International Tax PPT Template_FINAL

China Tax Talk &
China's Zukunft –
The new normal
Vienna, Austria
24 June 2015
China Tax Talk
Considerations for Austrian Enterprises
Vienna, Austria
Conrad Turley
Senior Manager, Tax
China and Hong Kong SAR
24 June 2015
China Tax Talk - Agenda
A. General Tax Environment in China
B. Choosing and locating your China operating entity
C. Structuring into China and dealing with withholding taxes
D. Challenges for the Future
E. Takeaways
A. General Tax
Environment
Chinese taxes and other impositions on foreign enterprises
18 Taxes – Relative significance dependant on industry and nature of operations
Taxes on Income
Corporate Income Tax – 25%
Individual Income Tax - 3 to 45%
Land and Property
Turnover Taxes
Value Added Tax – 3, 6, 11, 17%
Business Tax – 3, 5%
Urban maint. and education – 13%
Consumption Tax - Various
Acquisition – Deed Tax – 3, 5%
Holding – Land Use Tax – 30 RMB p.s.m.
Real Estate Tax – 1.2% adjusted cost
Disposal – Land Appreciation Tax– 30 to
60% of gain
Other impositions
Social security (Employee/er)
Pension (8%/22%), Housing (7%/7%)
Medical (2%/12%), Maternity (0/1%)
Injury(0/.5%) Unemployment (1/1.7%)
Customs duty – 0 %to 50%
Stamp duty <0.1%
Vehicle Taxes, Agricultural Taxes
Resource Tax, Tonnage Tax
General Features of Corporate Income Tax System
Tax rates

Standard rate 25% (Chinese company or Permanent Establishment)

Small business: 20% rate for income < EUR40K; Taxed on half income where < EUR30K

Incentivized business: 15% - High Tech, Western Region

Withholding tax 10% subject to Treaty Relief
Tax calculation

Generally follow accounts – PRC GAAP broadly aligned with IFRS

Limitations on expense deductions – donations, advertising (15% revenue), entertainment (60%
actual), staff welfare (14% salary), education (2% salary) , thin capitalization (2:1 debt/equity)

Tax depreciation: aircraft, trains, ships, machinery - 10 years; tools, utilities, furniture - 5 years; other
transport - 4 years; electronic devices - 3 years; 60% time for pharma, IT, advanced manufacturing

R&D – Expensing of equipment and 150% super deduction

Tax loss 5 year carry forward – No grouping of losses
Tax compliance

Quarterly returns and payments – 15 days after end; Annual return – 5 months after end

Registration of tax branches around China and allocation of corporate tax base

TP related party payment filing and contemporaneous documentation (RMB200M trading; RMB40M
non-trading)
Local TP documentation requirements
Contemporaneous
transfer pricing
documentation
Related Party
Transactions
Annual Reporting
Forms
Thin capitalisation report
CIT Incentives popular with foreign investors

Very generous pre-2008 incentives directed at FIEs replaced by industry-specific national incentives

