Índico, e sob coordenação científica da
Comissão do Atum do Oceano Índico (IOTC).
Quando lhe perguntam o que é que gosta neste
seu novo trabalho na região Oeste do Oceano
Índico, Teresa responde que esta é uma região
inexplorada, que muito tem para oferecer em
termos de aprendizagem e descoberta.
“Nesta região, as pescas locais e o ambiente
marinho assumem uma importância crucial
para o bem-estar das comunidades costeiras
e dos países ribeirinhos,” diz.
“Aqui sentimos que o nosso trabalho ainda
pode ter um impacto nos decisores e contribuir
para a gestão sustentável e ecológica das
pescas costeiras e oceânicas.”
Então de onde é que vêm as suas nove vidas?
O objectivo pessoal de Teresa consiste em
viver muitas vidas! Segundo ela, a sua primeira
vida aconteceu em Portugal como “criança
sonhadora”, a sua segunda vida ocorreu no
mar como marinheira e a sua terceira vida é
vivida agora como consultora de pescas. Para
as suas vidas futuras, tem o sonho de vir a ser
mãe, aventureira, proprietária de uma empresa
voltada para o ecoturismo, avó, “vendedora
de sonhos” (contando histórias a crianças) e
por fim, numa última vida, ficar num ponto de
transição entre o aqui e outro lugar qualquer:
“Com um sorriso nos lábios e doces memórias
na mente. Oxalá!”
Teresa shares her experience as a fisheries observer
with trainees from the western Indian Ocean region.
Le père de Teresa Athayde lui a sagement dit
qu’il était impossible de tout faire en une vie.
Elle a alors décidé d’en avoir neuf. Désormais
dans sa troisième vie, en tant que spécialiste
des pêches, Teresa travaille en tant que
coordinatrice de la logistique des bateaux pour
le SWIOFP.
Teresa décrit la relation particulière qu’elle a
développée avec la mer au cours de son enfance
passée sur la côte atlantique du Portugal :
« Pour moi, la mer représentait – et représente
toujours – l’origine, l’inconnu, l’aventure, la
dernière frontière », déclare-t-elle.
« Ma passion pour la mer a rapidement donné
naissance à un intérêt précis qui a guidé ma
carrière au fil du temps : voir les ressources
marines et l’environnement marin gérés de
manière durable et écologique par le biais
d’une approche écosystémique et sociale
pour que les générations actuelles et futures
puissent les utiliser et en bénéficier.
Récemment recrutée au sein de l’équipe SWIOFP
au poste de coordinatrice de la logistique des
bateaux, Teresa a mis toute son énergie et ses
compétences au service de cet idéal.
Sa tâche est de gérer la location et la
préparation de navires de recherche et de
pêche commerciale pour procéder aux études
en mer du SWIOFP. Mais son travail ne s’arrête
pas là, elle est également chargée de gérer les
programmes d’étude et d’observateurs du
SWIOFP.
Elle considère son travail comme un défi
formidable. Trente études doivent être réalisées
dans des zones affectées par la piraterie, 2500
jours d’observations doivent être réalisés par
les observateurs nationaux dans neuf pays
différents, et des quantités considérables de
données doivent être vérifiées, archivées et
gérées.
« Le SWIOFP est un immense projet qui
couvre une zone géographique énorme
et compte des objectifs particulièrement
délicats », déclare Teresa.
« Ces objectifs ne peuvent être atteints
qu’avec l’engagement et le dévouement de
chaque personne impliquée dans ce projet ».
Elle explique que son succès dépend, dans
une large mesure, de la bonne volonté, de
l’intérêt et de la capacité de chacun des neuf
pays participant au SWIOFP.
« Le défi consiste à pouvoir travailler en
tant qu’équipe pour atteindre des objectifs
communs », déclare-t-elle.
Teresa est parfaitement préparée pour faire
face à ces défis. Elle est non seulement
titulaire d’un diplôme en Biologie marine et
pêches obtenu à l’Université d’Algarve, au
Portugal, mais dispose également d’une
époustouflante série d’expériences en mer,
ayant travaillé en tant que guide d’observation
des baleines dans les Açores (un archipel
situé au large de la côte du Portugal), en
tant qu’observateur des pêches dans les îles
Malouines et, plus récemment, en tant que
responsable de la récupération des étiquettes
pour le Projet régional de marquage des
thons. Ce dernier projet, financé par l’UE, était
géré par la Commission de l’Océan Indien, et
scientifiquement coordonné par la Commission
des thons de l’Océan Indien (IOTC).
A la question de savoir si elle aime travailler
dans l’Océan Indien occidental, Teresa répond
que cette région est largement considérée
comme sous-explorée, sur laquelle il reste
encore beaucoup à apprendre et à découvrir
« Dans cette région, les pêches et
l’environnement marin local sont d’une
importance vitale pour le bien-être des
communautés côtières et des pays riverains »,
déclare-t-elle.
« Ici, vous avez l’impression que votre travail
peut encore avoir un impact sur les décideurs
et contribuer à la gestion durable et écologique
des pêches côtières et océaniques ».
Et qu’en est-il des neuf vies ?
L’objectif personnel de Teresa est de vivre
autant de vies que possible ! Selon elle, sa
première vie était son enfance au Portugal,
celle d’une « enfant rêveuse », sa deuxième
vie était sa vie en mer, et sa troisième vie, sa
vie actuelle, en tant que consultante sur les
pêches. Pour le futur, elle rêve également
d’être mère, aventurière, propriétaire d’une
entreprise
d’écotourisme,
grand-mère,
vendeuse de rêve (pour raconter des histoires
aux enfants) et, pour sa dernière vie, une
transition entre ici et ailleurs :
« Avec un sourire sur les lèvres et des
mémoires douces à l’esprit. Enxala ! »
33
News from the ASCLME
Seagrass surveys validate satellite data
Estudos dos sargaçais validam da
Surveys of seagrass habitat off Ibo Island in
Mozambique and in the vicinity of Mkoani on
Pemba Island, Tanzania, were completed in
2010 as part of the ASCLME Project’s critical
habitats assessment.
However, sufficient field notes and
photographs were compiled in both survey
areas. These will be used in the classification
of Landsat images for the regional seagrass
mapping exercise.
Estudos de habitats de sargaços ao largo da Ilha
de Ibo em Moçambique e nas proximidades de
Mkoani na Ilha de Pemba, na Tanzânia, foram
finalizados em 2010 como parte das avaliações
de habitats críticos do Projecto ASCLME.
The ASCLME Project has partnered with
the French Institut de Recherche pour le
Développement (IRD) to map the distribution,
extent and complexity of estuaries, mangroves
and seagrass beds in the ASCLME region.
Although most of the work is conducted by
processing and interpreting high resolution
satellite imagery, field surveys are necessary
in areas where it is difficult to distinguish
seagrass habitat from other habitats, or in
areas where coastal waters are very deep
or turbid. Mkoani and Ibo Island are areas of
complex seagrass and mixed habitat.
The objective of the critical habitats assessment
is to use the existing Millennium Coral Reef
Mapping Project (MCRMP) products for the
western Indian Ocean and produce high
resolution maps of estuaries, mangroves and
seagrass beds. These habitats are critical for
the functioning of healthy marine and coastal
ecosystems, the goods and services they
provide and, therefore, the economic stability
of the western Indian Ocean region.
O Projecto ASCLME estabeleceu uma
parceria com o Institut de Recherche pour
le Développement (IRD), na França, a fim de
mapear a distribuição, extensão e complexidade
dos estuários, mangais e leitos de sargaços
na região do ASCLME. Embora a maior
parte do trabalho seja realizado através do
processamento e interpretação de imagens de
satélite de alta resolução, torna-se necessário
realizar estudos no terreno em locais onde
é difícil diferenciar os habitats do sargaço de
outros habitats, ou em áreas onde as águas
costeiras são muito profundas ou turvas.
Mkoani e a Ilha de Ibo são áreas complexas em
termos de pradarias de ervas marinhas e de
habitats mistos.
Lucy Scott, Data and Information Coordinator
for the ASCLME Project undertook the field
surveys, working with Dr Amelia Buriyo of the
University of Dar es Salaam in the vicinity of
Mkoani; and with Francisco Alberto Gemmo
of the Eduardo Mondlane University at Ibo
Island.
Over the course of six days, 84 sites in the
vicinity of Mkoani were visited, photographed
and mapped using a hand-held GPS. A further
80 sites on Ibo Island were surveyed over four
days.
On Ibo Island, a large tidal range and strong
currents in shallow creeks and channels
made the survey very difficult. Suspended
sediment, detritus from mangrove and
seagrass beds, fine silt and tannins in the
water also complicated matters because they
reduced visibility at times.
The maps will be suitable for spatial planning
and long-term monitoring, as Lucy Scott
explains:
“The mapping activity is not just a scientific
assessment, it has clear follow-through to
management actions,” said Ms Scott.
“One of the ASCLME Project’s goals is to
provide a high definition baseline of mangrove
forests, seagrass beds and coral reefs. ”
Once complete, maps of critical habitats
will be incorporated into the national Marine
Ecosystem Diagnostic Analysis (MEDA)
reports. These will reflect the threats to critical
habitats and the management strategies
that are in place to conserve them. This
information will, in turn, feed into the regional
Transboundary Diagnostic Analysis.
Coube a Lucy Scott, Coordenadora de Dados
e Informação do Projecto ASCLME, realizar os
estudos no terreno, tendo trabalhado com a
Drª Amelia Buriyo da Universidade de Dar es
Salaam nas áreas adjacentes a Mkoani, e com
Francisco Alberto Gemmo da Universidade
Eduardo Mondlane na Ilha de Ibo.
Durante seis dias, as duas pesquisadoras
visitaram, fotografaram e mapearam 84 locais
nas proximidades de Mkoani, usando um
sistema de GPS portátil. Na Ilha de Ibo, foram
estudados 80 locais durante quatro dias.
Os estudos na Ilha de Ibo enfrentaram
dificuldades devido à grande amplitude das
marés e correntes fortes nas enseadas rasas e
nos canais. Sedimento em suspensão, detritos
ASCLME Project increases access to WIO literature
The ASCLME Project has assembled a
significant collection of literature about
the marine and coastal environment of the
western Indian Ocean. There are currently
6,236 references in the ASCLME Project’s
Endnote bibliography.
Included in the bibiliography are published
articles, technical reports, working papers,
conference proceedings, theses and
valuable “grey” literature on the marine
and coastal environment of the ASCLME
region. (Grey literature is information which
has not been published or which, although
published, cannot be readily accessed
through traditional sources such as journals
or books.)
According to Lucy Scott, Data and
Information Coordinator for the ASCLME
Project, a process is underway to ensure that
34
the full bibliography is made available online
via Oceandocs, an electronic repository
of marine-related publications supported
by the Intergovernmental Oceanographic
Commission (IOC) to collect, preserve
and facilitate access to research output
from members of their Ocean Data and
Information Networks (ODINs).
“The countries have put together one of
the biggest project-based collections of
literature in the region and the ASCLME
Project is keen to ensure that this information
remains accessible to as wide a community
of stakeholders as possible,” said Ms Scott.
The ability to access relevant information
quickly and easily is considered necessary
for the implementation of research and
management activities and the lodging
of ASCLME reference material on the
VOL 1 ISSUE 2 2011
Oceandocs portal is seen as a significant
benefit for the countries of the region. The
DLIST document library (http://www.dlistasclme.org/document-library) also contains
a wide range of downloadable documents,
such as scientific publications, government
reports, newspaper articles and other
documents.
Visit www.oceandocs.net
Endnote is a computerised reference
management system. Endnote software
was purchased by the ASCLME Project
and distributed to the Data and Information
Coordinators who were responsible for
compiling the MEDA reports. The software
enabled the D&I Coordinators to easily
reference the information collated in the
MEDAs.
E Project
dos de satélites
dos mangais e dos leitos de sargaço, limo fino
e taninos presentes na água complicaram a
situação pois reduziram, nalguns casos, a
visibilidade.
Apesar de tudo, foram compiladas notas de
terreno e um número suficiente de fotografias
nas duas áreas de estudo, as quais serão usadas
na classificação das imagens do Landsat para
mapeamento dos sargaçais da região.
A avaliação dos habitats críticos tem por
objectivo usar os produtos do actual Projecto do
Milénio para o Mapeamento de Recifes de Coral
(MCRMP) relativos à região ocidental do Oceano
Índico e preparar mapas de alta resolução dos
estuários, mangais e leitos de sargaços. Estes
habitats são críticos para o funcionamento de
ecossistemas marinhos e costeiros saudáveis,
dos bens e serviços que oferecem e, por isso,
da estabilidade económica da região ocidental
do Oceano Índico.
Os mapas serão adequados para o planeamento
espacial e monitorização a longo prazo, como
explica Lucy Scott:
“A actividade de mapeamento não é apenas
uma avaliação científica, sendo um veículo
essencial para a realização das acções de
gestão ,” afirmou Scott.
“Uma das metas do Projecto ASCLME é criar
uma base de referência de alta definição das
florestas de mangais, dos leitos de sargaços e
dos recifes de corais.”
