Plano Nacional de Pós-Graduação 2011-2020 Volume II - PDI
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Plano Nacional de Pós-Graduação 2011-2020 Volume II - PDI
PLANO NACIONAL DE PÓS-GRADUAÇÃO (PNPG) 2011-2020 Documentos Setoriais Volume II Brasília, dezembro de 2010 O PNPG 2011-2020, editado pela Fundação Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior &$3(6 WHP FRPR REMHWLYR GH¿QLU QRYDV GLUHWUL]HV HVWUDWpJLDV H PHWDV SDUD GDU FRQWLQXLGDGH H DYDQoDU QDVSURSRVWDVSDUDDSROtWLFDGHSyVJUDGXDomRHSHVTXLVDQR%UDVLO3DUDOHODPHQWHDHVWH3ODQRHVWiVHQGR HODERUDGRRQRYR3ODQR1DFLRQDOGH(GXFDomR31(HPRXWUDVLQVWkQFLDVGR0(&HGHyUJmRVGRJRYHUQR H[LJLQGRDFRRUGHQDomRGHSURSRVWDVHDWLYLGDGHV'HIDWRSHODSULPHLUDYH]XPSODQRQDFLRQDOGHHGXFDomR FRQWHPSODUiDVSURSRVWDVGHGLUHWUL]HVHSROtWLFDVGRHQVLQRGHSyVJUDGXDomRLVVRSRUTXHR313*VHUiSDUWH LQWHJUDQWHGR31( Comissão Nacional D)UDQFLVFR&pVDUGH6i%DUUHWR±3UHVLGHQWH b) Álvaro Toubes Prata - UFSC; c) Abilio Afonso Baeta Neves - UFRGS; d) Adalberto Luis Val - INPA; e) Adalberto Ramon Vieyra - UFRJ; f) Celso Pinto de Melo - UFPE; J-RVp)HUQDQGHVGH/LPD6HFUHWDULDGH(VWDGRGD(GXFDomRGH6HUJLSH h) Ricardo Gattass - UFRJ; 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O dado para 2008 é próximo de 30 mil, por causa do aumento de revistas brasileiras indexadas. A PG BRASILEIRA NO ANO DE 2020 41 4XDGUR Fonte: dados do MCT 2Q~PHURGHSXEOLFDo}HVpXPDIXQomRGLUHWDGRQ~PHURGHGRXWRUHVIRUPDGRVMi TXHDVWHVHVGHGRXWRUDGRGHYHPSURGX]LUHPSULQFtSLRWUDEDOKRVGHSDGUmRLQWHUQDFLRQDO PDVWHPVLGRXPDUHODomRGHFUHVFHQWH$WpPHDGRVGRVDQRVHUDPDSUR[LPDGDPHQWH SXEOLFDo}HVSRUIRUPDGRDSDUWLUGDtDSURSRUomRFDLXSDUDPHQRVGH4XDGUR 4XDGUR Fonte: dados do MCT 42 A PG BRASILEIRA NO ANO DE 2020 8P GRV LQGLFDGRUHV PDLV XWLOL]DGRV SDUD PHGLU R LPSDFWR GRV DUWLJRV FLHQWt¿FRV pRQ~PHURGHYH]HVHPTXHHOHpFLWDGRSRURXWURVDXWRUHV([LVWHWDPEpPXPFiOFXOR TXHVHGHQRPLQD³ËQGLFH+´TXHFRPSDUDRVDUWLJRVPDLVFLWDGRVGHFDGDDXWRURXJUXSR GHDXWRUHVQRFDVRDXWRUHVEUDVLOHLURVFRPDVFLWDo}HVTXHUHFHEHP56HJXQGRDPERV FULWpULRVDTXDOLGDGHGDVSXEOLFDo}HVEUDVLOHLUDVpEDVWDQWHEDL[DVHFRPSDUDGDFRPRXWURV SDtVHVGHSURGXomRFLHQWt¿FDGHFHUWRYROXPHVySHUGHQGRSDUD&KLQD5~VVLDH7XUTXLD 4XDGUR2XWURGDGRLPSRUWDQWHpTXHRLPSDFWRPHGLGRSHORQ~PHURGHFLWDo}HVYHP FDLQGRDRORQJRGRVDQRV4XDGUReQRUPDOTXHQRVDQRVPDLVUHFHQWHVRQXPHURGH FLWDo}HVVHMDDLQGDSHTXHQRPDVDWHQGrQFLDGHTXHGDQR%UDVLOpPDLVDFHQWXDGDGRTXH SRUH[HPSORDGHGRLVSDtVHVTXHHVWDPRVXWLOL]DQGRSDUDFRPSDUDU&RUpLDH,WiOLD Quadro 7 Publicações científicas e citações, Scopus, 1996-2008 País 5 Documentos Documentos citáveis Citações Autocitações Citações por documento índice 1 United States 4,307,536 4,093,725 72,315,171 33,964,623 17.29 1,023 2 United Kingdow 1,242,464 1,149,767 17,140,454 4,282,684 14.78 619 3 Japan 1,220,415 1,197,781 1,953,831 3,783,244 10.12 480 4 China 1,217,169 1,210,267 3,969,504 2,038,379 4.61 237 5 Germany 1,132,583 1,093,560 14,435,211 3,952,207 13.46 542 6 France 822,978 793,722 9,987,207 2,409,794 12.88 497 7 Canada 628,843 603,080 8,371,847 1,721,035 14.84 483 8 Italy 608,338 581,345 6,809,577 1,656,582 12.29 432 9 Spain 448,240 424,983 4,373,765 1,166,471 11.07 338 10 Russain Federation 405,278 402,933 1,778,817 558,282 4.42 239 11 Australia 400,860 379,694 4,709,170 1,046,069 13.4 368 12 India 391,687 375,928 1,974,974 685,821 5.77 202 13 Netherlands 346,687 332,278 5,348,158 957,715 16.88 418 14 South Korea 318,480 314,108 2,076,627 500,633 8.14 224 15 Sweden 249,888 241,935 3,820,670 682,671 16.2 372 16 Switzerland 247,319 237,718 4,178,226 618,639 18.6 422 17 Brazil 235,216 229,522 1,509,255 479,730 7.93 212 ´$VFLHQWLVWKDVLQGH[KLIKRI>KLVKHU@1SSDSHUVKDYHDWOHDVWKFLWDWLRQVHDFKDQGWKHRWKHU1SïKSDSHUVKDYHDWPRVWK citations each”. (http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/H-index 43 A PG BRASILEIRA NO ANO DE 2020 País Documentos Documentos citáveis Autocitações Citações Citações por documento índice 18 Taiwan 233,198 228,847 1,514,306 394,815 7.88 187 19 Poland 209,076 206,022 1,250,544 359,402 6.61 208 20 Belgium 188,150 181,079 2,462,076 398,841 14.41 323 21 Turkey 170,616 162,296 821,820 243,162 6.03 139 22 Israel 154,155 148,604 2,037,712 326,314 14.07 309 23 Austria 130,299 124,708 1,590,326 245,409 13.56 281 24 Denmark 129,590 125,332 2,075,889 327,844 17,21 303 25 Finland 124,184 121,358 1,714,200 310,191 15.1 273 Fonte: SCImago Journau & Country Rank, http://www.scimagojr.com/countryrank.php Quadro 8 Citações por documento Brasil Coreia Itália 1996 7.17 7.55 1.07 1998 11.49 11.23 18.05 2000 11.12 11.70 16.68 2002 9.30 10.25 14.76 2004 7.17 7.55 11.07 2006 3.68 3.89 6.21 2008 0.74 0.86 1.40 Fonte: SCImago Journal & Country Rank, http://www.scimagojr.com/countryrank.php Baixo número de patentes 2Q~PHURGHSDWHQWHVEUDVLOHLUDVUHJLVWUDGDVSRUDQRPHQRVGHPLOpH[WUHPDPHQWH EDL[RFRPSDUDGRFRPSDtVHVFRPRD&KLQDPLO&RUpLDGR6XOPLO ) U D Q o D PLO$OHPDQKDPLO,WiOLDPLO-DSmRPLO5~VVLDPLO,QJODWHUUD mil) e Estados Unidos (240 mil)6(PWRGRRPXQGRDPDLRUSDUWHGDVSDWHQWHVpUHJLVWUDGD SRU HPSUHVDV PXLWDV YH]HV HP SDUFHLUD FRP SHVTXLVDGRUHV RX LQVWLWXLo}HV DFDGrPLFDV 3DUDID]HUVHQWLGRFRPHUFLDOPHQWHXPDSDWHQWHSUHFLVDVHUUHJLVWUDGDQRVPHUFDGRVPDLV LPSRUWDQWHVHWHUFRQGLo}HVGHVHUOHJDOPHQWHGHIHQGLGDVHPFDVRGHHQIULQJLPHQWR3RU 6 Dados da World Intellectual Property Organization, http://www.wipo.int/ipstats/en/statistics/patents/ 44 A PG BRASILEIRA NO ANO DE 2020 LVWRRFXVWRGHUHJLVWURGHSDWHQWHVVHWRUQDPXLWRDOWRHUHTXHUDSDUFHULDDWLYDGHXPD HPSUHVDLQWHUHVVDGDHPH[SORUiODFRPHUFLDOPHQWH&RPDDEHUWXUDGDHFRQRPLDEUDVLOHLUD DSDUWLUGHPHDGRVGRVDQRVRQ~PHURGHSDWHQWHVHVWUDQJHLUDVUHJLVWUDGDVQR%UDVLO DXPHQWRXVLJQL¿FDWLYDPHQWHPDVRQ~PHURGHSDWHQWHVGHDXWRUHVEUDVLOHLURVTXDVHQmRVH DOWHURX4XDGUR(VWHVGDGRVQmRVLJQL¿FDPQHFHVVDULDPHQWHTXHDSHVTXLVDDFDGrPLFD EUDVLOHLUD QmR WHQKD SUHRFXSDo}HV GH WLSR DSOLFDGR 2 TXH VLJQL¿FD p TXH H[LVWH SRXFD LQRYDomRQRVHWRUHPSUHVDULDOQDFLRQDOHTXHRVYtQFXORVHQWUHDSHVTXLVDPDLVDYDQoDGD TXHVHGiMXQWRDRVSURJUDPDVGHSyVJUDGXDomRHRVHWRUSURGXWLYRVmRPXLWRGpEHLV Quadro 9. Fonte: World Intellectual Property Organization A redução do investimento em estudos no exterior. 'DGD D TXDOLGDGH UHODWLYDPHQWH EDL[D GD SURGXomR FLHQWt¿FD EUDVLOHLUD H VHX LVRODPHQWRHPUHODomRDRVHWRUSURGXWLYRVHULDGHVHHVSHUDUTXHKRXYHVVHXPDSROtWLFD GHLQWHQVL¿FDUVHXVYtQFXORVFRPRVFHQWURVXQLYHUVLWiULRVPDLVGHVHQYROYLGRVWDOFRPR RID]HPSDtVHVHPGHVHQYROYLPHQWRFRPRD&KLQDD&RUpLDGR6XODËQGLDHPXLWRV RXWURV&RPSDUDGRFRPHVWHVSDtVHVR%UDVLOSRVVXLXPQ~PHURUHGX]LGRGHHVWXGDQWHV HPFXUVRVDYDQoDGRVQRH[WHULRUHRVLQYHVWLPHQWRVJRYHUQDPHQWDLVHPSURJUDPDVGH GRXWRUDGRQRH[WHULRUYHPGLPLQXLQGRDRLQYpVGHDXPHQWDU2VGDGRVGR4XDGUR A PG BRASILEIRA NO ANO DE 2020 45 PRVWUDPRVQ~PHURVGHHVWXGDQWHVGHSyVJUDGXDomRHVWUDQJHLURVQRV(VWDGRV8QLGRV FRP D JUDQGH SUHVHQoD LQFOXVLYH GH HVWXGDQWHV GH RXWURV SDtVHV GHVHQYROYLGRV 2 %UDVLOQmRVyHVWiUHGX]LQGRRQ~PHURWRWDOGHHVWXGDQWHVDYDQoDGRVQRH[WHULRUFRPR WDPEpPUHGX]RSHVRUHODWLYRGRV(VWDGRV8QLGRVTXHFRQFHQWUDRVSULQFLSDLVFHQWURV XQLYHUVLWiULRVH[LVWHQWHV4XDGUR 4XDGUR Estudantes estrangeiros em cursos de pós graduação nos Estados Unidos, 2008/9 India 71,019 China 57,452 Canada 13,185 Japan 6,287 Mexico 4,148 Turquia 6,838 Vietnam 1,944 Arabia Saudita 2,903 Alemanha 3,640 Brasil 3,016 Inglaterra 2,468 Fonte: Institute of International Education, Open Doors 2009 Report on International Educational Exchange, table 2 4XDGUR Fonte: MCT 46 A PG BRASILEIRA NO ANO DE 2020 O mercado de trabalho 8PD DQiOLVH FXLGDGRVD GD VLWXDomR GH WUDEDOKR GRV GRXWRUHV WLWXODGRV QR %UDVLO cruzando dados do Cadastro de Titulados da CAPES/MCT, da Relação Anual de ,QIRUPDo}HV 6RFLDLV 5$,6 H GR &DGDVWUR 1DFLRQDO GH ,QIRUPDo}HV 6RFLDLV 036 SHUPLWLXLGHQWL¿FDUFHUFDGHPLOSHVVRDVFRPHVWDVWLWXODo}HVREWLGDVHQWUHH PXLWRVGRVTXDLVGHJUDGXDomRUHFHQWHVHPYLQFXORIRUPDOGHHPSUHJR 724XDGUR GiDVLWXDomRGHWUDEDOKRGRVFRPHPSUHJRIRUPDOLGHQWL¿FDGR2TXHVHREVHUYD pTXHJUDQGHPDLRULDWUDEDOKDRXHPLQVWLWXLo}HVGHHQVLQRRXQRVHWRUS~EOLFRHPXLWR SURYDYHOPHQWHHPLQVWLWXLo}HVS~EOLFDVGHHQVLQR$QDOLVDQGRRVUHVXOWDGRVHQFRQWUDGRV RVDXWRUHVREVHUYDPTXH2HPSUHJRGHPDLVGHLVWRpPDLVGHGRVGRXWRUHV HPLQVWLWXLo}HVGHHQVLQRHGDDGPLQLVWUDomRS~EOLFDFRPELQDGRFRPRHPSUHJRGHDSHQDV GHOHVQDLQG~VWULDGHWUDQVIRUPDomRpFHUWDPHQWHXPDLQGLFDomRGDDLQGDUHGX]LGD SDUWLFLSDomRGRVHWRUSURGXWLYRQRHVIRUoRGH3'HLQRYDomRH[LVWHQWHQR3DtVHP eLQWHUHVVDQWHQRWDUTXHDVDWLYLGDGHVDVVRFLDWLYDVIRUDPUHVSRQViYHLVSHORHPSUHJR GHGRVGRXWRUHVQRDQRGHHQTXDQWRTXHDVLQVWLWXLo}HVWtSLFDVGH3'IRUDP UHVSRQViYHLVSRUDSHQDVGDTXHOHHPSUHJReLPSRUWDQWHOHPEUDUTXHHVWmRLQFOXtGDV HQWUHDVLQVWLWXLo}HVHPSUHJDGRUDVFODVVL¿FDGDVFRPRWHQGRD3'FRPRVXDDWLYLGDGH HFRQ{PLFD SULQFLSDO DTXHODV TXH GHVHQYROYHP DWLYLGDGHV GH SHVTXLVD EiVLFD DSOLFDGD H H[SHULPHQWDO PDV HVWmR H[FOXtGDV DV TXH GHVHQYROYHP DWLYLGDGHV GH HGXFDomR H TXH WDPEpPVHGHGLTXHPDDWLYLGDGHVGH3'S 7 Centro de Gestão e Estudos Estratégicos. “Características do Emprego dos Doutores Brasileiros: Características do emprego formal no ano de 2004 das pessoas que obtiveram título de doutorado no Brasil no período 1996-2003.” CGEE, Brasília, 2008 A PG BRASILEIRA NO ANO DE 2020 47 4XDGUR Tabela 5 - 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Distribuição dos programas de pós-graduação por região do Brasil8. Os dados referentes à Amazônia representam a soma dos programas existentes na região Norte com aqueles existentes nos estados do Maranhão e Mato Grosso. M=mestrado; D=Doutorado; F=Mestrado Profissional. 6 Regiões Total M D F Centro-Oeste 300 190 92 18 Nordeste 729 475 212 42 Norte 175 124 44 7 Sudeste 2279 1256 875 148 Sul 873 526 290 57 Brasil 4356 2571 1513 272 Amazônia Vide nota 6. CARDOSO06)RUPDomRHIL[DomRGHSHVTXLVDGRUHVQDUHJLmR1RUWHGR%UDVLO23URMHWR1RUWHGH3yVJUDGXDomRH pesquisa/CAPES. Dissertação de Mestrado. PPG Sociologia. Universidade de Brasília. Resumo. Sociedade e Estado%UDVtOLD 509. 8 &$3(60HVWUDGRV'RXWRUDGRVUHFRQKHFLGRVKWWSFRQWHXGRZHEFDSHVJRYEUFRQWHXGRZHE3URMHWR5HODFDR&XUVRV6HUYOH t?acao=pesquisarRegiao. 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(2005) Um novo momento para a pesquisa e a pós-graduação na Amazônia. 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D. & HUBEU23URSRVWDSDUDGHILQLomRGRVOLPLWHVJHRJUiILFRVGD$PD]{QLD²6tQWHVHGRVUHVXOWDGRVGHXP seminário de consulta a peritos organizado pela Comissão Europeia em colaboração com a Organização do Tratado de Cooperação $PD]{QLFD²&&3,6SUDGHMXQKRGH(XURSHDQ&RPPLVVLRQH27&$(VWHGRFXPHQWRIRLFRQVXOWDGRHPGHDEULOGH 2010 no endereço http://ies.jrc.ec.europa.eu/uploads/fileadmin/Documentation/Reports/Global_Vegetation_Monitoring/EUR_2005/ eur21808_bz.pdf 18 VAL, A.L.; ALMEIDA-VAL, V.M.F.; FEARNSIDE, P.M.; SANTOS, G.M.; PIEDADE, M.T.F.; JUNK, W.; NOZAWA, S.R.; SILVA, S.T. & DANTAS, F.A&$PD]{QLD5HFXUVRVKtGULFRVHVXVWHQWDELOLGDGH$FDGHPLD%UDVLOHLUDGH&LrQFLDV1RSUHOR 19 Vide nota 20 17 AMAZÔNIA 105 $RODGRGRWUDQVSRUWHHGDHQHUJLDDiJXDpWDPEpPIRQWHLPSRUWDQWHGHDOLPHQWR QRGLDDGLDGRKRPHPGDUHJLmRTXHDSUHVHQWDXPGRVPDLRUHVFRQVXPRVper capita de SHVFDGRGRSDtVeIRQWHGHDOLPHQWRHGHWUDEDOKR±DDWLYLGDGHSHVTXHLUDQDUHJLmRJHUD PDLVGHPLOHPSUHJRVGLUHWRVHFHUFDGHYH]HVPDLVGHIRUPDLQGLUHWD20&RQWXGR FRPRRFRQVXPRHVWiFRQFHQWUDGRHPSRXFDVHVSpFLHVSRXFRPDLVGHXPDGH]HQDGDV PDLVGHHVSpFLHVFRQKHFLGDVKiVLQDLVGHVREUHSHVFDHPDOJXQVSRQWRVGDUHJLmR SULQFLSDOPHQWHQRHQWRUQRGDVJUDQGHVFLGDGHV+iWUrVHOHPHQWRVQHVVDFDGHLDSURGXWLYD DLQGDIUDJPHQWDGDTXHPHUHFHGHVWDTXH2SULPHLURUHIHUHVHjSHVFDHPVLLQFOXLQGRRV DUWHIDWRVRVSUR¿VVLRQDLVVXDVRUJDQL]Do}HVDHFRQRPLDHQYROYLGDHDVYXOQHUDELOLGDGHV GRVHWRU2GLPHQVLRQDPHQWRGHVVDVTXHVW}HVHVWiIUDJLOPHQWHH[SOLFLWDGR2VHJXQGRSRQWR UHIHUHVHjSURGXomRGRSHVFDGRHPVLVWHPDVGHFULDomRSRUPHLRGHWHFQRORJLDVDYDQoDGDV $LPSODQWDomRGHVLVWHPDVGHFULDomRDYDQoDDSDVVRVODUJRVQDUHJLmRHKiTXHVHWHUR devido suporte, incluindo os seus efeitos sobre o ambiente, fontes de ração, produção de DOHYLQRVHWF5HVVDOWHVHTXHHVVHGHVD¿RHVWHQGHVHSDUDRVSHL[HVRUQDPHQWDLV2LQWHUHVVH SRU HVVD iUHD p WmR JUDQGH TXH RXWURV SDtVHV Mi SURGX]HP SHL[HV DPD]{QLFRV YDOHQGR VHGHWHFQRORJLDVPRGHUQDV1RHQWDQWRIRLDSHQDVQRLQtFLRGHVWHDQRGHTXHVH LQLFLRXXPSURJUDPDGHSyVJUDGXDomRHP$TXLFXOWXUD7URSLFDOQD$PD]{QLD2WHUFHLUR HOHPHQWRpDDJUHJDomRGHYDORUDRSHVFDGRSDUDH[SRUWDomRRTXHUHTXHUFDSDFLWDomRQD iUHDGH7HFQRORJLDGH$OLPHQWRV(YLGHQWHPHQWHHVVHVSRQWRVSRGHPVHGHVGREUDUHVHU analisados sob diferentes aspectos21&RQWXGRWRGDVDVDo}HVQHVVDiUHDFRQYHUJHPSDUD XPDQHFHVVLGDGHFRPXPSHVVRDOWUHLQDGRSDUDSURGX]LUHVHDSURSULDUGDLQIRUPDomR Mineração ,QYHVWLPHQWRV VLJQL¿FDWLYRV YrP VHQGR UHDOL]DGRV QDV DWLYLGDGHV GH PLQHUDomR QD $PD]{QLD SRU VH WUDWDU GH XPD UHJLmR FRP GHSyVLWRV PLQHUDLV GLYHUVL¿FDGRV H HP DEXQGkQFLD$OpP GRV GHSyVLWRV PLQHUDLV FRQYHQFLRQDLV D$PD]{QLD HVWi FRQWULEXLQGR DGLFLRQDOPHQWH FRP D PLQHUDomR GH SHWUyOHR +i GRLV DVSHFWRV TXH PHUHFHP DWHQomR HP UHODomR jV DWLYLGDGHV GH PLQHUDomR QD $PD]{QLD D LQFOXVmR VRFLDO H RV LPSDFWRV DPELHQWDLV1RSULPHLURFDVRpGHIXQGDPHQWDOLPSRUWkQFLDTXHPHGLGDVGHWUHLQDPHQWR GH SHVVRDO SDUD D LQFOXVmR HP DWLYLGDGHV SUySULDV GH PLQHUDomR H DJUHJDomR GH YDORU VHMDPGLVVHPLQDGDVHDGRWDGDVSURQWDPHQWH+iLQGtFLRVGHVLJQL¿FDWLYRJUDXGHSREUH]D H[DWDPHQWHQRHQWRUQRGRVJUDQGHVSURMHWRVGHPLQHUDomRQD$PD]{QLDRTXHQmRFRQGL] FRPDH[SORUDomRGHXPDULTXH]DTXHpQDFLRQDO1RTXHVHUHIHUHDRDPELHQWHTXDOTXHU 20 CABRAL JR, W. & ALMEIDA,27$YDOLDomRGRPHUFDGRGDLQG~VWULDSHVTXHLUDQD$PD]{QLDSIn: A indústria SHVTXHLUDQD$PD]{QLD27$OPHLGDHG,EDPD3URYDU]HD0DQDXV 21 SANTOS, G.M.; 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Coordenador do CRISP - Centro de Estudos em Criminalidade e Segurança Pública da UFMG e professor do Departamento de Sociologia e Antropologia, e dos programas de Mestrado em Sociologia e Doutorado em Sociologia e Política da UFMG. Foi professor visitante do Centre for Brazilian Studies da Universidade de Oxford na Inglaterra, sendo também Pesquisador do CNPq no nível 1-C. 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A criminalidade urbana violenta no Brasil: um recorte temático. BIB, Rio de Janeiro, n.35, 1 sem. Zaluar, $OED9LROrQFLDH&ULPH,Q24XH/HUQD&LrQFLD6RFLDO%UDVLOHLUD$132&6(G6XPDUp/LPD5REHUWR.DQW Misse, Michel. e Miranda, Ana Paula. 2000. Violência, Criminalidade, Segurança Pública e Justiça Criminal no Brasil: Uma Bibliografia. BIB. 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1983-2006 Area de Conhecimento Grupos de pesquisa CNPq Total 255 100 Ciências Humanas 99 38,8 Ciências da Saúde 26 10,2 Ciências Sociais Aplicadas 106 41,6 Ciências Biológicas 1 0,4 Ciências Exatas e da Terra 4 1,6 Linguística, Letras e Artes 1 0,4 Outras 18 7,1 Fonte: &$3(6²%DQFRVGH7HVHVH'LVVHUWDo}HV)%63²)yUXP%UDVLOHLURGH6HJXUDQoD3~EOLFD A formação criminológica brasileira 0DV VHUi TXH QmR REVWDQWH HVWD GLVSHUVmR QmR SRGHUtDPRV HVWDU SURGX]LQGR XP FRQKHFLPHQWRD¿QDGR FRP DV FRQWULEXLo}HV WHyULFDV H PHWRGROyJLFDV GR mainstream do FRQKHFLPHQWRFULPLQROyJLFR"$¿QDOFRQIRUPHVXJHUHRUHODWyULRSURGX]LGRSHOR)yUXP %UDVLOHLUR GH 6HJXUDQoD 3~EOLFD H[LVWH XP ³ÀDJUDQWH HVIRUoR SRU LU DOpP GRV PRGHORV 3 Fórum Brasileiro de Segurança Pública 2009 CRIMINOLOGIA E SEGURANÇA PÚBLICA 123 FRQVDJUDGRVFRPRRSURSRUFLRQDGRSHODWHRULDVGDRUJDQL]DomRVRFLDOGRLQWHUDFLRQLVPR VLPEyOLFRGRPDU[LVPRHVWUXWXUDOLVWDRXPHVPRGDKHUPHQrXWLFD´42LQWHUHVVHUHVWULWR GRV WHPDV QmR SDUHFH UHIRUoDU R RWLPLVPR GR UHODWyULR$ SUHIHUrQFLD GDV WHPiWLFDV QR XQLYHUVRGDVWHVHVHGLVVHUWDo}HVQR%UDVLOpLOXVWUDGDQRTXDGURDVHJXLU 7DEHOD7HPDVGHVHJXUDQoDS~EOLFD Teses e Dissertações por Palavra-Chave Brasil -1983-2006 Palavras chave Teses e dissertações Nº % 8.205 100 38 0,5 Crime 1.521 18,5 Criminalidade 1.153 14,1 Direitos Humanos 1.237 15,1 Guardas Municipais 7 0,1 Justiça Criminal 65 0,8 Polícia 822 10 Prisão 531 6,5 Segurança Municipal 1 0 Segurança Urbana 5 0,1 107 1,3 2.718 33,1 Total Conflitualidade Tráfico de Drogas Violência Fonte: &$3(6²%DQFRVGH7HVHVH'LVVHUWDo}HV)%63²)yUXP%UDVLOHLURGH6HJXUDQoD3~EOLFD &RQIRUPHYHPRVH[LVWHXPDSUHIHUrQFLDPDLRUSRUDOJXPDVWHPiWLFDVHVSHFt¿FDV GRTXHSDUDTXHVW}HVGHFXQKRWHyULFRRXFRQFHLWXDO2V'LUHLWRV+XPDQRVSRUH[HPSOR SUHYDOHFHPVREUHD&ULPLQRORJLD&UtWLFDTXHpDVXDPDWUL]WHyULFDPDLVLPSRUWDQWH'D PHVPD IRUPD FULPH H FULPLQDOLGDGH VmR SDODYUDV FKDYH TXH QDGD UHYHODP GR HQIRTXH WHyULFRFRQIHULGRDRWHPD2WHPDSROtFLDHSULV}HVWrPHPHUJLGRUHFHQWHPHQWHFRPRXP dos mais discutidos na produção brasileira devido a sua centralidade nos debates sobre o SUREOHPDS~EOLFRGDVHJXUDQoDQR%UDVLO 6REUHWXGRRTXHRVQ~PHURVHVWmRQRVLQIRUPDQGRWHPPDLVDYHUFRPXPDGHPDQGD H[LVWHQWH QR SDtV SRU IRUPDomR SUR¿VVLRQDO QHVWD iUHD GR TXH GHEDWH PDLV FRQVLVWHQWH H TXDOL¿FDGR FRP FRUUHQWHV LQWHUQDFLRQDLV LPSRUWDQWHV 3DUD LOXVWUDU HVWH SRQWR YDPRV 4 Fórum Brasileiro de Segurança Pública 2009, p.3. 124 CRIMINOLOGIA E SEGURANÇA PÚBLICA HIHWXDUXPDDQiOLVHVLPSOHVGRFRQWH~GRFRQFHLWXDOHWHyULFRGDSURGXomRGRVSDtVHVGH OtQJXDSRUWXJXHVDSUHVHQWHVQR*RRJOH$FDGrPLFR$WDEHODDEDL[RIRLSURGX]LGDFRPEDVH HPFRQVXOWDVjEDVHGDVFLWDo}HVHSULQFLSDLVOLQKDVWHyULFDVGDFULPLQRORJLDEHPFRPR GDV PDLV FOiVVLFDV ,VWR QmR TXHU GL]HU TXH VHMDP GHEDWHV H FRQFHLWRV TXH WHQKDP VLGR GHVHQYROYLGRVSHORVDUWLJRVHOLYURVPDVWmRVRPHQWHTXHHOHVIRUDPDSHQDVPHQFLRQDGRV QDSURGXomRLQGH[DGD)RUDPFRQVXOWDGRVRVWHUPRVHPSRUWXJXrVHLQJOrVSRUTXHDPEDV DVIRUPDVSRGHULDPWHUVLGRXWLOL]DGDVQDVFLWDo}HVeLPSRUWDQWHUHVVDOWDUTXHHVWDSHVTXLVD SRGHQmRHVWDUFREULQGRWRGRRXQLYHUVRGHWUDEDOKRVDFDGrPLFRVSURGX]LGRVSRUSUREOHPDV GH LQGH[DomR &RQWXGR FRQVWLWXHPVH HP ERQV LQGLFDGRUHV DWp SURYD HP FRQWUiULR 2 TXDGUR TXH HPHUJH p GH XP GHEDWH QD VHJXUDQoD S~EOLFD EDVWDQWH UHVWULWR HQYLHVDGR H SUHQKHGHYLHVHVGHGLVWLQWDVQDWXUH]DV 7DEHOD7HRULDVFULPLQROyJLFDVFLWDGDVQR*RRJOH$FDGrPLFR Teorias criminológicas Citações no Google acadêmico Criminologia Crítica 853 Rational Choice 272 Teoria da Escolha Racional 274 Associação Diferencial 100 Teoria da Eficácia Coletiva 60 Differential Association 13 Teoria das Janelas Quebradas 70 Broken Windows Theory 32 Teoria da Desorganização Social 58 Social Disorganization Theory 31 Teorias do Controle Social 41 Social Control Theory 14 Teorias Ecológicas 40 Environmental criminology 10 Teoria do Aprendizado Social 35 Social Learning Theory 38 Labeling Theory 21 Teoria dos Rótulos 10 Teoria da Subcultura 20 Subcultural Theory 2 Strain theory 14 Fonte: Elaboração do autor a partir de consulta efetuada em maio de 2010, somente para as páginas em português, conjugando os termos da tabela com a palavra crime. 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Foi Presidente da Associação Brasileira de Antropologia e da Associação Nacional de Pós-Graduação e Pesquisa em Ciências Sociais. Recebeu o Prêmio Érico Vannucci Mendes por sua contribuição ao estudo da Cultura Brasileira. 