Care needed where local tax incentives/subsidies accepted as there is a national program to eliminate
local incentives not conforming to national policies
Public infrastructure
Environmental
protection
• Ports, airports, rail, public transport, power, water etc
• CIT 3-year exemption and 3-year 50% reduction, and allied VAT reductions
• Can vary as to whether project must be national or local NDRC-approved
• Refuse/sewerage treatment, energy and water conservation, emission control
•CIT 3-year exemption and 3-year 50% reduction, and allied VAT reductions
•10% CIT credit for specialized equipment
Western Regions
•Catalogue for Foreign Investment in Central and Western China
•Reduced CIT rate (15%), tax holidays, special expense/accelerated depreciation
deductions, land tax exemptions, lower tariffs on imported equipment
High and New
Technology Enterprise
(HNTE)
• Requirements for core IP ownership, sufficient R&D personnel, R&D expense as
a % of turnover, a % of profits generated from HNTE products
• 15% CIT rate and 150% super deduction available under related R&D credit
Integrated circuit
design/production and
software
• CIT 2-year exempt/ 3-year 50% reduction for circuit design/software -longer tax
holidays for circuit production
• Staff training expenses deduction and VAT refunds
EU vs China VAT – Key differences
Registration
Relief
Invoices
Rates
Cross-border
• VAT registration at branch level – Difficult to consolidate
• Excess VAT credits not generally refundable
• Carried forward but lost at liquidation
• No bad debt relief
• Golden VAT system separate to ERP system – complex reconciliation and risk control
• Special VAT invoices (authorities verify monthly)
• Electronic invoicing not widely available
• Multiple VAT rates - 3%, 6%, 11%, 13% and 17%
• Goods exports ‘zero rated’ but input VAT is refunded at 7 different rates
• Service exports generally ‘VAT exempt’
• No input credit (except R&D/design services, Fixed Asset Inputs)
• Service imports subject to VAT WHT, not reverse charge – Supplier needs ‘gross up’
Shifting Enforcement Landscape in China Tax
PRESENT
PAST
Safety in Numbers
Guilt by Association
• Unsophisticated officials
and poor detection
• “Guanxi”- relationship
•Pan industry audits - Pharma, Auto,
Hi- tech,...
• Over-zealous local officials
Future
FUTURE
Trust with Verification
• Transparency
• Tax internal Control
• Advance rulings
Increasing importance of Tax Controls


Move to “Co-operative Compliance”
o
Large Enterprise Department and Tax Compliance Agreement program
o
Guidance on tax compliance systems
Greater corporate investment in tax risk management systems
o
Tax authority pre-approvals abolished
o
Historic room for negotiating tax bills curtailed
o
Tax authority non-compliance detection capabilities improved
Tax Administration – Statute of Limitations, Penalties, APAs
Statute of Limitations
Non-TP
■ Current ALTC
Normal
- 3 years
■ Draft ALTC
Large sum
(> RMB 100k)
- 5 years
Normal
- 5 years
Tax evasion
- Indefinite
Simple failure to
report tax - 15
years*
TP
■ 10 Years
Late payment surcharge / Interest & Penalty
APAs
Non-TP
■
■
Current ALTC
o
LPS - 0.05% per day
o
Penalty - 50% to 500%
Draft ALTC
o
o
Interest - PBOC lending rate + X% with reduction
for cooperation
Penalty - 50% to 300%
TP
■
Interest - PBOC lending rate + 5%
• APA - unilateral, bilateral, multilateral
• Advance rulings for non-TP issues
o Prospective
o Of important economic impact
o Specifically complex
o Defying direct application of rules
B. Choosing and
locating your China
operating entity
Liberalized foreign investment access in China
- Updated Foreign Investment Catalogue (2015) and Draft Foreign Investment Law (~2017)
RESTRICTIONS: Catalogue
Guiding Foreign Investment
APPROVALS: Investment
pre-approvals system
• Encouraged
• Permitted
• Restricted
• Prohibited
• MOFCOM/Local Commerce Dept’s
• Other Ministries/Agencies for
special industries (e.g. Ministry of
Health, CSRC, SASAC)
April 2015 Catalogue reduces
restrictions
Foreign Investment Law (FIL)
to simplify investment
• Restricted sectors reduced
• JV/PRC majority ownership
• E-commerce 100% foreign
ownership permitted
• Real estate not restricted
•MOFCOM approval only for
restricted
•Duplicated supervision cut
SCRUTINY: National
Security Review (NSR) /AntiMonopoly Law (AML)
• NSR for infrastructure, transport,
resources, energy, etc
More targeted scrutiny
•VIE rules tightened
Foreign investors can use a variety of China business vehicles
Wholly Foreign Owned
Enterprise (WFOE)
• LLC with business scope approved by MOFCOM
• Total investment capital (Registered capital plus debt capacity) fixed at outset
• Need to reserve 10% of profits per annum (up to 50% of registered capital)
Representative Office
(RO)
•Limited to conducting non-revenue generating activities
• Business liaison, information collection, product introduction, market research
•Limits on foreign employees
•Taxed as branch on deemed profit (usually cost plus) basis
Domestic Joint
Ventures (JV)
•Locally-owned together with foreign enterprises - still required for some sectors
•Equity JV and legal person Cooperative JV taxed like LLC
•Non-legal person CJV originally taxed as ‘flow-through’ – now unclear
•WFOEs preferred to JVs – WFOE more independent and better IP protection
Foreign Invested
Partnerships (FIP)
• Use constrained by tax and regulatory ambiguities
• In principle flow-through tax treatment but concerns for PE exposures for foreign
partners
• Means for foreign enterprises to operate in restricted/ prohibited sectors
Variable Interest Entity • Locally owned enterprise has business licence - FIE charges for technical services and
licenses
(VIE)
• FIL focus on ‘real control’ – Foreign-controlled VIEs problematic
Still time-consuming to set up a WFOE but reforms accelerating process
Application procedures for the establishment of WFOE (5 to 6 months)
1. Registration of Chinese Name
with SAIC
2. Application for Approval Certificate
with MOCOM
3. Application for Business License
with SAIC
4. Post-establishment registrations with
various authorities
•Public Security Bureau
•Quality and Technology Supervision Bureau
•State Administration of Foreign Exchange
•Statistics Bureau
•Finance Bureau
•State and Local tax bureau
•Commercial bank to open bank accounts
•Customs
1 week