Uma vez completos, os mapas dos habitats
críticos serão incorporados nas Análises
Diagnósticas dos Ecossistemas Marinhos (os
relatórios MEDA). Estes relatórios identificarão
as ameaças que os habitats críticos enfrentam
e as estratégias de gestão existentes para os
proteger e conservar. Esta informação, por seu
lado, irá contribuir para a Análise Diagnóstica
Transfronteiriça a nível regional.
Les études sur les prairies sous-marines valident les données satellitaires
Les études réalisées sur l’habitat des prairies
sous-marines au large de l’île d’Ibo, au
Mozambique, et dans les environs de Mkoani,
sur l’île de Pemba, en Tanzanie, ont été
réalisées en 2010, dans le cadre de l’étude
sur les habitats critiques du Projet ASCLME.
Mais des notes de terrain et des photographies
suffisantes ont été préparées dans les deux
zones d’étude. Celles-ci seront utilisées
dans la classification des images Landsat
pour l’exercice de cartographie régionale des
prairies sous-marines.
Il s’agit d’un partenariat entre le Projet
ASCLME et l’Institut de Recherche pour
le Développement (IRD) français afin de
cartographier la distribution, l’ampleur et la
complexité des estuaires, des mangroves et
des bancs d’algues dans la région ASCLME.
Bien que la majorité du travail ait été réalisée
en traitant et en interprétant des images
satellite à haute résolution, des études de
terrain sont nécessaires dans les zones où il
est difficile de distinguer l’habitat de prairies
sous-marines des autres formes d’habitat,
ou dans les zones où les eaux côtières sont
très profondes ou troubles. Mkoani et l’île
d’Ibo sont des zones d’habitat de prairie sousmarine et mixte complexe.
L’objectif de l’étude des habitats critiques est
d’utiliser les produits du Projet de cartographie
des récifs coralliens pour le millénaire
(MCRMP) pour l’Océan Indien occidental et
de produire des cartes à haute résolution des
estuaires, des mangroves et des lits de prairie
sous-marine. Ces habitats sont considérés
comme essentiels au fonctionnement
d’écosystèmes marins et côtiers sains, pour
les produits et services qu’ils procurent, et
donc la stabilité économique de la région de
l’Océan Indien occidental.
Lucy Scott, coordinatrice des données et
de l’information pour le Projet ASCLME a
entrepris les études de terrain, en travaillant
aux côtés du Dr. Amelia Buriyo, de l’Université
de Dar-Es-Salaam, pour les environs de
Mkoani, et avec Francisco Alberto Gemmo, de
l’Université Eduardo Mondlane, à l’île d’Ibo.
Pendant six jours, 84 sites situés dans
les environs de Mkoani ont été visités,
photographiés et cartographiés à l’aide d’un
GPS portable. 80 sites supplémentaires ont
été étudiés sur une période de quatre jours
à l’île d’Ibo.
A l’île d’Ibo, la grande amplitude de la marée
et les forts courants dans les criques et les
chenaux peu profonds, ont rendu l’étude très
difficile. Les sédiments en suspension, les
détritus produits par la mangrove et les lits de
prairies sous-marines, la vase fine et les tanins
présents dans l’eau ont également parfois
compliqué les choses en réduisant la visibilité.
Les cartes pourront être utilisées dans la
planification spatiale et le contrôle à long
terme, comme l’explique Lucy Scott :
« L’activité de cartographie n’est pas une
simple étude scientifique, elle est associée à
des actions de suivi et de gestion claires », a
déclaré Mlle Scott.
« L’un des objectifs du Projet ASCLME est de
fournir une base haute définition des forêts de
mangrove, des lits de prairies sous-marines et
des récifs coralliens ».
Une fois terminées, les cartes des habitats
critiques seront intégrées aux Analyses de
diagnostic de l’écosystème marin nationales
(rapports d’ADEM). Ceux-ci reflèteront les
menaces auxquelles les habitats critiques
font face et les stratégies de gestion en place
pour les conserver. Ces informations seront à
leur tour intégrées à l’Analyse transfrontalière
du diagnostic.
35
News from SWIOFP
Mauritius tagging experiment a SWIOFP first
by Lorna Omondi Kyalo
The west coast of Mauritius was the location
for the first tagging experiments conducted
under the auspices of the South West Indian
Ocean Fisheries Project (SWIOFP).
The experiments were conducted from the
Mastral, belonging to the Fisheries Training
Centre by three scientists from the Institute of
Research for Development (IRD): Marc Sori,
Fabien Forget and Laurent Dagorn. They were
funded by the French Global Environmental
Facility (Fonds Français pour l’Environnement
Mondial - FFEM) and assisted by 17 fisheries
officers and technical staff from Fisheries
Training and Extension Centre (FiTEC) and
Albion Fisheries Research Centre (AFRC).
The tasks of the researchers were two-fold:
to deploy listening equipment (technically
referred to as VR2) on fish aggregating
devices (FADs) and thereafter, to capture and
tag fish with acoustic transmitters.
The two main objectives of the experiments
were achieved. Firstly, the scientists managed
to place listening equipment on nine FADs on
the west coast of Mauritius and secondly, they
succeeded in tagging 56 fishes (mostly tuna).
But above all, this collaborative and multiinstitutional research enabled the transfer of
expertise from the professionals of IRD to
the local staff as well as mutual exchange of
knowledge and experience among members
of the two teams.
The equipment deployed was expected to
start generating retrievable data after one
month.
The next tagging experiments are scheduled
to take place in June 2011 and will be
conducted predominantly by local scientific
staff from Mauritius, with assistance from an
expert supported by FFEM.
A young yellowfin tuna is scooped out of the water and brought on board the fishing boat before being tagged
and released.
36
VOL 1 ISSUE 2 2011
Experiências de marcação nas Ma
do género para o SWIOFP por Lorna
A costa ocidental das Maurícias foi o local
onde se realizaram as primeiras experiências
de marcação levadas a cabo sob os auspícios
do Projecto de Pescas do Sudoeste do Oceano
Índico (SWIOFP).
As experiências foram efectuadas a partir do
Mastral, pertencente ao Centro de Formação
Pesqueira, por três cientistas do Instituto de
Investigação para o Desenvolvimento (IRD):
Marc Sori, Fabien Forget e Laurent Dagorn.
Os cientistas foram financiados pelo Fundo
Francês para o Meio Ambiente Mundial
(Fonds Français pour l’Environnement
Mondial - FFEM) e contaram com a ajuda de
17 funcionários das pescas e pessoal técnico
do Centro de Formação e Extensão Pesqueira
(FiTEC) e do Centro de Pesquisa Pesqueira
Albion (AFRC).
As tarefas dos investigadores tinham um duplo
objectivo: instalar equipamento de escuta
(denominado VR2 em linguagem técnica) sobre
dispositivos de concentração de peixes (FAD,
na sigla inglesa) e, subsequentemente, capturar
e marcar peixes com transmissores acústicos.
Surgical equipment is used to insert acoustic
transmitters into fish.
urícias constitui o primeiro evento
Omondi Kyalo
Foram alcançados os dois principais
objectivos das experiências. Em primeiro
lugar, os cientistas conseguiram colocar
equipamento de escuta em nove dispositivos
de concentração de peixes na costa ocidental
das Maurícias e, em segundo lugar, lograram
identificar 56 peixes (principalmente atum).
Mas, acima de tudo, esta investigação
colaborativa e multi-institucional permitiu
a
transferência
de
conhecimentos
especializados dos profissionais do IRD para
o pessoal local, e ainda o mútuo intercâmbio
de conhecimentos e experiência entre os
membros das duas equipas.
Prevê-se que o equipamento instalado comece
a gerar informação recuperável decorrido um
mês.
L’expérience de marquage entreprise à Maurice est une première
pour le SWIOFP par Lorna Omondi Kyalo
La côte ouest de l’île Maurice a été la scène
des premières expériences de marquage
réalisées sous les auspices du Projet de pêche
du Sud-ouest de l’Océan Indien (SWIOFP).
Les expériences ont été réalisées depuis le
Mastral, un navire qui appartient au Centre
de formation sur les pêches, par trois
chercheurs de l’Institut de recherche pour
le développement (IRD), Marc Sori, Fabien
Forget et Laurent Dagorn. Financées par le
Fonds Français pour l’Environnement Mondial
(FFEM), ces expériences ont bénéficié de
l’assistance de 17 responsables et personnel
technique des pêches, issus du Centre de
formation et de vulgarisation des pêches
(FiTEC) et du Centre de recherche sur les
pêches d’Albion (AFRC).
As próximas experiências de marcação estão
agendadas para Junho de 2011 e serão levadas
a cabo predominantemente por pessoal
científico das Maurícias, com o apoio de um
perito patrocinado pelo FFEM.
La tâche incombant aux chercheurs était
double : déployer un matériel d’écoute (que
l’on appelle techniquement VR2) sur des
dispositifs de concentration de poissons
(DCP), puis capturer et marquer le poisson
avec des transmetteurs acoustiques.
Laurent Dagorn, a Senior Scientist with the IRD, tags
a yellowfin tuna.
Fishing off the west coast of Mauritius.
Les deux principaux objectifs de ces
expériences ont été atteints. Tout d’abord, les
chercheurs sont parvenus à placer un matériel
d’écoute sur neuf DCP sur la côte ouest de
Maurice, et ont ensuite réussi à marquer 56
poissons (des thons pour l’essentiel). Mais
par-dessus tout, cette étude collaborative
et entreprise en partenariat entre plusieurs
institutions a permis de procéder à un transfert
d’expertise entre les chercheurs de l’IRD et le
personnel local, ainsi qu’à un échange mutuel
de connaissances et d’expérience entre les
membres des deux équipes.
L’équipement déployé devrait commencer
à générer des données accessibles au bout
d’un mois.
Les prochaines expériences de marquage
devraient se dérouler en juin 2011 et
seront essentiellement exécutées par des
chercheurs locaux venus de Maurice, avec
l’aide d’un expert financé par le FFEM.
37
News from ACEP
The African Coelacanth Ecosystem Programme
Programa Africano do Ecossistem
by Tommy Bornman
por Tommy Bornman
The African Coelacanth Ecosystem Programme
(ACEP) is a flagship programme of the South
African Institute for Aquatic Biodiversity (SAIAB).
It is funded by South Africa’s Department of
Science and Technology (DST) and is a joint
project of the DST and the departments of
Agriculture, Forestry and Fisheries (DAFF) and
Environmental Affairs (DEA). South Africa’s
National Research Foundation (NRF) is the
implementing agency.
Research programmes
The ACEP programme, in conjunction with
the NRF has managed, and continues to
manage, a wide range of multi-institutional
multi-disciplinary studies, including genetics;
conservation; education; oceanography; paleoclimates; biodiversity; and deep-water research.
Together these projects involve 25 researchers
and 45 students.
Now in its second phase, ACEP was one
of the first multi-disciplinary, multi-national
research programmes to conduct extensive
ecosystem-based research in the western
Indian Ocean. A five-year second phase of
ACEP (ACEP II) was initiated in 2007. ACEP
II represents South Africa’s contribution to
the Agulhas and Somali Current Large Marine
Ecosystems (ASCLME) Project.
O Programa Africano do Ecossistema do
Celacanto (ACEP na sigla em Inglês) é um
programa emblemático do Instituto Sul-africano
para a Biodiversidade Aquática (SAIAB),
financiado pelo Departamento para a Ciência
e Tecnologia (DST) da África do Sul, sendo um
projecto conjunto do DST e dos departamentos
da Agricultura, Silvicultura e Pescas (DAFF) e
do Meio Ambiente (DEA). A fundação nacional
para a investigação da África do Sul (a “National
Research Foundation”, conhecida pela sigla
NRF) é a agência de implementação.
Key achievements
Research conducted under the banner of
ACEP II has been wide-ranging, covering
everything from nanoplankton and genetics
to large-scale oceanographic features. The
research has been undertaken by no less than
15 institutions, including six South African
universities, the Council for Scientific and
Industrial Research (CSIR), SAIAB, the South
African Earth Observation Network (SAEON),
the Oceanographic Research Institute (ORI),
the ASCLME Project, DAFF, DEA and the
Bayworld Centre for Research and Education.
ACEP II has promoted unparalleled interorganisational collaboration.
The research output of ACEP has been good
and is expected to increase as the programme
draws to a close. A total of 74 peer-reviewed
papers are expected, with 26 already
published, 11 papers submitted and another
37 in preparation.
The ACEP II programme has successfully
planned and executed a number of multidisciplinary and multi-institutional research
cruises in the South West Indian Ocean and
ACEP has coordinated research cruises for
the ASCLME Project. To date, 19 cruises
have been successfully completed and a
further two are planned. This has resulted
in unprecedented opportunities for South
African scientists to participate in international
research cruises. Most notably, two South
African scientists participated in a pioneering
survey of the seamounts of the Indian Ocean
which was carried out on the research ship
Dr Fridtjof Nansen last year. Recently, SAIAB,
hosted a nine-day workshop to identify the
biological specimens collected during the
seamounts cruise. See page 46.
A map of the western Indian Ocean showing the environmental stations sampled between 2008 and April 2011.