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Violência e Cultura no Brasil. Petrópolis, Vozes, 1989. 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La Création des Identités Nationales: Europe XVIIIe-XXe Siècle. Paris, Seuil 1999. ANDRADE, Mário de. Macunaíma: o herói sem nenhum caráter. Belo Horizonte, Villarica, 1993, primeira edição 1928. 4 OLIVEN, Ruben George. Violência e Cultura no Brasil. Petrópolis, Vozes, 1989. 3 136 CULTURA HQWmRMRYHPQDomREUDVLOHLUDHOHDUJXPHQWDYDTXHQmRVHGHYLDFDUUHJDUQRXVRGRORFDO VRERULVFRGHUHVWULQJLUDFRPSUHHQVmRGDVREUDVDXPJUXSRPXLWRUHVWULWR3DUD0DFKDGR ³XPSRHWDQmRpQDFLRQDOVySRUTXHLQVHUHQRVVHXVYHUVRVPXLWRVQRPHVGHÀRUHVRXDYHV GRSDtVRTXHSRGHGDUXPDQDFLRQDOLGDGHGHYRFDEXOiULRHQDGDPDLV´(OHFRQVLGHUDYD HUU{QHD D SRVLomR ³TXH Vy UHFRQKHFH HVStULWR QDFLRQDO QDV REUDV TXH WUDWDP GH DVVXQWR ORFDOGRXWULQDTXHDVHUH[DWDOLPLWDULDPXLWRRVFDEHGDLVGHQRVVDOLWHUDWXUD´6HJXQGR 0DFKDGR³RTXHVHGHYHH[LJLUGRHVFULWRUDQWHVGHWXGRpFHUWRVHQWLPHQWRtQWLPRTXHR WRUQHKRPHPGRVHXWHPSRHGRVHXSDtVDLQGDTXDQGRWUDWHGHDVVXQWRVUHPRWRVQRWHPSR HQRHVSDoR´5 $QDOLVDQGRRVSULPHLURVURPDQFHVGH0DFKDGRGH$VVLV6FKZDU]DUJXPHQWRXTXH HPERUDDHFRQRPLDEUDVLOHLUDHVWLYHVVHGXUDQWHWUrVVpFXORVEDVHDGDQDH[SORUDomRGDPmR GH REUD HVFUDYD SDUWH GDV HOLWHV SROtWLFDV GR %UDVLO,PSpULR DGHULUDP DR LGHiULR OLEHUDO TXHIRUDFULDGRQDHVHDSOLFDYDj(XURSD&RPRRTXHSUHYDOHFLDQR%UDVLOQDTXHODpSRFD QmRHUDDQRomRGRVGLUHLWRVKXPDQRVPDVDGRIDYRUSDWHUQDOLVWDSDUDRVEUDQFRVTXHQmR SRVVXtDP WHUUDV H D RSUHVVmR SDUD RV HVFUDYRV SDUD 6FKZDU] D LGHRORJLD OLEHUDO HVWDYD ³IRUDGROXJDU´QRQRVVRSDtVQRVpFXOR;,;6 3RGHVHDUJXPHQWDUHQWUHWDQWRTXHGRSRQWRGHYLVWDOyJLFRDHVFUDYLGmRQmRHUD incompatível com o liberalismo, pois para as elites brasileiras o escravo era uma mercadoria TXHHVWDYDVXMHLWDDVHUXVDGDHWURFDGDFRPRTXDOTXHURXWUD $WHVHGDV³LGHLDVIRUDGROXJDU´VHGHVYLQFXORXGDLQWHQomRRULJLQDOGH6FKZDU] TXH HUD D DQiOLVH GD REUD GH 0DFKDGR GH$VVLV H DFDERX YLUDQGR ³VHQVR FRPXP´ +i XP VHQWLPHQWR PXLWR GLIXQGLGR GH TXH QR %UDVLO DV LGHLDV H SUiWLFDV FXOWXUDLV HVWDULDP HP JHUDO ³IRUD GR OXJDU´$ WDO SRQWR p IRUWH HVVD LGHLD TXH R KLVWRULDGRU LQJOrV 3HWHU %XUNHDVVLQDODTXHpGLItFLOSDUDXPLQWHOHFWXDOHVWUDQJHLURHQWHQGHUSRUTXHRVEUDVLOHLURV HVWmR REFHFDGRV FRP D QRomR GH HPSUpVWLPR FXOWXUDO ³6RPRV WRGRV µHPSUHVWDGRUHV¶ PHVPR TXDQGR ID]HPRV SDUWH GH FXOWXUDV µ¿QDQFLDGRUDV¶ FRPR D IUDQFHVD D LWDOLDQD D QRUWHDPHULFDQD RX D FKLQHVD $ LGHLD GH XPD FXOWXUD µSXUD¶ QmR FRQWDPLQDGD SRU LQÀXrQFLDVH[WHUQDVpXPPLWR&RPRHVFUHYHX)HUQDQG%UDXGHOHPVHXIDPRVRHVWXGRGR PXQGRFRQWHPSRUkQHRµSDUDTXDOTXHUFLYLOL]DomRYLYHUpVHUFDSD]GHGDUGHUHFHEHUGH HPSUHVWDU¶´7 $ULJRUQDGDHVWiQROXJDUHWXGRVDLGHXPOXJDUHHQWUDHPRXWURHPTXHpDGDSWDGR DRV LQWHUHVVHV GH JUXSRV H jV FLUFXQVWkQFLDV FDPELDQWHV 2V HPSUpVWLPRV FXOWXUDLV VmR XPD FRQVWDQWH HP TXDOTXHU FXOWXUD $ GLQkPLFD FXOWXUDO LPSOLFD XP SURFHVVR GH GHVWHUULWRULDOL]DomRHGHUHWHUULWRULDOL]DomR,GHLDVHSUiWLFDVTXHVHRULJLQDPQXPHVSDoR 5 MACHADO DE ASSIS, Joaquim Maria. Instinto de Nacionalidade. Porto Alegre, Mercado Aberto, 1999, p. 30, 16 e 17-18. SCHWARZ, Roberto. Ao Vencedor as Batatas. São Paulo, Duas Cidades, 1977. 7 BURKE, Peter. “Inevitáveis empréstimos culturais”. Folha de São Paulo. 27-6-1997, caderno 5, p. 3. 6 CULTURA 137 DFDEDP PLJUDQGR SDUD RXWURV /i HODV HQFRQWUDP XP DPELHQWH PXLWDV YH]HV GLIHUHQWH GDTXHOHQRTXDOVHRULJLQDUDPPDVDFDEDPVHQGRDGDSWDGDVDRQRYRFRQWH[WRHSRUDVVLP GL]HU³HQWUDPQRQRYROXJDU´8PDGDVULTXH]DVGDGLQkPLFDFXOWXUDOEUDVLOHLUDpMXVWDPHQWH DFDSDFLGDGHGHGLJHULUFULDWLYDPHQWHRTXHYHPGHIRUDUHHODERUiORHGDUOKHXPFXQKR SUySULRTXHRWUDQVIRUPDHPDOJRGLIHUHQWHHQRYR8 +iYiULRVPRPHQWRVQHVWHSURFHVVRQR%UDVLO2VPLOLWDUHVHSROtWLFRVEUDVLOHLURVTXH SURFODPDUDPD5HS~EOLFDHPHVWDYDPIRUWHPHQWHLPEXtGRVGDLGHRORJLDSRVLWLYLVWD $SHVDUGHVHUXPD¿ORVR¿DFULDGDQD)UDQoDRSRVLWLYLVPRWHYHPXLWRPDLVVXFHVVRQR%UDVLO TXHQRVHXSDtVGHRULJHP7mRIRUWHIRLRSRVLWLYLVPRQR%UDVLOTXHDWpKRMHH[LVWHRTXHp FKDPDGRGHDUTXLWHWXUDSRVLWLYLVWDUHIHULQGRVHDRVSUpGLRVTXHIRUDPPDQGDGRVFRQVWUXLU SRU DTXHOHV TXH HVWDYDP QR SRGHU GXUDQWH D 5HS~EOLFD 9HOKD +i PHVPR FLGDGHV FRPR 5LR GH -DQHLUR H 3RUWR$OHJUH RQGH DLQGD H[LVWHP WHPSORV SRVLWLYLVWDV 2 OHPD ³2UGHP H 3URJUHVVR´ FRQWLGR QD EDQGHLUD EUDVLOHLUD PRVWUD D FHQWUDOLGDGH GH $XJXVWH&RPWHHPQRVVDVLPERORJLD9 3DUDSDUWHGDVHOLWHVEUDVLOHLUDVRSRVLWLYLVPRHUDXPDLGHRORJLDTXHYLVOXPEUDYD D PRGHUQLGDGH H TXH MXVWL¿FDYD RV PHLRV DXWRULWiULRV GH DOFDQoiOD )RUDP PLOLWDUHV SRVLWLYLVWDVRVSULPHLURVTXHVHSUHRFXSDUDPHPUHODomRDRTXHID]HUFRPRVLQGtJHQDV $VVLPR0DUHFKDO5RQGRQTXHGHGLFRXVXDYLGDDRVtQGLRVIULVDYDTXHHOHVGHYHULDP VHUUHVSHLWDGRVHQmRPRUWRVPDVVXDLGHLDQmRHUDGHGHL[iORVVHJXLUVHXPRGRGHYLGD WUDGLFLRQDO PDV GH LQWHJUiORV j FLYLOL]DomR10 O positivismo era uma forma não só do %UDVLOVHPRGHUQL]DUHPUHODomRj(XURSDPDVGHRVtQGLRVVHFLYLOL]DUHPHPUHODomRDR %UDVLO(UDXPDTXHVWmRGHHVWiJLRVQXPDOLQHDULGDGHHYROXFLRQLVWDTXHVHHQFDL[DYDQD LGHLDGHSURJUHVVRGRSRVLWLYLVPR e GD pSRFD GD 5HS~EOLFD 9HOKD D WHQGrQFLD GH LQWHOHFWXDLV SHQVDUHP R %UDVLO H GLVFXWLUHPDYLDELOLGDGHGHKDYHUXPDFLYLOL]DomRQRVWUySLFRV'RLVVHULDPRVREVWiFXORV DHVWHSURMHWRUDoDHFOLPD,QWHOHFWXDLVFRPR6LOYLR5RPHUR(XFOLGHVGD&XQKD1LQD 5RGULJXHV 2OLYHLUD 9LDQQD H $UWKXU 5DPRV SUHRFXSDGRV HP H[SOLFDU D VRFLHGDGH EUDVLOHLUDDWUDYpVGDLQWHUDomRGDUDoDHGRPHLRJHRJUi¿FRVmRSURIXQGDPHQWHSHVVLPLVWDV HSUHFRQFHLWXRVRVHPUHODomRDREUDVLOHLURTXHpFDUDFWHUL]DGRFRPRDSiWLFRHLQGROHQWHH DQRVVDYLGDLQWHOHFWXDOGHVWLWXtGDGH¿ORVR¿DHFLrQFLDHHLYDGDGHXPOLULVPRVXEMHWLYLVWD HPyUELGR$~QLFDVROXomRYLVXDOL]DGDHUDRHPEUDQTXHFLPHQWRGDSRSXODomRDWUDYpVGD YLQGDGHLPLJUDQWHVHXURSHXV 8 OLIVEN, Ruben George. Violência e cultura no Brasil. Petrópolis, Vozes, 1989. CARVALHO, José Murilo de. A Formação das Almas: o imaginário da República no Brasil. São Paulo, Companhia das Letras, 1990. 10 LIMA, Antonio Carlos de Souza. Um Grande Cerco de Paz: poder tutelar, indianidade e formação do estado no Brasil. Petrópolis, Vozes, 1995. 9 138 CULTURA eUHFpPQDGpFDGDGHWULQWDFRP*LOEHUWR)UH\UHTXHVHFULDUiXPDQRYDYLVmRUDFLDO GR%UDVLOHPTXHRSDtVVHUiYLVWRFRPRXPDFLYLOL]DomRWURSLFDOGHFDUDFWHUtVWLFDV~QLFDV FRPRDPHVWLoDJHPHDFRQVWUXomRGHXPDGHPRFUDFLDUDFLDO11 Na visão de Freyre a mistura UDFLDOQmRpXPSUREOHPDPDVXPDYDQWDJHPTXHR%UDVLOWHULDHPUHODomRDRXWUDVQDo}HV $LGHRORJLDGD³GHPRFUDFLDUDFLDO´pWmRIRUWHQR%UDVLOTXHSHUPHLDSDUWHGRSHQVDPHQWR VRFLROyJLFRHRVHQVRFRPXPEUDVLOHLUR12 IV A semana modernista de 1922, com toda sua complexidade e diferenciação LGHROyJLFDUHSUHVHQWDXPGLYLVRUGHiJXDVQHVVHSURFHVVR2PRYLPHQWRPRGHUQLVWDSRU XPODGRVLJQL¿FDDUHDWXDOL]DomRGR%UDVLOHPUHODomRDRVPRYLPHQWRVFXOWXUDLVHDUWtVWLFRV TXHRFRUUHPQRH[WHULRU3RURXWURODGRLPSOLFDWDPEpPHPEXVFDUQRVVDVUDt]HVQDFLRQDLV YDORUL]DQGRRTXHKDYHULDGHPDLVDXWrQWLFRQR%UDVLO 8PD GDV FRQWULEXLo}HV GR PRYLPHQWR FRQVLVWH MXVWDPHQWH HP WHU FRORFDGR WDQWR D TXHVWmR GD DWXDOL]DomR DUWtVWLFRFXOWXUDO GH XPD VRFLHGDGH VXEGHVHQYROYLGD FRPR D SUREOHPiWLFDGDQDFLRQDOLGDGH1HVVHVHQWLGRDSDUWLUGDVHJXQGDSDUWHGRPRGHUQLVPR HPGLDQWHRDWDTXHDRSDVVDGLVPRpVXEVWLWXtGRSHODrQIDVHQDHODERUDomRGHXPD FXOWXUD QDFLRQDO RFRUUHQGR XPD UHGHVFREHUWD GR %UDVLO SHORV EUDVLOHLURV$SHVDU GH XP FHUWREDLUULVPRSDXOLVWDRVPRGHUQLVWDVUHFXVDYDPRUHJLRQDOLVPRMiTXHDFUHGLWDYDPTXH HUD DWUDYpV GR QDFLRQDOLVPR TXH VH FKHJDULD DR XQLYHUVDO$VVLP ³SDUD RV PRGHUQLVWDV D RSHUDomR TXH SRVVLELOLWD R DFHVVR DR XQLYHUVDO SDVVD SHOD D¿UPDomR GD EUDVLOLGDGH´ e R TXH ¿FD FODUR QXPD FDUWD TXH 0iULR GH$QGUDGH XP GRV SULQFLSDLV H[SRHQWHV GR PRGHUQLVPRHVFUHYHXHPDRSRHWD&DUORV'UXPPRQGGH$QGUDGH³1yVVyVHUHPRV FLYLOL]DGRVHPUHODomRjVFLYLOL]Do}HVRGLDHPTXHFULDUPRVRLGHDODRULHQWDomREUDVLOHLUD (QWmRSDVVDUHPRVGRPLPHWLVPRSUDIDVHGDFULDomR(HQWmRVHUHPRVXQLYHUVDLVSRUTXH QDFLRQDLV´14 &RHUHQWH FRP HVWD SRVWXUD 0iULR WUDQVIRUPRXVH QXP DXWRGHQRPLQDGR ³WXULVWD DSUHQGL]´ GHVHQYROYHQGR XPD LQWHQVD DWLYLGDGH GH SHVTXLVD H YLDJHQV YLVDQGR HVWXGDURVHOHPHQWRVTXHFRPS}HPDFXOWXUDEUDVLOHLUD15 (P 2VZDOG GH$QGUDGH XP GRV H[SRHQWHV GD 6HPDQD 0RGHUQLVWD ODQoRX o Manifesto Antropófago 2 WH[WR FRPHoD D¿UPDQGR TXH ³Vy D $QWURSRIDJLD QRV XQH 11 ARAÚJO, Ricardo Benzaquen de. Casa Grande & Senzala e a Obra de Gilberto Freyre nos Anos 30. Rio de Janeiro, Editora 34, 1994. ORTIZ, Renato. Cultura Brasileira e Identidade nacional. São Paulo, Brasiliense, 1985. 13 MORAES, Eduardo Jardim de. A Brasilidade Modernista: sua dimensão filosófica. Rio de Janeiro, Graal, 1978, p. 105. 14 ANDRADE, Mário de. A Lição do Amigo: cartas a Carlos Drummond de Andrade. Rio de Janeiro, José Olympio, 1983, p. 16. 15 Idem. O Turista Aprendiz. São Paulo, Duas Cidades, 1983. 12 CULTURA 139 6RFLDOPHQWH(FRQRPLFDPHQWH)LORVR¿FDPHQWH´161R¿QDORDXWRUGDWDRManifesto como VHQGRGR$QRGD'HJOXWLomRGR%LVSR6DUGLQKDQXPDUHIHUrQFLDDRSUHODGRSRUWXJXrV TXHQDXIUDJRXQDFRVWDGR%UDVLOHIRLFRPLGRSHORVLQGtJHQDVHP 2TXHHVWiVHQGRSURSRVWRQRManifesto Antropófago pXPDFXOWXUDEUDVLOHLUDTXHVH FDUDFWHUL]DSRUVDEHULQJHULUHGLJHULUFULDWLYDPHQWHRTXHYHPGHIRUD0DLVGRTXHLVWRR TXH2VZDOGDUJXPHQWDpTXHRVEUDVLOHLURVVHGHGLFDUDPDHVWDSUiWLFDGHVGHRFRPHoRGH VXDKLVWyULD(GHXPDPDQHLUDDOHJUHHLQWXLWLYD³$QWHVGRVSRUWXJXHVHVGHVFREULUHPR %UDVLOR%UDVLOWLQKDGHVFREHUWRDIHOLFLGDGH´³$DOHJULDpDSURYDGRVQRYH´17 6HJXQGR0RUDHV O instinto antropofágico, por um lado, destrói, pela deglutição, elementos de cultura importados; por outro lado, assegura a sua manutenção em nossa realidade, através de um processo de transformação/absorção de certos elementos alienígenas. Ou seja: antes do processo colonizador, havia no país uma cultura na qual a antropofagia era praticada, e que reagiu, sempre antropofagicamente mas com pesos diferentes, ao contato dos diversos elementos novos trazidos pelos povos europeus. É este instinto antropofágico que deve ser agora valorizado pelo projeto cultural defendido por Oswald de Andrade. Ele se caracteriza por defender ferrenhamente a intuição e pelo poder de sintetizar em si os traços marcantes da nacionalidade que garantem a unidade da nação.18 eVLJQL¿FDWLYRTXHVHRPRYLPHQWRPRGHUQLVWDGHVXUJHHP6mR3DXORFLGDGH TXHMiGHVSRQWDYDFRPRIXWXUDPHWUySROHLQGXVWULDOHPWHULDVLGRODQoDGRHP5HFLIH QDpSRFDDFDSLWDOPDLVGHVHQYROYLGDGR1RUGHVWHRManifesto Regionalista de Gilberto )UH\UH2PRYLPHQWRGHWHPXPVHQWLGRGHFHUWDPDQHLUDLQYHUVRDRGH7UDWD VHGHXPPRYLPHQWRTXHQmRDWXDOL]DDFXOWXUDEUDVLOHLUDHPUHODomRDRH[WHULRUPDVTXH GHVHMDDRFRQWUiULRSUHVHUYDUQmRVyDWUDGLomRHPJHUDOPDVHVSHFL¿FDPHQWHDGHXPD UHJLmRHFRQRPLFDPHQWHDWUDVDGD,VWRQmRVLJQL¿FDHQWUHWDQWRTXH)UH\UHQmRSRVVDVHU HQFDUDGRFRPRFRPSDUWLOKDQGRXPDVLJQL¿FDWLYDSDUFHODGRFDPSRGHSUHRFXSDo}HVHP TXHVHPRYLPHQWDYDPRVPRGHUQLVWDVSDXOLVWDV 16 Idem. “Manifesto Antropófago”. In: Do Pau-brasil à Antropofagia e às Utopias. Rio de Janeiro, Civilização Brasileira, 1978, p. 13. Idem, p. 18. 18 MORAES, Eduardo Jardim de. op. cit., 1978, p. 144. 17 140 CULTURA 20DQLIHVWR5HJLRQDOLVWDGHVHQYROYHEDVLFDPHQWHGRLVWHPDVLQWHUOLJDGRVDGHIHVD GDUHJLmRHQTXDQWRXQLGDGHGHRUJDQL]DomRQDFLRQDOHDFRQVHUYDomRGRVYDORUHVUHJLRQDLV HWUDGLFLRQDLVGR%UDVLOHPJHUDOHGR1RUGHVWHHPSDUWLFXODU20DQLIHVWRTXHFLQTHQWD DQRVPDLVWDUGH)UH\UHFKDPDULDGH³UHJLRQDOLVWDWUDGLFLRQDOLVWDHDVHXPRGRPRGHUQLVWD´ ±ID]DGHIHVDGRSRSXODUTXHSUHFLVDULDVHUSURWHJLGRGR³PDXFRVPRSROLWLVPRHGRIDOVR PRGHUQLVPR´19 $ QHFHVVLGDGH GH UHRUJDQL]DU R %UDVLO SULPHLUR WHPD FHQWUDO GR 0DQLIHVWR H SUHRFXSDomR FRQVWDQWH GH SHQVDGRUHV GR ¿P GR VpFXOR ;,; H FRPHoR GR VpFXOR ;; GHFRUUHULDGRIDWRGHOHVRIUHUGHVGHTXHpQDomRDVFRQVHTrQFLDVPDOp¿FDVGHPRGHORV HVWUDQJHLURV TXH OKH VmR LPSRVWRV VHP OHYDU HP FRQVLGHUDomR VXDV SHFXOLDULGDGHV H VXD GLYHUVLGDGHItVLFDHVRFLDO $IRUPXODomRGHXPVLVWHPDDOWHUQDWLYRGHRUJDQL]DomRGR%UDVLOHVWiDQFRUDGDQD GHQ~QFLDGDLPSRUWDomRGHPRGHORVDOLHQtJHQDVFRQVLGHUDGRVLPFRPSDWtYHLVFRPQRVVDV SHFXOLDULGDGHV$ GLVFXVVmR VREUH D FRQYHQLrQFLD RX QmR GH LPSRUWDU PRGHORV H LGHLDV HVWUDQJHLURV p XP WHPD UHFRUUHQWH HQWUH QRVVRV LQWHOHFWXDLV H GHOH R 0DQLIHVWR GH WUDWDUiWDPEpPDRDQDOLVDUDTXHVWmRGDWUDGLomR $R IULVDU D QHFHVVLGDGH GH XPD DUWLFXODomR LQWHUUHJLRQDO )UH\UH WRFD QXP SRQWR LPSRUWDQWHHDWXDORXVHMDFRPRSURSLFLDUTXHDVGLIHUHQoDVUHJLRQDLVFRQYLYDPQRVHLR GDXQLGDGHQDFLRQDOHPXPSDtVGHGLPHQV}HVFRQWLQHQWDLVFRPRR%UDVLO2TXH)UH\UH D¿UPDpTXHR~QLFRPRGRGHVHUQDFLRQDOQR%UDVLOpVHUSULPHLURUHJLRQDO*XDUGDGDV DVSURSRUo}HVpMXVWDPHQWHDXPDFRQFOXVmRVHPHOKDQWHTXHFKHJDUDPRVPRGHUQLVWDVD SDUWLUGDVHJXQGDIDVHGRPRYLPHQWRTXDQGRVHGHUDPFRQWDTXHD~QLFDPDQHLUDGHVHU XQLYHUVDOpVHUQDFLRQDODQWHV 0DV VHX PRGR GH DUJXPHQWDU p GH FHUWD PDQHLUD R LQYHUVR GRV PRGHUQLVWDV Mi TXH QmR HVWi DOLFHUoDGR QXPD DWXDOL]DomR FXOWXUDO DWUDYpV GH YDORUHV PRGHUQRV YLQGRV GRH[WHULRUPDVDRFRQWUiULRQDFUtWLFDGRVPDOHItFLRVGRSURJUHVVRHGDLPSRUWDomRGH FRVWXPHVHYDORUHVHVWUDQJHLURV $FRQVHUYDomRGRVYDORUHVUHJLRQDLVHWUDGLFLRQDLVGR%UDVLOHPJHUDOHGR1RUGHVWH HPSDUWLFXODUpRVHJXQGRJUDQGHWHPDGR0DQLIHVWR5HJLRQDOLVWD)UH\UHFULWLFDRKiELWR TXHQRVVDVHOLWHVWrPGHDUUHPHGDURVFRVWXPHVTXHMXOJDPPRGHUQRVWHQGrQFLDMiDSRQWDGD SRU3HUHLUDGH4XHLUR] 20QRTXHGL]UHVSHLWRjFLGDGHGR5LRGH-DQHLURSRURFDVLmRGD YLQGDGDIDPtOLDUHDOSRUWXJXHVDQRFRPHoRGRVpFXORSDVVDGR e VLJQL¿FDWLYR TXH DR ID]HU D GHIHVD LQWUDQVLJHQWH GRV YDORUHV GR 1RUGHVWH H GD necessidade de prHVHUYiORV )UH\UH HVFROKD LWHQV GR TXH p FRQVLGHUDGR DWUDVDGR HRX 19 20 FREYRE, Gilberto. op. cit., p. 80. op. cit. 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Idem, p. 72. 23 Idem, p. 80. 24 ORTIZ, Renato. Cultura Popular: românticos e folcloristas. 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Evolução do povo brasileiro. São Paulo, Editora Nacional, 1933, p. 49. SCHWARTZMAN, Simon; BOMENY, Helena Maria Bousquet e COSTA, Vanda Maria Ribeiro. Tempos de Capanema. Rio de Janeiro, Paz e Terra, 1984. 27 MICELI, Sérgio. Intelectuais e Classe Dirigente no Brasil (1920-1945). 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Verdade tropical. São Paulo, Companhia das Letras, 1997. CULTURA 145 LGHQWLGDGH QDFLRQDO UHVSRQViYHO VLPXOWDQHDPHQWH SRU SURPRYHU R SURJUHVVR H PDQWHU DFHVD D PHPyULD QDFLRQDO 2 IDWR GH HVVH PHVPR (VWDGR WHU SURSLFLDGR XPD LQWHQVD GHVQDFLRQDOL]DomRGDHFRQRPLDQmRpYLVWRFRPRFRQWUDGLWyULRXPDYH]TXHHVVDVGXDV TXHVW}HVVmRWLGDVFRPRGHVYLQFXODGDVeVLJQL¿FDWLYRQHVVHVHQWLGRTXHVmRMXVWDPHQWH JUDQGHVHPSUHVDVPXOWLQDFLRQDLVFRPRD6KHOOHD;HUR[TXHID]HPDGHIHVDGRIROFORUH EUDVLOHLURHPVXDVSXEOLFLGDGHV (VVH p XP SHUtRGR HP TXH D LQG~VWULD FXOWXUDO VH GHVHQYROYH GH XP PRGR LPSUHVVLRQDQWH$WHOHYLVmRWHPXPSDSHOFKDYHQHVVHSURFHVVRHWHQGHDGLYXOJDUSURJUDPDV TXHVHWRUQDPQDFLRQDLVFRPRVQRWLFLiULRVHDVWHOHQRYHODV(QWUHRVEHQVSURGX]LGRVQR %UDVLOHVWmRRVEHQVVLPEyOLFRVTXHQmRVRPHQWHVmRFRQVXPLGRVQR%UDVLOPDVWDPEpP H[SRUWDGRVSDUDRH[WHULRU29 VIII &RPDOXWDSHODUHGHPRFUDWL]DomRGRSDtVHFRPRSURFHVVRGHDEHUWXUDSROtWLFDTXH PDUFDUDP R ¿P GR FLFOR PLOLWDU HP D FXOWXUD FRPHoRX D YLU j WRQD QRYDPHQWH $VVLPDSHVDU±RXWDOYH]SRUFDXVD±GDFUHVFHQWHFHQWUDOL]DomRREVHUYDPVHDWXDOPHQWH WHQGrQFLDV FRQWUiULDV D HOD TXH VH PDQLIHVWDP SRU H[HPSOR DWUDYpV GD D¿UPDomR GH QRYDVLGHQWLGDGHVVRFLDLVHFXOWXUDLV$D¿UPDomRGHQRYDVLGHQWLGDGHVQR%UDVLOSRGH VHU HQFDUDGD FRPR XPD IRUPD GH VDOLHQWDU GLIHUHQoDV FXOWXUDLV (VVD UHGHVFREHUWD GDV GLIHUHQoDVVHGiQXPDpSRFDHPTXHRSDtVVHHQFRQWUDEDVWDQWHLQWHJUDGRGRSRQWRGHYLVWD SROtWLFR HFRQ{PLFR H FXOWXUDO VXJHUH XPD JUDQGH GLYHUVLGDGH H FRPSOH[LGDGH FXOWXUDO 1DPHGLGDHPTXHLGHQWLGDGHVVHFRQVWURHPDSDUWLUGHRSRVLo}HVRXFRQWUDVWHVRTXHVH EXVFDYDHUDPMXVWDPHQWHDVGLIHUHQoDVQDHVIHUDGDFXOWXUD eMXVWDPHQWHFRPRSURFHVVRGHDEHUWXUDSROtWLFDTXHDFXOWXUDSDVVRXDJDQKDUPDLRU YLVLELOLGDGHQR%UDVLO1RYDVTXHVW}HVFRPHoDUDPDYLUjWRQDHPRYLPHQWRVSRSXODUHV FRPHoDUDPDVHRUJDQL]DU9iULRVGHVWHVPRYLPHQWRVHVWmRPDLVSUHRFXSDGRVFRPTXHVW}HV IUHTHQWHPHQWHFRQVLGHUDGDVORFDLVHPHQRUHVQmRREVWDQWHVHUHPIXQGDPHQWDLVTXHFRP DVJUDQGHVWHPiWLFDVWUDGLFLRQDLV 2TXHVHREVHUYRXQR%UDVLODSDUWLUGHVXDUHGHPRFUDWL]DomRIRLXPLQWHQVRSURFHVVR GHFRQVWLWXLomRGHQRYRVDWRUHVSROtWLFRVHDFRQVWUXomRGHQRYDVLGHQWLGDGHVVRFLDLV(OHV LQFOXHPDLGHQWLGDGHHWiULDUHSUHVHQWDGDSRUH[HPSORSHORVMRYHQVHQTXDQWRFDWHJRULD VRFLDODLGHQWLGDGHGHJrQHURUHSUHVHQWDGDSRUH[HPSORSHORVPRYLPHQWRVIHministas 29 30 ORTIZ, Renato. A Moderna Tradição Brasileira. Cultura Brasileira e Identidade Nacional. São Paulo, Editora Brasiliense, 1988. OLIVEN, Ruben George. A Parte e o Todo: a diversidade cultural no Brasil-nação. Petrópolis, Vozes, 2006, 2ª. edição. 146 CULTURA H SHORV KRPRVVH[XDLV DV LGHQWLGDGHV UHOLJLRVDV UHSUHVHQWDGDV SHOR FUHVFLPHQWR GDV FKDPDGDVUHOLJL}HVSRSXODUHVDVLGHQWLGDGHVUHJLRQDLVUHSUHVHQWDGDVSHORVUHQDVFLPHQWR GDVFXOWXUDVUHJLRQDLVQR%UDVLODVLGHQWLGDGHVpWQLFDVUHSUHVHQWDGDVSHORVPRYLPHQWRV QHJURVHSHODFUHVFHQWHRUJDQL]DomRGDVVRFLHGDGHVLQGtJHQDVHWF 2VPRYLPHQWRVQHJURVFRORFDPHPGLVFXVVmRRIDWRGHQR%UDVLOSDtVTXHSURMHWD D LPDJHP GH VHU XPD GHPRFUDFLD UDFLDO RV QHJURV HVWDUHP VHPSUH HP FRQGLo}HV GH LQIHULRULGDGH QR TXH GL] UHVSHLWR j UHQGD HPSUHJR HVFRODULGDGH VD~GH H[SHFWDWLYD GH YLGDHWF(VWHVPRYLPHQWRVWDPEpPDSRQWDPSDUDRIDWRGR%UDVLOVHUXPSDtVGHXPD LPSUHVVLRQDQWH SUHVHQoD DIULFDQD H GD QHFHVVLGDGH GH YDORUL]iOD 'H IDWR RV QHJURV WrPXPDFRQWULEXLomRPDUFDQWHQDVSULQFLSDLVPDQLIHVWDo}HVFXOWXUDLVGR%UDVLOFRPRR FDUQDYDODP~VLFDSRSXODUDGDQoDDFXOLQiULDRIXWHERODVUHOLJL}HVSRSXODUHVHWF 2V PRYLPHQWRV LQGtJHQDV SRU VXD YH] DSRQWDP SDUD XP PRGHOR DOWHUQDWLYR GH HVWLORGHYLGDQDPHGLGDHPTXHHVWDEHOHFHPXPDUHODomRPDLVLQWHJUDGDFRPDQDWXUH]D $VVRFLHGDGHVLQGtJHQDVQDVTXDLVRVPLWRVHDPDJLDVmRHOHPHQWRVFHQWUDLVVXJHUHP WDPEpP TXH Ki RXWUDV IRUPDV GH SHQVDU R PXQGR TXH QmR VHMD Vy R GD UDFLRQDOLGDGH WpFQLFD IX 2DGYHQWRGRIHQ{PHQRGDJOREDOL]DomRWRUQRXDLQWHUDomRGR%UDVLOFRPRUHVWRGR PXQGRPXOWLIDFHWDGD2SDGUmRGHWURFDVHQWUHGLIHUHQWHVSDtVHVpGHVLJXDOHGHSHQGHGH VXDVSRVLo}HVQRFRQWH[WRHFRQ{PLFRSROtWLFRPXQGLDO([LVWHPSURGXWRVSULQFLSDOPHQWH FXOWXUDLV TXH VmR H[SRUWDGRV SDUD WRGR R PXQGR HP HVFDOD FUHVFHQWH (QWUH HVWHV HVWmR o fast foodFHUWRWLSRGHP~VLFDFDQDLVGHWHOHYLVmRFRPRD079HD&11'RPHVPR PRGRRFLQHPDGH+ROO\ZRRGFRQWLQXDVHQGRKHJHP{QLFRHPWRGRPXQGR,VWRID]FRP TXHDOJXQVDXWRUHVYHMDPR%UDVLOFRPRVHQGRFDGDYH]PDLVDWLQJLGRSHORLPSHULDOLVPR FXOWXUDO$VLWXDomRHQWUHWDQWRpPDLVFRPSOH[D 6H GXUDQWH PXLWR WHPSR R SDtV UHFHELD LPLJUDQWHV H LPSRUWDYD PHUFDGRULDV PDQXIDWXUDGDVHSURGXWRVGDLQG~VWULDFXOWXUDODVLWXDomRPXGRX([LVWHPDWXDOPHQWHFHUFD GHGRLVPLOK}HVGHEUDVLOHLURVYLYHQGRQRH[WHULRUDPDLRULDGHOHVQRV(VWDGRV8QLGRV (XURSDH-DSmR2%UDVLOTXHWUDGLFLRQDOPHQWHHUDXPSDtVTXHUHFHELDLPLJUDQWHVSDVVRX FRPDJOREDOL]DomRDSURWDJRQL]DURÀX[RFRQWUiULR $ LGD SDUD R H[WHULRU QmR RFRUUH VRPHQWH QR QtYHO GD PLJUDomR KXPDQD PDV WDPEpPQRTXHGL]UHVSHLWRjH[SRUWDomRGHEHQVPDWHULDLVHFXOWXUDLV'XUDQWHVpFXORVR 31 CARVALHO, José Jorge de. “Imperialismo Cultural Hoje: Uma Questão Silenciada”. Revista USP no. 32, 1996-97, pp. 66-89. 