MOFCOM approvals delegated to provinces

More flexibility with registered capital (2014
changes)
1~2
months
2~3
weeks

1~2
months
o
No minimum registered capital
o
No timeframe for capital contribution
o
No requirement for cash registered capital
contribution
Foreign Investment Law (2017) :
o
No MOFCOM approval –
Encouraged/Permitted
o
Abolition of special ‘foreign invested entities’

FX reform eases FIE setup

“One Stop Shop” - Consolidation of all
registrations
C. Structuring into
China and dealing
with withholding taxes
Newly re-negotiated DTAs with EU countries
- “Leveling out” and alignment of China’s DTAs both in benefits and anti-avoidance protections
- Lessens historic relative advantage of Hong Kong, Singapore, Ireland as holding locations
-- Indirect investment structures replaced with Direct investment structures
Signing and
effective dates
Switzerland
Belgium
2009.10
2011.6
2013.5
Germany
2013.9
Netherlands
U.K.
PRC-Belgium DTA
PRC-Belgium DTA
France,
NL, Swiss DTAs
effective
effective
effective
from 29 Dec 2013
from 29 Dec 2013
from Jan 2015
2013.11
2014.3
2014.1
2015.1
PRC-UK
UK and DTA
Belgium
effective
DTAs
effective
fromfrom
13 Dec
Jan2013
2014
France
Belgium
UK
Netherlands
Switzerland
France
Germany
Date of
signature
1 Oct 2009
27 Jun 2011
31 May 2013
25 Sept 2013
26 Nov 2013
28 Mar 2014
Effective date
1 Jan 2014
1 Jan 2014
1 Jan 2015
1 Jan 2015
1 Jan 2015
Not effective
Dividend
5% (direct shareholding > 25%); otherwise 10%
Interest
10%
Royalties
Capital gains
7%
6% / 10%
6% / 10%
9%
6%/10%
6%/10%
Subject to
beneficial
ownership
test
0% (shareholding < 25% over 12-month period and non-land-rich); otherwise 10%
16
Austria-China DTA (1991) – Old and not very beneficial
Description/Income stream
Active
income
Passive
income
Capital
gain
Austria 1991 DTA
Best in class
Construction PE
6 months
12 months
Services PE
6 months in any 12 month period
183 days in any 12 month period
Dividends
7% (25% holding)
5% (25% holding)
Interest
10%
7% (HK, Belgium)
Royalties
10%
5% (HK)
Limitation of
Benefits
No provision
LOB in passive income articles
Property-rich
company
Taxable in China in accordance with
its domestic tax rules
If “50% value threshold” is exceeded
Non-propertyrich company
Not taxable in China (Ireland)
License fee/service payment considerations
Customs issues
WHT and treaty relief
 Disputes over customs on royalties
 Move from BT to VAT has eliminated
indirect WHT as a tax cost
 Core tech /brand IP embedded in
components/equipment
 Watch double VAT cash flow cost
 Royalties to be aggregated for
customs calculation
 CIT WHT DTA relief substance
requirements
 Services challenged as being
royalties
 Use of IP holding structures to reduce
WHT and ETR now questionable
 Can be better to roll
services/royalties into import
agreement
Austrian Co
Offshore
PRC
Tax deductions
Components/
Equipment
Transfer
License/
Service
agreement
 PE assertion (secondments) can delay
 Pre-approvals to tax recordals
 Registering service and tech import
agreements
 Deductions for intangibles/service
payments under pressure
 TP location specific advantages and
local marketing/production intangibles
Remitting payments
 Categorization disputes
(service/royalty) can delay remittance
Royalty/
Service fee
PRC Co
 March 2015 new measure entirely
denies deductions for payments to low
function offshore companies (10-year
retroactivity)
 Even more pressure when CBC
reporting rolled out
 Future simplification/restructuring of
arrangements?
Financing your WFOE – Debt or Equity?
Leveraging China