38
VOL 1 ISSUE 2 2011
a do Celacanto
Le Programme africain sur l’écosystème du coelacanthe
par Tommy Bornman
Agora na sua segunda fase, o ACEP foi um
dos primeiros programas de investigação
multidisciplinares
e
multi-nacionais
a
desenvolver actividades de investigação
exaustiva em torno dos ecossistemas no
Oceano Índico ocidental. Em 2007 foi iniciada
a segunda fase do ACEP (o ACEP II), com
duração prevista para cinco anos. O ACEP
II representa a contribuição da África do Sul
para o Projecto dos Grandes Ecossistemas
Marinhos das Correntes das Agulhas e da
Somália (ASCLME).
Principais conquistas
A investigação realizada sob os auspícios
do ACEP II foi muito abrangente, tendo
coberto desde nanoplâncton e genética a
características oceanográficas de grande escala.
A investigação foi realizada por 15 diferentes
instituições, incluindo seis universidades sulafricanas, o Conselho para a Investigação
Científica e Industrial da África do Sul (CSIR, na
sigla inglesa), o SAIAB, a Rede Sul-Africana de
Observação do Ambiente (SAEON), o Instituto
de Observação Oceanográfica (ORI), o Projecto
ASCLME, o DAFF, o DEA, bem como o Centro
Bayworld para a Investigação e Educação.
O ACEP II promoveu uma colaboração sem
precedentes entre organizações.
A investigação foi produtiva e espera-se que os
resultados cresçam durante a última fase do
programa. Com efeito, estamos a contar com
74 artigos analisados pelos pares, dos quais 26
já foram publicados, 11 já foram submetidos
para publicação e 37 estão em preparação.
O programa ACEP II foi responsável pelo
planeamento e realização, com sucesso,
de
vários
cruzeiros
de
investigação
multidisciplinares e multi-institucionais na
região sudoeste do Oceano Índico e o ACEP
coordenou cruzeiros de investigação para o
Projecto ASCLME. Até à data, foram realizados
19 cruzeiros com sucesso, devendo ainda
virem a realizar-se mais dois. Este trabalho
deu aos cientistas sul-africanos a oportunidade
de participar em cruzeiros internacionais
para investigação, o que nunca antes tinha
Le Programme africain sur l’écosystème du
coelacanthe (ACEP) est un programme phare de
l’Institut sud-africain sur la biodiversité aquatique
(SAIAB). Financé par le ministère des Sciences
et technologies (DST) sud-africain, il s’agit d’un
projet conjoint du DST et des ministères de
l’Agriculture, des forêts et des pêches (DAFF)
et des Affaires environnementales (DEA). La
Fondation nationale pour la recherche (NRF)
sud-africaine tient le rôle d’agence de mise en
oeuvre.
Désormais dans sa deuxième phase, l’ACEP a
été l’un des premiers programmes de recherche
multidisciplinaire et multinational à réaliser
des études écosystémiques extensives dans
l’Océan Indien occidental. La deuxième phase
de cinq ans (ACEP II) a été initiée en 2007.
L’ACEP II représente la contribution de l’Afrique
du Sud au Projet des grands écosystèmes
marins des courants d’Agulhas et de Somalie
(ASCLME).
Principaux accomplissements
Les études réalisées sous l’étendard de l’ACEP
II ont été relativement diverses, couvrant
des sujets aussi variés que le nanoplancton
et la génétique ou les caractéristiques
océanographiques à grande échelle. Pas moins
de 15 institutions ont pris part à ces recherches,
six universités sud-africaines, le Conseil pour la
recherche scientifique et industrielle (CSIR), le
SAIAB, le Réseau sud-africain d’observation
de la terre (SAEON), l’Institut de recherche
océanographique (ORI), le Projet ASCLME, le
DAFF, le DEA et le Centre pour la recherche et
l’éducation de Bayworld. L’ACEP II a favorisé
une collaboration inter organisationnelle
inégalée.
Les résultats de recherche obtenus par
l’ACEP se sont avérés excellents et devraient
augmenter à mesure que le programme touche
à sa fin. Au total, 74 articles révisés par des
experts sont attendus, 26 étant déjà publiés, 11
articles ayant été soumis, 37 restant en cours
de préparation.
Le programme ACEP II a planifié et exécuté
avec succès plusieurs croisières de recherche
multidisciplinaires et multi-institutionnelles dans
l’Océan Indien du Sud-ouest, et l’ACEP a assuré
la coordination des croisières de recherche
pour le Projet ASCLME. A ce jour, 19 croisières
ont été menées à bien et deux croisières
supplémentaires sont prévues. Ceci a donné
aux chercheurs sud-africains des opportunités
sans précédent de participer à des croisières
de recherche internationales. Deux chercheurs
sud-africains ont notamment participé à une
étude pionnière des monts sous-marins de
l’Océan Indien, réalisée l’année dernière à bord
du navire de recherche Dr Fridtjof Nansen. Le
SAIAB a récemment organisé un atelier de
neuf jours visant à identifier les spécimens
biologiques collectés au cours de la croisière
sur les monts sous-marins. Voir page 47.
Programmes scientifiques
Le
programme
ACEP,
conjointement
avec la NRF, a géré, et continue à gérer
une importante gamme d’études multiinstitutionnelles et pluridisciplinaires, dont
nous citerons notamment la génétique, la
conservation, l’éducation, l’océanographie, les
paléoclimats, la biodiversité et la recherche en
eaux profondes.
Ensemble, ces projets font intervenir 25
chercheurs et 45 étudiants.
L’une des principales réussites de l’ACEP est
le nombre d’étudiants financés et formés
par le biais du programme. Au total, 45
étudiants financés par l’ACEP sont inscrits
pour poursuivre des études supérieures et
la composante bourse du programme a été
parfaitement réalisée.
Des financements
ont été proposés aux étudiants inscrits aux
formations suivantes :
Licence de technologie 3
Maîtrise scientifique 11
Master scientifique 17
Doctorat 6
Post-doctorat 8
Les efforts de l’ACEP visant à travailler de
manière constructive avec plusieurs ministères
du gouvernement ont également été couronnés
de succès. Pour ce faire, le programme s’est
assuré les ressources et la bonne volonté
permettant aux chercheurs spécialisés dans
les sciences marines et issus de plusieurs
agences et universités d’entreprendre des
études pluridisciplinaires. Par exemple, le
DST (par l’intermédiaire de la NRF) a assuré
le financement de l’achat et de la mise en
place de l’uKwabelana, la plateforme de
recherche, pendant qu’un certain nombre de
croisières ACEP se sont déroulées à bord du
navire de recherche du DAFF, l’Algoa. Le DEA
a fourni l’équipement et le support technique
nécessaires aux études océanographiques.
Lancé en 2009, le navire de recherche
uKwabelana a déjà bien été utilisé, cinq
programmes
de
recherche
l’utilisant.
L’Ukwabelana transporte à son bord un
véhicule télépiloté et sept pilotes ont été
formés à l’utilisation de cet instrument sousmarin. Jusqu’à présent, le véhicule télépiloté a
Learners boarding the vessel for Leg 1 from Cape
Town to Mossel Bay.
39
News from ACEP
One of the major successes of ACEP has been
the number of students that have been funded
and trained through the programme. In total,
45 ACEP-funded students are registered for
higher degrees or diplomas and the bursary
component of the programme has been fully
taken up. Funding has been provided for the
following students:
B Tech 3
17
PhD 6
What the future holds
ACEP II will draw to a close in March 2012
and planning is underway to secure funding
and support for the continuation of the
programme. A similar model to ACEP II is
envisaged and the following proposals will be
made:
BSc Honours 11
MSc ACEP, ASCLME and DAFF sponsored the
sea time on the vessel so as to enable these
learners to deploy the drifters their schools
had “adopted”. The schools are able to follow
the track of the drifter as it floats with the
ocean currents, collecting valuable data on
ocean circulation.
Postdoctoral 8
ACEP has also been successful in its efforts
to work constructively with a number of
government departments. In so doing it has
harnessed resources and goodwill, thereby
helping marine scientists from several
agencies and universities to undertake multidisciplinary research. For example, DST (via
the NRF), provided funding for the purchase
and establishment of the research platform,
uKwabelana, while a number of ACEP cruises
have taken place on the DAFF research vessel
Algoa. DEA has provided equipment and
technical support for oceanographic studies.
Launched in 2009, the 13m research ski-boat
uKwabelana has already been well used, with
five research programmes making use of the
vessel. Ukwabelana carries a remotely operated
vehicle (ROV) and seven pilots have been
trained to use the undersea instrument. So far,
the ROV has been used on three expeditions,
with scientists from a number of research
organisations involved in seabed research.
SAIAB, as a National Facility of the NRF, will
provide and manage the research platform
for use by all interested institutions. These
platforms are:
• Oceanography
– R/V Algoa and R/V uKwabelana
• Deepwater exploration
– Remotely Operated Vehicle (ROV)
DAFF and DEA will co-fund ship’s time and
oceanographic equipment. SAIAB will provide
the ROV.
A competitive research call will be managed
by the NRF to ensure equitable distribution of
funds.
Research proposals will be adjudicated by
a specialist panel which will assess the
applicability of the research.
Capacity building and training
ACEP has taken on six BSc Honours students
from the University of Fort Hare. The
students are undertaking short but intense
investigations into nearshore plankton
dynamics in Algoa Bay as part of SAEON’s
Algoa Bay Long-term Monitoring Research
Programme. In addition, learners from local
schools were given the opportunity to visit
research vessels and even participate in short
cruises.
The R/V Algoa sailed from Cape Town to Port
Elizabeth via Mossel Bay with two groups
of eight learners and two teachers onboard.
The learners and teachers were from schools
in the Mossel Bay/George region and they
joined the brief cruise under the auspices of
the “Teachers at Sea” and NOAA’s “Adopt a
Drifter” Programme.
Students using the plankton pump to collect samples
from R/V uKwabelana in Algoa Bay.
40
VOL 1 ISSUE 2 2011
acontecido. Muito em particular, dois cientistas
sul-africanos participaram num levantamento
pioneiro das montanhas submersas do
Oceano Índico que foi feito a partir do navio
de investigação Dr Fridtjof Nansen no ano
passado. Recentemente, o SAIAB albergou
um workshop de nove dias para identificar as
espécies biológicas colhidas durante o cruzeiro
às montanhas submarinas. Ver página 46.
Programas de investigação
O programa ACEP, em conjunto com a NRF,
tem gerido e continua a gerir uma grande
diversidade de estudos multi-institucionais
e multidisciplinares, incluindo genética;
conservação;
educação;
oceanografia;
paleoclimas; biodiversidade; e investigação
de águas profundas.
No seu conjunto, estes projectos envolveram
25 investigadores e 45 estudantes.
Um dos maiores sucessos do ACEP tem
sido o número de estudantes que receberam
financiamento e formação através do
programa. No total, 45 estudantes financiados
pelo programa ACEP estão matriculados em
cursos superiores e a componente de bolsas
do programa foi usada completamente. Os
seguintes estudantes foram contemplados
com bolsas de estudo:
Bacharelatos em Tecnologia 3
Licenciaturas em Ciências 11
Mestrados em Ciências 17
Doutoramentos 6
Pós-doutoramentos 8
Os esforços envidados pelo ACEP no sentido
de trabalhar de uma forma construtiva
em parceria com vários departamentos
governamentais
registaram
resultados
muito positivos, o que permitiu mobilizar
recursos e boa vontade e facilitar o trabalho
de investigação multidisciplinar dos cientistas
marinhos de várias agências e universidades.
Por exemplo, o DST (através da NRF)
disponibilizou os fundos necessários para
a aquisição e estabelecimento de uma
plataforma de investigação, a uKwabelana,
enquanto vários dos cruzeiros realizados ao
abrigo do ACEP foram feitos com o navio
de investigação do DAFF, o Algoa. O DEA
contribuiu com equipamento e apoio técnico
para os estudos oceanográficos.
Lançada em 2009, a lancha de investigação
uKwabelana
já foi usada várias vezes,
tendo servido em cinco programas de
investigação. A Ukwabelana transporta um
veículo telecomandado (ROV), tendo sido
dada formação sobre o uso do instrumento
submarino a sete pilotos. Até à data, o ROV foi
usado em três expedições, que contaram com
o trabalho de cientistas de várias instituições
de investigação envolvidos no estudo do leito
marinho.
Reforço de capacidades e formação
O ACEP aceitou seis estudantes da Universidade
de Fort Hare a nível de licenciatura em Ciências.
Estes estudantes estão a fazer pesquisa de
curta duração mas de grande intensidade sobre
a dinâmica do plâncton em águas perto da
costa de Algoa Bay como parte do Programa
de Monitorização e Investigação a longo prazo
de Algoa Bay ao abrigo da SAEON. Além
disso, vários alunos de escolas locais tiveram a
oportunidade de visitar navios de investigação e
de participar em cruzeiros de curta duração.
O navio de investigação Algoa navegou da
Cidade do Cabo para Port Elizabeth via Mossel
Bay com dois grupos de oito alunos e dois
professores, de escolas da região de Mossel
Bay/George. A sua participação neste breve
cruzeiro foi feita sob os auspícios do programa
“Teachers at Sea” (“Professores no Mar”), bem
como do programa da NOAA de adopção de
uma bóia de deriva, “Adopt a Drifter”.
O ACEP, o ASCLME e o DAFF patrocinaram o
tempo de navegação para permitir aos alunos
que fundeassem as bóias “adoptadas” pelas
suas escolas. As escolas podem acompanhar o
rastro da bóia conforme esta vai flutuando ao
sabor das correntes marinhas a colher dados
muito valiosos sobre a circulação dos oceanos.