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A Diversidade Cultural no Brasil-Nação 3HWUySROLV9R]HV 252$UL3HGUR&257(1$QGUp'2=21-HDQ3LHUUHIgreja Universal do Reino de Deus. 6mR3DXOR3DXOLQDV 257,=5HQDWRCultura Brasileira e Identidade Nacional6mR3DXOR%UDVLOLHQVH 257,= 5HQDWR Cultura Popular: Românticos e Folcloristas 6mR 3DXOR 2OKR G¶ÈJXD 6&+:$5=5REHUWRAo Vencedor as Batatas6mR3DXOR'XDV&LGDGHV 6&+:$57=0$16LPRQ%20(1<+HOHQD0DULD%RXVTXHWH&267$9DQGD0DULD 5LEHLURTempos de Capanema5LRGH-DQHLUR3D]H7HUUD 9(/262&DHWDQRVerdade Tropical6mR3DXOR&RPSDQKLDGDV/HWUDV DEMOGRAFIA 153 DEMOGRAFIA O Novo Padrão Demográfico Brasileiro: Oportunidades e Desafios José Alberto Magno de Carvalho* Laura L. Rodríguez Wong** *Mestre e Doutor em Demografia (University of London). Atualmente é Diretor da Faculdade de Ciências Econômicas da Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais e Professor Titular do Departamento de Demografia. **Sociologa pela Universidade Católica do Peru; Mestrado em Demografia - CELADE/ONU; Doutorado em Demografia - Universidade de Londres. Professora Associada - FACE/UFMG; Coordenadora do Curso de Pós-Graduação em Demografia - CEDEPLAR/FACE/UFMG. Resumo (VWH GRFXPHQWR YLVD VXEVLGLDU XPD UHÀH[mR VREUH D WUDQVFHQGrQFLD WUDQV PXOWLGLVFLSOLQDU GH XP SURFHVVR HPLQHQWHPHQWH GHPRJUi¿FR TXDO VHMD R SURFHVVR GH HQYHOKHFLPHQWR SRSXODFLRQDO 3(3 EUDVLOHLUR (VWH VH LQLFLRX HP UD]mR GD WUDQVLomR GD fecundidade, de níveis altos para baixos, provocando uma diminuição relativa e absoluta do tamanho da população jovem, aumentando, assim, a representatividade da população LGRVD23(3QmRpXPIHQ{PHQRQRYR([LVWHPSDtVHVTXHLQLFLDUDPXPOHQWRSURFHVVRGH HQYHOKHFLPHQWRMiQRVpFXOR;,;VHQGRTXHHPPHDGRVGRVpFXORSDVVDGRSUDWLFDPHQWH WRGRV RV SDtVHV GR 3ULPHLUR 0XQGR DSUHVHQWDYDP SRSXODo}HV HQYHOKHFLGDV 2 TXH p QRYLGDGHpDUDSLGH]FRPTXHHVWHSURFHVVRFRPHoRXDRSHUDUQR7HUFHLUR0XQGRVHQGR R%UDVLOXPH[HPSORWtSLFR6HQR¿QDOGRVDQRVDWD[DGHIHFXQGLGDGHWRWDOHVWDYD SUy[LPDGH¿OKRVSRUPXOKHUHPHVWLPDVHTXHHVVHQ~PHURVHMDLQIHULRUD FRP GHFOtQLR GHVWD PDJQLWXGH QmR VXUSUHHQGH TXH D SLUkPLGH HWiULD SDVVDVVH D SHU¿ODU SDGU}HVFDUDFWHUtVWLFRVGHXPDIDVHGHWUDQVLomRSDUDXPDHVWUXWXUDHWiULDHQYHOKHFLGD 2 H[WUHPDPHQWH UiSLGR 3(3 FDXVDUi SURIXQGDV PXGDQoDV QDV UHODo}HV LQWHUJHUDFLRQDLV &RQVLGHUDQGRVH RV WUrV JUDQGHV JUXSRV HWiULRV PHQRUHV GH DQRV de 15 a 64 anos e maiores de 65 anos), atualmente estamos diante da denominada janela de oportunidades, HP WHUPRV GHPRJUi¿FRV &RP HIHLWR R 3DtV HVWi D DWLQJLU VXD PDLV EDL[D 5D]mR GH 'HSHQGrQFLD7RWDO 5'7 GHYLGR DR DXPHQWR GD SRSXODomR QDV LGDGHV DWLYDVHPWHUPRVDEVROXWRVHUHODWLYRVDRUiSLGRGHFOtQLRGDSDUWLFLSDomRGHFULDQoDVH MRYHQVHjDLQGDSHTXHQDSURSRUomRGDSRSXODomRLGRVD(VWDVLWXDomRHVWUXWXUDOpIDYRUiYHO 154 DEMOGRAFIA SRU GXDV UD]}HV 3ULPHLUR D FXUWR H PpGLR SUD]RV R WDPDQKR PHQRU GDV JHUDo}HV GH FULDQoDV FRPSULPH D 5'7 SRVVLELOLWDQGR XP PHOKRU XVR GRV UHFXUVRV GLVSRQtYHLV$R PHVPR WHPSR R SHVR FUHVFHQWH GDV SHVVRDV HP LGDGH DWLYD SURGX] EDL[DV 5'7 R TXH FRQVHTHQWHPHQWHUHGX]SURSRUFLRQDOPHQWHDSUHVVmRGDVGHPDQGDVVRFLDLVGDVFULDQoDV HMRYHQV2%UDVLOjIUHQWHGDPDLRULDGRVSDtVHVODWLQRDPHULFDQRVHVWiHPXPHVWiJLRHP TXHVHUmRREVHUYDGRVDOJXQVGRVPDLVIRUWHVHSRVLWLYRVHIHLWRVGDHVWUXWXUDHWiULD(VWD VLWXDomRFHUWDPHQWHRIHUHFHFRQGLo}HVIDYRUiYHLVSDUDDVRFLHGDGHUHIRUPXODUVHXHVTXHPD GHVHJXULGDGHVRFLDOHGH¿QLUXPDHVWUDWpJLDLGHDOSDUDDWHQGHUDVH[LJrQFLDVGDSRSXODomR LGRVD 2 SHVR UHODWLYR GR VHJPHQWR LGRVR UDSLGDPHQWH FUHVFHQWH DLQGD p UHODWLYDPHQWH SHTXHQR$VFULDQoDVHMRYHQVGHKRMHTXHSHUWHQFHPDJHUDo}HVPHQRUHVGRTXHDTXHODVTXH DVSUHFHGHUDPFRQVWLWXLUmRDIRUoDGHWUDEDOKRGDVSUy[LPDVGpFDGDVTXDQGRHQIUHQWDUmR FUHVFHQWHVHDOWDVUD]}HVGHGHSHQGrQFLDGHLGRVRV6HJXQGRDVSURMHo}HVPDLVUHFHQWHV KDYHUi PDLV LGRVRV TXH FULDQoDV DQWHV GH $ LQIHUrQFLD OyJLFD p TXH D VRFLHGDGH QHFHVVLWD YLWDOPHQWH LQYHVWLU QDV DWXDLV JHUDo}HV GH FULDQoDV H MRYHQV SDUWLFXODUPHQWH QDViUHDVGHVD~GHHHGXFDomR1mRVHWUDWDDSHQDVGHJDUDQWLUDHODVQRIXWXURXPDERD TXDOLGDGHGHYLGDPDVDWRGDDVRFLHGDGHSRLVGHSHQGHUiGHVVDVJHUDo}HVPHQRUHVHP WDPDQKRGRTXHDVDQWHULRUHVRGHVHPSHQKRGDHFRQRPLDEUDVLOHLUDQDVSUy[LPDVGpFDGDV FRPRPHPEURVGDSRSXODomRHPLGDGHDWLYDHPXPFRQWH[WRGHUiSLGRFUHVFLPHQWRHP WHUPRVDEVROXWRVHUHODWLYRVGDSRSXODomRLGRVD1mRDWXDUFRQVLGHUDQGRHVWHSDQRUDPD VHUiSHUGHUDRSRUWXQLGDGHtPSDU±TXHQmRVHDSUHVHQWDUiQRYDPHQWH±GHIDFLOLWDURVDOWR GH¿QLWLYRSDUDRGHVHQYROYLPHQWR &RPRLQWXLWRGHUHÀHWLUVREUHDFRPSOH[LGDGHGR3(3TXHH[LJHXPDDERUGDJHP WUDQVGLVFLSOLQDURWUDEDOKRHQXPHUDDOJXQVGRVGHVD¿RVTXHHVVHSURFHVVRSULQFLSDOPHQWH GHYLGRjVXDYHORFLGDGHDSUHVHQWDSDUDDVVRFLHGDGHVHPGHVHQYROYLPHQWR)D]UHIHUrQFLD jLQIkQFLDHDGROHVFrQFLDjIRUoDGHWUDEDOKRjVPXOKHUHVHjSRSXODomRLGRVD ,Q~PHUDVVmRDVRSRUWXQLGDGHVTXHVXUJHPDVVLPFRPRRVGHVD¿RVQDVIDVHVGH WUDQVLomRGRSDGUmRGHPRJUi¿FRHGDVXDHVWDELOL]DomR$8QLYHUVLGDGHWHPXPDHQRUPH responsabilidade diante de todo esse processo, seja na sua missão de formar cidadãos FRQVFLHQWHVVHMDQRVHXSDSHOGHSUHSDUDUSUR¿VVLRQDLVGDVGLYHUVDViUHDVDSWRVDUHVSRQGHU jVQRYDVGHPDQGDVLQFOXVLYHDTXHODVJHUDGDVSHORQRYRSDGUmRGHPRJUi¿FR Introdução (VWH GRFXPHQWR YLVD VXEVLGLDU XPD UHÀH[mR VREUH XP SURFHVVR HPLQHQWHPHQWH GHPRJUi¿FR RUD HP FXUVR QR %UDVLO FDUDFWHUL]DGR SRU UiSLGR GHFOtQLR GD IHFXQGLGDGH DEMOGRAFIA 155 GLPLQXLomR VLJQL¿FDWLYD GD SURSRUomR GH FULDQoDV H MRYHQV DXPHQWR HQRUPH GR SHVR relativo da população idosa e taxas de crescimento populacional declinantes, tendendo a YDORUHV QXORV RX DWp QHJDWLYRV (VVH SURFHVVR WHP FRQVHTrQFLDV SURIXQGDV SDUD WRGD D VRFLHGDGHEUDVLOHLUDHWHPTXHVHUOHYDGRHPFRQWDSHORVSURJUDPDVGHSyVJUDGXDomRGR 3DtVHPVXDVGLYHUVDViUHDV 'HVFUHYHVH LQLFLDOPHQWH FRPR WHP VLGR HVVH SURFHVVR HQIDWL]DQGR VXD LPSRUWkQFLD (P VHJXLGD PRVWUDPVH DV PXGDQoDV GDV UHODo}HV LQWHUJHUDFLRQDLV HP WHUPRVGHPRJUi¿FRVHGLVFXWHPVHDVSURYiYHLVFRQVHTrQFLDVGHVD¿RVTXHH[WUDSRODP DGLPHQVmRGHPRJUi¿FDFRPrQIDVHQRVFLFORVGHYLGDHDIRUPDFRPRLQWHUDJHPFRPD VRFLHGDGHDVD~GHDHFRQRPLDHQWUHRXWURV 1. O envelhecimento populacional em pauta 'HLQtFLRpIXQGDPHQWDOGLIHUHQFLDURVFRQFHLWRVGHHQYHOKHFLPHQWRSRSXODFLRQDO HGHDXPHQWRGDORQJHYLGDGH2SULPHLURVHGiTXDQGRDXPHQWDDSRSXODomRLGRVDDFLPD GHRXDQRVFRPRSURSRUomRGDSRSXODomRWRWDO$VHJXQGDHVWiGLUHWDPHQWHOLJDGD DRV QtYHLV GH PRUWDOLGDGH TXH FDGD JHUDomR GH SHVVRDV H[SHULPHQWD QR GHFRUUHU GH VXD WUDMHWyULDGHYLGD+iDXPHQWRGDORQJHYLGDGHTXDQGRDVJHUDo}HVPDLVQRYDVVHVXEPHWHP D IXQo}HV GH PRUWDOLGDGH GH QtYHLV PDLV EDL[RV &RPR FRQVHTrQFLD HVVDV FRRUWHV DR QDVFHUHPWHUmRH[SHFWDWLYDVGHYLGDFDGDYH]PDLRUHV 2SURFHVVRGHHQYHOKHFLPHQWRSRSXODFLRQDO3(3QmRpXVXDOPHQWHFRQVHTrQFLD GHGHFOtQLRGDPRUWDOLGDGHHVLPGDTXHGDGDIHFXQGLGDGH16RPHQWHTXDQGRVHXGHFOtQLR FRQFHQWUDVHQDVLGDGHVPDLVDYDQoDGDVDSDUWLUGHRXDQRVpTXHDHYROXomRGD IXQomRGHPRUWDOLGDGHFRQWULEXLSDUDRHQYHOKHFLPHQWRGDSRSXODomR (QWHQGDVHSRUSRSXODomRHQYHOKHFLGDDTXHODRQGHRVLGRVRVWrPXPSHVRUHODWLYR DOWR HP GHWULPHQWR GD SRSXODomR MRYHP DSUHVHQWDQGR XPD GLVWULEXLomR HWiULD PDLV HTXLOLEUDGDVHFRPSDUDGDjVGHQRPLQDGDVSRSXODo}HVMRYHQV(PWHUPRVTXDQWLWDWLYRV SRGHVH FRQVLGHUDU FRPR HQYHOKHFLGD D SRSXODomR QD TXDO PHQRV GH GH VHXV FRPSRQHQWHVWrPPHQRVGHDQRVHSHORPHQRVRXPDLVDQRVGHLGDGH 2 3(3 QmR p XP IHQ{PHQR QRYR ([LVWHP SDtVHV FXMDV SRSXODo}HV LQLFLDUDP XP OHQWRSURFHVVRGHHQYHOKHFLPHQWRQDV~OWLPDVGpFDGDVGRVpFXOR;,; (VWHpR FDVRGH DOJXPDVSRSXODo}HVGD(XURSD6HWHQWULRQDOHGD(XURSD2FLGHQWDO(PQRVSDtVHV GHVVDVUHJL}HVDSRSXODomRDFLPDGHRXPDLVDQRVVXSHUDYDRVHDTXHODGHRX PHQRVDQRVUHSUHVHQWDYDPHQRVGHGRWRWDOGDSRSXODomR2 1 8PDH[SOLFDomRGHFRPRRSHUDPHVWHVPHFDQLVPRVQR3(3SRGHVHUYLVWDHP&DUYDOKRH*DUFLD Salvo afirmação contrária, indicadores internacionais foram calculados a partir das estimativas de população da Divisão de PopuODomRGDV1Do}HV8QLGDVKWWSHVDXQRUJXQSGZSSSHSVBVWRFNLQGLFDWRUVKWP 2 156 DEMOGRAFIA $Wp PHDGRV GD GpFDGD GH GR VpFXOR SDVVDGR D HVWUXWXUD HWiULD GRV SDtVHV GR 7HUFHLUR0XQGRHUDPXLWRGLIHUHQWHGDTXHODGHVFULWDDFLPDDSLUkPLGHHWiULDDSUHVHQWDYD VH FRP EDVH VLJQL¿FDWLYDPHQWH PDLV ODUJD H F~VSLGH PDLV HVWUHLWD (VWH SHU¿O HWiULR HUD FRQVHTrQFLDGHXPDTXDVHHVWDELOLGDGHGHPRJUi¿FDFDUDFWHUL]DGDSRUXPDPRUWDOLGDGH TXH HYROXtUD OHQWDPHQWH GXUDQWH GpFDGDV SDUD QtYHLV FDGD YH] PHQRUHV HQTXDQWR D IHFXQGLGDGHPDQWLYHUDVHHPQtYHLVDOWRVHSUDWLFDPHQWHFRQVWDQWHV(VVDFRPELQDomRGH SURFHVVRV GHPRJUi¿FRV WLQKD FRPR FRQVHTrQFLD XPD FRPSRVLomR HWiULD SURSRUFLRQDO EDVLFDPHQWHFRQVWDQWH7UDWDYDVHGHSRSXODo}HVMRYHQVFRPDOWDVWD[DVGHFUHVFLPHQWR 'HVWDIRUPDDHVWUXWXUDHWiULDGHVVHVSDtVHVQRLQtFLRGRVDQRVHUDDPHVPDGHpSRFDV DQWHULRUHVVHQGRR%UDVLOXPFDVRWtSLFRHQWUHRVSDtVHVHPGHVHQYROYLPHQWR$SULPHLUD SLUkPLGHHWiULDGDVpULHLQFOXtGDQR*5$)TXHVHUHIHUHDLOXVWUDHVVHSHU¿O)RL D SDUWLU GDTXHOD GpFDGD TXH D IHFXQGLGDGH GH YiULRV SDtVHV VXEGHVHQYROYLGRV FRPHoRX XPD WHQGrQFLD GH GHFOtQLR FRP FDUDFWHUtVWLFDV QmR HVSHUDGDV (P SULPHLUR OXJDU SHODV SRVWXODo}HVWHyULFDVGDpSRFDQmRVHSUHYLDPPXGDQoDVLPSRUWDQWHVQRFRPSRUWDPHQWR UHSURGXWLYRGDVPXOKHUHVGDGRTXHDVVRFLHGDGHVQmRHVWDULDPH[SHULPHQWDQGRPXGDQoDV HVWUXWXUDLV VLJQL¿FDWLYDV HP VHJXQGR OXJDU HVVH GHFOtQLR GHXVH D XPD YHORFLGDGH DWp HQWmRQmRREVHUYDGDQDKLVWyULDGHPRJUi¿FDGRVGHPDLVSDtVHV2PHQRUQ~PHURGH¿OKRV WLGRVSHODVPXOKHUHVIUXWRGDEUXVFDTXHGDGDIHFXQGLGDGHFRPHoRXDDOWHUDURSDGUmRSRU LGDGHGDVSRSXODo}HV 2 %UDVLO GHQWUH RV SDtVHV RQGH VH LQLFLRX QRV DQRV XP SURFHVVR GH UiSLGR H VXVWHQWDGRGHFOtQLRGDIHFXQGLGDGHpXPERPH[HPSORGRVXFHGLGR6HQR¿QDOGRVDQRV DWD[DGHIHFXQGLGDGHWRWDO7)7HVWDYDSUy[LPDGH¿OKRVSRUPXOKHUHPHVVH Q~PHURMiFDtUDSDUD&RPGHFOtQLRGDIHFXQGLGDGHGHVWDPDJQLWXGHHPXPSHUtRGR GHDSHQDVWUrVGpFDGDVQmRVXUSUHHQGHTXHDSLUkPLGHHWiULDGHL[DVVHGHWHUEDVHODUJD WtSLFDGHSDtVHVFRPSRSXODomRMRYHPHSDVVDVVHDSHU¿ODUSDGU}HVFDUDFWHUtVWLFRVGHXPD IDVHGHWUDQVLomRSDUDXPDHVWUXWXUDHWiULDHQYHOKHFLGDYHUQR*5$)DSLUkPLGHHWiULD FRUUHVSRQGHQWH D &RPR YLVWR HVVH SURFHVVR GH WUDQVLomR Mi RFRUUHUD QRV SDtVHV GHVHQYROYLGRV1RHQWDQWRQR%UDVLOFRPRHPRXWURVSDtVHVGR7HUFHLUR0XQGRR3(3VH GDUiHPXPSHUtRGRVLJQL¿FDWLYDPHQWHPDLVFXUWRSRUTXHRGHFOtQLRGDIHFXQGLGDGHYHP RFRUUHQGRGHPDQHLUDPXLWRPDLVUiSLGDHVXVWHQWDGD &RPR FRQVHTrQFLD GD UiSLGD TXHGD GD IHFXQGLGDGH EUDVLOHLUD KRXYH WDPEpP declínio da taxa de crescimento da população1RHQWDQWRHVVHGHFOtQLRVHGHXDXPULWPR PHQRUGRTXHRGDIHFXQGLGDGHGHYLGRDRHIHLWRLQHUFLDOGRSDGUmRHWiULR4 3 As taxas médias anuais de crescimento da população brasileira nas últimas 4 décadas, segundo os resultados censitários, foram: H6HJXQGRSURMHo}HVGR,%*(DWD[DGRSHUtRGR 2000-2010 deverá ser de 1.3%. 4 Quando uma população experimenta durante décadas níveis de fecundidade alta e aproximadamente estável, como foi o caso brasileiro até o final dos anos sessenta, estrutura-se um padrão etário favorável a um alto crescimento populacional. Isto porque existe, de um lado, grande proporção de jovens, o que explica um baixo número de mortes, e, de outro, alto percentual de mulheres no período reprodutivo, o que favorece a produção de nascimentos, mesmo em situação de queda de fecundidade. (Para mais GHWDOKHVYHUSRUH[&DUYDOKR DEMOGRAFIA 157 *Ui¿FR%UDVLO'LVWULEXLomRUHODWLYDGDSRSXODomRVHJXQGR VH[RHLGDGHVTLQTHQDLV Fonte: IBGE - ftp://ftp.ibge.gov.br/Estimativas_Projecoes_Populacao/Revisao_2008_Projecoes_1980_2050 (05/06/2010 13:23) Nota: Em que pese ser, tecnicamente, errado graficar o último grupo etário (80 e mais) da forma acima, este procedimento permite enfatizar a importância da população idosa no total da população. 158 DEMOGRAFIA 2GHFOtQLRGDIHFXQGLGDGHQmRVHHVWDELOL]RXHPWRUQRGRQtYHOGHUHSRVLomRLVWRp DTXHOHQHFHVViULRSDUDJDUDQWLUDUHSRVLomRGDVJHUDo}HVTXHRFRUUHTXDQGRD7)7DOFDQoD YDORUHVSUy[LPRVD¿OKRVSRUPXOKHUHVWHQtYHOMiIRLDOFDQoDGRSHODSRSXODomREUDVLOHLUD por volta de 200558PQ~PHURFRQVLGHUiYHOGHSDtVHVGR7HUFHLUR0XQGRWRGD2FHDQLD China e os conhecidos tigres asiáticos) apresentou taxas abaixo desse nível ao se encerrar o VpFXOR;;1$d®(681,'$6, 2009)0DLVUHFHQWHPHQWHP~OWLSODVHYLGrQFLDVVXUJLGDV GHSRLVGDURGDGDGRVFHQVRVGHPRVWUDUDPTXHWDPEpPHPYiULRVSDtVHVODWLQR americanos, a fecundidade situou-se abaixo ou em torno do nível de reposição, antes de 2010 (:21* $VSURMHo}HVPDLVUHFHQWHVGDSRSXODomREUDVLOHLUDHODERUDGDVSHOD)XQGDomR,%*( HPDGRWDPFRPRKLSyWHVHXPD7)7GHHPGHHP$SDUWLU GDTXHOH DQR D IHFXQGLGDGH SHUPDQHFHULD FRQVWDQWH DWp FRP XPD 7)7 GH $SHVDUGHXPDIHFXQGLGDGHVLJQL¿FDWLYDPHQWHDEDL[RGRQtYHOGHUHSRVLomRDSRSXODomR GR3DtVVRPHQWHSDVVDULDDGHFUHVFHUGXUDQWHRVDQRVGHVWHVpFXORGHYLGRFRPRYLVWR DQWHULRUPHQWHDRHIHLWRLQHUFLDOGDHVWUXWXUDHWiULDEUDVLOHLUD6 O declínio da fecundidade leva, sempre, a uma diminuição do peso relativo, na HVWUXWXUDHWiULDGRVJUXSRVHWiULRVPDLVMRYHQVQmRQHFHVVDULDPHQWHDGHFOtQLRQRVQ~PHURV DEVROXWRV1RHQWDQWRQR%UDVLODTXHGDGDIHFXQGLGDGHIRLWmRUiSLGDTXHGHVGHR&HQVR GHHQWUHDVFRRUWHVQDVFLGDVDSyVDVPDLVQRYDVVmRJHUDOPHQWHPHQRUHVGRTXH DVPDLVYHOKDV(VVHIHQ{PHQRSRGHVHUREVHUYDGRQDSLUkPLGHHWiULDGHQR*5$) 6HJXQGRDVSURMHo}HVGR,%*(HVWDWHQGrQFLDGHYHUiSHUGXUDUDWpPHDGRVGRVpFXOR 6LPXOWDQHDPHQWH j TXHGD GD IHFXQGLGDGH QmR VH GHYH LJQRUDU TXH D PRUWDOLGDGH continuou declinando; como se sabe, inicialmente, este declínio se deve, principalmente, ao FRQWUROHGHGRHQoDVLQIHFWRFRQWDJLRVDVTXHDIHWDPSULQFLSDOPHQWHDVFULDQoDV$H[WHQVmR GHVWHSURFHVVRDWRGDDSRSXODomRWUD]FRQVHTXHQWHPHQWHDXPHQWRVQDORQJHYLGDGHGRV LQGLYtGXRV&RPRHYLGrQFLDGHVWHIHQ{PHQROHPEUHVHTXHHPSRXFRPDLVGH GDVJHUDo}HVPDVFXOLQDVEUDVLOHLUDVFRQVHJXLDPVREUHYLYHUDWpDLGDGH(PSUHYr VHTXHDSURSRUomRVHMDVXSHULRUDHVHHVSHUDTXHHPXOWUDSDVVH7 &RPRFRQVHTrQFLDGDLQpUFLDSRSXODFLRQDOHRDXPHQWRGDORQJHYLGDGHHVSHUDVH TXHDUHSUHVHQWDWLYLGDGHGDSRSXODomRGHDQRVHPDLVVHMDPDLRUYHUQR*5$)D SLUkPLGHHWiULDFRUUHVSRQGHQWHDRVDQRVH 5 $3HVTXLVD1DFLRQDOGH'HPRJUDILDH6D~GH31'6GHHDV3HVTXLVDV1DFLRQDLVSRU$PRVWUD'RPLFLOLDU31$'GRVHJXQdo qüinqüênio dos anos 2000 coincidem em apontar menos que dois filhos por mulher como valor médio do Brasil. 6 As perspectivas sobre o futuro da população brasileira, aqui, apresentadas - a não ser afirmação contrária, são aquelas contidas na projeção da população elaborada pelo IBGE, em 2008: ftp://ftp.ibge.gov.br/Estimativas_Projecoes _Populacao /Revisao_2008_ Projecoes_1980_2050/Revisao_2008_Projecoes_1980_2050/ 7 Proporções derivadas de Tabelas de Sobrevivência para o Brasil (http://www.eclac.cl/celade/proyecciones /basedatos_BD.htm DEMOGRAFIA 159 2. As mudanças nas relações intergeracionais causadas pelo envelhecimento populacional 2 H[WUHPDPHQWH UiSLGR SURFHVVR GH HQYHOKHFLPHQWR GD SRSXODomR EUDVLOHLUD FDXVDUi SURIXQGDV PXGDQoDV QDV UHODo}HV LQWHUJHUDFLRQDLV &RQVLGHUHPVH SDUD PHOKRU FRPSUHHQGHU LVWR DV UHODo}HV QXPpULFDV HQWUH JUDQGHV JUXSRV HWiULRV D VDEHU HQWUH RV menores de 15 e os maiores de 65, no seu conjunto, população considerada dependente, e DTXHOHHQWUHHDQRVFRQVWLWXtGRSRUSHVVRDVFRQVLGHUDGDVHPLGDGHGHWUDEDOKDU $SDUWLUGHVWHVJUXSRVpSRVVtYHOREVHUYDUFRPRHYROXHPDVUD]}HVGHGHSHQGrQFLD 5'7HVHXVFRPSRQHQWHVMRYHPHLGRVR 8WDOFRPRLOXVWUDGRQR*5$)$SULPHLUD REVHUYDomRpDUHODWLYDFRQVWkQFLDGRVGRLVFRPSRQHQWHVFXMDVRPDUHVXOWDWDPEpPQD HVWDELOLGDGHHPQtYHLVDOWRVGD5'7DWpRVDQRVVHWHQWD$SDUWLUGHHQWmRREVHUYDVHXPD YHOR] TXHGD GHVWH tQGLFH SURYRFDGD HVVHQFLDOPHQWH SHOD GLPLQXLomR GD 5'-$ 5'7 DOFDQoDUiYDORUHVPtQLPRVSURYDYHOPHQWHSRUYROWDGH &RPRPHQFLRQDGRHP:RQJH&DUYDOKRDSDUWLFLSDomRGDSRSXODomRHPLGDGH GHWUDEDOKDUSHUPDQHFHXFRQVWDQWHHFRPYDORUHVDOWRVDWpTXDQGRRFRQWLQJHQWH GHSHQGHQWHFRPPHQRVGHHDFLPDGHDQRVFRUUHVSRQGLDDDSUR[LPDGDPHQWH GD SRSXODomR WRWDO$FLPD GH GRV GHSHQGHQWHV HUDP FULDQoDV H MRYHQV FRP PHQRV GHDQRV$5'7WHPGLPLQXtGRGHVGHHQWmRHDVVLPGHYHUiFRQWLQXDUDWpRVDQRV GHVWHVpFXORSURGXWRGDFRPELQDomRGHWUrVWHQGrQFLDVDXPHQWRHPULWPRHOHYDGRGR tamanho absoluto da população mais velha9GLPLQXLomRGRVHJPHQWRFRPPHQRVGH DQRVDXPHQWRGDSRSXODomRHPLGDGHDWLYDDLQGDTXHHPULWPRGHFUHVFHQWHSURGXWRHP JUDQGHSDUWHGDDOWDIHFXQGLGDGHSUHYDOHFHQWHQRSDVVDGR$5'7QmRUHWRUQDUiDRVDOWRV QtYHLVUHJLVWUDGRVDWpHPERUDD5',SURYDYHOPHQWHTXDVHGXSOLFDUiHQWUHH HVHUiTXDWURYH]HVPDLRUHPHPUHODomRD10 8 $5D]mRGH'HSHQGrQFLDWRWDO5'7WHPGRLVFRPSRQHQWHV 5D]mRGH'HSHQGrQFLD-RYHP5'- SRSXODomRPHQRUGHDQRVSRSXODomRGH 5D]mRGH'HSHQGrQFLD,GRVD5', SRSXODomRGHDQRVRXPDLVSRSXODomRGH $VVLP5'7 5'-5'7 9 Até por volta de 2035, toda a população idosa será constituída de sobreviventes das coortes nascidas antes de 70, quando o número de nascimentos crescia a um ritmo em torno de 3% ao ano. 10 Em 2000, a RDI era de 8,4%. Estima-se que, em 2025 será de 15,7% e, em 2050, 35,4%. 160 DEMOGRAFIA *Ui¿FR%UDVLOD5D]}HVGH'HSHQGrQFLD7RWDO5'7HVHXVFRPSRQHQWHV -RYHP5'-H,GRVR5', Fonte: Adaptado de Wong e Carvalho (2006) e IBGE para o período 1980-2050. 