WHT and DTA relief
 Cross-border debt useful in dealing with
China cash-traps
 BT (5%+) and CIT WHT (10%)
leakage for cross-border debt
financing
 Restrictive foreign exchange rules limited
leverage of FIEs
Total investment (TI)
USD
Min registered
capital USD
< $3m
>$3m but < $10m
70% of TI
50% of TI
>$10m but < $30m
40% of TI
>$30m
33% of TI
 VAT transition late 2015 and input
credit to follow
 HK/Belgium 7% CIT WHT rate but
need substance
Austrian Co
 Cash pooling FX and tax regulations
 Treasury centres may be more
popular in future but watch BEPS!
Offshore
PRC
 Debt pushdown excluded by restrictions
on M&A borrowing/no loss grouping
Loan/
Equity
Interest
/Dividend
China Interest deductibility
 Domestic bank financing can be difficult
 Removal of limitation on M&A loans /FIE
leverage restriction opens way for more
debt financing in future
 Thin cap rules D/E ratio 2:1
PRC Co
 Tax thin cap = Regulatory thin cap
 New BEPS interest deduction rules
Selling into China
Typical PRC cross-border trading structures could come under greater
PE scrutiny going forward
Austrian Co
 Under Sales Indent model PRC staff
negotiate within price/condition
limits set by HK
 Final decision on order acceptance
/tenders with HK and all contract
signing in HK
Secondment PE issues
 Secondment a big focus of the
Chinese tax authorities since 2009
 Asserted that secondee acts for
Austria Co as Service PE – IIT, CIT,
VAT implications
 Old Austria DTA not the best
protection
 New guidance in 2013 allows for
better control of risks but still
need close focus on management
protocols and contracting
HK Marketing
Hub
 Have moved from low tax risk to
moderate tax risk due to filtering of
BEPS into China tax administrative
practice
Offshore
PRC
Staff
secondment
Marketing
support
fee
PRC Sales
Support Co
Liaison
Marketing hubs and PRC sales support
companies
Sales
 Risk that PRC tax authorities could
treat participation in
negotiations/marketing as enough for
Agency PE
 Alternative limited risk distributor
model also under pressure due to tax
authority TP emphasis on LSAs and
local marketing intangibles
 Even more pressure when CBC
reporting rolled out
Customers
(China)
China contract manufacturing/ procurement structures
Typical PRC cross-border contract manufacturing/procurement
structures could come under much greater PE scrutiny going forward
PE and TP risks
Austria Co
 Limited fee paid to contract processor/
procurement company supported in
past by Chinese tax authority
acceptance of TNMM
Other tax challenges
 Customs complexity (particularly
where bonded zones used for
import export)
 Customs on royalties for
technology licenses connected
with manufacturing
 Tax authority demands for TP “Selfadjustments”
Offshore
PRC
Delivery
processed
goods
 VAT export refunds
 VAT complexity where multiple
VAT ‘branches’ in China
 TP pressure has rise in recent years with
tax authority TP emphasis on LSAs and
local production intangibles
HK
“Manufacturer”/
Trader
 Secondment Service PE risks
Processing fee/
Procurement
assistance fee
PRC Contract
Manufacturer/
Procurement Co
Goods
purchases
Sales
 Even more pressure when CBC
reporting rolled out
 If BEPS PE proposals integrated into
China tax law greater risk of PE going
forward
• Anti-fragmentation rules
• Weakened ‘specific activity exclusions’
Liaison
• More rigorous review of level of
control/direction exercised by foreign
executives
Suppliers
(China)
Customers
(China)
New rules for indirect disposals of China assets – Announcement 7
Offshore
Investor
Look through