Antevisão do futuro
O ACEP II termina em Março de 2012 e estão
a ser feitos planos para obter fundos que
permitam a continuação do programa. Prevendose um modelo semelhante ao ACEP II, foram
planeadas as seguintes propostas:
été utilisé au cours de trois expéditions, avec
des chercheurs de plusieurs organisations
de recherche impliqués dans des travaux de
recherche sur les fonds marins.
Développement des compétences
et formation
L’ACEP a recruté six étudiants en maîtrise de
sciences de l’Université de Fort Hare. Ces
étudiants réalisent des études courtes mais
intenses sur la dynamique du plancton près
des côtes de la baie d’Algoa, dans le cadre du
Programme de suivi et de recherche à long
terme du SAEON sur la baie d’Algoa. Des
élèves des écoles locales ont également eu
l’opportunité de se rendre à bord des navires
de recherche et même de participer à de
courtes croisières.
Le navire de recherche l’Algoa a relié le
Cap à Port Elizabeth en passant par Mossel
Bay, avec à son bord deux groupes de huit
élèves et deux enseignants. Les élèves et les
enseignants venaient d’écoles de la région
de Mossel Bay/George et ont pu se joindre
à cette brève croisière grâce au programme
« Teachers at Sea » et au programme « Adopt
a Drifter » de la NOAA.
L’ACEP, ASCLME et le DAFF ont sponsorisé
le temps passé en mer à bord du navire afin
de permettre à ces élèves de déployer les
dériveurs « adoptés » par leurs écoles. Les
écoles peuvent suivre la piste de ces dériveurs
flottant au gré des courants océaniques et
collectant des données précieuses sur la
circulation océanographique.
Ce que réserve l’avenir
L’ACEP II touchera à sa fin en mars 2012 et
des plans sont en cours afin de sécuriser des
financements et un soutien pour la poursuite
du programme. Un modèle similaire à celui
de l’ACEP II est envisagé et les propositions
suivantes seront présentées :
Le SAIAB, en tant qu’institution nationale de
la NRF, fournira et gérera la plateforme de
recherche pour une utilisation par toutes les
institutions intéressées. Ces plateformes sont
les suivantes :
• océanographie
– les navires de recherche
l’Algoa et l’ uKwabelana
• exploration en eaux profondes
– véhicule télépiloté
le DAFF et le DEA cofinanceront le temps
du navire et l’équipement océanographique.
Le SAIAB mettra le véhicule télépiloté à
disposition.
Un appel concurrentiel de propositions de
recherche sera géré par la NRF afin de garantir
la distribution équitable des fonds.
Les propositions de recherche seront évaluées
par un panel de spécialistes qui en évaluera le
caractère applicable.
ROV being deployed from R/V Ellen Khuzwayo on
the Agulhas Bank.
O SAIAB, como um dos dispositivos nacionais
da NRF, será responsável por disponibilizar e
gerir a plataforma de investigação para uso
por todas as instituições interessadas. Estas
plataformas são:
• Oceanografia
– os navios de investigação Algoa e uKwabelana
• Exploração de águas profundas
– Veículos telecomandados (ROV)
O DAFF e o DEA financiarão conjuntamente o
tempo do navio e o equipamento oceanográfico.
O SAIAB fornecerá os ROV.
O convite para a apresentação de propostas
de investigação será gerido pela NRF a fim de
assegurar a distribuição equitativa de fundos.
As propostas de investigação serão adjudicadas
por um painel de especialistas que fará a
avaliação da aplicabilidade da investigação.
41
News from the region
Hands-on oceanographic training in Mauritius
Formação oceanográfica prática
Twelve scientists and technicians from nine
countries attended a week-long ecosystems
training course organised by the ASCLME
Project Coordination Unit and hosted by the
Mauritius Oceanography Institute (MOI) last
year.
According to Professor Warwick Sauer,
Capacity Building and Training Coordinator
of the ASCLME Project, the course provided
a good balance of theoretical and practical
instruction and was well received by
participants.
Participants were welcomed by the Director
of the MOI, Dr Mitrasen Bhikajee and during
the first session they were introduced to the
ASCLME Project, gaining insight into the
aims and objectives of the Project, especially
the goal to establish a long-term monitoring
network and early warning system in the
ASCLME region.
“We are grateful for the excellent cooperation
of our hosts, the Mauritius Oceanography
Institute, and we look forward to running
training courses in Mauritius in the future,”
said Prof Sauer.
Doze cientistas e especialistas provenientes
de nove países assistiram a um curso de
formação sobre ecossistemas com a duração
de uma semana, organizado pela Unidade de
Coordenação do Projecto ASCLME e acolhido
pelo Instituto de Oceanografia das Maurícias
(MOI) no ano passado.
Over the course of three days, they were
taught how to prepare and deploy basic
oceanographic
monitoring
equipment,
including an underwater temperature
recorder and YSI multi-meter – which
measures salinity, temperature and depth to
200m. Instruction on downloading, verifying
and circulating data from these instruments
followed.
Trainees prepare to take oceanographic
measurements from a small boat. Os participantes foram acolhidos pela Directora
do MOI, a Drª Mitrasen Bhikajee. A primeira
sessão foi dedicada a apresentar o Projecto
ASCLME aos participantes, que assim se
puderam inteirar das suas metas e objectivos,
particularmente o objectivo de criar uma rede
de monitorização a longo prazo e um sistema
de alerta precoce na região do ASCLME.
Experts from MOI provided an introduction
to geographic information systems (GIS) and
mapping, which included a mapping exercise
at sea.
During the second phase of their training,
participants were able to benefit from the
vast knowledge and experience of Drs Adnan
Awad and Lynn Jackson of the Global Invasive
Species Programme. Drs Awad and Jackson
are specialists in marine and coastal invasive
species.
They introduced participants to the
management of invasive species and
discussed the management of ballast water,
port surveys and regional strategies and
activities for the control of invasive species.
Kudos for Kenyan trainee
Of the 40 candidates who participated in the SWIOFP
observer training course, Dixon Odongo, a Laboratory
Technologist with the Kenya Marine and Fisheries
Research Institute, performed best.
Mr Odongo scored 94% in the written and practical
evaluations that were held at the close of the course,
not only winning the Best Student award, but also
walking off with the Best Kenyan Trainee award.
He is pictured with his prizes – a fibreglass fish
measuring board and the newest edition of the popular
field guide Two Oceans - a Guide to the Marine Life
42
VOL 1 ISSUE 2 2011
of Southern Africa. The guide is authored by renowned
marine biologists George and Margo Branch, Charles
Griffiths and Lynnath Beckley.
Average scores pooled for all participants revealed that
Kenya was the best performing country, with a mean
score of 86%, followed by Madagascar (82%) and
Mauritius (80%). Performance by individual participants
followed the same national trend with Dixon Odongo of
Kenya emerging as the best student overall, followed
by Boniface Razafisalama of Madagascar (90.52%) and
Satish Khadun of Mauritius (90.50%).
realizada nas Maurícias
Ao longo de três dias, aprenderam a
preparar e a instalar equipamento básico de
monitorização oceanográfica, incluindo um
registador de temperatura subaquática e um
multimedidor YSI – que mede a salinidade,
a temperatura e a profundidade até aos
200m. Seguiram-se instruções sobre o
descarregamento, verificação e circulação
dos dados provenientes destes instrumentos.
Peritos do MOI efectuaram uma introdução
aos sistemas de informação geográfica (GIS)
e mapeamento, que incluiu um exercício de
mapeamento no mar.
Durante a segunda fase da sua formação,
os participantes puderam beneficiar dos
vastos conhecimentos e experiência dos Drs.
Adnan Awad e Lynn Jackson, do Programa
Mundial para as Espécies Invasoras, ambos
especialistas em espécies invasoras marinhas
e costeiras.
Os Drs. Awad e Jackson iniciaram os
participantes na gestão de espécies invasoras
e debateram ainda a gestão da água de lastro,
levantamentos portuários e estratégias e
actividades regionais de controlo de espécies
invasoras.
Segundo o Professor Warwick Sauer,
Coordenador de Formação e Desenvolvimento
de Capacidades do Projecto ASCLME, o curso
ofereceu um bom equilíbrio entre o ensino
teórico e o prático, tendo sido bem acolhido
pelos participantes.
Une formation océanographique de première main à Maurice
Douze chercheurs et techniciens venus de
neuf pays ont pris part à une formation d’une
semaine sur les écosystèmes, organisée par
l’unité de coordination du Projet ASCLME et
qui s’est déroulée à l’Institut Océanographique
de Maurice (MOI) l’année dernière.
Les participants ont été accueillis par le Dr.
Mitrasen Bhikajee, Directeur du MOI, et
au cours de la première session, le projet
ASCLME leur a été présenté, leur permettant
de découvrir les buts et objectifs du Projet,
en particulier l’objectif d’établir un réseau de
suivi à long terme ainsi qu’un système d’alerte
précoce dans la région ASCLME.
Pendant trois jours, ils ont découvert comment
préparer et déployer l’équipement de suivi
océanographique de base, et notamment
un thermomètre enregistreur sous-marin,
un multimètre YSI, qui mesure la salinité, la
température et la profondeur jusqu’à 200 m.
Des instructions ont ensuite été fournies sur le
téléchargement, la vérification et la circulation
des données à partir de ces instruments.
Les experts du MOI ont présenté une
introduction aux systèmes d’information
géographique (SIG) et à la cartographie, avec
un exercice de cartographie en mer.
Au cours de la seconde phase de la formation,
les participants ont pu profiter de la mine de
connaissances et d’expérience du Dr. Adnan
Awad et du Dr. Lynn Jackson du Programme
mondial sur les espèces envahissantes
(GISP). Le Dr. Awad et le Dr. Jackson sont
spécialistes des espèces invasives marines
et côtières.
Ils ont introduit les participants à la gestion des
espèces invasives et ont discuté de la gestion
de l‘eau de ballast, les études portuaires et
les stratégies et activités régionales pour le
contrôle des espèces invasives.
D’après le professeur Warwick Sauer,
coordinateur de la formation et du
développement des compétences du Projet
ASCLME, la formation a fourni un bon équilibre
entre l’enseignement théorique et pratique,
et a été bien reçue par les participants.
« Nous sommes reconnaissants envers
nos hôtes, l’Institut océanographique de
Maurice, pour leur excellente coopération, et
sommes impatients d’organiser de nouvelles
formations à Maurice dans le futur », a déclaré
M. Sauer.
“Expressamos
o
nosso
profundo
agradecimento aos nossos anfitriões, o
Instituto Oceanográfico das Maurícias, pela
sua excelente cooperação, e gostaríamos de
manifestar o nosso mais vivo interesse em
realizar de novo, no futuro, cursos de formação
nas Maurícias,” declarou o Prof Sauer.
Twelve trainees from nine countries attended the
training course in Mauritius.
43
News from the region
Research and training
initiative launched in South
Africa
Iniciativa de Investigação e
Formação lançada na África
do Sul
South African and French scientists have
launched a joint international laboratory that
will develop models to assess how marine
ecosystems respond to issues like climate
change.
Cientistas sul-africanos e franceses lançaram
conjuntamente um laboratório internacional que
irá desenvolver modelos destinados a avaliar a
forma como os ecossistemas marinhos reagem
a questões como as alterações climáticas.
The International Centre for Education,
Marine and Atmospheric Science over Africa
(ICEMASA) is a four-year project focusing
on climate variability, ocean circulation and
impacts of global change on ecosystems and
fisheries.
O Centro Internacional de Educação,
Ciências Marinhas e Atmosféricas sobre
África (ICEMASA) é um projecto de quatro
anos cujas actividades se centram sobre
a variabilidade climática, a circulação dos
oceanos e os impactos das alterações globais
nos ecossistemas e nas pescas.
“One of the keys is to be able to forecast – to set
up scenarios for the rest of the current century,”
said Francis Marsac, co-director of ICEMASA
which has been operational since since 2009.
The French IRD (Institute for Development
Research), is providing funding of 1.25 million
Euros for the initiative. Partners include the
University of Cape Town (MARE Institute),
South Africa’s departments of Environmental
Affairs (DEA) and Agriculture, Forestry and
Fisheries (DAFF), and France’s University of
Western Brittany.
ICEMASA conducts multi-disciplinary research
across three major topics: climate variability,
ocean circulation and effects of global change
on marine ecosystems and fisheries in the
Southern Ocean, African margins and tropical
Indian Ocean. It is closely related to ACCESS,
the Applied Centre for Climate and Earth
System Science, a Centre of Excellence of
the South African Department of Science and
Technology initiated in 2009.
For more information: www.icemasa.org
ICEMASA was officially launched in South Africa in
January by Prof Danie Visser, Deputy Vice-Chancellor
of UCT; Dr Johann Augustyn, Chief Director of Marine
Resource Management, DAFF; Prof Michel Laurent,
the President of the IRD; Mr Ashley Naidoo; Director,
Oceans and Conservation, DEA; Dr Stephen Herbette,
Senior lecturer, UBO, France. Standing behind the
group is Francis Marsac, Director of ICEMASA.
44
“Um dos aspectos fundamentais é poder
fazer previsões – ou seja, conseguir construir
cenários para o resto do século XXI,” afirmou
Francis Marsac, co-director da ICEMASA, que
está em operação desde 2009.