2ËQGLFHGH(QYHOKHFLPHQWR,(pXPDPHGLGDTXHpPDLVVHQVtYHOjVYDULDo}HV QDGLVWULEXLomRGHLGDGHXPDYH]TXHFRQVLGHUDVRPHQWHRTXRFLHQWHHQWUHRVGRLVJUXSRV HWiULRVDIHWDGRVQRSURFHVVRGHHQYHOKHFLPHQWR11'HSRLVGHSHUPDQHFHUHPWRUQRGH LGRVRVSDUDFDGDFULDQoDVSRUXPORQJRSHUtRGRR,(HVWLPDGRSDVVRXSDUDHP &RPSDUDo}HVIHLWDVSRU0RUHLUDFRORFDPR%UDVLOHQWUHRVSDtVHVFRPRULWPR mais acentuado de crescimento deste Índice no futuro próximo; assim, em um período GHDSHQDVDQRVHQWUHHR,(GHYHUiWULSOLFDUDWLQJLQGRXPQtYHOSUy[LPR GH LGRVRV FRP DQRV RX PDLV SDUD FDGD FULDQoDV PHQRUHV GH DQRV 1R TLQTrQLRRQ~PHURGHSHVVRDVLGRVDVXOWUDSDVVDUiPXLWRSURYDYHOPHQWHR GHFULDQoDVHDSDUWLUGHVHJXQGRDVSURMHo}HVKDYHUiPDLVGHLGRVRVSDUDFDGD FULDQoDV &RQVLGHUDQGRVH DV UHODo}HV HQWUH RV WUrV JUDQGHV JUXSRV HWiULRV DWXDOPHQWH HVWDPRV GLDQWH GH XPD MDQHOD GH RSRUWXQLGDGHV HP WHUPRV GHPRJUi¿FRV RX bônus, na WHUPLQRORJLDGHRXWURVHVWXGLRVRV&RPHIHLWRR3DtVHVWiDWLQJLQGRVXDPDLVEDL[D5D]mR GH'HSHQGrQFLD7RWDOGHYLGRDRDXPHQWRGDSRSXODomRQDVLGDGHVDWLYDVHPWHUPRVWDQWR DEVROXWRVTXDQWRUHODWLYRVDRUiSLGRGHFOtQLRGDSDUWLFLSDomRGHFULDQoDVHMRYHQVHj DLQGDSHTXHQDSURSRUomRGDSRSXODomRLGRVD:21* e CARVALHO 11 Índice de Envelhecimento é a relação entre a população com 60 anos ou mais e os menores de 15 anos. Seguindo recomendações internacionais, no caso deste índice, considera-se idoso, nos países em desenvolvimento, aquele que tem 60 ou mais anos SRUTXHDVGRHQoDVFU{QLFDVFRPHoDPDVXUJLUFRPPDLVIUHTrQFLDDSDUWLUGHVVDLGDGH DEMOGRAFIA 161 (VWDVLWXDomRHVWUXWXUDOpIDYRUiYHOSRUGXDVUD]}HV3ULPHLURDFXUWRHPpGLRSUD]RV RWDPDQKRPHQRUGDVJHUDo}HVGHFULDQoDVFRPSULPHD5'7SRVVLELOLWDQGRXPPHOKRUXVR GRVUHFXUVRVGLVSRQtYHLV$RPHVPRWHPSRRSHVRFUHVFHQWHGDVSHVVRDVHPLGDGHDWLYD SURGX]EDL[DVUD]}HVGHGHSHQGrQFLDRTXHFRQVHTHQWHPHQWHUHGX]SURSRUFLRQDOPHQWH DSUHVVmRGDVGHPDQGDVVRFLDLVGHFULDQoDVHLGRVRV2%UDVLOXPSRXFRPDLVjIUHQWHGD PDLRULDGRVSDtVHVODWLQRDPHULFDQRVHVWiHPXPHVWiJLRHPTXHVHUmRREVHUYDGRVDOJXQV GRVPDLVIRUWHVHSRVLWLYRVHIHLWRVGDHVWUXWXUDHWiULD(VWDVLWXDomRFHUWDPHQWHRIHUHFH FRQGLo}HV IDYRUiYHLV SDUD D VRFLHGDGH UHIRUPXODU VHX HVTXHPD GH VHJXULGDGH VRFLDO H GHWHUPLQDU XPD HVWUDWpJLD LGHDO SDUD DWHQGHU jV H[LJrQFLDV GD SRSXODomR LGRVD12 (P VHJXQGROXJDUD5',VHUiVLJQL¿FDWLYDPHQWHPDLVDOWDVRPHQWHDSDUWLUGH$VFULDQoDV HMRYHQVGHKRMHTXHSHUWHQFHPDJHUDo}HVPHQRUHVGRTXHDTXHODVTXHDVSUHFHGHUDP FRQVWLWXLUmRDIRUoDGHWUDEDOKRGDVSUy[LPDVGpFDGDVHHQIUHQWDUmRFUHVFHQWHVHDOWDVUD]}HV GHGHSHQGrQFLDGHLGRVRV9DOHDSHQDUHSHWLUDVHFRQ¿UPDUDVSURMHo}HVPDLVUHFHQWHV KDYHUi PDLV LGRVRV TXH FULDQoDV DQWHV GH $ LQIHUrQFLD OyJLFD p TXH D VRFLHGDGH QHFHVVLWDYLWDOPHQWHLQYHVWLUQDDWXDOJHUDomRGHFULDQoDVHMRYHQVSDUWLFXODUPHQWHQDV iUHDVGHVD~GHHHGXFDomR1mRVHWUDWDDSHQDVGHJDUDQWLUDHODVQRIXWXURXPDERD TXDOLGDGHGHYLGDPDVDWRGDDVRFLHGDGHSRLVGHSHQGHUiGDVQRYDVJHUDo}HVQRYDPHQWH PHQRUHV HP WDPDQKR GR TXH DV DQWHULRUHV R GHVHPSHQKR GD HFRQRPLD EUDVLOHLUD QDV SUy[LPDVGpFDGDVFRPRPHPEURVGDSRSXODomRHPLGDGHDWLYDHPXPFRQWH[WRGHUiSLGR FUHVFLPHQWRHPWHUPRVDEVROXWRVHSULQFLSDOPHQWHUHODWLYRVGDSRSXODomRLGRVD 1mR DWXDU FRQVLGHUDQGR HVWH SDQRUDPD VHUi SHUGHU D RSRUWXQLGDGH tPSDU ± TXH QmR VH DSUHVHQWDUi QRYDPHQWH ± GH JDUDQWLU R VDOWR GH¿QLWLYR SDUD R GHVHQYROYLPHQWR HFRQ{PLFRHVRFLDOGDSRSXODomREUDVLOHLUD$VRSRUWXQLGDGHVSHUGLGDVHRVGHVD¿RVQmR VHUmRWUDQVSRVWRVRTXHWUDUiVpULDVFRQVHTrQFLDVSDUDD6RFLHGDGH 3. O envelhecimento populacional: um processo e fenômeno de interesse interdisciplinar &RPR LOXVWUDGR DFLPD R %UDVLO H JUDQGH SDUWH GR PXQGR HP GHVHQYROYLPHQWR HVWiSDVVDQGRSRULPSRUWDQWHVPXGDQoDVQDVXDFRPSRVLomRSRULGDGHTXHFXOPLQDUmR LQH[RUDYHOPHQWHHPXPSDGUmRHWiULRHQYHOKHFLGR (P UD]mR GLVWR PXLWRV SDUDGLJPDV GHYHPVHUUHYLVWRVSDUDHQIUHQWDUPHOKRURVGHVD¿RVTXHWDLVPXGDQoDVWUD]HP 12 6REUHHVWHDVVXQWRYHUSRUH[HPSOR%ORRPH:LOOLDPVRQ1DYDQHHWKDP/LQGKH0DOPEHUJ3RROHWDO 7XUUDH4XHLUR] 162 DEMOGRAFIA Com o intuito de rHÀHWLUVREUHDFRPSOH[LGDGHGR3(3TXHH[LJHXPDDERUGDJHP WUDQVGLVFLSOLQDU HQXPHUDPVH D VHJXLU DOJXQV GRV GHVD¿RV TXH HVVH SURFHVVR SULQFLSDOPHQWHGHYLGRDVXDYHORFLGDGHDSUHVHQWDSDUDDVVRFLHGDGHVHPGHVHQYROYLPHQWR 6DEHQGRTXHDVGHPDQGDVGRVLQGLYtGXRV±HVXDIRUPDGHLQWHUDJLUFRPDVD~GHDHFRQRPLD RPHLRDPELHQWHHQWUHRXWURV±HVWmRPXLWRDVVRFLDGDVDRFLFORGHYLGDGHVWDFDPVHRV VHJXLQWHVDVSHFWRV a) $LQIkQFLDHDDGROHVFrQFLD $REYLHGDGHTXHWUD]RGHFOtQLRGRQ~PHURGHQDVFLPHQWRVpDGDPDLRUIDFLOLGDGH SDUDVHDWHQGHUTXDQWLWDWLYDPHQWHjVH[LJrQFLDVGDLQIkQFLD1RFDVRGR%UDVLORQ~PHUR GH QDVFLPHQWRV YHP GLPLQXLQGR GHVGH DQWHV GH GH IRUPD WDO TXH HP HVVH Q~PHURGHYHVHUHPWRUQRGHPHQRUTXHRUHJLVWUDGRQRVDQRVRLWHQWD3UHYrVHTXH HVVHFRPSRUWDPHQWRSHUPDQHoDGXUDQWHYiULDVGpFDGDVSDUDHVSHUDVHHPWRUQRGH GRWRWDOGHQDVFLPHQWRVSURGX]LGRVHP &RPDPDJQLWXGHGDVUHGXo}HVD FREHUWXUDWRWDOGRVPXLWRVVHUYLoRVRIHUHFLGRVSHOR(VWDGRSRGHULDVHUjSULPHLUDYLVWD DWLQJLGDVHPDPSOLDomRVLJQL¿FDWLYDGRVUHFXUVRVDWXDOPHQWHGHVWLQDGRVDHOHVRJUDQGH GHVD¿RQRHQWDQWRpPHOKRUDUDTXDOLGDGHGRVVHUYLoRVVDELGDPHQWHGH¿FLHQWHDWXDOPHQWH SDUD R TXr Ki QHFHVVLGDGH GH PDLRUHV LQYHVWLPHQWRV LQFOXVLYH QRV UHFXUVRV KXPDQRV QHFHVViULRV SDUD DWHQGrORV DGHTXDGDPHQWH $ DVVLVWrQFLD PDWHUQRLQIDQWLO p XP FODUR H[HPSOR2DFHVVRDRSUpQDWDOHVWiDRDOFDQFHQR%UDVLOGHPDLVGHGDVPXOKHUHV JUiYLGDV 1R HQWDQWR HP SRXFR PDLV GD PHWDGH GDV SDUWXULHQWHV WLYHUDP DFHVVR jV VHWH FRQVXOWDV SUHFRQL]DGDV SHORV RUJDQLVPRV HVSHFLDOL]DGRV FRPR R Q~PHUR LGHDO As mulheres com menor nível educacional encontravam-se em situação extremamente desvantajosa142PHVPRUDFLRFtQLRVHDSOLFDjVGHPDQGDVSRUHGXFDomREiVLFD$FREHUWXUD HVFRODUGDVFULDQoDVHMRYHQVGHDDQRVMiVHDSUR[LPDGRVPDVRVHVWXGDQWHV EUDVLOHLURVWrPKRMHHPGLDHHPTXHSHVHPRVHVIRUoRVSURSDJDGRVSHOR*RYHUQRXP DSURYHLWDPHQWRH[WUHPDPHQWHGH¿FLHQWHVLWXDQGRVHQRWHUoRLQIHULRUGRUDQNLQJPXQGLDO da Unesco (UNESCO &RPRGLWRDQWHVDVQRYDVHFDGDYH]PHQRUHVJHUDo}HVSDVVDUmRDFRQVWLWXLUGH IRUPDFUHVFHQWHQDVSUy[LPDVGpFDGDVDPmRGHREUDUHVSRQViYHOSRUJHUDUUHFXUVRVSDUD XPDVRFLHGDGHHPSOHQRSURFHVVRGHHQYHOKHFLPHQWR'DtTXHPDQWHQGRVHFRQVWDQWHVD TXDQWLGDGHHTXDOLGDGHGDDWXDORIHUWDGHVHUYLoRVDHVVHS~EOLFRUHVXOWDUiQXPD3($FRP 13 Em 2000, o número de nascimentos foi estimado em 3,5 milhões. Em 2030, a se concretizar os cenários previstos nas projeções do IBGE, seriam produzidos 2,3 milhões. Em 2050, por último, produzir-se-iam, apenas, 1,7 milhões. 14 Em 2007, apenas 56 % das mães de crianças nascidas vivas registradas no SINASC tiveram sete ou mais consultas pré-natais. Entre as mulheres com 3 ou menos anos de educação, esta proporção desce para 35%. (http://tabnet.datasus.gov.br/cgi/deftohtm. H[H"VLQDVFFQYQYXIGHI DEMOGRAFIA 163 DPHVPDTXDOL¿FDomRHFDSDFLGDGHGHSURGXomRGHKRMHLVWRpLQVX¿FLHQWHSDUDVXVWHQWDU XPD VRFLHGDGH FRP PXLWDV H PDLV FDUDV H FRPSOH[DV GHPDQGDV D VDWLVID]HU 2 JUDQGH GHVD¿RTXHVHFRORFDpTXDOL¿FDUDRPi[LPRHVWDVQRYDVJHUDo}HVPHVPRSRUTXrRVSUp UHTXLVLWRVLPSRVWRVSHODVQRYDVWHFQRORJLDVGHSURGXomRUHODWLYRVDRVUHFXUVRVKXPDQRV DYDQoDPDXPULWPRQXQFDDQWHVYLYHQFLDGRSHODKXPDQLGDGH 8PFRPHQWiULRVREUHDSUpHVFRODDRPHVPRWHPSRHPTXHHPSULQFtSLRDGHPDQGD SRU SUpHVFRODV GHYHULD VHU PDLV EHP DWHQGLGD GDGD D UHGXomR GH Q~PHUR GH FULDQoDV RSUySULRSURFHVVRGHGHVHQYROYLPHQWRHPRGHUQL]DomRWHQGHDDQXODUHVWDYDQWDJHP$ GHPDQGDSRUHGXFDomRSUpHVFRODUGHYHDXPHQWDUGHYLGRDRFUHVFLPHQWRGDSDUWLFLSDomR IHPLQLQDQDIRUoDGHWUDEDOKRHjGLIXVmRGHDWLWXGHVPRGHUQDVTXHLQFHQWLYDPDLWHUDomR GDVFULDQoDVDOpPGDIURQWHLUDGRPpVWLFD $RIHUWDHVWiORQJHGHVHDGHTXDUiGHPDQGDDLPSUHVVmRQHJDWLYDGHHGXFDGRUHV TXDQGR D¿UPDP TXH ³as autoridades que comandam o setor no país não consideram essencial o investimento na educação de crianças dessa faixa etária” (0$&+$'2, pHQGRVVDGDSRULQGLFDGRUHVGH¿FLHQWHVWDQWRGHUHFXUVRVKXPDQRVFRPRGHLQIUD HVWUXWXUD$8QHVFRD¿UPDTXHPDLVGHGHGRFHQWHVTXHDWXDPQDVFUHFKHV H SUpHVFRODV FDGDVWUDGDV QR &HQVR (VFRODU QmR HVWmR KDELOLWDGRV FRQIRUPH D /HL GH 'LUHWUL]HVH%DVHVGD(GXFDomR1DFLRQDOHTXH“a qualidade do atendimento nas creches e pré-escolas brasileiras está distante das recomendações do Ministério da Educação, no que tange aos espaços físicos, materiais e projetos pedagógicos e na formação docente” (UNESCOSiJ b) A força de trabalho 3RUHVWDUFRPSRVWDDLQGDSULQFLSDOPHQWHGHJHUDo}HVQDVFLGDVDQWHVGRGHFOtQLRGD IHFXQGLGDGHDSRSXODomRHPLGDGHDWLYDDSUHVHQWDWD[DVGHFUHVFLPHQWRSRVLWLYDVTXHVH PDQWHUmRDWpDSUR[LPDGDPHQWH(PUD]mRGHFUHVFHUDWXDOPHQWHPDLVUDSLGDPHQWH GRTXHDSRSXODomRWRWDOVHULDFDSD]HPSULQFtSLRGHJHUDUXPDXPHQWRSURSRUFLRQDOGD UHQGDHFRQVHTHQWHPHQWHGHUHFHLWDV¿VFDLVVXSHULRUjTXHOHGDSRSXODomRWRWDOTURRA, 2000 e :21* e CARVALHO 2 SULPHLUR H PDLV HYLGHQWH GHVD¿R p D JHUDomR GH HPSUHJRV TXH DFRPSDQKH R FUHVFLPHQWRGDSRSXODomRHPLGDGHDWLYD'RSRQWRGHYLVWDGHPRJUi¿FRHVVHFUHVFLPHQWR UHSUHVHQWD XP E{QXV TXH VH WUDQVIRUPDUi HP EHQHItFLR SDUD D VRFLHGDGH VH D IRUoD GH WUDEDOKR IRU SOHQD H DGHTXDGDPHQWH HPSUHJDGD FDVR QHJDWLYR SRGH WUDQVIRUPDUVH HP HOHPHQWR SHUWXUEDGRU H JHUDGRU GH YLROrQFLDV VRFLDLV15 2X DLQGD JHUDGRU GH ÀX[RV 15 Ver sobre isto, por exemplo, Urdal e Hoelscher, 2009; NRC, 2003; Muniz, 2001. 164 DEMOGRAFIA HPLJUDWyULRVHPEXVFDGHHPSUHJRHPHOKRUHVFRQGLo}HVGHYLGD16FRPRHVWHVÀX[RVVH FRQFHQWUDPVDELGDPHQWHQDVLGDGHVDWLYDVSRGHPLQFOXVLYHUHIRUoDUR3(3 O aumento do peso relativo da força de trabalho sênior DTXHOD GH DQRV H PDLV GHQWUR GD SRSXODomR HP LGDGH GH WUDEDOKDU FRQVHTrQFLD GR PHVPR SURFHVVR GH envelhecimento da população, pode contribuir, positivamente, para a aceleração do processo GHGHVHQYROYLPHQWRHFRQ{PLFRGHYLGRjVXDPDLRUFDSDFLGDGHGHSRXSDQoD/,1'+ e MALMBERG &RPR PHQFLRQDGR DQWHULRUPHQWH HVSHUDVH TXH QR %UDVLO HVWH JUXSR DSUHVHQWH WD[DV GH FUHVFLPHQWR DOWDV H FRQVWDQWHV QDV SUy[LPDV GpFDGDV &RPR QRFDVRGH6LQJDSXUDDQDOLVDGRSRU1DYDQHHWKDPR%UDVLOSRGHXVDUHVVHE{QXV GHPRJUi¿FRGXUDQWHDVSUy[LPDVGpFDGDVSDUDDXPHQWDUVXDFDSDFLGDGHGHSRXSDQoDH WUDQVIRUPiODHPLQYHVWLPHQWRSURGXWLYR'HYHVHGL]HUTXHRE{QXVGHPRJUi¿FRVLJQL¿FD DSHQDVRSRUWXQLGDGHVTXHVHUmRRXQmRDSURYHLWDGDVSHODVRFLHGDGH%HKUPDQHWDO FRQVWDWDPTXHQD$PpULFD/DWLQDR3(3QmRFRLQFLGLXFRPDXPHQWRVQDSRXSDQoDHP FRQWUDVWHFRPRTXHDFRQWHFHXQRVSDtVHVDVLiWLFRV8PDUD]mRSDUDLVWRWHULDVLGRTXH MXVWDPHQWHTXDQGRDUHJLmRFRPHoRXDGH¿QLUHVWDMDQHODGHRSRUWXQLGDGHVGHPRJUi¿FDV IRLDWLQJLGDSHODJUDYHFULVH¿QDQFHLUDLQWHUQDFLRQDOGRVDQRV 1D SRSXODomR HP LGDGH DWLYD HQWUHWDQWR HQTXDQWR D IRUoD GH WUDEDOKR sênior no %UDVLO FRQWLQXDU FUHVFHQGR WDQWR HP WHUPRV DEVROXWRV TXDQWR UHODWLYRV HP UHODomR D SRSXODomRWRWDORVHJPHQWRjúniorSRSXODomRGHDDQRVHQWUDUiHPXPSHUtRGRGH FUHVFLPHQWRQHJDWLYRLQFOXVLYHHPWHUPRVDEVROXWRVFRPDFRQVHTHQWHUHSHUFXVVmRQD HQWUDGDQD3($6HSRUXPODGRLVWRJHUDPHQRUSUHVVmRSDUDJHUDomRGHQRYRVHPSUHJRV SRURXWURSRGHWDPEpPVHUPRWLYRGHSUHRFXSDomR&KHVQDLVDUJXPHQWDTXHHVWH JUXSR WDPEpP p proxy SDUD R PHUFDGR GH FRQVXPR GDGR TXH VHXV FRPSRQHQWHV HVWmR QDIDVHGHIRUPDomRGHQRYDVIDPtOLDVHPTXHVXUJHPGHPDQGDVSRUPRUDGLDPyYHLV DXWRPyYHLVHRXWURVEHQVGXUDGRXURV$VVLPRFUHVFLPHQWRQHJDWLYRGHVVHJUXSRSRGHVHU XPIDWRULJXDOPHQWHQHJDWLYRVHQmRIRULQVHULGRDGHTXDGDPHQWHQRVLVWHPDGHIRUPDD DTXHFHUDHFRQRPLDLVWRpWRUQDQGRRDOWDPHQWHSURGXWLYR 1R %UDVLO SDUWH LPSRUWDQWH GD SRSXODomR MRYHP DLQGD HVWi QD HVFROD SDUWH Mi VH HQFRQWUD HPSUHJDGD $R HQWUDU QR VpFXOR ;;, GRLV WHUoRV GRV MRYHQV GH DQRV IUHTHQWDYDP D HVFROD HVWDQGR RX QmR HPSUHJDGRV GHVWHV DSUR[LPDGDPHQWH PHWDGH HP PpGLD PDLV SREUH WUDEDOKDYD HP WHPSR LQWHJUDO 6LOYD /HPH H :DMQPDQ HQFRQWUDUDPTXHHQWUHDTXHOHVTXHWUDEDOKDPHIUHTHQWDPHVFRODVLPXOWDQHDPHQWHXPD SRUomR VLJQL¿FDWLYD UHWRUQRX j HVFROD GHSRLV GH VH WRUQDU HFRQRPLFDPHQWH DWLYD R TXH 16 Ver sobre isto, por exemplo, Urdal e Hoelscher, 2009; NRC, 2003; Muniz, 2001. (VWHPRYLPHQWRHVWiSUHVHQWHSRUH[HPSORQR(TXDGRU&RO{PELDHDOJXQVSDtVHVGH$PpULFD&HQWUDOTXHHVWLPDVHSRVVXtDP já em 2000, mais de 10% da população residindo fora do país nativo (http://www.eclac.cl/publicaciones/xml/8/27498/ObservatoULRGHPRJUDILFRSGI DEMOGRAFIA 165 SRGHULDVHUIUXWRGDSUHVVmRSRUTXDOL¿FDomRDGLFLRQDO$VVLPQRYDPHQWHRVIRUPXODGRUHV de políticas deveriam aproveitar a conjuntura oferecida pelo processo de envelhecimento SRSXODFLRQDO H SULYLOHJLDU D IRUPDomR GH UHFXUVRV KXPDQRV FRP SDUWLFXODU DWHQomR jV JHUDo}HVPDLVQRYDV &RPR D UD]mR GH GHSHQGrQFLD LGRVD HVWi DXPHQWDQGR UDSLGDPHQWH p DJRUD TXH VH GHYH WLUDU SURYHLWR GR E{QXV GHPRJUi¿FR RIHUHFLGR SHOR DXPHQWR GR SHVR UHODWLYR GD SRSXODomR HP LGDGH DWLYD H TXH SHUVLVWLUi DWp RV DQRV GHVWH VpFXOR ,VWR SRGHULD FHUWDPHQWH DXPHQWDU D SRXSDQoD TXH DGHTXDGDPHQWH LQYHVWLGD DWHQGHULD PHOKRU jV GHPDQGDVIXWXUDVGDSRSXODomRLGRVD c) $VPXOKHUHVHDVUHODo}HVGHJrQHUR $DWXDOGLQkPLFDGHPRJUi¿FDSRGHUiFRQWULEXLUSRVLWLYDPHQWHSDUDDGLPLQXLomRGD GLVFULPLQDomRFRQWUDDVPXOKHUHVQDVRFLHGDGHEUDVLOHLUD$RGLPLQXLURULWPRGRDXPHQWR GD GHPDQGD SRU HVFROD RX DWp R Q~PHUR DEVROXWR GH QRYRV GHPDQGDQWHV FRPR VXFHGH DWXDOPHQWHDSUHVHQWDVHDR3DtVRSRUWXQLGDGHVHPSUHFHGHQWHVSDUDVHDWLQJLUFREHUWXUD HVFRODUFRPSOHWDHGHERDTXDOLGDGHQRVQtYHLVIXQGDPHQWDOHPpGLRGHHQVLQR2PHOKRU nível educacional, se traduzido em participação crescente das mulheres no mercado de WUDEDOKRGHYHULDFRQWULEXLUSDUDXPDPDLRUHPDQFLSDomRGDVPXOKHUHVHFRQVHTHQWHPHQWH SDUDDHUUDGLFDomRGDGLVFULPLQDomRFRQWUDHODVQDVRFLHGDGHEUDVLOHLUD 1HVVH FHQiULR GH UiSLGDV PXGDQoDV XPD IHFXQGLGDGH HP QtYHLV EDL[RV SURSLFLD HPSULQFtSLRPHOKRUHVQtYHLVGHVD~GHUHSURGXWLYD$RGLPLQXLUDIHFXQGLGDGHRULVFRGH SURGX]LUXPQDVFLGRYLYRFDLEUXVFDPHQWHHFRPLVWRRGHVJDVWHGD¿VLRORJLDIHPLQLQD GHYLGR D SDUWRV QXPHURVRV$R PHVPR WHPSR R DFHVVR D VHUYLoRV GH¿FLHQWHV GH VD~GH QRWDGDPHQWH FRQWUDFHSomR SRGH DXPHQWDU D SURSRUomR GH JUDYLGH]HV QmR GHVHMDGDV H FRP LVWR VXD LQWHUUXSomR YROXQWiULD R TXH H[S}H D PXOKHU D DERUWRV LQVHJXURV HP FRQWH[WRVRQGHHVWDSUiWLFDpLOHJDO$IHFXQGLGDGHQR%UDVLOFRQFHQWUDVHVREUHPDQHLUD QDVLGDGHVMRYHQVVHQGRUHODWLYDPHQWHSRXFDVDVPXOKHUHVTXHGmRjOX]DSyVFRPSOHWDUHP RX DQRV 7UDWDVH GH XPD IHFXQGLGDGH SUHFRFH DR FRQWUiULR GR REVHUYDGR QRV SDtVHVGR3ULPHLUR0XQGRRQGHDIHFXQGLGDGHpPDLVWDUGLDHDFRPSDQKDGDGHPHOKRU QtYHOHGXFDFLRQDOHPDLRUSDUWLFLSDomRQRPHUFDGRGHWUDEDOKR2SDGUmRGHIHFXQGLGDGH GDV PXOKHUHV EUDVLOHLUDV WHQGHUi SURYDYHOPHQWH QDV SUy[LPDV GpFDGDV D VH DSUR[LPDU GR TXH VH REVHUYD QR 3ULPHLUR 0XQGR LVWR p GHYH SDVVDU GH XP SDGUmR SUHFRFH SDUD XPSDGUmRWDUGLR3URYDYHOPHQWHKDYHUiR TXH VH GHQRPLQDHP GHPRJUD¿D XP ³efeito tempo´TXHOHYDUijSRVWHUJDomRGRLQtFLRGDUHSURGXomR1HVVDSHUVSHFWLYD:RQJHWDO OHPEUDPTXHKDYHUiVHJXUDPHQWHDXPHQWRGRQ~PHURDEVROXWRHGDSURSRUomRGH 166 DEMOGRAFIA JUDYLGH]HVGHDOWRULVFRHSRUFRQVHJXLQWHQRYDVGHPDQGDVDVHUHPDWHQGLGDV(PWHUPRV GHVHUYLoRVGHVD~GHGHYHULDKDYHUXPDMXVWHQDRIHUWDGHDVVLVWrQFLDjJUDYLGH]HDRSDUWR TXHSHUPLWDPHOKRUDUVXDTXDOLGDGHXPDYH]TXHVXDFREHUWXUDMipSUDWLFDPHQWHXQLYHUVDO 7DODMXVWHLPSOLFDDXPHQWDUHPTXDQWLGDGHHTXDOLGDGHDRIHUWDGHDVVLVWrQFLDLQWHJUDODR SODQHMDPHQWRIDPLOLDULQFOXLQGRVDWLVIDomRGDGHPDQGDSRUUHSURGXomRDVVLVWLGD1RTXH VHUHIHUHjVPXOKHUHVTXHMiVDtUDPGRSHUtRGRUHSURGXWLYRHPUD]mRGRHQYHOKHFLPHQWR SRSXODFLRQDO VXDV GHPDQGDV WHQGHUmR D DXPHQWDU HP WHUPRV UHODWLYRV H DEVROXWRV A expansão dos serviços para as mulheres mais velhas coloca novas demandas para os SURYHGRUHV GH VD~GH UHSURGXWLYD JHUDOPHQWH VHP SUHSDUR SDUD OLGDU FRP RV SUREOHPDV ItVLFRVSVLFROyJLFRVHVRFLDLVGRHQYHOKHFLPHQWR d) A população idosa O tamanho e, principalmente, o peso relativo da população de 65 anos e mais, como Mi YLVWR DXPHQWDUi FRQWLQXDPHQWH GXUDQWH R 3(3 UHSUHVHQWDQGR GD SRSXODomR WRWDOHPXPDSURSRUomRPDLVDOWDTXHDTXHODHQFRQWUDGDKRMHHPTXDOTXHUSDtV HXURSHX17$VVLPHPR%UDVLOGHIURQWDUVHiFRPDGLItFLOVLWXDomRGHDWHQGHUXPD VRFLHGDGHPDLVHQYHOKHFLGDGRTXHDGD(XURSDDWXDOTXHDSHVDUGHWHUYLYHQFLDGRXP 3(3PXLWRPDLVOHQWRHFRQFRPLWDQWHFRPRGHVHQYROYLPHQWRVRFLDOHHFRQ{PLFRQmRp FDSD]DLQGDGHVHFRQYHUWHUHPXPDVRFLHGDGHSDUDWRGDVDVLGDGHV2GHVD¿RpVDEHUVH HPXPFXUWRSHUtRGRGHWHPSRR%UDVLO±QRWDYHOPHQWHLQMXVWRHPWHUPRVGHGLVWULEXLomR GHUHQGDHVHUYLoRVVRFLDLV±VHUiFDSD]GHHQIUHQWDUFRPr[LWRHVVHGHVD¿R%HKUPHQHW DOPRVWUDPTXHDVGHVLJXDOGDGHVWHQGHPDFUHVFHUTXDQGRDXPHQWDDSDUWLFLSDomR GD SRSXODomR GH JUXSRV HWiULRV PDLV YHOKRV R TXH VHULD R FDVR GH$PpULFD /DWLQD 1D IRUPXODomRGHSROtWLFDVSDUDHQIUHQWDUHVVHVGHVD¿RVR3(3GHYHULDQmRDSHQDVVHUOHYDGR HPFRQWDPDVDFLPDGHWXGRGHOHWLUDUSURYHLWRHQTXDQWRVHHQFRQWUDQDIDVHLQLFLDO +LVWRULFDPHQWHQR%UDVLORV¿OKRVWLYHUDPHDLQGDWHPXPSDSHOSUHSRQGHUDQWH QRDSRLRDRVLGRVRVVHMDDIHWLYRVHMD¿QDQFHLUR$SRSXODomRLGRVDGR3DtVVHFRQVWLWXLUi HPSURSRUo}HVFUHVFHQWHVGDSRSXODomRWRWDOH[DWDPHQWHSRUWHUWLGRXPQ~PHURFDGDYH] PHQRUGH¿OKRV,VWRVLJQL¿FDTXHDVRFLHGDGHQmRPDLVSRGHUiFRQWDUFRPRDQWHVFRPR VXSRUWHGRV¿OKRVSDUDJDUDQWLUDRVLGRVRVERDVFRQGLo}HVGHYLGDWDQWRPDWHULDOTXDQWR HPRFLRQDO (VWH QRYR FHQiULR H[LJLUi DFUpVFLPR VLJQL¿FDWLYR GRV UHFXUVRV GHVWLQDGRV j população 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FRQWULEXLQGR PHVPR TXH LQGLUHWDPHQWH SDUD D VXSHUDomRGDGHVLJXDOGDGHVRFLDO x 3UHYHUHPWRGRVRVHGLWDLVQmRWHPiWLFRVGHIRPHQWRGRGHVHQYROYLPHQWRWHFQROyJLFR QRV 33*V SRU H[HPSOR HGLWDLV GR 313' R DSRLR D SURMHWRV YROWDGRV j JHUDomR GH 7'6 x $SRLDU HP SDUWLFXODU SURMHWRV D VHUHP GHVHQYROYLGRV SHORV JUXSRV GH SHVTXLVD MXQWR DR VHWRU S~EOLFR RUJDQL]Do}HV QmR JRYHUQDPHQWDLV H LQVWLWXLo}HV GHGLFDGDV DR HQIUHQWDPHQWRGHSUREOHPDVVRFLDLV 1 Não se está ignorando, aqui, a proposição veiculada na literatura sobre tecnologias sociais (e.g., DAGNINO, BRANDÃO & NOVAES, 2004; LASSANCE & PEDREIRA, HQDVKXPDQLGDGHVHJKASTRUP, 2010; PASSOSVREUHDFRQVWUXomRGDVWHFQRlogias em conjunto com as populações envolvidas, mas destacando que esse processo não dispensa um domínio científico que é anterior à interação com essas populações, que diferencia esse empreendimento de outras iniciativas possivelmente relevantes, mas dissociadas das conquistas científicas. Isto é, a produção de TDS pode requerer “a participação coletiva tanto no processo de seu desenvolvimento quanto de sua implementação” (KASTRUPSVXSHUDQGRRDIDVWDPHQWRHQWUHVXMHLWRHREMHWR do conhecimento, mas só se realiza de fato quando se tem domínio de um conhecimento científico anterior, não necessariamente produzido nesse ambiente. 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Pró-Reitor de Pesquisa da UFMG, presidiu o Fórum Nacional dos Pró-Reitores de Pq e PG. Presidiu o CNPq - Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico, o CETEC - Centro Tecnológico de Minas Gerais e o CGEECentro de Gestão e Estudos Estratégicos. Foi Diretor da ABDI- Agência Brasileira de Desenvolvimento Industrial. Professor Emérito da UFMG, é Diretor da Academia Brasileira de Ciências e Assessor do CGEE. 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Aeroespacial, Eng. Biomédica, Eng. Civil, Eng. de Materiais e Metalúrgica, Eng. de Minas, Eng. de Produção, Eng. de Transportes, Eng.Elétrica, Eng. Mecânica, Eng. Naval e Oceânica, Eng. Nuclear, Eng.Química, Eng. Sanitária 323 Ciências Biológicas e da Saúde Biofísica, Biologia Geral, Bioquímica, Botânica, Ecologia, Farmacologia, Fisiologia, Genética, Imunologia, Microbiologia, Morfologia, Parasitologia, Zoologia, Educação Física, Enfermagem, Farmácia, Fisioterapia e Terapia Ocupacional, Fonoaudiologia, Medicina, Nutrição, Odontologia, Saúde Coletiva 221 Ciências Agrárias Agronomia, Ciência e Tecnologia de Alimentos, Engenharia Agrícola, Medicina Veterinária, Recursos Florestais e Engenharia Florestal, Recursos Pesqueiros e Engenharia de Pesca, Zootecnia. 200 Ciências Exatas e da Terra Ciência da Computação, Física, Geociências, Matemática, Oceanografia, Probabilidade e Estatística, Química 158 207 DESENVOLVIMENTO TECNOLÓGICO E INOVAÇÃO Grande Área do Conhecimento Área do Conhecimento Número de Grupos Humanidades Antropologia, Arqueologia, Ciência Política, Educação, Filosofia, Geografia, História, Psicologia, Sociologia, Teologia, Administração, Arquitetura e Urbanismo, Ciência da Informação, Comunicação, Desenho Industrial, Direito, Economia, Planejamento Urbano e Regional, Serviço Social, Turismo, Artes, Letras, Lingüística Total 103 1005 (PERUD VH WUDWH GH XPD DPRVWUDJHP HOD Mi p VX¿FLHQWHPHQWH ULFD H DEUDQJHQWH SDUDVLQDOL]DUXPDSUHVHQoDVLJQL¿FDWLYDGDDFDGHPLDMXQWRDRHPSUHHQGLPHQWRLQGXVWULDO QR %UDVLO 'HYHVH OHPEUDU TXH R Q~PHUR GH JUXSRV GH SHVTXLVD TXH UHJLVWUDP FRRSHUDomR FRP HPSUHVDV UHSUHVHQWD XP SDWDPDU PtQLPR XPD YH] TXH R UHJLVWUR p YROXQWiULRpUD]RiYHOVXSRUTXHKDMDDLQGDRXWURVJUXSRVHPVLWXDomRHTXLYDOHQWH $OJXPDVFDUDFWHUtVWLFDVHQFRQWUDGDVPHUHFHPGHVWDTXH0HVPRVHDFRQFHQWUDomR p PDLRU QDV UHJL}HV VXOVXGHVWH D GLVSHUVmR GRV JUXSRV SHOR WHUULWyULR HVWDGRV H R ')pQRWiYHO&RPRpWDPEpPUHOHYDQWHRIDWRGHVHFRQ¿UPDUQHVVHXQLYHUVRDTXLOR TXHWHPVLGRHQFRQWUDGRHPWRGRVRVHVWXGRVGHFDVRRVJUXSRVLQWHUDWLYRVWHQGHPDWHU SHVTXLVDGRUHVPDLVTXDOL¿FDGRVSXEOLFDPPDLVDUWLJRVHRULHQWDPPDLVWHVHVHGLVVHUWDo}HV FRPSDUDWLYDPHQWHDRVJUXSRVTXHQmRLQWHUDJHP 7DEHOD&DUDFWHUtVWLFDVGRVJUXSRVGHSHVTXLVDLQWHUDWLYRVHQmRLQWHUDWLYRVVHJXQGR DVJUDQGHViUHDVGRFRQKHFLPHQWR Média por grupos Grandes áreas do conhecimento Grupos interativos Grupos não interativos PhD Artigos Teses Dissertações PhD Artigos Teses Dissertações Engenharias 5,9 36,2 5,2 18,0 5,9 30,6 4,2 14,3 Ciências Agrárias 8,4 105,4 11,3 24,7 7,2 87,2 8,3 18,5 Ciências Biológicas e da Saúde 6,6 85,9 6,6 15,9 5,7 62,6 4,5 10,8 Ciências Exatas e da Terra 6,3 55,4 4,9 14,8 4,9 43,2 3,2 8,8 Humanidades 5,5 29,5 2,5 5,2 4,10 22,5 2,1 9,98 Fonte: Diretório dos Grupos de Pesquisa do CNPq. Censo de 2006. O trabalho de Rapini et alPRVWUDDLQGDFRPRpYDULDGRROHTXHGHPRWLYDo}HVHR FRQMXQWRGHUHVXOWDGRVGRVSURFHVVRVGHFRRSHUDomR 208 DESENVOLVIMENTO TECNOLÓGICO E INOVAÇÃO 7DEHOD5HVXOWDGRVGDVLQWHUDo}HVFRPHPSUHVDVSRUiUHDGRFRQKHFLPHQWR%UDVLO 2008. Engenharias Ciências Agrárias Ciências Biológicas e da Saúde Ciências Exatas e da Terra Humanidades Total Ranking (1) Novas descobertas científicas 59,8 65,5 64,3 63,9 36,9 60,2 6 Novos projetos de pesquisa 88,2 89,5 79,2 82,3 76,7 84,5 3 Novos produtos e artefatos 72,4 56,0 49,8 56,3 40,8 58,8 4 Novos processos industriais 64,7 46,5 34,4 42,4 18,4 46,3 8 Melhoria de produtos industriais 68,7 43,5 33,9 38,6 23,3 46,8 10 Melhoria de processos industriais 74,0 45,0 32,1 45,6 26,2 49,8 7 Formação de recursos humanos e estudantes 88,2 84,0 73,8 84,2 78,6 82,7 1 Teses e dissertações 87,0 83,5 75,1 83,5 74,8 82 2 Publicações 82,7 81,0 77,8 77,8 79,6 80,3 5 Patentes Software 43,3 26,0 20,8 43,7 24,3 33,1 12 Design 26,0 12,0 13,6 18,4 24,3 19,2 13 Criação de novas empresas (spinRIIV 32,5 20,5 15,4 28,5 18,4 24,3 11 Resultados Fonte: Brasil Survey, 2008. 