Hold A
(Tax Haven)


Hold B
(DTA country)
Offshore
PRC
PE
PRC Co
Announcement 7 [2015]
-
Indirect transfers of Chinese taxable assets
-
Arrangements without reasonable business purposes which aim to avoid
CIT
-
Re-characterised as direct transfers and taxed at 10%
Transactions caught
-
Transfer of foreign equity /partnership interests/ convertible bonds
-
Share dilutions/ reorganizations
Chinese taxable property
-
Assets of China ‘establishment’
-
Immovable property in China
-
Equity investment in PRC resident enterprises

Relief for reorganizations, stock market sales and treaty relief
(generally only for <25% holdings)

Ambiguity on tax calculation/allocation over China tax districts

WHT for purchasers heighten seller-purchaser conflicts of interest

Penalties and interest for non compliance
D. Challenges for the
Future
Tax Reform
VAT


Phased transition from Business Tax underway since 2012 with benefit that:

No indirect tax on service exports

Manufacturers can claim VAT input credit for services

Service providers can claim VAT input credit on goods/asset purchases
Transport, IT, consulting, media, communications already transitioned; RE, FS and entertainment in late 2015
BEPS
Permanent Establishment

New BEPS rules may require restructuring by contract manufacturers, procurement companies, indent
sales principals
Treaty Shopping

Tough approach to granting relief looking at commercial substance overseas
GAAR

New GAAR administration rules to facilitate GAAR use for Indirect Disposals and Treaties
Transfer Pricing

China concepts of Locations Specific Advantages and Local Intangibles used to push higher China profit
attribution

Increased scrutiny of outbound royalty/service payments and greater transparency with CbyC reporting
TP – Revisions to Circular 2 and CBC reporting mean full overview of MNE
value chain and more use of ‘profit split’ TP approaches in future
Employees by Location

Chinese tax authorities currently collate information on
global value chain mainly through TP audits

BEPS CbC reporting to allow use of group value chain
information in TP risk assessment and audit selection

Revised Chinese TP documentation (Circular 2) may
include BEPS CbC value chain quantitative information
(much lower revenue threshold than OECD CbC
proposal)

Chinese tax authorities’ TP data analytics capabilities
increasingly advanced and data pooling (other ministries,
foreign exchange information) improving