O Instituto Francês IRD (Instituto para a
Investigação sobre o Desenvolvimento)
proporciona financiamento no valor de 1,25
milhões de Euros para esta iniciativa. Os
parceiros incluem a Universidade da Cidade do
Cabo (o Instituto MARE), os departamentos sulafricanos para os Assuntos Ambientais (DEA) e
para a Agricultura, Silvicultura e Pescas (DAFF),
e a Universidade da Bretanha Ocidental em
França.
Lancement d’une initiative de
recherche et de formation en
Afrique du Sud
Une équipe de chercheurs sud-africains
et français ont mis en place un laboratoire
international conjoint destiné à développer des
modèles visant à étudier la manière dont les
écosystèmes réagissent aux problèmes tels
que le changement climatique.
Le Centre international d’éducation sur les
sciences marines et atmosphériques en
Afrique (ICEMASA) est un projet sur quatre ans
qui se concentre sur la variabilité climatique,
la circulation océanique et les impacts du
changement global sur les écosystèmes et les
pêches.
« L’un des éléments clés est de pouvoir prévoir,
de développer des scénarios pour le reste du
siècle présent », a déclaré Francis Marsac,
co-directeur de l’ICEMASA, qui a ouvert ses
portes en 2009.
L’Institut de Recherche pour le développement
(IRD) français finance cette initiative à hauteur
de 1,25 millions d’euros. Les partenaires
en sont l’Université du Cap (Institut MARE),
les ministères sud-africains des Affaires
environnementales (DEA) et de l’Agriculture,
des Forêts et des Pêches (DAFF) ainsi que
l’université de Bretagne occidentale côté
français.
O
ICEMASA
realiza
investigação
multidisciplinar sobre três tópicos principais:
variabilidade
climática,
circulação
dos
oceanos e efeitos das alterações globais
nos ecossistemas e nas pescas no Oceano
Austral, nas margens africanas e no Oceano
Índico Tropical. Este centro mantém uma
parceria chegada com o centro ACCESS, o
Centro de Ciências aplicadas ao Clima e aos
Sistemas Terrestres, um centro de excelência
do Departamento de Ciências e Tecnologia da
África do Sul inaugurado em 2009.
L’ICEMASA réalise une étude multidisciplinaire
sur trois grands sujets : la variabilité climatique,
la circulation des océans et les effets du
changement global sur les écosystèmes
marins et les pêches dans les mers australes,
les marges africaines et la zone tropicale
de l’Océan Indien. Ce nouveau centre est
étroitement associé au projet ACCESS
(Applied Centre for Climate and Earth System
Science), un Centre d’excellence du ministère
sud-africain des Sciences et de la Technologie
créé en 2009.
Para mais informações, visitar o portal:
www.icemasa.org
Informations complémentaires :
www.icemasa.org
VOL 1 ISSUE 2 2011
A strong focus on learning
Grande importância atribuída à
aprendizagem
L’accent mis sur l’apprentissage
The SWIOFP Regional Management Unit
(RMU), based at the Kenya Marine and
Fisheries Research Institute in Mombasa,
Kenya, is providing a number of opportunities
for young Africans to benefit from its
activities. Not only does the RMU fund and
support eight postgraduate students, it is also
providing an opportunity for three additional
students to acquire practical experience and
hands-on training.
A Unidade de Gestão Regional do SWIOFP
(RMU, na sigla em Inglês), sediada no Instituto
de Investigação Marinha e Pesqueira do Quénia
(Kenya Marine and Fisheries Research Institute) in
Mombaça, Quénia, oferece várias oportunidades
para que jovens africanos possam beneficiar
das suas actividades. A Unidade de Gestão
Regional não só financia e apoia oito estudantes
inscritos em cursos de pós-graduação como
também proporciona oportunidade a três outros
estudantes de adquirirem experiência prática e
formação activa.
L’Unité de gestion régionale (RMU) du
SWIOFP, basée à l’Institut sur la vie marine
et les pêches du Kenya situé à Mombasa,
au Kenya, propose à de jeunes africains de
nombreuses opportunités de bénéficier de
ses activités. Si la RMU finance et soutient
huit étudiants de troisième cycle, elle propose
également à trois étudiants supplémentaires
la possibilité d’acquérir une expérience
pratique et de bénéficier d’une formation sur
le terrain.
Stephen Mwakaiti, Khyria Karama and
Fatuma Mzingirwa are currently working at
the RMU, assisting the project to consolidate
the information generated in the gap analysis
and methodically archive the data collected
by the SWIOFP so far. Stephen Mwakaiti has
a background in mathematics and statistics,
while Khyria Karama and Fatuma Mzingirwa
are both fish biologists.
Stephen Mwakaiti, Khyria Karama e Fatuma
Mzingirwa trabalham presentemente na RMU,
ajudando o projecto a consolidar a informação
produzida pela análise de lacunas e a arquivar
os dados recolhidos pelo SWIOFP até à data.
Stephen Mwakaiti tem formação na área de
matemática e estatística, enquanto Khyria
Karama e Fatuma Mzingirwa são ambos
biólogos pesqueiros.
Stephen Mwakaiti
Khyria Karama
Stephen Mwakaiti, Khyria Karama et Fatuma
Mzingirwa travaillent actuellement à la RMU,
aidant le projet à consolider les informations
générées par l’analyse de l’écart et à archiver
méthodiquement les données rassemblées
jusqu’à présent par le SWIOFP. Stephen
Mwakaiti a étudié les mathématiques et
la statistique, et Kyria Karama et Fatuma
Mzingirwa sont toutes deux des biologistes
spécialisées dans les poissons.
Fatuma Mzingirwa
Students supported by SWIOFP
Student
Degree & title of research project
Hosting University
Stephen W. Ndegwa
MSc - Biology and feeding habits of Swordfish
University of Nairobi, Kenya
Alan J. Foulis, South Africa
MSc - An assessment of pelagic shark by-catch in longline
fisheries in the south west Indian Ocean
University of KwaZulu-Natal,
South Africa
Thomas K. Mkare, Kenya
MSc - Genetic population structure of shallow water prawns
Stellenbosch University, SA
Febian Forget, Kenya
MSc - The development and assessment of fisheries for medium/ Rhodes University,
large pelagic fishes around anchored fish aggregating devices
South Africa
James Robey, South Africa
MSc - An assessment of the deep-water crustacean
trawl fishery off the eastern coast of South Africa
University of KwaZulu-Natal,
South Africa
Collins K. Ndoro, Kenya
MSc - Assemblage structure of decapod crustaceans
off the Kenyan Coast
Moi University, Kenya
Lourenco D. Zakarias, Mozambique
MSc - Genetic population structure of deep water prawns in the south west Indian Ocean
University of KwaZulu-Natal,
South Africa
Emmanuel K. Mbaru, Kenya
MSc - Behaviour of fishes around
fish aggregating devices
Rhodes University,
South Africa
45
News from the region
New squid joins SAIAB collection
Nova espécie de lula na colecção
Reporting by IUCN and Reyhana Mohammed
Reportagem da UICN e de Reyhana Mohammed
A new species of squid was discovered by
scientists who spent ten days at the South
African Institute for Aquatic Biodiversity
(SAIAB) in Grahamstown, South Africa in
November 2010, analysing the specimens
gathered during the 2009 IUCN-led seamounts
cruise.
The new species, which was identified by Dr
Vladimir Laptikhovsky, a fishery scientist from
the Falkland Islands Fisheries Department,
is 70cm long and a large member of the
chiroteuthid family. Squids from this group are
long and slender with light-producing organs,
which act as lures to attract prey.
So far, more than 70 species of squid have
been identified from the seamounts cruise,
representing more than 20 percent of global
squid biodiversity.
According to Professor Alex Rogers, a
zoologist at the University of Oxford in
the United Kingdom, 21 scientists worked
together at SAIAB for ten days, identifying and
classifying 7,000 specimens which included
fish, crustaceans, cephalopods and gelatinous
pelagic fauna.
“Armed with microscopes (the scientists
worked) through intimidating rows of jars
containing fishes, squids, zooplankton and
other interesting creatures,” said Prof Rogers.
“Many specimens look similar to each other
and we (had) to use elaborate morphological
features such as muscle orientation and gut
length to differentiate between them.”
The IUCN-led Seamounts Project began in
November 2009 when a team of the world’s
leading marine experts set out to sample
the rich marine life above six seamounts
in the international waters of the western
Indian Ocean. They worked from the decks
of the United Nations-flagged research ship
Dr Fridtjof Nansen for six weeks, conducting
40 trawls: 32 on seamounts and eight off
seamount sites. Trawls were mostly at depths
of between 300 and 900m.
As a partner in the Seamounts Project, the
ASCLME Project played a key role in funding
and organising the seamounts cruise.
Bringing some of the world’s leading marine
taxonomists together in Grahamstown to
identify and classify as much of the collected
material as possible was an important next
step for the IUCN, which aims to advance
knowledge of seamounts in the southwest
Indian Ocean and ultimately help to improve
conservation and management of marine
resources in the high seas area.
Scientists at SAIAB are continuing to work on
the seamounts specimens and the collection
will remain at SAIAB as a point of reference.
Foi descoberta uma nova espécie de lula
pelos cientistas que, em Novembro de 2010,
passaram dez dias no Instituto Sul-Africano
para a Biodiversidade Aquática (SAIAB, na
sigla em Inglês) em Grahamstown, África do
Sul, a analisar espécimes recolhidos durante
o cruzeiro a cordilheiras submarinas liderado
pela UICN em 2009.
A nova espécie, identificada pelo Dr. Vladimir
Laptikhovsky, um cientista pesqueiro do
Departamento das Pescas das Ilhas Falkland
(Malvinas para os Argentinos), tem 70cm de
comprimento e é um membro importante
da família dos cirroteuthidae. As lulas deste
grupo são compridas e delgadas, e têm órgãos
luminosos que servem para atrair a presa.
Até à data, foram identificadas mais de 70
espécies de lula entre as espécies recolhidas
neste cruzeiro às montanhas submersas, as
quais representam mais de 20 por cento da
biodiversidade mundial do género.
De acordo com o Professor Alex Rogers,
zoólogo na Universidade de Oxford no Reino
Unido, 21 cientistas trabalharam em conjunto
no SAIAB durante dez dias, a identificar e
a classificar 7 000 espécimes que incluíam
peixes, crustáceos, cefalópodes e fauna
pelágica gelatinosa.
“Munidos de microscópios (os cientistas
foram labutando) por filas e filas intimidativas
de frascos com peixes, lulas, zooplankton e
outras criaturas interessantes,” declarou o
Prof Dr. Rogers.
“Muitos dos espécimes assemelhamse muito entre si e tivemos de usar
características morfológicas elaboradas tais
como orientação muscular e comprimento
do sistema digestivo para os diferenciar.”
The new species of squid collected on the seamounts
cruise in 2009. It has not yet been named, but is
being described by Dr Vladimir Laptikhovsky, a
cephalopod specialist from the Falkland Islands
Fisheries Department. When a new species is
found, it must be formally described in a scientific
peer-reviewed paper and the “type specimen” must
be lodged in a museum.
Photo: Rainer von Brandis
46
VOL 1 ISSUE 2 2011
Julian Badcock from the Natural History Museum in
London and Vladimir Laptikhovsky from the Falkland
Islands Fisheries Department were two of the
do SAIAB
Un nouveau calmar vient rejoindre la collection du SAIAB
Compte-rendu fourni par l’UICN et Reyhana Mohammed
O Projecto de Investigação das Cordilheiras
Submarinas liderado pela UICN começou
em Novembro de 2009 quando uma equipa
dos mais conceituados peritos em ciências
marinhas partiu numa expedição para tirar
amostras da abundante vida marinha de seis
montanhas submersas em águas internacionais
da região oeste do Oceano Índico. Trabalharam
no convés do navio de investigação das
Nações Unidas, o Dr Fridtjof Nansen, durante
seis semanas, onde realizaram 40 lances de
pesca de arrasto: 32 por entre as montanhas
e oito ao largo das montanhas. Os arrastos
foram feitos, na sua maioria, a profundidades
de entre 300 e 900m.
Como parceiro do Projecto de Investigação das
Cordilheiras Submarinas, o Projecto ASCLME
desempenhou um papel fundamental no
sentido de financiar e organizar este cruzeiro.
A reunião de vários dos mais notáveis
taxinomistas marinhos em Grahamstown,
para identificar e classificar a maior quantidade
possível do material recolhido, foi um importante
passo para a UICN, que pretende fomentar o
conhecimento sobre as cordilheiras submarinas
na região sudoeste do Oceano Índico e, em
última análise, melhorar a conservação e a
gestão dos recursos marinhos na região.
De acordo com o Prof Dr. Rogers, todos os
espécimes de peixe recolhidos durante este
cruzeiro estão depositados no SAIAB. Os
otólitos (ossos do ouvido) de várias espécies
foram enviados para o Museu de Port Elizabeth
que alberga uma colecção de referência usada
para análise da dieta de animais marinhos.
Vários cientistas do SAIAB continuam a
trabalhar em espécimes das cordilheiras
submersas e a colecção irá permanecer no
SAIAB como ponto de referência.