1RWD*UXSRVTXHUHVSRQGHUDPPRGHUDGDPHQWHRXPtQLPRLPSRUWDQWH 5HVXOWDGRPDLVLPSRUWDQWHFODVVLILFDGRSHOROtGHUGRJUXSRGHSHVTXLVD (VVHV HOHPHQWRV VXJHUHP 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FHUWDVUHJL}HVJHRJUi¿FDVHHPFXUVRVFRPSHU¿OPDLVDFDGrPLFR3RURXWURODGRHQTXDQWR RVSURIHVVRUHVHDOXQRVGHPHVWUDGRVHGRXWRUDGRVWrPXPDVpULHGHLQFHQWLYRVPDWHULDLVH de statusRVTXHVHGHGLFDPVRPHQWHDRHQVLQRGHJUDGXDomRWrPTXHVHFRQWHQWDUDSHQDV FRPVHXVVDOiULRVRTXHFULDGHVHTXLOtEULRVLPSRUWDQWHVQRVLVWHPDGHLQFHQWLYRV )LQDOPHQWH REVHUYDVH QR &13T XPD GLPLQXLomR QD FRQFHVVmR GH EROVDV SDUD GRXWRUDGRVSOHQRVQRH[WHULRUHQD&$3(6XPFUHVFLPHQWROHQWR(VVDVEROVDVYHPVHQGR JUDGDWLYDPHQWH VXEVWLWXtGDV SRU SURJUDPDV GH SyVGRXWRUDGR H GRXWRUDGR VDQGXtFKH $FUHGLWDVH TXH SDUD PXLWDV iUHDV RV GRXWRUDGRV EUDVLOHLURV VmR GH ERD TXDOLGDGH SULYLOHJLDQGRRXWUDVIRUPDVGHFRQWDWRFRPRH[WHULRU(VWHHQWHQGLPHQWRFRQWUDVWDFRPR GHSDtVHVQRPHVPRHVWiJLRGHGHVHQYROYLPHQWRFRPRDËQGLD&KLQDH&RUpLDGR6XOTXH PDQWpPFRQWLQJHQWHVGHDOXQRVQRH[WHULRUPXLWRPDLVHOHYDGRVGRTXHR%UDVLO O Volume de recursos (P DUWLJR SXEOLFDGR HP HVWLPDPRV TXH RV JDVWRV S~EOLFRV FRP D SyV JUDGXDomR H D SHVTXLVD VLWXDYDPVH HP PLOK}HV GH GyODUHV QR LQtFLR GHVWD GpFDGD H[HFXWDGRVEDVLFDPHQWHSHOR0&7&$3(6H&13T$HVVHPRQWDQWHGHYHPVHDGLFLRQDU RV JDVWRV GDV )XQGDo}HV GH$PSDUR j 3HVTXLVD D QtYHO HVWDGXDO (PERUD QHP WRGDV DV GHVSHVDVGHVWDVDJrQFLDVVHGHVWLQHPDRHQVLQRGHSyVJUDGXDomRWDLVFRPREROVDVHRXWURV WLSRV GH IRPHQWR RV UHFXUVRV SDUD SHVTXLVD DFDEDP SRU EHQH¿FLDU SURIHVVRUHV H DOXQRV GHSyVJUDGXDomRVHFRQVLGHUDUPRVTXHDPDLRUSDUWHGDVSHVTXLVDVVHID]QRkPELWRGDV 8QLYHUVLGDGHV2VGDGRVPDLVUHFHQWHVVmRRVVHJXLQWHV )XQGRV6HWRULDLVJHULGRVSHOD),1(3([HFXomR2UoDPHQWiULDHP5 2V IXQGRV VHWRULDLV VRIUHUDP XP IRUWH FRQWLQJHQFLDPHQWR QR LQtFLR GHVWD GpFDGD PDV IRUDP FUHVFHQGR JUDGDWLYDPHQWH 2V GRLV PDLRUHV IXQGRV GH LQIUDHVWUXWXUD H R YHUGH DPDUHOR 8QLYHUVLGDGH ± (PSUHVD FRP JDVWRV GH PLOK}HV GH UHDLV VmR DSOLFDGRV SUHGRPLQDQWHPHQWHQDV8QLYHUVLGDGHV 297 FINANCIAMENTO 7DEHOD FNDCT - Acompanhamento Orçamentário e Financeiro - 2007 Resumo por Ações Fundos Setoriais / Grupos de Ações Discriminação Orçamento Aprovado Lei nº 11.451 07/02/2004 Posição em: 31/12/2007 Valores em R$ Mil Execução Orçamentária Execução Funanceira - Pagamentos do exercício Restos de 2004/2005 Total CT-Biotec 33.240,1 24.621,1 19.653,7 8.689,1 28.342,8 &7$PD]{QLD 14.359,3 11,727,8 10.936,2 2.607,5 13.543,7 - - - 2,2 2,2 CT-Agro 58.997,3 39.873,0 33.771,5 11.712,2 45.483,7 CT-Hidro 50.056,0 49.424,5 36.781,1 22.675,9 59.757,0 CT-Aero 25.700,4 23.569,4 23.777,7 5.741,9 29.519,6 CT-Saúde 67.568,7 59.217,1 54.655,7 21.062,6 75.718,3 CT-Petro 141.130,7 120,323,6 116,070,8 56,954,0 178.024,8 CT-Infra 340.999,0 220.387,1 195.928,4 53.846,8 259.775,2 &79HUGH$PDUHOR)9$ 258.168,3 232.059,2 227.588,7 82.139,1 309.727,8 66.029,3 51.185,5 47.123,8 36.503,3 83.627,1 8.860,1 6.754,4 5.410,5 2.672,1 8.082,7 458,0 39,2 39,2 - 39,2 CT-Transportes Aquaviários 22.423,9 13.461,4 11.773,4 5.912,4 17.685,8 CT-Info 38.558,5 31.474,7 27.663,4 6.937,6 34.601,0 416.789,4 155.657,5 81.664,1 - 81.664,1 1.543.334,1 1.039.725,4 892.838,3 327.756,8 1.220.595,1 CT-Espacial CT-Energ CT-Mineral CT-Transportes Subvenção-Lei da Inovação (nº GH Total Outros Recursos Administrados pelo FNDCT Demais Ações 43.086,0 34.262,8 33.101,6 12.092,5 45.194,1 Financiamentos de Projetos (UO 38.000,0 38.000,00 38.000,00 - 38.000,00 - - - 780,4 780,4 Emendas Parlamentares Créditos Rec. de Outros Órgãos Total Total Geral do FNDCT 3.805,1 1.401,4 1.222,6 84.891,1 73.664,2 72.324,2 12.872,9 85.197,2 1.628.225,2 1.113.389,6 965.162,5 340.629,7 1.305.792,2 &UpGLWRV(PSUHQKDGRV/LTXLGDGRV1(H&UpGLWRV&RQFHGLGRV1& OBS.: Estão incluídos nos desembolsos realizados, os Eventos com os respectivos valores ===> NE NC Fonte de dados: SIAFI/Finep-DORC 250 - 150 Fonte: FINEP 298 FINANCIAMENTO &$3(62UoDPHQWR([HFXWDGRHPPLOVHQGRPLOHP EROVDVGHYiULRVWLSRV1DPpGLDGRWULrQLRRVJDVWRVFRPEROVDVIRUDPGH PLOGHPRQVWUDQGRRFUHVFLPHQWRGHVWHLWHPGDGHVSHVD 7DEHOD 2007 2008 2009 AÇÃO Dotação Execução Dotação Execução BOLSAS DE ESTUDO 659.202.722,00 646.732.226,97 872.224.111,00 878.838.315,99 1.343.855.772,00 1.157.614.625,20 País 477.478.949,00 476.595.481,1 Exterior 126.911.072,00 115.324.933,59 569.316.507,00 567.268.363,86 789.667.384,00 742.266.307,57 71.911.000,00 88.137.348,65 82.697.650,00 Polícia Industrial 43.333.857,00 82.697.650,00 43.333,857,00 42.754.817,00 42.754.817,00 61.998,328,00 61.919.716,36 Novas Fronteiras 10.061.844,00 10.060.955,25 15.061.844,00 15.061.844,11 26.033.767,00 22.411.607,10 1.417.000,00 1.416.999,99 46.176.000,00 52.029.903,62 56.102.400,00 56.100.301,17 Coop. Intern. para Educação Básica 0,00 0,00 0,00 0,00 1.000.000,00 0,00 Plano Nacional de Pós-Doutorado 0,00 0,00 11.400.000,00 11.368.500,00 36.761.300,00 36.753.800,00 Iniciação à Docência/PIBID 0,00 0,00 600.000,00 0,00 76.756.200,00 14.352.100,00 Educação Básica 8$% 0,00 0,00 115.003.943,00 102.217.538,86 212.838.743,00 141.113.143,00 Cooperação Internacional.. Dotação Execução FOMENTO 40.501.253,00 40.491.150,90 258.712.219,00 224.683.105,94 362.320.271,00 291.105.670,86 Fomento à PósGraduação 40.501.253,00 40.491.150,90 102.776.230,00 89.090.901,95 116.714.542,00 106.752.468,83 Fomento UAB 0,00 0,00 155.935.989,00 135.592.203,99 230.051.529,00 184.353.202,03 Fomento Educação Básica 0,00 0,00 0,00 0,00 15.554.200,00 0,00 PORTAL DE PERIÓDICOS 87.005.550,61 87.005.550,61 75.512.935,00 100.921.151,91 123.639.875,00 118.356.722,00 AVALIAÇÃO 10.125.965,00 5.691.270,81 10.125.966,00 6.986.199,12 12.657.457,00 12.653.364,00 ADMINISTRAÇÃO DA UNIDADE 17.041.674,00 15.574.520,71 32.574.782,00 24.561.611,05 34.974.964,00 33.523.961,42 ADMINISTRAÇÃO DE PESSOAL 18.064.380,00 17.840.122,30 26.398.804,00 24.692.008,29 49.077.735,00 46.347.066,56 OUTRAS TOTAL % execução Fonte: CAPES 1.537.629,00 1.537.629,00 0,00 0,00 1.400.000,00 0,00 833.479.173,61 814.872.471,27 1.275.548.817,00 1.260.682.392,30 1.927.926.074,00 1.659.601.410,04 97,77% 98,83% 86,08% 299 FINANCIAMENTO &13T HP DV GHVSHVDV H[HFXWDGDV IRUDP GH UHDLV VHP FRQVLGHUDU RV UHSDVVHVGHRXWUDVDJrQFLDVHIHWXDGDVSHOR&13T$VEROVDVGHHVWXGRVQR%UDVLOFXVWDUDP HPWRUQRGHPLOK}HVHQR~OWLPRDQRFHUFDGHPLOK}HVTXDVHRGREUR&RP EROVDVQRH[WHULRURPRYLPHQWRIRLLQYHUVR(PJDVWRXVHFRPWRGRVRVWLSRVGHEROVD QRH[WHULRUDLPSRUWkQFLDGHPLOK}HVHHPUHGX]LXVHDPLOK}HV 7DEHOD CNPq - Total dos investimentos realizados em bolsas e no fomento à pesquisa - 1996-2009 Investimentos em R$ mil correntes Ano Bolsas no SDtV Bolsas no exterior Subtotal Bolsas Fomento à SHVTXLVD Participação % Total Total Var.% Bolsas Fomento à pesquisa 1996 431.631 41.944 473.575 61.015 534.590 - 89 11 1997 411.825 29.839 441.664 71.451 513.115 -4 86 14 1998 354.523 26.784 381.307 44.583 425.890 -17 90 10 1999 337.747 26.849 364.596 76.457 441.053 4 83 17 2000 353.831 24.406 378.237 115.797 494.034 12 77 23 2001 367.399 43.176 410.575 170.645 581.221 18 71 29 2002 377.944 55.674 433.618 165.055 598.673 3 72 28 2003 429.657 40.275 469.932 181.258 651.190 9 72 28 2004 535.360 37.352 572.712 221.485 794.197 22 72 28 2005 576.255 30.471 606.727 242.543 849.270 7 71 29 2006 645.902 25.285 671.186 232.229 903.415 6 74 26 2007 682.551 31.609 714.159 477.379 1.191.538 32 60 40 2008 747.730 32.290 780.020 423.554 1.203.575 1 65 35 2009 845.994 32.778 878.773 427.555 1.306.328 9 67 33 Fonte: &13T$(,7RWDOB,QYHVWBB Notas: Inclui recursos dos fundos setoriais a partir de 2000; 2VUHFXUVRVUHIHUHQWHVjVEROVDVGHFXUWDGXUDomRIOX[RFRQWtQXRIRUDPFRQVLGHUDGRVQRIRPHQWRjSHVTXLVD Não inclui os recursos do Programa de Interiorização do Trabalho em Saúde (convênio com o Ministério da Saúde vigente GHD ,QFOXLUHFXUVRVUHIHUHQWHVjVEROVDVGRVSURJUDPDVGHFDSDFLWDomRLQVWLWXFLRQDOGR0&73&,HGR&13THUHFXUVRVUHIHUHQWHV às ações de gestão, acompanhamento e avaliação; ,QFOXL UHFXUVRV UHIHUHQWHV jV Do}HV GH JHVWmR DFRPSDQKDPHQWR H DYDOLDomR H D FRQFHVV}HV LQVWLWXFLRQDLV SRU PHLR GH convênios. 300 FINANCIAMENTO )$3V As mais importantes em termos de volume de recursos são a FAPESP, FAPERJ )$3(0,* )$3(6% H )$3(5*6 TXH VRPDGDV WLYHUDP XPD GRWDomR RUoDPHQWiULD GH ELOKmRUHDLVHPDQRVUHFHQWHV$HODVGHYHPVHUDFUHVFHQWDGDVRXWUDV)XQGDo}HVGH PHQRU SRUWH H[LVWHQWHV HP YiULRV HVWDGRV 2 ERP UHVXOWDGR GRV ~OWLPRV DQRV GHYHVH j UHFXSHUDomRGD)$3(5-HGD)$3(0,*TXHSDVVDUDPDUHFHEHULQWHJUDOPHQWHRVUHFXUVRV GHYLGRVFRPRSUHYLVWRQD&RQVWLWXLomRGRVUHVSHFWLYRVHVWDGRV$RWRGRVHPFRQWDUFRP D)$3(5*6IRUDPFRQFHGLGDVEROVDVQ~PHURTXHGHYHVHUXPSRXFRDXPHQWDGR FRQVLGHUDQGRRUHVWDQWHGDV)XQGDo}HV 7DEHOD Dados orçamentários FAPs - 2008 FAP Orçamento total FAPs - Em R$ Gastos em bolsas - Em R$² Percentual equivalente² FAPEMIG 227.757.318,00 18.419.530,00 8,10% FAPERJ 251.910.000,00 12.132.000,00 4,82% FAPESP 769.336.406,00 163.339.549,00 21,23% FAPERGS¹ 25.000.000,00 SI SI FAPESB 55.486.767,00 8.024.734,00 14,46% R$ 1.329.490.491,00 R$ 201.915.813,00 48,61% Total Fonte: FAPEMIG, FAPERJ, FAPESP, FAPERGS e FAPESB ¹ Valor referente à dotação orçamentária de 2010. O site da FAPERGS informa que houve um aumento de 150% no valor da dotação orçamentária de 2010, comparativamente ao ano de 2009, passando de 10 para 25 milhões. Não há informações, entretanto, a UHVSHLWRGRVYDORUHVDSOLFDGRVVRPHQWHHPEROVDVGHSyVJUDGXDomR6, ² Não foram contabilizados os gastos da FAPERGS com bolsas de pós-graduação, já que essa informação não foi publicada no site. FINANCIAMENTO 301 7DEHOD Investimentos e bolsas de Pós-graduação - 2007/2009 CNPq Nº de bolsas CNPq Investimentos em reais Brasil 19.684,4 843.894.469,00 47.153,0 742.266.307,57 Mestrado 10.128,9 148.571.695,00 27.192,0 Doutorado Pleno 8.481,4 225.362.924,00 Doutorado Sanduíche 4,6 110.323,00 Pós-doutorado Exterior Mestrado FAPs Investimentos em reais³ Total de bolsas Total de Investimentos em reais 5.274,8 201.915.813,00 72.112,2 1.788.076.590,00 SI SI SI SI SI 17.873,0 SI SI SI SI SI NA SI SI SI SI SI CAPES Nº de bolsas CAPES Investimentos em reais FAPs Nº de bolsas 1.069,5 36.160.162,00 2.088,0 SI SI SI SI SI 578,8 32.778.472,00 3.205,0 82.697.650,00 SI SI SI SI NA NA 17,0 SI SI SI SI SI Doutorado Pleno 123,1 6.123.617,00 660,0 SI SI SI SI SI Doutorado Sanduíche 228,4 10.256.012,00 1.682,0 SI SI SI SI SI Pós-doutorado Total 220,8 15.937.369,00 846,0 SI SI SI SI SI 20.263,2 876.672.941,00 50.358,0 824.963.957,57 5.274,8 201.915.813,00 75.896,0 1.903.552.711,57 Fontes: CAPES, CNPq, FAPESP, FAPEMIG, FAPERJ, FAPESB. OBSERVAÇÕES: ¹ Dados CNPq e CAPES: relativos ao ano de 2009. ² Legenda: SI - Sem informação; NA - Não se aplica. ³ Dados obtidos com base em informações publicadas nos sites da FAPESP, FAPEMIG, FAPERJ E FAPESB, relativas aos anos de 2007 ou 2008. Anota-se que a FAPERJ publicou apenas dados parciais, versando unicamente sobre a quantidade de bolsas de pósgraduação concedidas no ano de 2008. Desta feita, para que fosse possível obter estimativas quanto ao valor total de investimentos realizados pelas fundações supracitadas, tomou-se por base, em face do número de bolsas concedidas pela FAPERJ, o valor médio de 1.500 reais de mensalidade x 12 meses, que totalizam R$ 18.000,00 anuais por bolsa de pós-graduação (674 bolsas x R$ 5$FUHVFHQWDVHTXHRVUHODWyULRVGDV)$3VDSUHVHQWDPHPVXDPDLRULDRQ~PHURWRWDOGHEROVDVGH estudos e seu equivalente em valores investidos, não fazendo distinção entre bolsas concedidas para cursos de pós-graduação no país ou no exterior, razão pela qual todos os valores encontram-se somandos em investimentos realizados no Brasil. $RFDOFXODUPRVRVJDVWRVGRV)XQGRV6HWRULDLVGR&13TGD&$3(6HGDV)$3V PDLV LPSRUWDQWHV HP GyODUHV DWXDLV 8 56 HQFRQWUDUHPRV R YDORU GH ELOK}HVGHGyODUHV(PERUDWHQKDPRVXWLOL]DGRXPGyODUGHIDVDGRTXHWRUQDHVVDHVWLPDWLYD VXSHUYDORUL]DGDDGLIHUHQoDSDUDRLQtFLRGDGpFDGDDSRQWDXPFUHVFLPHQWRH[SUHVVLYR TXHVXUJLXGDPDLRUOLEHUDomRGHUHFXUVRVSDUDRV)XQGRV6HWRULDLVHRJUDQGHFUHVFLPHQWR GRVUHFXUVRVSDUDD&$3(6HHPPHQRUJUDXGDUHFRQVWLWXLomRRUoDPHQWiULDGD)$3(5-H GD)$3(0,* 2XWUDLPSRUWDQWHIRQWHGHUHFXUVRVSDUDDSHVTXLVDHDSyVJUDGXDomRpRSDJDPHQWR D SURIHVVRUHV DOWDPHQWH WLWXODGRV GDV ,)(6 H GH DOJXPDV LPSRUWDQWHV XQLYHUVLGDGHV HVWDGXDLVSDUDSHUPDQHFHUHPQRUHJLPHGHGHGLFDomRH[FOXVLYD(VVHVSURIHVVRUHVTXH 302 FINANCIAMENTO FRUUHVSRQGHPDFHUFDGHGRWRWDOGHGRFHQWHVGHYHPFXPSULUVXDVREULJDo}HVFRP DJUDGXDomRHFRPWDUHIDVDGPLQLVWUDWLYDVHPGHVHXWHPSRHRVUHVWDQWHVHP DWLYLGDGHVGHSHVTXLVDHHQVLQRGHSyVJUDGXDomR1mRH[LVWHXPDOHLRXTXDOTXHURXWUR WLSRGHUHJXODPHQWRQHVVHVHQWLGRPDVpFRPXPWUDEDOKDUVHFRPHVVHVSDUkPHWURV1DV ,)(6 SDUD VH WHU DOJXPD EDVH GH FRPSDUDomR WHPRV TXH RV JDVWRV FRP SHVVRDO DWLYR GDV,)(6SURIHVVRUHVHIXQFLRQiULRVFKHJDUDPDELOK}HVGHUHDLV1DV8QLYHUVLGDGHV HVWDGXDLVRTXDGURpKHWHURJrQHRVHQGRTXHQHPWRGDVSRVVXHPXPVLJQL¿FDWLYRQ~PHUR GHSURIHVVRUHVHPWHPSRLQWHJUDO &RQVLGHUDQGR DV YiULDV IRQWHV GH UHFXUVRV GRV )XQGRV 6HWRULDLV GR &13T GD &$3(6GR0&7GDV)$3VHGR0(&SRGHVHGL]HUTXHHVWiKDYHQGRXPSURJUHVVLYR FUHVFLPHQWRGRVUHFXUVRV¿QDQFHLURVHTXHRFXVWRSRUDOXQRGDSyVJUDGXDomRTXHFRQWD FRPFHUFDGHPLOHVWXGDQWHVGHYHH[FHGHUHPPXLWRRFXVWRSRUDOXQRGHJUDGXDomR1R entanto, uma estimativa mais correta deve ser procurada, incluindo-se o custo da dedicação H[FOXVLYDHPXQLYHUVLGDGHVS~EOLFDVHGHGX]LQGRVHDVDSOLFDo}HVGR&13T),1(3H)$3V QRVHWRUHPSUHVDULDOS~EOLFRHSULYDGR 2XWUDHYLGrQFLDGRFUHVFLPHQWRGRVJDVWRVSDUD&7pDFUHVFHQWHSDUWLFLSDomRGR VHWRUSXEOLFRQRGLVSrQGLRQDFLRQDOHP&7FXMRVYDORUHVHPHIRUDPRVPDLV HOHYDGRVGDGpFDGDGH 7DEHOD 2.1.1 Brasil: Dispêndio nacional em ciência e tecnologia IC&T)(1), 2000-2008 Dispêncios em C&T 9DORUHVFRUUHQWHVHPPLOK}HVGH5 PIB (Valores Ano correntes em milhões GH5 Públicos Federais EstaGXDLV % em relação ao total % em relação ao PIB Empre-sairais Total Outras empresas estatais federais Empresas privadas e estatais Total Total Públicos Empresariais Públicos Empresariais Total 2000 1.179.482,0 5.795,4 2.854,3 8.649,7 1.183,2 5.455,6 6.638,8 15.288,5 56,58 43,42 0,73 0,56 1,30 2001 1.302.136,0 6.266,0 3.287,1 9.533,1 1.650,8 6.056,7 7.709,6 17.262,6 55,34 44,66 0,73 0,59 1,33 2002 1.477.822,0 6.522,1 3.473,3 9.998,4 2.593,1 6.688,7 9.281,8 19.277,2 51,85 48,15 0,68 0,63 1,30 2003 1.699.978,0 7.392,5 3.705,7 11.098,2 2.960,3 7.335,3 10.295,6 21.393,9 51,88 48,12 0,35 0,31 1,26 2004 1.941.498,0 8.688,2 3.900,5 12.588,6 3.510,2 7.941,3 11.451,3 24.040,2 52,36 47,64 0,65 0,59 1,24 2005 2.147.239,0 9.570,1 4.027,3 13.597,4 3.463,0 10.216,6 13.679,6 27.277,1 49,85 50,15 0,63 0,64 1,27 2006 2.369.797,0 11.476,6 4.282,1 15.758,6 3.076,0 11.548,6 14.624,6 30.383,2 51,87 48,13 0,66 0,62 1,28 2007 2.661,344,0 14.083,5 5.687,4 19.770,9 3.692,2 13.196,3 16.888,5 36.659,5 53,93 46,07 0,74 0,63 1,38 2008 3.004.881,1 16.003,8 7.138,0 23.112,5 5.110,7 14.940,1 20.050,8 43,090,0 53,64 46,36 0,77 0,66 1,43 Fonte: MCT FINANCIAMENTO 303 O Setor Privado 6mR RV SURJUDPDV GH SyVJUDGXDomR strictu sensu neste setor, representando GRWRWDOGHVHQGRPHVWUDGRVDFDGrPLFRVPHVWUDGRVHGRXWRUDGRV HPHVWUDGRVSUR¿VVLRQDLV2VSURJUDPDVFRQFHQWUDPVHQDVXDPDLRULDQDViUHDVGH FLrQFLDVVRFLDLVHDSOLFDGDV$GPLQLVWUDomR&LrQFLDV&RQWiEHLVH7XULVPR2GRQWRORJLD (GXFDomR 'LUHLWR )LORVR¿D7HRORJLD H 3ODQHMDPHQWR 8UEDQR H 5HJLRQDO $R WRGR VmR DOXQRVPDWULFXODGRVTXHUHSUHVHQWDPGRWRWDO 7DEHOD Distribuição de Programas de Pós-graduação no Brasil | Fitro Ano: 2009 Amostra: Todos Mestrado/ Doutorado Mestrado Profissional Percentual de programas segundo status jurídico da IES UF Mestrado Doutorado BRASIL 1.054 40 1.381 243 2.718 100,00% Federais 567 22 809 95 1.493 54,93% Estaduais 217 18 390 31 656 24,14% Municipais 16 0 1 4 21 0,77% 277 0 176 95 548 20,16% Privadas Total Fonte: CAPES 7DEHOD Matrículados em Cursos de Pós-graduação no Brasil segundo o Status Jurídico da IES - 2009 UF Mestrado Matrículas Mestrado Profissional Matrículas Doutorado Matrículas Total de Matrículas Correspondente Percentual Total BRASIL 93.016 57.917 10.135 161.068 100% Federais 49.643 31.164 3.711 84.518 53% Estaduais 24.121 20.331 1.560 46.012 29% 570 16 283 869 1% 17.567 5.733 4.417 27.717 17% Municipais Privadas Fonte: CAPES 304 FINANCIAMENTO 1D HODERUDomR GHVWH WUDEDOKR QmR HQFRQWUDPRV LQIRUPDo}HV GHVWDFDGDV DFHUFD GR PRQWDQWHDORFDGRQRVHWRUSULYDGR$&$3(6GHVWLQRXHPPLOK}HVSDUDR IRPHQWRjSyVJUDGXDomRS~EOLFDHSULYDGD&RQVLGHUDQGRTXHD&$3(6H[HFXWRX ELOK}HVSRXFRGHYHWHUUHVWDGRDRVHWRUSULYDGR2&13THIHWXRXGHVSHVDVGHPLOK}HV DPDLRUSDUWHGLULJLGDDR³,QVWLWXWRGR0LOrQLR´3521(;HSHVTXLVDIXQGDPHQWDOFRP SRXFDFKDQFHGHDORFDomRQRVHWRUSULYDGR $&$3(6SRVVXLGHVGH³23URJUDPDGH6XSRUWHj3yVJUDGXDomRGH,QVWLWXLo}HV GH(QVLQR3DUWLFXODUHV´352683TXH¿QDQFLDEROVDVGHPDQXWHQomRSDJDPHQWRGHWD[DV HVFRODUHVHDX[tOLRWHVHHPFXUVRVDYDOLDGRVFRPSHORPHQRVRFRQFHLWR1mRVHHQFRQWURX LQIRUPDo}HVVREUHRYDORUJDVWRQHVVH3URJUDPDPDVSRGHVHGL]HUTXHEHQH¿FLDPDLVRV DOXQRVGRTXHD,QVWLWXLomR2VHWRUSULYDGRFDUHFHIXQGDPHQWDOPHQWHGHSHVVRDOGRFHQWH GH DOWR QtYHO HP WHPSR LQWHJUDO 2FRUUH QR HQWDQWR TXH GL¿FLOPHQWH HVWHV SRGHP VHU 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O Estudo do Poder Nacional. Integração Nacional. Políticas Públicas 7 Desenvolvimento, Segurança e Defesa Nacionais Gestão Político-Estratégica. Mobilização