Expected that profit attributions for trading, group
financing and IP structures to be challenged, and more
PE disputes going forward
MISMATCH
Operating profit by Location
E. Takeaways
Checklist
Choice of
business
vehicle
• Choices regarding operating entity set to change with New Foreign Investment Law and FX
controls reform permitting new types of business arrangement (e.g. cash pooling, onshore
holding companies, cross-border financing)
• Awareness of current and future options important as choice of entity will lock you long-term
into particular tax treatments and operating arrangements
Tax reform
• China tax enforcement is becoming stricter and more formalized - arrangements in the past
based on negotiated positions with tax authorities are a thing of the past
• Need to consider tax risk management systems and possible use of tax authority co-operative
compliance arrangements
• Need capabilities in place to implement repeated changes to tax controls (e.g. for VAT reform)
BEPS
• Many tax structures for operating/investing in China will not work in future and may need to be
restructured
• Much more attention needs to be paid to transfer pricing documentation and need to consider
what the tax authorities know about your global value chain
Thank you
© 2015 KPMG Huazhen (Special General Partnership), a special
general partnership in China and a member firm of the KPMG
network of independent member firms affiliated with KPMG
International Cooperative (“KPMG International”), a Swiss entity.
All rights reserved. Printed in China.
The KPMG name, logo and ‘cutting through complexity’ are
registered trademarks or trademarks of KPMG International
Cooperative (KPMG International).
VR China/Österreich
Wirtschaft
1
 RAHMENBEDINGUNGEN
 FÜR ÖSTERREICHISCHE INVESTITIONEN
 IN DER VR CHINA
zanger bewegt
RA Dr. Georg Zanger M.B.L.-HSG
 seit 1975 Rechtsanwalt in Wien
 1993
1. Joint Venture im
pharmazeutischen Bereich
 1995
Antikorruptionskongress
 seit 2006 intensiv mit China beschäftigt
regelmäßige Vertretung chinesischer
Investoren in Österreich
Start ups für chinesische Unternehme
 2010
Gründung der ACBA
zanger bewegt
Investitionsabkommen EU-China
 Verhandlungen im Laufen für Gesamtabkommen
 Sicherung langfristiger Zugang zum chinesischen Markt
 Gleiche Wettbewerbsbedingungen
 Faires Beschaffungswesen
 Intellectual property
zanger bewegt
Erleichterungen für Ausländer
 2004: Gesetz über behördliche Zulassungsverfahren




privater Unternehmen
Erleichterungen bei der Firmenregistrierung
Erleichterung bei Einreisebestimmung
Erleichterung bei der Eröffnung von Devisenkonten
Revidierter Investitionskatalog 2015
zanger bewegt
Neuer Lenkungskatalog
 30.1.2012: neuer „Foreign Investment Industrial Guidance
Catalogue“



Liste relevanter Industriesektoren
Kategorien „gefördert“, „beschränkt“, „verboten“
Chinesische Mehrheiten teilweise gefordert

Z.B. nationales Immobiliengeschäft
 Shanghai Free Trade Zone (FTZ)
 Finanzmarkt liberalisiert
 Größere Spielräume im Dienstleistungsbereich
 2014: Entwurf „Foreign Investment Law“
 Soll 2017 verabschiedet werden
 Beschränkungen vielfach aufgehoben(v 79 auf 38)
 An Shanghai FTZ angepasst
 Beherrschung durch ausländische Investition vertraglich möglich
 National Security Review
zanger bewegt
Vorbereitung
 Verständigungsmängel
 Sprachbarrieren
 Kulturunterschiede
 rechtlichen Rahmenbedingungen
 Knigge im Geschäftsverkehr
zanger bewegt
Guanxi
 Tradition: Verbindung zwischen Personen
 Jeder Chinese ist Mitglied eines Netzwerkes
 Geschenke sind selbstverständlich und notwendig
 Beziehung nicht auf geschäftlichen Bereich beschränkt
 Leistungen werden finanziell nicht belohnt
 Erwartung gleicher Hilfe
 Einfluss nahezu in jedem Lebensbereich
 Richtiger Zeitpunkt (tian shi), richtiger Ort (tili) und
interpersonelle Harmonie (ren he) sind massgebend
 Absicherung gegen unzureichende Rechtsdurchsetzung
zanger bewegt
Strategeme
 36 Strategeme: List nach Kriegskunst
 „Siegesgewohnte Kämpfer gewinnen zuerst und
dann ziehen sie in den Krieg, während unterlegen
Kämpfer zuerst in den Krieg ziehen und dann auf
den Sieg hoffen müssen“ (Meister Tzu - Konfuzius)
 „Der General sit in seinem Angriff erfolgreich, wenn
sein Gegner nicht weiß, was er verteidigt, und er ist
erfolgreich in der Verteidigung, wenn sein gegener
nicht weiß, was sein Angriffsziel ist“ (Meister Tzu)
zanger bewegt
Neue Korruptionsbekämpfung
 Markenartikel: Hausdurchsuchungen
 Wettbewerbs- und Kartellbestimmungen
 COCA COLA&HUIYUAN untersagt
 Vertikale und horizontale Preisabsprachen
 Compliance-Ermittlungen
 Ausländische Investoren: Vorsicht angebracht!
zanger bewegt
Gesellschaftsformen
 Früher: klassisches Joint Venture (gemeinsames Wagnis)