Une nouvelle espèce de calmar a été découverte
par des chercheurs qui ont passé dix jours
à l’Institut sud-africain pour la biodiversité
aquatique (SAIAB) à Grahamstown, en Afrique
du Sud en novembre 2003 afin d’analyser les
spécimens rassemblés au cours de la croisière
d’étude des monts sous-marins dirigée par
l’UICN en 2009.
La nouvelle espèce, identifiée par Vladimir
Laptikhovsky, un chercheur spécialiste des
pêches du ministère des Pêches des îles
Falkland, mesure 70 cm de long et appartient
à la famille des chiroteuthis. Les calmars de
ce groupe sont longs et fins, et disposent
d’organes produisant de la lumière, leur
servant de leurres pour attirer leurs proies.
Jusqu’à présent, plus de 70 espèces de
calmars ont été identifiés au cours de la
croisière d’étude des monts sous-marins,
représentant plus de 20 % de la biodiversité
des calmars au niveau de la planète.
Selon Alex Rogers, zoologue à l’université
d’Oxford, au Royaume-Uni, 21 chercheurs
ont travaillé ensemble au SAIAB pendant
10 jours à l’identification et à la classification
de 7 000 spécimens incluant poissons,
crustacés, céphalopodes et espèces pélagiques
gélatineuses.
« Armés de microscopes, [les chercheurs
ont passé en revue] d’intimidantes rangées
de bocaux contenant poissons, calmars,
zooplancton et autres créatures intéressantes »,
a déclaré M. Rogers.
« De nombreux spécimens se ressemblent et
nous [avons dû] utiliser des caractéristiques
morphologiques élaborées, comme l’orientation
des muscles et la longueur des intestins pour
les différencier ».
Le Projet des monts sous-marins conduit
par l’UICN a débuté en novembre 2009,
avec la constitution d’une équipe d’experts
océanographiques internationaux pour étudier
la riche vie marine au niveau de six monts
sous-marins dans les eaux internationales
de l’Océan Indien occidental. Pendant six
semaines, les chercheurs ont travaillé depuis
les ponts du navire du Dr Fridtjof Nansen, un
navire de recherche naviguant sous l’étendard
des Nations Unies, et ont réalisé 40 chaluts,
dont 32 sur les monts sous-marins et huit au
large des sites des monts sous-marins. Les
chaluts ont essentiellement été réalisés à des
profondeurs allant de 300 à 900 m.
Le Projet ASCLME, partenaire du Projet
d’étude des monts sous-marins, a joué un rôle
essentiel dans le financement et l’organisation
de cette croisière scientifique.
Le rassemblement de certains des plus
grands taxonomistes marins du monde à
Grahamstown afin d’identifier et de classifier
le plus grand nombre d’échantillons collectés
possible a constitué une étape importante pour
l’UICN, dont l’objectif est de faire progresser
les connaissances sur les monts sous-marins
dans l’Océan Indien du Sud-ouest et, en
définitive, de contribuer à l’amélioration de la
conservation et de la gestion des ressources
marines dans la région.
Les chercheurs du SAIAB poursuivent leur
travail sur les spécimens des monts sousmarins et la collection restera au SAIAB pour
tenir lieu de point de référence.
Khanyisile Ngomane, an intern based at SAIAB,
measures and labels specimens.
experts who helped to identify and catalogue the
specimens collected during the seamounts cruise.
47
News from the region
SWIO people
As pessoas da SWIO
In this, the first of a new column called “SWIO People”, Current News tracks the movement of
key scientists and managers in the South West Indian Ocean (SWIO) region. Please send your
contributions to future issues of Current News to Lorna Omondi Kyalo ([email protected]) or
Claire Attwood ([email protected]).
Nesta primeira coluna que apelidamos de “As Pessoas
da SWIO”, a Current News (“Notícias da Actualidade”)
segue o movimento dos principais cientistas e gestores
da região Sudoeste do Oceano Índico (SWIO, na
Le Dr Angus Patterson a rejoint l’Institut sudafricain de la biodiversité aquatique au poste de
directeur désigné. Il prendra officiellement ses
fonctions en septembre 2011, au moment du
départ en retraite du Professeur Paul Skelton.
Dr Angus Paterson has joined the
South African Institute for Aquatic
Biodiversity (SAIAB) as Director
Designate. He will take up his full
position in September 2011 when
Professor Paul Skelton retires.
O Dr. Angus Paterson foi nomeado para
o cargo de Director Designado do Instituto
Sul-africano para a Biodiversidade Aquática
(SAIAB). Assumirá o cargo em plenas funções
em Setembro de 2011 quando o Professor Paul
Skelton for jubilado.
Dr Patterson completed both
his undergrad and post graduate
studies at Rhodes University in South Africa. In
2006 he set up the coastal node of the South African
Environmental Observation Network (SAEON). He
has also managed the African Coelacanth Ecosystem
Programme (ACEP) for the past four years.
O Dr. Patterson fez os seus estudos de
graduação e pós-graduação na Universidade de
Rhodes na África do Sul. Em 2006 estabeleceu o
nó costeiro da Rede Sul-Africana de Observação
do Ambiente (SAEON). Nos últimos quatro
anos, foi responsável pela gestão do Programa
Africano do Ecossistema do Celacanto (ACEP).
Le Dr Patterson a effectué l’intégralité de ses
études à l’Université de Rhodes en Afrique du
Sud. En 2006, il a établi le pôle côtier du Réseau
sud-africain d’observation environnementale
(SAEON). Il a également assuré la gestion du
Programme africain pour le cœlacanthe et
son écosystème (ACEP) au cours des quatre
dernières années.
Lorna Omondi Kyalo has been
appointed Information Technology
and Communications Manager
for the SWIOFP. Lorna took up
her position in July 2010. She
joins the project from Bond
Communications LLC, a Dubaibased
telecommunications
company where she was an
Enterprise Resource Planning (ERP) specialist.
Lorna Omondi Kyalo foi nomeada para o cargo
de Gestora de Comunicações e Tecnologias
de Informação do SWIOFP. Lorna assumiu o
cargo em Julho de 2010. Antes de se juntar
a nós, Lorna trabalhou como especialista de
planeamento dos recursos empresariais para a
Bond Communications LLC, uma empresa de
telecomunciações sediada em Dubai.
Lorna Omondi Kyalo a été nommée au poste
de responsable des technologies de l’information
et des communications au sein du SWIOFP.
Lorna a pris ses fonctions en juillet 2010. Elle
rejoint le projet après avoir travaillé au sein de
Bond Communications LLC, une société de
télécommunications basée à Dubaï où elle occupait
un poste de spécialiste de la gestion intégrée.
Lorna é bacharel de ciências, formada em Gestão
de Tecnologias de Informação pela Universidade
Lorna holds a Bachelor of Science in IT Management Jomo Kenyatta para a Agricultura e Tecnologia no
degree from Jomo Kenyatta University of Agriculture Quénia, tendo também vários diplomas em TI e
and Technology in Kenya, and a variety of certificates em Sistemas de Informação Geográfica (GIS). É
in IT and Geographic Information Systems (GIS). She membro da Sociedade Informática (“Computer
is a member of the Computer Society of Kenya and Society”) do Quénia e da Linuxchix Africa, uma
Linuxchix Africa, an organisation that promotes IT organização que promove o desenvolvimento
skills among women.
de competências na área de TI entre indivíduos
do sexo feminino.
Lorna est titulaire d’une Licence de Sciences
en gestion informatique obtenue à l’Université
d’agriculture et de technologie Jomo Kenyatta
au Kenya, ainsi que plusieurs diplômes en
informatique et en systèmes d’information
géographique (SIG). Elle est membre de la
Société informatique du Kenya et de Linuxchix
Africa, une organisation dédiée à la promotion des
compétences informatiques chez les femmes.
Regional Cruise Coordinator
of the ASCLME Project, Dr
Tommy Bornman, has been
appointed as Manager of the
African Coelacanth Ecosystem
Programme (ACEP), a flagship
programme of the South African
Institute for Aquatic Biodiversity
(SAIAB). Dr Bornman took up his
new position on 1 April 2011.
O Coordenador Regional de Cruzeiros do
Projecto ASCLME, o Dr. Tommy Bornman,
foi nomeado Gestor do Programa Africano
do Ecossistema do Celacanto (ACEP), um
programa emblemático do Instituto Sul-africano
para a Biodiversidade Aquática (SAIAB). O Dr.
Bornman assumiu o seu novo cargo a 1 de Abril
2011.
Le coordinateur régional des croisières du
Projet ASCLME, le Dr Tommy Bornman,
a été nommé au poste de responsable du
Programme africain sur l’écosystème du
cœlacanthe (ACEP), un programme phare
de l’Institut sud-africain de la biodiversité
aquatique (SAIAB). Le Dr Bornmam a pris ses
fonctions le 1er avril 2011.
O ACEP constitui a principal contribuição da
África do Sul para o Projecto ASCLME e o Dr.
Bornman continuará a exercer a suas funções
como Coordenador Regional de Cruzeiros do
ASCLME.
L’ACEP constitue la principale contribution de
l’Afrique du Sud au Projet ASCLME et le Dr
Bornman poursuivra sa tâche de coordinateur
régional des croisières dans le futur.
ACEP is South Africa’s key contribution to the
ASCLME Project and Dr Bornman will continue
with his duties as the ASCLME Regional Cruise
Coordinator into the future.
48
VOL 1 ISSUE 2 2011
Les gens de l’OISO
abreviatura em Inglês). Convidamo-lo a enviar as suas
contribuições para futuros números da Current News
para Lorna Omondi Kyalo ([email protected]) ou
para Claire Attwood ([email protected]).
Regional Coordinator of the
ASCLME Coastal Livelihoods
component, Dr Tim Andrew,
has been appointed as Director
of Outreach and Resource
Mobilisation for the Western Indian
Ocean Marine Science Association
(WIOMSA). Dr Andrew took up his
new position on 1 March 2011.
WIOMSA is a regional professional, non-profit,
membership organisation, established in 1993 and
dedicated to promoting the educational, scientific
and technological development of all aspects of
marine sciences throughout the western Indian
Ocean (WIO) region.
Betty-Divine Itangisha has been
appointed Administration and
Finance Officer for the ASCLME
Project.
Ms
Itangishaka
joins
the
Grahamstown-based ASCLME
Project from Johannesburg where
she had been working as an
Operations Associate at the Joint United Nations
HIV/Aids Regional Services team.
She holds a Bachelor of Commerce degree, with a
specialisation in internal auditing, from the University
of Pretoria and is currently furthering her interest in
internal auditing by studying towards the Certified
Internal Auditor (CIA) qualification. She is a member
of the Institute of Internal Auditors South Africa (IIA
SA).
The Regional Component 2
Coordinator of SWIOFP, Johan
Groeneveld, has been appointed
as Honorary Associate Professor
in the School of Biological and
Conservation Sciences of the
University of KwaZulu-Natal,
Durban. Prof Groeneveld is a senior
scientist at the Oceanographic Research Institute
(ORI). He specialises in regional fisheries research,
with a particular focus on crustacean fisheries.
ORI hosts the South African operational node
for SWIOFP and also coordinates the regional
crustacean projects conducted by SWIOFP on behalf
of the South African Department of Agriculture,
Forestry and Fisheries.
Dans cette lettre, la première chronique d’une nouvelle série intitulée « Les gens de l’OISO », Actualité
suit le mouvement des principaux chercheurs et responsables dans la région de l’Océan Indien du Sudouest (OISO). Merci de bien vouloir envoyer vos contributions aux prochains numéros d’Actualité à
Lorna Omondi Kyalo ([email protected]) ou à Claire Attwood ([email protected]).
Coordenador Regional da componente relativa
às fontes de rendimento costeiras na região
do ASCLME, o Dr. Tim Andrew, foi nomeado
Director de Acções de Sensibilização e
Mobilização de Recursos da Associação de
Ciências Marinhas do Oceano Índico Ocidental
(WIOMSA). O Dr Andrew assumiu o seu novo
cargo no dia 1 de Março de 2011.
A WIOMSA é uma organização regional
profissional, sem fins lucrativos, aberta à
afiliação de membros da profissão, criada em
1993 e dedicada a promover o desenvolvimento
educacional, científico e tecnológico de todos
os aspectos das ciências marinhas por toda a
região do Oceano Índico Ocidental (WIO).
Coordinateur régional de la section Moyens
d’existence côtiers du Projet ASCLME, le
Dr Tim Andrew a été nommé au poste de
directeur du programme de vulgarisation
et de mobilisation des ressources de
l’Association des sciences marines de
l’Océan Indien occidental (WIOMSA). Le Dr
Andrew a pris ses nouvelles fonctions le 1er
mars 2011.
La
WIOMSA
est
une
association
professionnelle à but non lucratif établie
en 1993 et dédiée à la promotion du
développement éducatif, scientifique et
technologique de tous les aspects des
sciences marines dans la région de l’Océan
Indien occidental (OIO).
Betty-Divine Itangisha foi nomeada Directora
de Administração e Finanças do Programa
ASCLME.
Betty-Divine Itangisha a été nommée
au poste de Responsable administratif et
financier du Programme ASCLME.
Antes de integrar o Projecto ASCLME em
Grahamstown, a Sra. Itangishaka trabalhou
como Adjunta de Operações na equipa Conjunta
de Serviços Regionais das Nações Unidas no
Âmbito do VIH/Sida em Joanesburgo.