Nacional Base Industrial e Tecnológica Gestão de Sistemas de Informação Gestão de Conhecimento Identidade Nacional Valores Cultura Modernidade e bem-comum 8 Estudos Interdisciplinares e Interculturais Especificidades e similaridades culturais e estruturais nos SURFHVVRVGHLQWHUDomRGR%UDVLOFRP3DtVHV$PD]{QLFRV Países Andinos; Países do Atlântico-Sul; Países Africanos; Ásia; Europa. Aspectos interculturais em missões de organismos LQWHUQDFLRQDLV21881$68/2($%UDVLOHLQWHUHVVHVQD Antártica. Brasil e Ásia. 9 *HRSROtWLFDH'LUHLWR*HRGLUHLWR )HQ{PHQRVGDMXGLFLDOL]DomRGDSROtWLFDGD constitucionalização da geopolítica e da globalização da economia. GEOPOLÍTICA E DEFESA Nr Áreas de Concentração 357 Linhas de Pesquisa Concepção/requisitos Desenvolvimento e operação 10 Satélites de comunicações Lançamento Rastreio e controle Algoritmos: elaboração e análise 11 Criptografia e Criptoanálise Implementações em hardware e software Técnicas 12 Guerra Cibernética Exploração e defesa de vulnerabilidades Modelos de continuidade de negócio 13 Infraestruturas críticas de telecomunicações Gestão de risco Vulnerabilidade estratégica Redes de comunicações 14 Gerenciamento de crises Sistemas de acompanhamento (notícias, inforamões, GLVWULEXLomRQRWHUUHQR Métodos e técnicas em telecomunicações Proteção de redes sem fio e de enlaces satelitais Identificação de emissores 15 *XHUUD(OHWU{QLFD 0HGLGDVGHSURWHomRHOHWU{QLFD Análise e desenvolvimento de sensores de rádio freqüência e infravermelhos Análise e predição de assinatura de alvos militares 7HFQRORJLDIRW{QLFDHPVLVWHPDVGHUiGLRIUHTrQFLD Interoperabilidade 16 Comando, Controle, Comunicações, Computação, Computação e Inteligência &,&RQMXQWR Implementações da arquitetura SOA (Service Oriented DUFKLWHFWXUH Modelos de intercâmbio de dados Controle de satélites geoestacionários 17 Operação de Sistemas Espaciais Distribuição e controle de bandas de freqüências Redes de inteligência 18 Operações Conjuntas de Informação Análise e tratamento da informação Emprego de técnicas de inteligência de imagem, de sinais e de comunicações 19 Modelagem, Simulação e Teoria de Jogos Modelagem simulação de operações cojuntas, desastres naturais e operação de hospitais de campanha 358 Nr GEOPOLÍTICA E DEFESA Áreas de Concentração Linhas de Pesquisa Desenvolvimento de modelos de simulação para avaliação da expansão da utilização de arquitetura SOA (Service Oriented $UFKLWHFWXUH Sistemas de simulação complexas e sua aplicabilidade em WHPDVGHGHIHVD-RJRVGH*XHUUD&RQMXQWDV 20 Planejamento Estratégico Planejamento estratégico do sistema militar de comando e controle Metodologia e gestão do planejamento estratégico para o emprego do poder Militar. Inteligência estratégica Inteligência e contrainteligência Sistemas e serviços de informação 21 Gestão da Informação Gestão de segurança da informação Planejamento estratégico Análise de riscos em planejamentos estratégicos Gestão de tecnologia da informação Gestão de sistemas integrados Sistemas corporativos de alto desempenho Master information techonology Desenvolvimento de arquitetura em .net Arquitetura em ti 22 Tecnologia da Informação Desenvolvimento de sistemas para web Tecnologias computacionais e suas aplicações Semiótica, tecnologia da informação e educação Gestão do conhecimento e da tecnologia da informação Tecnologias da inteligência e design digital Ciência da computação Processamento de imagens digitrais Geoprocessamento Comportamento espectral de alvos 23 Sensoriamento remoto Banco de dados geográficos Análise espacial Sensoriamento remoto hiperespectral Processamento de imagens SAR GEOPOLÍTICA E DEFESA Nr Áreas de Concentração 359 Linhas de Pesquisa Meteorologia ambiental Sensoriamento remoto da atmosfera 24 Meteorologia Estudo e modelagem do clima Estudo e modelagem do tempo 25 Comunicação e Marketing A gestão da comunicação no âmbito estratégico com vistas à consecução dos objetivos nacionais (emprego do poder PLOLWDU A importância do Direito Internacional como orientador ao planejamento da aplicação e emprego das FA 26 Direito O direito internacional dos conflitos armados e as missões de paz patrocinadas pela ONU $VRSHUDo}HVGHJDUDQWLDGDOHLHGDRUGHP*/2HR ordenador jurídico brasileiro O Direito do Mar e a guerra naval Integração dos sistemas logísticos das três Forças Integração dos modais logísticos em apoio a contingentes brasileiros em missões de paz 27 Logística Integrada Sistemas digitais de controle de qualidade, transporte e distribuição Levantamento de necessidade e sistemática de obtenção de material integrado 28 Mobilização Nacional Formulação de incentivos, estudos e pesquisas nas áreas de ciência, tecnologia e inovação para a indústria nacional, co foco nos produtos de interesse da mobilização nacional As tecnologias de comunicações entre os diferentes órgãos das forças armadas e sua capacidade para atuar em rede O poder de comunicação entre os diferentes órgãos das forças armadas e os veículos espaciais 29 Capacitações Cibernéticas O desenvolvimento da capacitação cibernética, nos campos industrial e militar, voltada para os assuntos estratégicos de defesa Análise de sistemas, identificação de vulnerabilidades e de medidas de proteção voltadas para a defesa 360 GEOPOLÍTICA E DEFESA Anexo B MINISTÉRIO DA DEFESA EXÉRCITO BRASILEIRO GABINETE DO COMANDANTE PROPOSTA PARA O PLANO NACIONAL DE PÓS-GRADUAÇÃO Ação Estratégica da Estratégia Nacional de Defesa: Ciência e Tecnologia Descrição: Fomentar a pesquisa de materiais, equipamentos e sistemas militares e civis que compatibilize as prioridades científico-tecnológicas com as necessidades de defesa. Nr Área de Concentração Linha de Pesquisa Interesse / Aplicação na Força Terrestre 1 Termociências Termofluidodinâmica Aplicação em: armamentos, munições, mísseis e foguetes, viaturas militares, aeronaves, VTNT e VANT. 2 Mecânica dos sólidos Projeto Mecânico Aplicação em: armamentos, munições, mísseis e foguetes, viaturas militares, aeronaves, VTNT e VANT. 3 Balística Balística interna, intermediária, externa e terminal Aplicação em: armamentos, munições, blindagens, mísseis e foguetes. 4 5 6 7 Sistemas de propulsão Sistemas de propulsão 0HFDWU{QLFD Dinâmica Sistemas não convencionais de propulsão (Ex: propulsão laser, propulsão eletromagnética, propulsão híbrida, propulsão elétrica, canhões com SURSHOHQWHVOtTXLGRVHJDVRVRVHWF Sistemas convencionais de propulsão (Ex: ramjet, scramjet, turbinas a gás, motor foguete com propelente sólido e líquido, canhões com propelente sólido, motores GHFRPEXVWmRLQWHUQDHWF Aplicação em: armamentos, munições, mísseis e foguetes. Aplicação em: armamentos, munições, mísseis e foguetes. 0HFDWU{QLFDPLOLWDU Aplicação em: armamentos, munições, mísseis e foguetes, viaturas militares, aeronaves, VTNT e VANT. Dinâmica veicular e de sistemas de armas Aplicação em: armamentos, munições, mísseis e foguetes, viaturas militares, aeronaves, VTNT e VANT. GEOPOLÍTICA E DEFESA 361 MINISTÉRIO DA DEFESA EXÉRCITO BRASILEIRO GABINETE DO COMANDANTE PROPOSTA PARA O PLANO NACIONAL DE PÓS-GRADUAÇÃO Ação Estratégica da Estratégia Nacional de Defesa: Ciência e Tecnologia Descrição: Fomentar a pesquisa de materiais, equipamentos e sistemas militares e civis que compatibilize as prioridades científico-tecnológicas com as necessidades de defesa. Nr Área de Concentração 8 Fabricação Linha de Pesquisa Fabricação com alta precisão Interesse / Aplicação na Força Terrestre Aplicação em: armamentos, munições, mísseis e foguetes, viaturas militares, aeronaves, VTNT e VANT. 362 GEOPOLÍTICA E DEFESA MINISTÉRIO DA DEFESA EXÉRCITO BRASILEIRO GABINETE DO COMANDANTE PROPOSTA PARA O PLANO NACIONAL DE PÓS-GRADUAÇÃO Ação Estratégica da Estratégia Nacional de Defesa: Segurança Nacional Descrição: Contribuir para o incremento de segurança nacional Nr 1 2 Área de Concentração Instalações Nucleares Defesa Linha de Pesquisa Interesse / Aplicação na Força Terrestre Reatores Nucleares Formação de pesquisador para permitir a nacionalização e o desenvolvimento em escala industrial do ciclo do combustível nuclear e da tecnologia da construção de reatores, para o suso exclusivo do Brasil. Defesa Química Biológica e Nuclear Formação de recursos humanos com o objetivo de difundir e nuclear diferentes grupos de pesquisa em território nacional, bem como atuar em possíveis emergências QBN. GEOPOLÍTICA E DEFESA 363 MINISTÉRIO DA DEFESA EXÉRCITO BRASILEIRO GABINETE DO COMANDANTE PROPOSTA PARA O PLANO NACIONAL DE PÓS-GRADUAÇÃO Ação Estratégica da Estratégia Nacional de Defesa: Infra-estrutura Descrição: Compatibilizar os atuais esforços governamentais de aceleração do crescimento com as necessidades da Defesa Nacional. Nr 1 Área de Concentração Instalações Nucleares Linha de Pesquisa Controle ambiental Interesse / Aplicação na Força Terrestre Formação de recursos humanos em estudo de técnicas de controle de segurança e de proteção do meio-ambiente relacionados ao emprego da energia nuclear como forma de estabilizar a matriz energética nacional. 364 GEOPOLÍTICA E DEFESA MINISTÉRIO DA DEFESA EXÉRCITO BRASILEIRO GABINETE DO COMANDANTE PROPOSTA PARA O PLANO NACIONAL DE PÓS-GRADUAÇÃO Ação Estratégica da Estratégia Nacional de Defesa: Ciência e Tecnologia: Fomentar a pesquisa de materiais, equipamentos e sistemas militares e civis que compatibilize as prioridades científico- tecnológicas com as necessidades de defesa. Descrição: O Ministério da Defesa, em coordenação com os Ministérios da Fazenda, do desenvolvimento, Indústria e Comércio Exterior, do planejamento, Orçamento e Gestão, e da Ciência e Tecnologia e com as Forças armadas, deverá estabelecer ato legal que garanta a alocação, de forma continuada, de recursos financeiros específicos que viabilizem o desenvolvimento integrado e a conclusão de projetos relacionados à defesa nacional, cada um deles com um pólo integrador definido, com ênfase para o desenvolvimento e a fabricação, dentre outros, de: armamentos inteligentes, como mísseis, bombas e torpedos, dentre outros; veículos aéreos não-tripulados; sistemas de comando e controle e de segurança das informações; radares; equipamentos e plataformas de guerra eletrônica; equipamento individual e sistemas de comunicação do combatente do futuro; veículos blindados; munições; e sensores óticos e eletro-óticos. Nr 1 Área de Concentração Materiais de alta densidade energética Linha de Pesquisa 1.1- Estudo de síntese do cubano, incluindo caracterização, propriedades físico-químicas, estabilidade química, possibilidades de emprego e outros parâmetros relevantes; e 1.2- Estudo de síntese do nitrocubano, incluindo caracterização, propriedades físico-químicas, estabilidade química, possibilidades de emprego e outros parâmetros relevantes. Ação Estratégica da END Interesse/Aplicação na Força Terrestre (Aç Estrtg e Pj do Prgr COBRA*) Armamentos inteligentes; Munições AE 3, 5, 6 e 13 - Ogivas de mísseis (solo-ar, superfícieVXSHUItFLH H GH RXWURV DUtefatos bélicos (munições de morteiros 60, 81 e 120 PP Obs: Adicionalmente, o novo H[SORVLYR QLWURFXEDQR SRderá vir a ter aplicação em minerações, abertura de túneis, estradas e outras aplicações civis. GEOPOLÍTICA E DEFESA 2 3 4 Energia dirigida 2.1- Estudo para o desenvolvimento de dispositivos de microondas de potência a feixe de elétrons, do tipo TWT; (VWXGRGRIHQ{PHQRWHUPRL{QLFRSDUDDSURGXomRGHIHL[HGH elétrons; 2.3- Estudo interação entre feixe de elétrons e a radiação eletromagnética; 2.4- Estudo de sistema de focalização magnética para feixe de elétrons aplicados a micro-ondas de potência; e 2.5- Estudo de sistemas moduladores chaveados para válvulas de micro-ondas de potência. Sensores ² (VWXGR SDUD R GHVHQYROvimento de cabeça de busca eletro-ótica de aproximação, para instalação em munição inteligente de artilharia; ² (VWXGR SDUD R GHVHQYROYLmento de micro-receptores de GPS, para instalação em munição inteligente de artilharia. Comunicações ² (VWXGR VREUH DQWHQDV GH banda larga para as faixas de HF 0+]DWp6+)*+]SDUD emprego em Rádio Definido por Software; ² (VWXGR VREUH FRQYHUVRUHV analógico-digital e digital-analóJLFRSDUDDVIDL[DVGH+)0+] DWp6+)*+]SDUDHPSUHJR em Rádio Definido por Software; 4.3- Estudo sobre fontes de alimentação em termos de estabilidade de tensão, alto desempenho e baixo peso, para emprego em Rádio Definido por Software. 365 Equipamentos e plataformas de JXHUUDHOHWU{QLFD AE 3, 8 e 14 - Desenvolvimento de radares e sistemas de defesa antiaérea e de vigilância terrestre; 6LVWHPD GH *XHUUD (OHWU{QLFD6,*(/([ Obs: Adicionalmente, as tecnologias resultantes poderão permitir o desenvolvimento de canhão eletromagnético para a defesa de instalações VHQVtYHLVPLOLDUHVHFLYLV Sensores óticos e eletro-óticos; Armamentos inteligentes; Munições. $(²'HVHQYROYLPHQWRGH sistemas de reconhecimento e busca de alvo. Obs: Esta tecnologia poderá contribuir para o desenvolvimento e produção de munição 155 mm similar à granada Excalibur. Sistemas de comando e controle; Equipamento individual e sistemas de comunicação do combatente do futuro $( H ² 0RGHUQL]DomR dos meios de comunicações rádio do SC2 em Combate; Desenvolvimento de subsistemas do Sistema Modular do Combatente Individual. Obs: Adicionalmente, as tecnologias resultantes poderão ser aplicadas nas comunicações via rádio militares e civis. 366 5 GEOPOLÍTICA E DEFESA Energia dirigida 5.1 - Estudo para o desenvolvimento de mistura química de fluoreto de deutério, com vistas à geração de feixe de laser, incluindo caracterização, propriedades físico-químicas, estabilidade química, possibilidades de emprego e outros parâmetros relevantes. Armamentos inteligentes. AE 3 - Desenvolvimento de sistema de defesa antiaérea. Obs: Esta tecnologia poderá contribuir para o desenvolvimento e produção de canhão a laser, para emprego em sistemas de defesa antiaérea, entre outros. GEOPOLÍTICA E DEFESA 367 MINISTÉRIO DA DEFESA EXÉRCITO BRASILEIRO GABINETE DO COMANDANTE PROPOSTA PARA O PLANO NACIONAL DE PÓS-GRADUAÇÃO Ação Estratégica da Estratégia Nacional de Defesa: Ciência e Tecnologia Descrição: Fomentar a pesquisa de materiais, equipamentos e sistemas militares e civis que compatibilize as prioridades científico-tecnológicas com as necessidades de defesa. Nr Área de Concentração Linha de Pesquisa Interesse / Aplicação na Força Terrestre Crescimento de estruturas semicondutoras Crescimento de estruturas semicondutoras como InSb, InGaAs, HgCdTe, VOx, entre outras, para detectores de infravermelho / Sensores óticos e eletro-óticos (equipamentos de visão noturna e guiamento de PtVVHLV Crescimento de filmes finos anti-refletores para infravermelho / Sensores óticos e eletro-óticos (equipamentos de visão noturna e JXLDPHQWRGHPtVVHLV 1 Física da Matéria Condensada 2 Propriedades Físicas dos Materiais Filmes Finos 0LFURHOHWU{QLFD Processamento de estruturas semiconduto7HFQRORJLD GH PLFURHOHWU{QLFD H IRras para detectores de infravermelho / SenW{QLFD SURFHVVDPHQWR GH VHQVRUHV sores óticos e eletro-óticos (equipamentos PLFURHOHWU{QLFRV GHYLVmRQRWXUQDHJXLDPHQWRGHPtVVHLV 0LFURHOHWU{QLFD Encapsulamento a vácuo de sensores Desenvolvimento de sistemas de encapsulamento a vácuo para detectores / Sensores óticos e eletro-óticos (equipamentos de viVmRQRWXUQDHJXLDPHQWRGHPtVVHLV Soldagem de componentes microeleWU{QLFRV Desenvolvimento de processos de soldagem GHFRPSRQHQWHVPLFURHOHWU{QLFRV6HQVRres óticos e eletro-óticos (equipamentos de YLVmRQRWXUQDHJXLDPHQWRGHPtVVHLV 3 4 5 0LFURHOHWU{QLFD 368 GEOPOLÍTICA E DEFESA MINISTÉRIO DA DEFESA EXÉRCITO BRASILEIRO GABINETE DO COMANDANTE PROPOSTA PARA O PLANO NACIONAL DE PÓS-GRADUAÇÃO Ação Estratégica da Estratégia Nacional de Defesa: Ciência e Tecnologia Descrição: Fomentar a pesquisa de materiais, equipamentos e sistemas militares e civis que compatibilize as prioridades científico-tecnológicas com as necessidades de defesa. Nr 6 Área de Concentração 0LFURHOHWU{QLFD Linha de Pesquisa Interesse / Aplicação na Força Terrestre Projeto de circuitos integrados Desenvolvimento de circuitos integrados de leitura para sensores de infravermelho matriciais / Sensores óticos e eletro-óticos (equipamentos de visão noturna e guiamenWRGHPtVVHLV Projeto de sistemas óticos de infravermelho Desenvolvimento de sistemas ópticos para equipamentos de visão noturna e guiamento de mísseis / equipamento individual e sistemas de comunicação do combatente do futuro. Refrigeradores criogênicos Desenvolvimento de refrigeradores criogênicos para detectores de infravermelho / Sensores óticos e eletro-óticos (equipamentos GHYLVmRQRWXUQDHJXLDPHQWRGHPtVVHLV 7 Óptica 8 Engenharia e ciências térmicas 9 Engenharia e ciências térmicas Simulação de sistemas criogênicos Simulação de sistemas de refrigeração criogênicos / Sensores óticos e eletro-óticos (equipamentos de visão noturna e guiamenWRGHPtVVHLV 10 Metalurgia Metalurgia do Tântalo Projetis forjados por explosão. 11 Metalurgia 0HWDOXUJLDGR=LUF{QLR Componente importante na fabricação da liga de zircalloy, munições termobáricas e cerâmicos a base de carbetos para blindagens. 12 Metalurgia Metalurgia do Tungstênio Material substituto do aço nas munições SHUIXUDQWHVFDUEHWRGHWXQJVWrQLR GEOPOLÍTICA E DEFESA 369 MINISTÉRIO DA DEFESA EXÉRCITO BRASILEIRO GABINETE DO COMANDANTE PROPOSTA PARA O PLANO NACIONAL DE PÓS-GRADUAÇÃO Ação Estratégica da Estratégia Nacional de Defesa: Ciência e Tecnologia Descrição: Fomentar a pesquisa de materiais, equipamentos e sistemas militares e civis que compatibilize as prioridades científico-tecnológicas com as necessidades de defesa. Nr Área de Concentração Linha de Pesquisa Interesse / Aplicação na Força Terrestre 13 Metalurgia Metalurgia do Urânio exaurido 0XQLo}HVDQWLFDUUR$&SDUDHPSUHJRQR Leopard 1A5. 14 Metalurgia Metalurgia do Molibdénio Armas magnéticas e blindagens magnéticas. 15 Materiais Cerâmicos Cerâmicas á base de carbetos de bom e de silício Uso dual nas indústrias do petróleo e de defesa. 16 Materiais Cerâmicos Cerâmicos transparentes Uso dual na indústria do petróleo, aeronáutica e de defesa. 17 Polímeros Polietileno de ultra-alto módulo de elasticidade Emprego dual na indústria do petróleo e de GHIHVDEOLQGDJHQV Ciência Básica Física da matéria condensada Estudo de propriedades dinâmicas dos materiais e dinâmica das altas energias aplicada aos materiais. 