Künftig vollumfänglich chinesische Regelungen
 Foreign (FIEs) Invested Partnerships (Beteiligungen)
 Gesellschaft mbH (regelmäßig gewählte Gesellschaftsform)




Keine Mindestkapitalanforderung (früher 30.000.-RMB)
Nur mehr gezeichnetes frei bestimmbares Kapital Grundlage
Jahresbericht mit Grunddaten ohne behördliche Kontrolle
Vorstand, AR
 Ein-Mann- Gesellschaft
 AG

Kein Mindestkapital
 Repräsentanz

Haftung Mutterhaus
zanger bewegt
M&A: Vielzahl von Normen
 Gesellschaftsrecht, teilweise chinesischer Partner
notwendig
 Bisher: Vielzahl von Ausführungsregeln



Sondervorschriften für M&A
Recht für Fusion und Aufspaltung
Gesetz zur Gründung von Unternehmen mit Auslandskapital
 Einheitliches Recht im Entwurf :
 “Drei Gesetze über ausländische Investitionen“
 Landesweit einheitliches Gesetz
 Keine Verfahren zur Verwaltungsüberprüfung und Genehmigung von Verträgen
zanger bewegt
Welches Recht gilt?
 in China registrierte Unternehmen:
 grundsätzlich chinesisches Recht
 auch für Vertragsstreitigkeiten aus dem
Gesellschaftsverhältnis
 Schiedsklauseln grundsätzlich zulässig
 Fremdes Recht nur im Verhältnis zu Auslandsfirmen
vereinbar
 Fremdes Recht auch für Managementverträge
zulässig
zanger bewegt
Due diligence

Schwierigkeiten:

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

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Prüfung des Gründungsdokuments des Vertragspartners
Gewerbeberechtigung
Firmenstempel („Company“- und „Contractchop“)
Hierarchie im Unternehmen
Details des Zielunternehmens
interne Organisation
bestehende Verträge mit Vorständen und leitenden Mitarbeitern
Rechte an Real state
Eingetragene Patente, Marken, Urheberrechte
Lizenzen
Anlagengenehmigung
Umweltschutz
Verwaltungsverfahren
welche Rechtsstreitigkeiten?
allenfalls Strafverfahren?
Vertrauensperson vor Ort notwendig, die gut vernetzt ist
zanger bewegt
Der bessere Schutz für Investoren durch
neue Gesetze
 ein Antimonopolgesetz,
 das Antidumpinggesetz,
 eine Vielfalt von Verordnungen über die Marktaufsicht
 ein Bankenaufsichtsgesetz
 das neue Kartellgesetz
 Stiftungsregeln eingeführt und
 ein allgemeines Sozialversicherungsgesetz geschaffen
und
 der Schutz des Privateigentums in der Verfassung
festgeschrieben.
 Produkthaftungsgesetz
zanger bewegt
Mitarbeiterentsendung nach China
 Betriebsstätte
 Arbeitsvertrag mit
 Österreichischem Unternehmen
 chinesischem Unternehmen
 Visum, Aufenthaltsberechtigung
 Arbeitsgenehmigung, Arbeitsvertrag
 Einkommenssteuer für Ausländer
 Sozialversicherung
zanger bewegt
IPR
 Urheberrecht (1990)
 Markenrecht (Novelle 1.5.2014!), Madrid-Protokoll!
 Patentrecht (1993)
 Wettbewerbsrecht (1993
zanger bewegt
BRANDING in CHINA
 Keine langsame Entwicklung
 Plötzliches Chaos
 Fehlen eines Qualitätsstandard
 Schlechte Produkte
 Skandale
 Strategeme
 Geistiger Diebstahl
 Harter Wettkampf
zanger bewegt
NATIONALE/ INTERNATIONALE MARKE
 Coca cola
 Bmw
 Chinesische internationale marke?
 National: stärkste Markenanmeldung weltweit
zanger bewegt
VERTRAUEN
 Wenn marke bekannt ist, muss sie gut sein
 Gesicht : Statussymbol
 Employer Branding: weniger Fluktuation
zanger bewegt
Jing Jang
 Balance China Ausland
 Marke muss einprägsam sein
 Hohe Akzeptanz ist Ziel
 Internet Click
 Bei chinesischen Marken öfters
zanger bewegt
China erfindet Marke neu
 Gefahr bei Übesetzung
 Gucci: Ku qi = weinen
 Facebook: Fei si Bu Ke = sterben
 Erfolgreich
 Coca Cola: Kekukele
 Mc Donalds: Mai Jang Lao
zanger bewegt
Kriterien
 Einfügsam
 Unverwechselbar
 Beziehung zum Produkt
zanger bewegt
Markenbildung
 Analyse
 Strategie
 Brainstorming
 Entwicklung
 Rechtliche Prüfung
 Implementation
zanger bewegt
Marke-Registrierung
 Wörter, Abbildungen,Farbkombiunationen,Klänge
 Schutz nur nach Registrierung
 Schutzdauer 10 Jahre
zanger bewegt
Registrierungsverfahren
 Anmeldung
 Vorprüfung
 Veröffentlichung
 Widerspruchsfrist 3 Monate
zanger bewegt
Rechtsdurchsetzung
 Verwaltungsverfahren
 Zivilverfahren
 Strafverfahren
zanger bewegt
Durchsetzung: Praxis
 Whistleblower
 Verdeckte Ermittlungen
 Antrag beim AIC
 Hausdurchsuchung
 Satrafe durch AIC
 Zivilklage
 Schadenersatz
zanger bewegt
Produktzertifizierung
 China Compulsory Certification (CCC)
 CCC-Katalog 2002
 Produkte von in- und ausländischen Herstellern
 Auch Ersatzteile
 Kontrolle durch den Zoll
 Ausnahmen Import ohne CCC
 Persönlicher Gebrauch für Messen etc. und Wiederausfuhr
 Import von geringer Menge mit Test in China
zanger bewegt
Wenn Sie keinen chinesischen Namen haben, wird
einer erfunden!
非死不可 Fei Si Bu Ke
= Unbedingt sterben
aus dem Vortrag von Frau Janet Mo, Zentron Consulting, zum
Thema Pǐnpái – Markenbildung in China im Rahmen einer ACBA‐
Veranstaltung am 25.09.2014 in Wien
zanger bewegt
(Diese Marken haben
teilweise offizielle Namen…)
哭泣 ku qi = weinen
Chinesische Übersetzung von Markennamen
zanger bewegt
Austrian Chinese Business Association ACBA
zanger bewegt
Danke für Ihre Aufmerksamkeit
zanger bewegt