Mlle Itangishaka a rejoint le Projet ASCLME,
basé à Grahamstown, après avoir quitté
Johannesburg où elle occupait un poste
de responsable des opérations au sein de
l’équipe conjointe des Nations Unies sur le
VIH/Sida.
É bacharel em Comércio com especialização
em auditorias internas pela Universidade de
Pretória. Presentemente, está a prosseguir os
seus estudos na área de seu interesse, com
um curso de Auditor Interno Certificado (CIA).
É membro do Instituto de Auditores Internos da
África do Sul (IIA SA).
O Coordenador da Componente Regional nº 2
da SWIOFP, Johan Groeneveld, foi nomeado
Professor Associado Honorário na Escola de
Ciências Biológicas e Conservação da Natureza
na Universidade de KwaZulu-Natal. O Prof
Groeneveld é cientista sénior no Instituto de
Investigação Oceanográfica (ORI), especializado
em investigação haliêutica regional, com especial
incidência sobre o estudo dos crustáceos.
O ORI acolhe o nó operacional do SWIOFP e
coordena os projectos regionais sobre crustáceos
realizados pelo SWIOFP. Titulaire d’une Licence en commerce
obtenue à l’Université de Pretoria avec une
spécialisation d’audit interne, elle développe
actuellement son intérêt pour l’audit interne
en poursuivant ses études en vue d’accéder
au rang d’Auditeur interne certifié (AIC).
Elle est membre de l’Institut des auditeurs
internes d’Afrique du Sud (IIA SA).
Coordinateur de la composante régionale
2 du SWIOFP, Johan Groeneveld a été
nommé au poste de professeur agrégé
honoraire de l’Ecole des sciences biologiques
et de la conservation de l’Université du
KwaZulu-Natal. Le Professeur Groeneveld
est chercheur de haut niveau à l’Institut de
recherche océanographique (ORI). Spécialisé
dans la recherche sur les pêches régionales,
il s’intéresse tout particulièrement aux
pêches de crustacés.
L’ORI héberge en son sein la section
opérationnelle sud-africaine du SWIOFP
et coordonne également les projets de
recherche sur les crustacés entrepris par le
SWIOFP.
49
News from the region
ORI hosts planning meeting
by Lorna Omondi Kyalo
The Oceanographic Research Institute (ORI)
in Durban, South Africa, hosted an important
SWIOFP meeting to discuss the logistics of
deploying observers, and to plan and prepare
for forthcoming cruises in the region.
The meeting took place late last year and
was attended by the heads of SWIOFP
implementing institutions from Comoros,
Kenya, Madagascar, Mauritius, Mozambique,
Seychelles, South Africa and Tanzania.
Also invited to participate were observer
logistical coordinators who will be responsible
for coordinating
programme.
This was the outcome of a first workshop on
ecological indicators for the southwestern
Indian Ocean region that was held at the South
African Department of Agriculture, Forestry
and Fisheries in Cape Town earlier this year.
The workshop was co-hosted by SWIOFP,
IndiSeas, Kenya Marine and Fisheries Research
SWIOFP
observer
The meeting discussed the plan of action
regarding the deployment of SWIOFP
fisheries observers for the next two years. For
some member states, names were proposed
for national observer coordinators while for
others the nominations were deferred. The
final versions of the observer programme
documents were prepared. These include
the observer manual, data collection forms,
sampling protocols and MoUs.
SWIOFP and IndiSeas meet in South Africa
SWIOFP is to collaborate with the Project
on Indicators of the Seas (IndiSeas) in the
collection and compilation of data from the
southwestern Indian Ocean. Joint project
activities have been defined and timelines
have been set for their implementation.
the
Logistical implementation of the SWIOFP
cruises was discussed, including the hiring of
external experts and consultants.
In recognition of the very real threat from
pirates in the region, participants discussed
piracy policies in the member countries.
National policies on the subject of piracy
were discussed, as was the deployment of
scientists and technicians on foreign and
national fishing vessels in areas affected by
piracy.
by Lorna Omondi Kyalo
Institute (KMFRI) and the French Institute for
Development Research (IRD).
One of the aims of the workshop was for
SWIOFP member states to establish a
working collaboration with the IndiSeas
Project with a view to harmonising strategies
in the management of fisheries.
IndiSeas was established in 2005 under the
auspices of the EUR-OCEANS European
Network of Excellence and is co-funded by
IRD and the Project on Marine Ecosystem
Evolution in a Changing Environment (MEECE).
Its objective is to provide a generic set of
integrated indicators to accurately reflect the
effects of fisheries on marine ecosystems,
to discriminate these effects from other
ecosystem drivers and to facilitate effective
communication of these effects to managers,
policymakers and the public.
Participation of SWIOFP in the co-hosting of
the workshop and good representation by its
member states at this event was in recognition
of the fact that the SWIOFP, like other similar
global initiatives, subscribes to the ecosystem
approach to fisheries (EAF).
Planning for Change
“Climate change.
It’s no longer a
scientific curiosity,
but the overriding
environmental issue
of our time.”
So begins a short film produced by the
ASCLME Project late last year and circulated to
policy makers and stakeholders in the region.
Planning for Change: Managing marine and
coastal resources in an unstable world, tells
the story of climate change and the impacts
it is expected to have on marine and coastal
environments, coastal people and the national
economies of the countries of the western
Indian Ocean.
Some of these impacts include extreme
weather – which is expected to become more
50
frequent and more intense – more deaths,
disease and injury due to heatwaves, floods
and droughts; a reduction of freshwater
resources on many islands; and widespread
mortality of corals which could have dire
consequences for fisheries and tourism.
The film concludes that 40 million people who
live in the coastal zone of the ASCLME region
are considered to be extremely vulnerable
to the effects of climate change; anticipated
hardships will impact most heavily on the
poorest coastal communities, as well as poor
communities elsewhere that do not have the
means to cushion themselves against the
unstable environment.
However, Planning for Change also highlights
the fact that the governments of the region are
taking action to halt the destruction of marine
and coastal ecosystems and, by working
together through the ASCLME Project, are
taking steps to introduce an ecosystem
approach to the management of their shared
marine and coastal assets.
VOL 1 ISSUE 2 2011
The establishment of a long-term monitoring
and early warning system is seen as central to
the success of the project.
Planning for Change was produced by Francois
Odendaal Productions in English, French and
Portuguese.
Copies of the film are available free of charge
from the Project Coordination Unit. Please
contact Helen Mackenzie to order a copy of
the film: [email protected] or
+27 46 6362984.
Planning for Change may also be viewed
online at www.asclme.org/film
The planning of research cruises and observer
deployments was conducted at a meeting in
Durban which was attended by representatives of
all SWIOFP countries.
A number of participants from SWIOFP member
states took part in a workshop on ecological
indicators for the southwestern Indian Ocean region
that was held in Cape Town earlier this year.
51
ASCLME Project - publ
One of the objectives of the ASCLME Project is to gather new information about the Agulhas and
Somali currents and how they interact with and influence the climate, biodiversity and economies of
the region. Data and specimens collected during cruises are analysed and the results disseminated
in a form that contributes to the development of the Transboundary Diagnostic Analysis. The
publication of research findings in peer reviewed international journals is also encouraged.
The list of scientific publications detailed below will be expanded and updated with the publication
of the 2012 edition of Current News. Please send your feedback directly to Dr Tommy Bornman:
[email protected]
Peer reviewed manuscripts
Vousden, D., Scott, L., Sauer, W., Bornman, T.G.,
Ngoile, M., Stapley, J. & Lutjeharms, J.R.E. 2008.
Establishing a basis for ecosystem management in
the western Indian Ocean. South African Journal of
Science 104: 417 - 420. Published.
Lutjeharms, J.R.E. & Bornman, T.G. The importance
of the greater Agulhas Current is increasingly being
recognised. South African Journal of Science 106:
1- 4. Published.
The following manuscripts are planned for a special edition
of the scientific journal Deep Sea Research II: The Agulhas
Current Large Marine Ecosystem.
Guest editors: Johann Lutjeharms (UCT) &
Thomas Bornman (ASCLME).
Roman, Krakstad, Mehl, Bemiasa & Lutjeharms.
The East-Madagascar Current.
Krakstad, Mehl, Roman & Lutjeharms. Fish
distribution off the south and east coast of
Madagascar.
Lutjeharms, J. R. E., W. P. M. de Ruijter, H. M. van
Aken, M. Rouault & C. Whittle (2010). Temporary
cessation of inter-ocean exchange south of Africa.
Geophysical Research Letters. Submitted.
Gibbons &
Madagascar.
Swart, N.C., J.R.E. Lutjeharms, H. Ridderinkhof,
& W.P.M. de Ruijter (2010). The observed
characteristics of Mozambique Channel eddies.
Journal of Geophysical Research. In press.
Bornman & Rasoamananto et al. Phytoplankton
of the East Madagascar Current.
Beal, L.M., De Ruijter, W.P.M., Biastoch, A.,
Zahn, R., Cronin, M., Hermes, J., Lutjeharms,
J.R.E., Quartly, G., Tozuka, T., Baker-Yeboah, S.,
Book, J., Bornman, T.G., Cipollini, P., Dijkstra,
H., Hall, I., Park, W., Peeters, F., Penven, P.,
Ridderinkhof, H., Zinke, J. (2011). On the role of
the Agulhas system in ocean circulation and climate.
Nature. In press.
Gibbons & Flynn. Pico-zooplankton/zooplankton.
Randall, J.E. & King, D.R. 2009. Parupeneus
fraserorum, a new species of goatfsh (Perciformes:
Mullidae) from South Africa and Madagascar.
Smithiana Bulletin 10: 31- 35. Published.
Zooplankton
of
East
Stapley et al. Fish taxonomy of the East
Madagascar Current.
Durgadoo, Roman, Ansorge & Lutjeharms. On
the deep-sea environment of Mauritius.
Bornman, Sadasing & Munbodhe et
Phytoplankton distribution around Mauritius.
Ansorge et al.
Plateau.
al.
Hydrography of the Mascarene
Bornman et al. Phytoplankton of the Mascarene
Plateau and Seychelles Bank.
Bornman, Bolton & Anderson. Seaweeds of the
Mascarene Plateau and Seychelles Bank.
Cedras & Gibbons. Zooplankton over
Mascarene Plateau and Seychelles Bank.
the
Tweddle, Alvheim, Lucas & Govinden. Demersal
trawl fishes of the Mascarene Plateau.
Book Chapters
Scott, L.E.P. & Reed, G. 2010. Africa – A case
study. In Wright, D.J., Dwyer, E., and Cummins, V.
(eds.), 2010. Coastal Informatics: Web Atlas Design
and Implementation. IGI Global.
Scott, L.E.P. & Brown, M. (2009). African Marine
Atlas. In Odido, M & Mazzilli, S (Eds.), African
Oceans and Coasts. Nairobi, Kenya: United Nations
Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization
(UNESCO).
Heileman, S., J.R.E. Lutjeharms & L.E.P. Scott.
2008. The Agulhas Current LME. In: The UNEP
Large Marine Ecosystem Report: A Perspective
on Changing Conditions in LMEs of the World’s
Regional Seas. ISBN 978-92-807-2773-9
Heileman, S. and L.E.P. Scott. 2008. The
Somali Current LME. In: The UNEP Large Marine
Ecosystem Report: A Perspective on Changing
Conditions in LMEs of the World’s Regional Seas.
ISBN 978-92-807-2773-9
52
Flynn.
Ostrowski, Strømme, Lutjeharms & Bornman.
The structure of the water column, current patterns
and distribution of acoustic backscatter on the
Nazareth and Saya de Malha Banks in the south
western Indian Ocean.
Lucas, Govinden, Renaud, Francourt, Etienne,
Tweddle, Ansorge, Cedras & Bornman. Ecology
of the ichthyofauna of the Mascarene Plateau and
Seychelles Bank.
Renaud, Francourt, Etienne, Ngoile & Vousden.
Managing the Mascarene Plateau and Seychelles
Bank ecosystem.
Ahitantsoa, Todinanahary, Andriantsilavo, Lope
& Gibbons. Zooplankton of West Madagascar.
Bemiasa & Lutjeharms. Oceanography of West
Madagascar.
Bornman,
Raharinosy,
Ramanantsoa,
Razanamalala & Lope. Phytoplankton of West
Madagascar.
Benivary, Ranaivoson, Behivoke, Foulis, Landy
& Cook. Fish fauna of West Madagascar.
Roman, Rascle, Collins, Munnik, Biastoch &
Lutjeharms. Oceanography of the Comoros Gyre.
Collins, Reason & Hermes. The Comoros Gyre: a
numerical modeling approach.
Soafia, Gibbons & Cedras. Zooplankton of the
Comoros Gyre.
Kaehler et al. Food web of the Comoros Gyre.
The following manuscripts are planned for a special edition of
the scientific journal Deep Sea Research.
Guest editors: Alex Rogers (Oxford University),
Kirsty Kemp (Zoological Society of London),
Philip Boersch-Supan (University of St
Andrews), Thomas Bornman (ASCLME Project).
Rogers et al. Pelagic communities of the South
West Indian Ocean seamounts: R/V Fridtjof Nansen
Cruise 2009-410.
Cedras, Letessier, Gibbons & Brierley.