19 Ciência Básica Caracterização de materiais com técnicas de alta energia como a Luz Síncroton Estudo de características de estruturas, microestruturas e morfologia de fases em materiais no estado sólido, semi-cristalino e amorfo. 20 Ciência Básica Química das superfícies Nanoaplicações 21 Ciência Básica Física das superfícies Caracterização de compostos e estruturas em nanoescala de emprego dual. Projetos Mecânicos Projetos de Sistemas Veiculares. Controle de Sistemas Dinâmicos Projetos de Sistemas Veiculares. Reconhecimento de Padrões P&D de radares / identificação de alvos aéreos, terrestres ou marítimos a partir de VLQDLVGHUDGDUDVVLQDWXUDUDGDU 18 22 23 24 Mecânica dos Sólidos Mecânica dos Sólidos Inteligência Computacional 370 GEOPOLÍTICA E DEFESA MINISTÉRIO DA DEFESA EXÉRCITO BRASILEIRO GABINETE DO COMANDANTE PROPOSTA PARA O PLANO NACIONAL DE PÓS-GRADUAÇÃO Ação Estratégica da Estratégia Nacional de Defesa: Ciência e Tecnologia Descrição: Fomentar a pesquisa de materiais, equipamentos e sistemas militares e civis que compatibilize as prioridades científico-tecnológicas com as necessidades de defesa. Nr 25 Área de Concentração Inteligência Computacional 26 Processamento de Sinais 27 Eletromagnetismo Aplicado 28 Sistemas de Computação de Alto Desempenho Linha de Pesquisa Interesse / Aplicação na Força Terrestre Fusão de Dados P&D de radares / fusão de dados provenientes de múltiplos sensores, principalmente radares. Processamento de Sinais Aplicado a Radares P&D de radares / modelagem computacional, análise de desempenho, algoritmos de detecção e estimação, algoritmos de rastreamento, algoritmos para cancelamento de lóbulos secundários ou de interferências, projeto de formas de onda, técnicas de CFAR e de redução de clutter. Antenas P&D de radares / Projeto de antenas diversas empregadas em radares, principalmente do tipo phased array. Processamento Distribuído P&D de radares / estudo e implementação de sistemas computacionais de alto desempenho e algoritmos eficientes para o processamento em tempo real de sinais de radar em sistemas distribuídos. 29 Eletroquímica Sistemas Eletroquímicos Avançados Desenvolvimento de componentes catódicos, anódicos, eletrólito de sais fundidos, fontes térmicas para aplicação em mísseis. 30 Explosivos Munições Termobáricas Expansão da capacidade de emprego de armas anticarro. Modificadores Balísticos Obtenção de propelentes de alta velocidade de queima para aplicação em sistemas de mísseis modernos. 31 Propelentes GEOPOLÍTICA E DEFESA 371 MINISTÉRIO DA DEFESA EXÉRCITO BRASILEIRO GABINETE DO COMANDANTE PROPOSTA PARA O PLANO NACIONAL DE PÓS-GRADUAÇÃO Ação Estratégica da Estratégia Nacional de Defesa: Ciência e Tecnologia Descrição: Fomentar a pesquisa de materiais, equipamentos e sistemas militares e civis que compatibilize as prioridades científico-tecnológicas com as necessidades de defesa. Nr 33 34 35 Área de Concentração Linha de Pesquisa Interesse / Aplicação na Força Terrestre Síntese Orgânica Síntese de padrões de agentes químicos, produtos perigosos e explosivos para análise, desenvolvimento de rotas de síntese química e implantação de laboratório dentro das normas ISO/ NBR 17.025. Domínio da tecnologia de síntese de agentes químicos perigosos de tal forma que seja possível aprofundar os conhecimentos em sistemas de defesa efetivos contra esses tipos de agentes e, assim, desenvolver soluções compatíveis com a realidade nacional. Química Analítica e Química Orgânica Identificação de compostos organofosforados (pesticidas, agentes TXtPLFRV SURGXWRV SHULJRVRV HP matrizes ambientais por meio da utilização de métodos cromatográficos e espectrométricos. Verificação da existência de contaminação por estes compostos em áreas sob responsabilidade do Exército ou em teatros de operação em que a Força Terrestre possa atuar, proporcionando maior segurança à tropa e DRSDWULP{QLRDOpPGHDWHQGHUDSUHFHLWRV descritos em legislação ambiental. Química Fluidodinâmica Computacional Modelagem e simulação para o espalhamento de nuvens contendo agentes QBN em ambientes abertos e fechados. Desenvolvimento de mapas de risco e de preditores para contaminação de rios, bacias e sistemas de distribuição de água potável. Planejamento de ações de resposta a incidentes que envolvam agentes tóxicos. Determinar ações preventivas que visem evitar a contaminação de áreas sob responsabilidade do Exército. 372 GEOPOLÍTICA E DEFESA MINISTÉRIO DA DEFESA EXÉRCITO BRASILEIRO GABINETE DO COMANDANTE PROPOSTA PARA O PLANO NACIONAL DE PÓS-GRADUAÇÃO Ação Estratégica da Estratégia Nacional de Defesa: Ensino Descrição: Promover maior integração e participação dos setores civis governamentais na discussão dos temas ligados à defesa, assim como a participação efetiva da sociedade brasileira,por intermédio do meio acadêmico e de institutos e entidades ligados aos assuntos estratégicos de defesa. Nr 1 Área de Concentração História Militar Linha de Pesquisa - Conflitos Armados - História da Cultura Militar - Força Expedicionária Brasileira - História dos Fortes - Os Militares e a História do Brasil 2 Administração - Comunicação Social no Exército Brasileiro - Administração Militar - Gestão Ambiental - Gestão de Projetos - Sistema de Excelência na Gestão Militar - Contratos Nacionais e Internacionais - Administração de Pessoal 3 Relações Internacionais - Globalização e Defesa - Operações de Paz e Defesa - Relações Bilaterais e \Defesa Política - O Estado, a Política de Defesa de Defesa nacional Nacional, a Estratégia Nacional de Defesa e as Forças Armadas 4 Interesse / Aplicação na Força Terrestre Incrementar a capacidade institucional do profissional militar e desenvolver atividades acadêmicas e administrativas, bem como intensificar o intercâmbio entre os membros do Governo Federal, da sociedade organizada e da Instituição GEOPOLÍTICA E DEFESA 373 MINISTÉRIO DA DEFESA EXÉRCITO BRASILEIRO GABINETE DO COMANDANTE PROPOSTA PARA O PLANO NACIONAL DE PÓS-GRADUAÇÃO Ação Estratégica da Estratégia Nacional de Defesa: Ensino Descrição: Promover maior integração e participação dos setores civis governamentais na discussão dos temas ligados à defesa, assim como a participação efetiva da sociedade brasileira,por intermédio do meio acadêmico e de institutos e entidades ligados aos assuntos estratégicos de defesa. Nr 5 6 Área de Concentração Linha de Pesquisa Interesse / Aplicação na Força Terrestre Doutrina - Doutrina Militar Terrestre - Doutrina Logística Militar Terrestre - Doutrina de Guerra Cibernética - Doutrina de Operações de Paz - Doutrina sobre Missões de paz e seus efeitos na população assistidas - Dissimulação na conjuntura da Sociedade do conhecimento Incrementar a capacidade institucional do profissional militar e desenvolver atividades acadêmicas e administrativas, bem como intensificar o intercâmbio entre os membros do Governo Federal, da sociedade organizada e da Instituição Saúde - Processo de Modernização da Saúde no Exército - Gestão Hospitalar - Medicina Operacional - Saúde em Operações Capacitar força de trabalho capaz de atuar na gestão de políticas públicas, em programas e projetos da área de defesa, bem como na interação com órgãos governamentais e a sociedade. 374 GEOPOLÍTICA E DEFESA MINISTÉRIO DA DEFESA EXÉRCITO BRASILEIRO GABINETE DO COMANDANTE PROPOSTA PARA O PLANO NACIONAL DE PÓS-GRADUAÇÃO Ação Estratégica da Estratégia Nacional de Defesa: Recursos Humanos Descrição: Promover a valorização da profissão militar de forma compatível com seu papel na sociedade brasileira, assim como fomentar o recrutamento, a seleção, o desenvolvimento e a permanência de quadros civis, para contribuir com o esforço de defesa. Nr 1 2 3 Área de Concentração Linha de Pesquisa Interesse / Aplicação na Força Terrestre Educação - Infância, Juventude e Educação - Processos Educacionais Aplicados ao Ensino - Política Pública de Educação - Educação Escolar, Instituições, Sujeitos e Currículos - Psicologia e Psicanálise Aplicadas à Educação Militar Capacitar força de trabalho capaz de atuar na gestão de políticas públicas, em programas e projetos da área de defesa, bem como na interação com órgãos governamentais e a sociedade. Ensino Administração - Administração Militar - Administração de Pessoal - Sistema de Excelência na Gestão Militar Saúde - Capacitação de Recursos Humanos e Educação Médica Continuada - Gestão hospitalar - Gestão de Saúde Capacitar força de trabalho capaz de atuar na gestão de políticas públicas, em programas e projetos da área de defesa, bem como na interação com órgãos governamentais e a sociedade. GEOPOLÍTICA E DEFESA 375 Anexo C 0$5,1+$'2%5$6,/ *$%,1(7('2&20$1'$17('$0$5,1+$ RELAÇÃO DAS PROPOSTAS DA MARINHA DO BRASIL DE ÁREAS DE CONCENTRAÇÃO E RESPECTIVAS LINHAS DE PESQUISA PARA O PNPG 2011-2020 ÁREAS DE CONHECIMENTO (CAPES) Ciências Biológicas Ciências Biológicas II AÇÕES ESTRATÉGICAS DE INTERESSE DA ESTRATÉGIA NACIONAL DE DEFESA (END) Área Ambiental Pesquisa e Desenvolvimento: Aprimorar conhecimentos de profissionais Farmacêuticos do LFM para o desenvolvimento, registro e produção de medicamentos. ÁREA DE CONCENTRAÇÃO (CAPES) LINHAS DE PESQUISA Oceanografia Biológica Bioluminescência submarina; Materiais e técnicas que permitam o controle das bioincrustações; Influência do meio ambiente nas minas de fundo e de fundeio; Pesquisas orientadas para a preservação do meio ambiente e para o controle de espécies invasoras; Controle e gestão da água de lastro e sedimento de navios; Biossegurança; Recifes artificiais; Recursos vivos; Biomarcadores; Biologia molecular; e Ecossistemas marinhos. Farmacocinética Biodisponibilidade Farmacologia Toxicologia 376 GEOPOLÍTICA E DEFESA ÁREAS DE CONHECIMENTO (CAPES) Ciências da Saúde Ciências da Saúde AÇÕES ESTRATÉGICAS DE INTERESSE DA ESTRATÉGIA NACIONAL DE DEFESA (END) Desenvolvimento de potencialidades, através do incentivo à pesquisa e aprimoramento de técnicas terapêuticas, cirúrgicas e de procedimentos em saúde coletiva. Desenvolvimento de potencialidades, através do incentivo à pesquisa e aprimoramento de técnicas terapêuticas, cirúrgicas e de procedimentos em saúde coletiva. Desenvolvimento de potencialidades, através do incentivo à pesquisa e aprimoramento de técnicas terapêuticas, cirúrgicas e de procedimentos em saúde coletiva. ÁREA DE CONCENTRAÇÃO (CAPES) Medicina I Endocrinologia Gastroenterologia Medicina Legal e de ontologia Medicina II Doenças Infecciosas e Parasitárias Nutrição Análise Nutricional de População Medicina III Cirurgia Experimental Odontologia Endodontia Odontologia Social e Preventiva Materiais Odontológicos Farmácia Enfermagem Saúde coletiva Ciências da Saúde Fomentar a pesquisa de materiais, equipamentos e sistemas militares e civis que compatibilize as prioridades científicotecnológicas com as necessidades de defesa LINHAS DE PESQUISA Nutrição Farmacotecnia Análise Toxicológica Análise e Controle de Medicamentos Bromatologia Enfermagem MédicoCirúrgica Enfermagem Obstétrica Enfermagem Psiquiátrica Enfermagem de Saúde Pública Epidemiologia Medicina Preventiva Desenvolvimento de rações operacionais. GEOPOLÍTICA E DEFESA ÁREAS DE CONHECIMENTO (CAPES) AÇÕES ESTRATÉGICAS DE INTERESSE DA ESTRATÉGIA NACIONAL DE DEFESA (END) ÁREA DE CONCENTRAÇÃO (CAPES) 377 LINHAS DE PESQUISA Medicina operativa Psicologia aplicada à área operativa, enfocando a capacidade para tomar decisões e o gerenciamento de estresse em situações de combate Ciências da Saúde, Ciências Biológicas, Ciências Humanas Medidas de proteção à saúde humana contra ações de guerra nuclear, bacteULROyJLFDHTXtPLFD1%4 Recursos Humanos, Logística Sistemas e simuladores para gestão de Desempenho Humano e Saúde pessoal, de saúde e de ensino, incluindo simuladores de treinamento Alimentos e rações de combate Incremento da satisfação profissional sob o enfoque da situação psicossocial Atuação em situações de calamidade pública, desastres e ações humanitárias Verticalização do ensino Liderança e ética Área Ambiental Oceanografia Física Climatologia Oceanográfica Dinâmica Oceânica Modelagem numérica de processos oceanográficos Oceanografia Acústica Sensoriamento Remoto aplicado à Oceanografia Obtenção, qualificação e integração de dados oceanográficos Geociências Meteorologia Acústica submarina Geologia marinha Geofísica Sedimentologia marinha Ciências Exatas e da Terra Área Ambiental Área Ambiental Química Monitoramento de radionuclídeos na costa brasileira; Rede de laboratório de química do ambiente marinho; e Monitoramento de hidrocarbonetos na água e sedimento. 378 GEOPOLÍTICA E DEFESA ÁREAS DE CONHECIMENTO (CAPES) AÇÕES ESTRATÉGICAS DE INTERESSE DA ESTRATÉGIA NACIONAL DE DEFESA (END) Material ÁREA DE CONCENTRAÇÃO (CAPES) LINHAS DE PESQUISA Química Monitoramento de radionuclídeos na costa brasileira; Rede de laboratório de química do ambiente marinho; e Monitoramento de hidrocarbonetos na água e sedimento. Prontidão para resposta de ameaças não convencionais às vias marítimas e Monitoração e Controle da Águas Jurisdicionais brasileiras. Ciência da Computação Arquitetura de Sistemas. Armamentos inteligentes, como mísseis, bombas e torpedos, dentre outros. Equipamentos e plataformas GHJXHUUDHOHWU{QLFD Ciência da Computação Medição de Seção Reta Radar; Lançadores de Despistadores de Mísseis e Torpedos; e Armas Submarinas. Equipamentos e plataformas GHJXHUUDHOHWU{QLFD Ciência da Computação Receptores e Transmissores em Microondas; Processamento de Sinais Radar; e Simulação e Testes de Equipamentos. Desenvolvimento de jogos de guerra, jogos de informação e jogos de controle de crise Ciências Exatas e da Terra Desenvolvimento de jogos de mobilização e logística Sistemas de gestão de lições aprendidas Ciência e Tecnologia, Logística, Comando e Controle e Adestramento Ciência da Computação, Matemática, Probabilidade, Estatística e Geociências. Simulações e softwares para apoiar o processo decisório de aquisição, modernização e apoio logístico integrado $/,GHPHLRV Avaliação operacional de meios de fuzileiros navais Sistemas de Comando e Controle Avaliação de tática e desenvolvimento de procedimentos operativos Sistemas de apoio à decisão tática Sistemas de informações operativas e logísticas Sistemas para cálculo de custo do ciclo de vida de meios GEOPOLÍTICA E DEFESA ÁREAS DE CONHECIMENTO (CAPES) AÇÕES ESTRATÉGICAS DE INTERESSE DA ESTRATÉGIA NACIONAL DE DEFESA (END) ÁREA DE CONCENTRAÇÃO (CAPES) 379 LINHAS DE PESQUISA Análise estatística e soluções otimizadas para problemas operacionais e logísticos Análise estatística e soluções otimizadas para problemas administrativos Integração de Sistemas de Comando e Controle Ciência e Tecnologia, Logística, Comando e Controle e Adestramento Ciência da Computação, Matemática, Probabilidade, Estatística e Geociências. Sistemas de controle de avarias para plantas industriais de bases navais e OM de Terra Sistemas de Informação Geográficas Modelagem e Simulação Sistemas de segurança de Áreas e Instalações em plantas industriais de bases navais e OM de terra Sistemas de simulação de ambiente de *XHUUD(OHWU{QLFDHGH*XHUUD&LEHUQpWLca centrada em rede Ciências Exatas e da Terra Simuladores e sistemas para adestramento tático naval, aeronaval e de Fuzileiros Navais Controle de área marítima, Defesa de Plataformas de petróleo, Defesa de Instalações navais e portuárias Defesa de ilhas e arquipélagos em águas territoriais brasileiras; Negação do Uso do mar; Monitoração e Controle da Águas Jurisdicionais brasileiras; e Operações Internacionais de Paz e projeções de poder sobre terra Controle de área marítima, Defesa de Plataformas de petróleo, Defesa de Instalações navais e portuárias Defesa de ilhas e arquipélagos em águas territoriais brasileiras; Negação do Uso do mar; Monitoração e Controle da Águas Jurisdicionais brasileiras; e Operações Internacionais de Paz e projeções de poder sobre terra Probabilidade e Estatística Interferência em Processos Estocásticos; e Planejamento de Experimentos e Análises de Dados Aplicados à Avaliação Operacional de Meios Matemática Discreta e Combinatória Aplicações da matemática discreta e combinatória ao Desenvolvimento de Tática e seus Procedimentos Operativos Matemática Aplicada Matemática aplicada ao Apoio à Decisão 380 GEOPOLÍTICA E DEFESA ÁREAS DE CONHECIMENTO (CAPES) AÇÕES ESTRATÉGICAS DE INTERESSE DA ESTRATÉGIA NACIONAL DE DEFESA (END) ÁREA DE CONCENTRAÇÃO (CAPES) LINHAS DE PESQUISA Mineração de Dados. Modelagem e simulação. Banco de Dados. Recuperação de dados. Engenharia de Software. Prontidão para resposta de ameaças não convencionais às vias marítimas e Monitoração e Controle da Águas Jurisdicionais brasileiras. Fusão de Dados. Ciência da Computação Interoperabilidade de Sistemas. Arquitetura de Sistemas de Comando e Controle. Sistemas de Informações Geográficas e Georreferenciadas. Ciências Exatas e da Terra Redes e Relacionamentos. 