Zooplankton of the southern seamounts.
Boersch-Supan & Hoines. The distribution of epiand mesopelagic scattering layers along the SouthWest Indian Ocean Ridge and across the Frontal
Zone.
Read, du Plessis & Ansorge. Oceanography of
the southern seamounts.
Rogers, Kemp, Alvheim, Benivary, Mangar,
Mazungula, et al. Distribution of the pelagic
ichthyofauna of the southern seamounts.
Du Plessis, Ansorge, Bornman, Read &
Lutjeharms. Oceanography of the subtropical
convergence.
Pinet, Bemanaja & Le Corre. Seabird and cetacean
observations of the southern seamounts.
Sonnekus, Bornman & Campbell. Phytoplankton
of the southern seamounts.
Laptikhovsky. Cephalopods of the southern
seamounts.
VOL 1 ISSUE 2 2011
lication and products
The following manuscripts are planned for a special issue of the scientific journal Progress in
Oceanography. The Mozambique Channel: Mesoscale Dynamics and Biological Production.
Guest editors: Ray Barlow (Bayworld Centre for
Research and Education), Jean-Francois Ternon
(Institut de recherche pour le développement,
IRD), Francis Marsac (IRD), Mike Roberts
(Department of Environmental Affairs).
Halo, Penven & Backeberg. Eddy properties in the
Mozambique Channel based on satellite altimetry
and two numerical model simulations.
Ternon, Barlow, Huggett, Kaehler, Marsac,
Menard, Potier & Roberts. An overview of
recent field experiments on the ecosystem’s
mesoscale signature in the Mozambique Channel:
from physics to upper trophic levels.
Lamont, Menard, Barlow & van den Berg.
Characteristics of mesoscale features in the
Mozambique Channel using satellite altimetry.
Roberts et al. Mechanics of dipole eddies in the
western Mozambique Channel.
Roberts et al. Mid channel eddy fields in the
Mozambique Channel in December 2008 and
November 2009.
Ternon, Roberts, Morris, Hancke & Backeberg.
Current structures, surface advection and
connectivity issues in the Mozambique Channel:
the imprint of the mesoscale dynamics in a narrow
eddy corridor.
Malauene, Roberts, Shillington & Moloney.
Shelf edge upwelling off northern Mozambique.
Lamont, Barlow, Morris & van den Berg.
Phytoplankton variability associated with mesoscale
features in the Mozambique Channel.
Barlow, Lamont, Morris, Sessions & van
den Berg. Adaptation of phytoplankton in the
Mozambique Channel: pigment and absorption
characteristics.
Bornman, O’Reilley & Campbell. Phytoplankton
ecology of the Mozambique Channel.
Huggett et al. Biomass, vertical distribution and
community composition of zooplankton associated
with mesoscale eddies in the Mozambique
Channel.
Lebourges-Dhaussy, Huggett, Ockhuis &
Roudau. Zooplankton size and distribution
relationships with mesoscale structures in the
Mozambique Channel, as studied by both multiple
net sampler and TAPS acoustic profiler.
Menard et al. Patterns in stable isotope signatures
of micronekton across the Mozambique Channel.
Behagle et al. Mesoscale features and micronekton
in the Mozambique Channel: an acoustical
approach.
Potier, Marsac, Bach & Menard. Do mesocales
structures of the Mozambique Channel affect the
food web from mid-trophic levels to top predators?
Rohner, Weeks, Pierce, Richardson, Feldman &
Cliff. The regional oceanography influences whale
shark Rhincodon typus abundance off Praia do
Tofo, Mozambique.
José; Aumont, Penven, Machu, Moloney,
Shillington & Maury. The role of mesoscale
dynamics on the biogeochemical distribution in the
Mozambique Channel: A modelling approach.
Synthesis paper (guest editors).
Cruise Reports
Krakstad, J.O., Mehl, S., Roman, R., EscobarPorras, J., Stapley, J., Flynn, B., Olsen, M. &
Beck, I.M. 2008. East Madagascar Ecosystem
Survey Cruise Report. R/V Dr. Fridtjof Nansen,
Voyage 2008405. FAO-NORAD PROJECT NO:
GCP/INT/003/NOR. GEF UNDP Agulhas and Somali
Current Large Marine Ecosystems Project. 77 pp.
Olsen, E., Padera, M., Funke, M., Pires, P.,
Wenneck, T. & Zacarias, L. 2009. NorthMozambique Shelf Survey Cruise Report, EAFN2009. R/V Dr. Fridtjof Nansen, Voyage 2009. FAO
PROJECT: CCP/INT/003/NOR. GEF UNDP Agulhas
and Somali Current Large Marine Ecosystems
Project. 48 pp.
Mehl, S., Roman, R., Bornman, T.G., Bernard, K.,
Flynn, B. & Beck, I.M. 2008. Mauritius Ecosystem
Survey Cruise Report. R/V Dr. Fridtjof Nansen,
Voyage 2008406. FAO-NORAD PROJECT NO:
GCP/INT/003/NOR. GEF UNDP Agulhas and Somali
Current Large Marine Ecosystems Project. 36 pp.
Alvheim, O., Torstensen, E., Fennessy, S.,
MacKay, F., Zaera, D. & Bemiasa J. 2009. West
Madagascar Ecosystem Survey, EAF – N2009. R/V
Dr. Fridtjof Nansen, Voyage 2009. FAO PROJECT:
CCP/INT/003/NOR. GEF UNDP Agulhas and Somali
Current Large Marine Ecosystems Project. 82 pp.
Strømme, T., Ansorge, I., Bornman, T.G.,
Kaehler, S., Ostrowski, M., Tweddle, D. &
Alvheim, O. 2008. Mascarene Plateau Survey Cruise
Report, EAF-N2008/7. R/V Dr. Fridtjof Nansen,
Voyage 2008407 and 2008408. FAO PROJECT:
CCP/INT/003/NOR. GEF UNDP Agulhas and Somali
Current Large Marine Ecosystems Project. 52 pp.
Roman, R., Kaehler, S., Michalsen, K., Olsen,
M. & Perri, M. 2009. Comoros Gyre Ecosystem
Survey, EAF - N2009. R/V Dr. Fridtjof Nansen,
Voyage 2009. FAO PROJECT: CCP/INT/003/NOR.
GEF UNDP Agulhas and Somali Current Large
Marine Ecosystems Project. 32 pp.
Sven Kaehler, S., Gammelsrød, T., Ternon, J-F.,
Morris, T., Potier, M., Cotel, P., Huggett, J., Dyer,
B., O’Reilly, B., Hill, J., Miggel, A., Pillay, K.,
Backeberg, B., Langa, A., Malaune, B., Benivary,
D. & Olsen, M. 2008. Mozambique Channel Survey
Cruise Report, EAF-N2008/7. R/V Dr. Fridtjof
Nansen, Voyage 2008409. FAO PROJECT: CCP/
INT/003/NOR. GEF UNDP Agulhas and Somali
Current Large Marine Ecosystems Project. 55 pp.
Rogers, A.D. Alvheim, O., Bemanaja, E.,
Benivary, D., Boersch-Supan, P.H., Bornman,
T.G., Cedras, R., Du Plessis, N., Gotheil, S.,
Hoines, A., Kemp, K., Kristiansen, J., Letessier,
T., Mangar, V., Mazungula, N., Mørk, T., Pinet,
P., Read, J. & Sonnekus, T. 2009. Southern Indian
Ocean Seamounts Cruise Report. R/V Dr. Fridtjof
Nansen, Cruise 410. IUCN / UNDP / ASCLME /
NERC / EAF Nansen Project. 182 pp.
Films
Durgadoo, J.V. & Schapira, M. 2009. Agulhas
Shelf Edge Survey Cruise Report. FRS Algoa,
Voyage 173. African Coelacanth Ecosystem
Programme, South African Institute for Aquatic
Biodiversity. 20 pp.
Ridderinkhof, H. 2009. LOCO Mooring Service
Cruise Report. FRS Algoa, Voyage 175. Royal NIOZ
/ GEF UNDP Agulhas and Somali Current Large
Marine Ecosystems Project. 17 pp.
Palmer, R., Bornman, T.G., Nieuwenhuys, C.,
Sonnekus, T., Connan, M., Porri, F., Schapira,
M., Reid, T., Thornton, M. & Dali, L. 2010.
Agulhas Bank Cruise Report. FRS Algoa, Voyage
177. African Coelacanth Ecosystem Programme,
South African Institute for Aquatic Biodiversity. 25 pp.
Ullgren, J. 2010. East Madagascar LOCO Mooring
Deployment Cruise Report. FRS Algoa, Voyage
179. Royal NIOZ / GEF UNDP Agulhas and Somali
Current Large Marine Ecosystems Project. 16 pp.
Bornman, T.G., Stratton, L. & Ullgren, J. 2010.
LOCO and ATLAS Mooring Service Cruise Report.
FRS Algoa, Voyage 178. NOAA / Royal NIOZ / GEF
UNDP Agulhas and Somali Current Large Marine
Ecosystems Project. 16 pp.
Newsletters
Rivers of Life, Oceans of Plenty. 26 Minute
documentary on the western Indian Ocean, produced
in collaboration with WIO-LaB. Available in English,
French, Kiswahili and Portuguese.
Current Affairs, Vol 1, Issue 1, April 2010
Included a DVD copy of Rivers of Life, Oceans of Plenty.
Planning for Change. Managing marine and
coastal resources in an unstable world. 10 Minute
documentary about climate change and its anticipated
impact on the western Indian Ocean region. Produced
in English, French and Portuguese.
ASCLME News, Vol 1, issue 1, Feb 2009.
ASCLME News, Vol 1, Issue 2, October 2009.
Website
http://www.asclme.org
53
SWIOFP & ASCLME Pro
Photo by Tim Andrew.
Photo by Maura Andrew.
Photo by Claire Attwood.
54
VOL 1 ISSUE 2 2011
oject in pictures
Photo by Maura Andrew.
Photo by Tommy Bornman.
Photo by Johann Augustyn.
Please send your photographs depicting the marine and coastal environment of the western Indian Ocean to Lorna Omondi Kyalo ([email protected]) or
Claire Attwood ([email protected]). We will publish them in future issues of Current News.
55
CURRENT
AFFAIRS
News from the ASCLME Project and SWIOFP
The Agulhas and Somali Current Large Marine
Ecosystems (ASCLME) Project and the
South West Indian Ocean Fisheries Project
(SWIOFP) contribute to a collective effort by
ten countries in the western Indian Ocean
region. The countries are working to introduce
an ecosystem approach to the management
of the region’s marine and coastal resources.
O Projecto dos Grandes Ecossistemas Marinhos
das Correntes de Agulhas e Somali (ASCLME) e
o Projecto de Pescas no Oceano Índico Sudoeste
(SWIOFP) contribuem para um esforço colectivo
empreendido por dez países na região do Oceano
Índico. Estes países estão a trabalhar para introduzir
uma abordagem de ecossistema para a gestão
dos recursos marinhos e costeiros da região.
The two projects are funded and
implemented by the Global Environment
Facility, the World Bank, the United Nations
Development Programme and the French
Fund for the Environment (Fonds Français pour
l’Environnement Mondial.)
Os dois projectos são financiados e implementados
pelo Fundo de Ambiente Global, o Banco
Mundial, o Programa das Nações Unidas para
o Desenvolvimento e o Fundo Francês para o
Ambiente (Fonds Français pour l’Environnement
Mondial).
ASCLME Project Coordination Unit
ASCLME House
18 Somerset Street, Grahamstown 6140, South Africa
Tel:+27 46 636 2984 Fax:+27 46 622 6621
Email: [email protected]
www.asclme.org
Editors: Rondolph Payet and David Vousden.
Newsletter coordinators: Claire Attwood and Lorna Omondi Kyalo.
Copy editor: James Stapley.
Contributors: Tim Andrew; Claire Attwood; Tommy Bornman;
Johan Groeneveld; Lorna Omondi Kyalo;
Frida Lanshammar; Rondolph Payet.
Design and DTP: Günther Komnick Studio.
French translation: www.alafrench.com
Portuguese translation:
www.folio-online.co.za
Photography: Maura Andrew; Tim Andrew; Claire Attwood;
Tommy Bornman; Johann Augustyn; Johan Groeneveld;
Gunther Komnick; Lucy Scott; Frida Lanshammar;
James Stapley; Claudio Velãsquez-Rojas.
Building an ecosystem approach to managing African marine resources
Le Projet des Grands Ecosystèmes Marins
d’Agulhas et de Somalie (ASCLME) et le
Projet de pêche pour le Sud-ouest de l’Océan
Indien (SWIOFP) contribuent à un effort
collectif entrepris par dix pays dans la région de
l’Océan indien occidental. Les pays travaillent
à introduire une approche écosystémique de
la gestion des ressources côtières et marines
de la région.
Les deux projets sont financés et mis en œuvre
par le Fonds pour l’Environnement Mondial, la
Banque Mondiale, le Programme des Nations
Unies pour le Développement et le Fonds
Français pour l’Environnement Mondial.
SWIOFP Regional Management Unit
Kenya Marine and Fisheries Research Institute
P.O. Box 81651- 80100, Mombasa, Kenya
Tel:+254 20 802 3924
Email: [email protected], [email protected]
www.swiofp.net