0RGHODJHPGH'DGRVGH&-&,('0 e ontologias. Equipamentos e Plataformas de Guerra Eletrônica Equipamentos e plataformas de *XHUUD(OHWU{QLFD MAGE e CME; Detectores infravermelhos; (PSUHJRGHGLVSRVLWLYRVIRW{QLFRVHP*XHUUD(OHWU{QLFDVHQVRUHVGHDOWDVHQVLELOLGDGH Ciência da Computação Medição da Seção reta Radar. Ciência da Computação Receptores e transmissores em microondas; Processamento de sinais radar; Processamento de sinais e imagens; 6LVWHPDVSDVVLYRVGH*XHUUD(OHWU{QLFD 0$*((/,17 6LVWHPDV DWLYRV GH *XHUUD (OHWU{QLFD &0( Detecção, identificação e classificação de sinais; e Métodos de processamento de imagens infravermelhas. GEOPOLÍTICA E DEFESA ÁREAS DE CONHECIMENTO (CAPES) AÇÕES ESTRATÉGICAS DE INTERESSE DA ESTRATÉGIA NACIONAL DE DEFESA (END) ÁREA DE CONCENTRAÇÃO (CAPES) 381 LINHAS DE PESQUISA Compartilhamento de Informações, processos colaborativos e comportamentais. Tecnologias colaborativas para Operações Centradas em Redes Prontidão para resposta de ameaças não convencionais às vias marítimas e Monitoração e Controle da Águas Jurisdicionais brasileiras. Ciência da Computação Inteligência Artificial Redes Neurais Realidade Virtual Sistemas Multiagentes Interoperabilidade entre jogos e simulaGRUHV+/$ Ciências Exatas e da Terra Prontidão para resposta de ameaças não convencionais às vias marítimas e Monitoração e Controle da Águas Jurisdicionais brasileiras Prontidão para resposta de ameaças não convencionais às vias marítimas e Monitoração e Controle da Águas Jurisdicionais brasileiras. Geociências Sistemas de Informações Geográficas e Georreferenciadas. Matemática Modelagem matemática (Teoria de Jogos, Teoria de Filas, Lógica Difusa, Sistemas Discretos, Sistemas Contínuos, 3URFHVVRV(VWRFiVWLFRVHWF Probabilidade e Estatística Probabilidade e Estatística Aplicada Ciência da Computação Sistemas Arquivísticos Matemática Matemática Aplicada à Criptologia Álgebra Matemática Aplicada à Criptologia Matemática. Aplicada Matemática Aplicada à Criptologia Matemática Criptografia Ciência da Computação Projeto de Algoritmos Criptográficos; Linguagens de Programação; Análise de Algoritmos e Complexidade de Computação; Desenvolvimento de Sistemas; Criptográficos em Software; e Engenharia de Software. Segurança da Informação 382 GEOPOLÍTICA E DEFESA ÁREAS DE CONHECIMENTO (CAPES) AÇÕES ESTRATÉGICAS DE INTERESSE DA ESTRATÉGIA NACIONAL DE DEFESA (END) ÁREA DE CONCENTRAÇÃO (CAPES) LINHAS DE PESQUISA Segurança em Banco de Dados Prontidão para resposta de ameaças não convencionais às vias marítimas e Monitoração e Controle da Águas Jurisdicionais brasileiras. Segurança em Sistemas Operacionais Ciência da Computação Auditoria e Forense Computacional Probabilidade e Estatística Radar. Veículos Blindados. Armamentos inteligentes, como mísseis, bombas e torpedos, dentre outros. Ferramentas de Controle de Qualidade de Algoritmos Criptográficos Probabilidade Estatística Química. Materiais Absorvedores de Radiação Eletromagnética; Cerâmicas Piezoelétricas e Estruturais; Propelentes e Pirotécnicos; e Caracterização de Materiais. Sistema de comando e controle e de segurança das informações. Radar. Ciência da Computação. Sistemas de Controle Tático; Simuladores de Treinamento; Fusão de Dados; Automação e Controle de Máquinas; Link de Dados; e Distribuição de Vídeo Radar por ProtocoORGH,QWHUQHW,3 Ciências Exatas e Submarinos convencionais e da Terra de propulsão nuclear. Armamentos inteligentes, como mísseis, bombas e torpedos, dentre outros. Ciência da Computação e Física. Propagação Acústica Submarina; Processamento de Sinais Acústicos; e Projeto, Desenvolvimento, Produção e Calibração de Transdutores. Veículos Aéreos não tripulados 9$17 Desenvolvimento de tecnologias de guiamento remoto, sobretudo sistemas inerciais. Ciência da Computação. Testes de Sensores Inerciais; Algoritmos de Navegação Inercial; e Projeto de Centrais Inerciais. Equipamentos e plataformas GH*XHUUD(OHWU{QLFD Ciência da Computação Medição de seção reta radar. Equipamentos e plataformas GH*XHUUD(OHWU{QLFD MAGE e CME; Detectores infravermelhos; Emprego de dispositivos foW{QLFRV HP *XHUUD (OHWU{QLFD (sensores de alta sensibilidaGH Ciência da Computação Receptores e transmissores em microondas; Processamento de sinais radar; Processamento de sinais e imagens; 6LVWHPDVSDVVLYRVGH*XHUUD(OHWU{QLFD 0$*((/,17 6LVWHPDV DWLYRV GH *XHUUD (OHWU{QLFD &0( Detecção, identificação e classificação de sinais; e Métodos de processamento de imagens infravermelhas. *XHUUD(OHWU{QLFD Ciência da Computação Comunicações baseadas em picosatélites. GEOPOLÍTICA E DEFESA ÁREAS DE CONHECIMENTO (CAPES) AÇÕES ESTRATÉGICAS DE INTERESSE DA ESTRATÉGIA NACIONAL DE DEFESA (END) A Marinha do Brasil: a hierarquia dos objetivos estratégicos e táticos. Monitoramento da superfície do mar a partir do espaço. ÁREA DE CONCENTRAÇÃO (CAPES) Geofísica/ Sensoriamento Remoto 383 LINHAS DE PESQUISA oceanografia por satélite Sensores e Sistemas de GuerUD (OHWU{QLFD EDVHDGRV HP softwares (rádios e bloqueaGRUHV Ciência da Computação Desenvolvimento de técnicas de interferência; bloqueio / despistamento de comunicações e radar; Processamento de sinais de comunicação; e Desenvolvimento de sistemas de predição de UHIUDWLYLGDGH$5(36 Diretrizes da Estratégia Nacional de Defesa. Desenvolver as capacidades de monitorar e controlar o espaço aéreo, o território e as águas jurisdicionais brasileiras. A Marinha do Brasil: a hierarquia dos objetivos estratégicos e táticos. Contribuir para a negação do uso do mar. Oceanografia Física/ Movimento da água do mar. modelagem numérica Meteorologia/ Meteorologia Aplicada Previsão do Tempo Ciências Exatas e Diretrizes da Estratégia Nacioda Terra nal de Defesa. Desenvolver as capacidades de monitorar e controlar o espaço aéreo, o território e as águas jurisdicionais brasileiras. A Marinha do Brasil: a hierarquia dos objetivos estratégicos e táticos. Geodésia/ Geodésia Física Propagação de erro em posicionamento de multifeixe Diretrizes da Estratégia Nacional de Defesa. Desenvolver as capacidades de monitorar e controlar o espaço aéreo, o território e as águas jurisdicionais brasileiras. A Marinha do Brasil: a hierarquia dos objetivos estratégicos e táticos. Brasileiras AJB. Oceanografia Geológica/ Geomorfologia Submarina Geomorfologia costeira Desenvolver as capacidades de monitorar e controlar o espaço aéreo, o território e as águas jurisdicionais brasileiras. Oceanografia Biológica Controle e Gestão de Água de Lastro 384 GEOPOLÍTICA E DEFESA ÁREAS DE CONHECIMENTO (CAPES) AÇÕES ESTRATÉGICAS DE INTERESSE DA ESTRATÉGIA NACIONAL DE DEFESA (END) Promover maior integração e participação dos setores civis/ governamentais na discussão dos temas ligados a defesa asCiências Exatas e sim como a participação efetiva da sociedade brasileira, por da Terra||| intermédio do meio acadêmico e de institutos e de entidades ligados aos assuntos estratégicos de defesa. Pesquisa e Desenvolvimento: Aprimorar conhecimentos de profissionais Farmacêuticos do LFM para o desenvolvimento, registro e produção de medicamentos. ÁREA DE CONCENTRAÇÃO (CAPES) LINHAS DE PESQUISA Matemática Matemática Aplicada &LrQFLD(FRQ{PLFDQDIRUPDomRPLOLWDU Metodologia aplicada / modelo Tonet e Paz; A escrita dos números; Diálogos no ensino de física e matemática; Diálogos no ensino de biologia e matemática; Etnomatemática; Modelagem matemática; Abstração e generalização em matemática; Estudando matrizes; Ciências em matemática; Estudo interdisciplinar da função. Química Síntese Orgânica Química dos Produtos Naturais Instrumentação Analítica Análise de Traços e Química Ambiental Ciência da Computação Banco de Dados Segurança da Informação Gestão de Riscos em Seg. da Informação e Defesa Cibernética Ciências Exatas e da Terra Ciência e Tecnologia Fomentar a pesquisa de materiais, equipamentos e sistemas militares e civis que compatibilize as prioridades científicotecnológicas com as necessidades de defesa. Engenharia de Software Ciência da Computação Homologação de Software Redes de Computadores Segurança de Redes Redes sem fio Governança de TI Matemática Criptografia GEOPOLÍTICA E DEFESA ÁREAS DE CONHECIMENTO (CAPES) Ciências Humanas AÇÕES ESTRATÉGICAS DE INTERESSE DA ESTRATÉGIA NACIONAL DE DEFESA (END) ÁREA DE CONCENTRAÇÃO (CAPES) 385 LINHAS DE PESQUISA Teologia Bíblica; 7HRORJLDGR&yGLJRGRGLUHLWR&DQ{QLFR Teologia Litúrgica; Teologia Fundamental; Contribuir para a motivação Teologia Dogmática; dos recursos humanos e efetiTeologia Pastoral: va capacitação operacional D Juventude; Filosofia Contribuir para potencialização (Filosofia/Teologia E Familliar; F Social; dos recursos humanos empresubcomissão G Militar. gados em operações de manuWHRORJLD Ética, espiritualidade e cidadania; tenção de paz Sociologia da Religião; Antropologia Teológica e Filosófica; e História da Filosofia. Direito Internacional Público; Capacitação de pessoal para Direito Direito aplicado às Operações Militares; defesa dos interesses nacioInternacional Direito Internacional Humanitário; e nais Direito do Mar. Promover maior integração Arqueologia Arqueologia Subaquática. dos setores civis governamenArqueologia Arqueologia Marítima. tais na discussão dos temas ligados à defesa, assim como a participação efetiva da sociedade brasileira, por intermédio do meio acadêmico e de Arqueologia Arqueologia Náutica. institutos e entidades ligados aos assuntos estratégicos de defesa Recursos Humanos Psicologia Fator Humano na Segurança de Aviação 386 GEOPOLÍTICA E DEFESA ÁREAS DE CONHECIMENTO (CAPES) AÇÕES ESTRATÉGICAS DE INTERESSE DA ESTRATÉGIA NACIONAL DE DEFESA (END) Ciências Humanas Ciências Sociais Aplicadas ÁREA DE CONCENTRAÇÃO (CAPES) LINHAS DE PESQUISA Valorização da profissão militar, a fim de estimular o recrutamento de seus quadros em todas as classes sociais; promover maior integração e participação dos setores civis/ governamentais na discussão dos temas ligados a defesa assim como a participação efetiva da sociedade brasileira, por intermédio do meio acadêmico e de institutos e de entidades ligados aos assuntos estratégicos de defesa; excelência do Ensino nas Forças Armadas no que diz respeito à metodologia e à atualização em relação às modernas táticas e estratégias de emprego de meios militares o Sistema Educacional de cada força ministrará cursos e realizará projetos de pesquisa e de formulação em conjunto com sistemas da demais forças e com a Escola Superior de Guerra. Educação Avaliação Institucional; $YDOLDomRGR(QVLQRD'LVWkQFLD($' Educação na Pósmodernidade; Ensino a Distância na web; Educação e Inovação; Políticas de Formação de Profissionais da Educação; Políticas públicas de Educação Superior; Universidade e formação de professores; Sociologia e Educação; Relações Políticas na formação de oficiais; Construção do conhecimento. Estudos de Gestão Estratégica Ciências Sociais Aplicadas Promover maior integração dos setores civis governamentais na discussão dos temas ligados à defesa, assim como a participação efetiva da sociedade , por intermédio do meio acadêmico e de institutos e entidades ligados aos assuntos estratégicos brasileira de defesa Administração Gestão Estratégica; Planejamento Militar; Economia e Indústria de Defesa; e Processo de Tomada de Decisão Processos Estratégicos (estudo dos processos estratégicos no âmbito interno e externo da organização, assim como a sua relação com o contexto em que se insere. Processos de formulação, implementação, formação e mudança da HVWUDWpJLDHPRUJDQL]Do}HV Gestão Orçamentária (destinada ao aprimoramento do modelo de alocação de créditos que serão aplicados, considerando-se o planejamento estratégico da instituição e as respectivas prioridades GHILQLGDVSHOR$OPLUDQWDGR Administração Gestão de estoques e planejamento da demanda. Gerência de compras e fornecimento. GEOPOLÍTICA E DEFESA ÁREAS DE CONHECIMENTO (CAPES) AÇÕES ESTRATÉGICAS DE INTERESSE DA ESTRATÉGIA NACIONAL DE DEFESA (END) Promover maior integração dos setores civis governamentais na discussão dos temas ligados à defesa, assim como a participação efetiva da sociedade brasileira, por intermédio do meio acadêmico e de institutos e entidades ligados aos assuntos estratégicos de defesa Política de Defesa, Estudos Estratégicos e Relações Internacionais ÁREA DE CONCENTRAÇÃO (CAPES) Ciência da Informação Ciência Política Ciências Sociais Aplicadas 387 LINHAS DE PESQUISA Gestão Estratégica da Informação do Conhecimento (estudo da gestão de ativos intangíveis da organização, que abrangem o capital humano, o capital de relacionamento clientes, parceiros/ fornecedores e comunidade e o capital HVWUXWXUDOVLVWHPDVJHUHQFLDLV Gestão da Inovação (destinada ao desenvolvimento e preservação de conhecimentos ligados ao estabelecimento e implementação de estratégias de inovação, contemplando questões relacionadas à gestão do conhecimento, empreendedorismo, tecnologia, seguUDQoDHHIHWLYLGDGHSDUDRFRPEDWH Ciência Política; Geopolítica; Política de Defesa Nacional, Marítima Nacional e Naval; Estratégia, Estratégia Marítima e Naval; Relações Internacionais; e Planejamento Estratégico de Defesa. Interoperabilidade de Sistemas. Prontidão para resposta de ameaças não convencionais às vias marítimas e Monitoração e Controle da Águas Jurisdicionais brasileiras. Arquitetura de Sistemas de Comando e Controle. Ciência da Informação 0RGHODJHPGH'DGRVGH&-&,('0H ontologias. Compartilhamento de Informações, processos colaborativos e comportamentais. Tecnologias colaborativas para Operações Centradas em Redes Prontidão para resposta de ameaças não convencionais às vias marítimas Promover maior integração dos setores civis governamentais na discussão dos temas ligados à defesa, assim como a participação efetiva da sociedade brasileira, por intermédio do meio acadêmico e de institutos e entidades ligados aos assuntos estratégicos de defesa Ciência da Informação Sistemas Arquivísticos Gestão de estoques e planejamento da demanda. Administração Gerência de compras e fornecimento. 388 GEOPOLÍTICA E DEFESA ÁREAS DE CONHECIMENTO (CAPES) Ciências Sociais Aplicadas AÇÕES ESTRATÉGICAS DE INTERESSE DA ESTRATÉGIA NACIONAL DE DEFESA (END) ÁREA DE CONCENTRAÇÃO (CAPES) Excelência do ensino nas Forças Armadas, no que diz respeito à metodologia e à atualização em relação às modernas táticas e estratégias de emprego de meios militares, incluindo o uso de concepções próprias, adequadas aos ambientes operacionais de provável emprego; promover a valorização da profissão militar de forma compatível com seu papel na sociedade brasileira, assim como fomentar o recrutamento, a seleção, o desenvolvimento e a permanência de quadros civis, para contribuir com o esforço de defesa; o recrutamento dos quadros profissionais das Forças Armadas deverá ser representativo de todas as classes sociais. A carreira militar será valorizada pela criação de atrativos compatíveis com as características peculiares da profissão; excelência do Ensino nas Forças Armadas no que diz respeito à metodologia e à atualização em relação às modernas táticas e estratégias de emprego de meios militares. Psicologia Infra-Estrutura: compatilibilizar os atuais os atuais esforços governamentais de aceleração do crescimento com as necessidades da Defesa Nacional Arquitetura e Urbanismo Contribuir para a valorização dos recursos humanos. Contribuir para a potencialização dos recursos humanos empregados em operações de manutenção de paz. Contribuir para a motivação dos recursos humanos e efetiva capacitação operacional. Valorização da profissão de militar. Serviço Social LINHAS DE PESQUISA Processos Sociocognitivos e Psicossociais; Praticas e representações sociais do trabalho em equipe; Trauma e representação social; A psicologia na Marinha do Brasil; Mitos familiares e escolha profissional Conforto Ambiental Avaliação de Políticas Sociais; Sujeitos Sociais e proteção social; Serviço Social e participação em missões de paz; Orientação Social nos processos de transferência para reserva ou aposentadoria; Serviço Social e educação financeira no contexto familiar; Serviço Social e Pesquisa de Mensuração do Nível de Satisfação do Pessoal; e Serviço Social e Humanização. GEOPOLÍTICA E DEFESA ÁREAS DE CONHECIMENTO (CAPES) AÇÕES ESTRATÉGICAS DE INTERESSE DA ESTRATÉGIA NACIONAL DE DEFESA (END) Ampliar nos currículos de formação militar, disciplinas relativas a noções de Direitos Humanos. ÁREA DE CONCENTRAÇÃO (CAPES) Direito Público Direito Público Possibilitar a oferta de mão de obra adequada aos novos meios tecnológicos da defesa 3HVVRDO7HPSRUiULR Ciências Sociais Aplicadas Defesa Nacional Excelência do ensino nas Forças Armadas, no que diz respeito à metodologia e à atualização em relação às modernas táticas e estratégias de emprego de meios militares, incluindo o uso de concepções próprias, adequadas aos ambientes operacionais de provável emprego; promover a valorização da profissão militar de forma compatível com seu papel na sociedade brasileira, assim como fomentar o recrutamento, a seleção, o desenvolvimento e a permanência de quadros civis, para contribuir com o esforço de defesa; o recrutamento dos quadros profissionais das Forças Armadas deverá ser representativo de todas as classes sociais. A carreira militar será valorizada pela criação de atrativos compatíveis com as características peculiares da profissão; excelência do Ensino nas Forças Armadas no que diz respeito à metodologia e à atualização em relação às modernas táticas e estratégias de emprego de meios militares. Estudos sobre Segurança, Defesa Nacional e Estratégia Nacional. Administração Psicologia Liderança Defesa Nacional 389 LINHAS DE PESQUISA Acesso a Justiça e Efetividade do Processo Direitos Fundamentais e Novos Direitos Estado, Empresa, Tributação e Responsabilização Civil, Penal e Administrativa Direitos Humanos, Cidadania e Democracia Direito, Estado e Dimensão Internacional Gestão de Pessoas por Competências Balance Scored Card Avaliação de Desempenho Processos Sociocognitivos e Psicossociais; Praticas e representações sociais do trabalho em equipe; Trauma e representação social; A psicologia na Marinha do Brasil; Mitos familiares e escolha profissional Técnicas de Liderança; Consciência Ética e formação militar; Direito Internacional Humanitário; Capitação de Liderança; Inteligência Emocional e Liderança; Doutrinas Marítima e Naval; Operações Militares; Planejamento Militar; Jogos de Guerra e de Crise; Doutrina de Comando e Controle; Logística Militar e Naval 390 GEOPOLÍTICA E DEFESA ÁREAS DE CONHECIMENTO (CAPES) AÇÕES ESTRATÉGICAS DE INTERESSE DA ESTRATÉGIA NACIONAL DE DEFESA (END) ÁREA DE CONCENTRAÇÃO (CAPES) LINHAS DE PESQUISA Política Relações Internacionais Estratégia Segurança Nacional Operações Militares Arte Operacional Tática Operações Anfíbias Operações Expedicionárias Operações de Paz Operações de Evacuação de Não-Combatentes Segurança Nacional Operações Militares Operações Humanitárias Operações Ribeirinhas Defesa Nacional Promover maior integração dos setores civis governamentais na discussão dos temas ligados à defesa, assim como a participação efetiva da sociedade brasileira, por intermédio do meio acadêmico e de institutos e entidades ligados aos assuntos estratégicos de defesa Contribuir para o incremento do nível de Segurança Nacional Ciência e Tecnologia Mensuração de eficiência em sistemas logísticos. Gestão e Logística Desenvolvimento da indústria de operadores logísticos no Brasil. Estratégia de Operações. Administração Pública, Defesa e Seguridade Social. Tecnologia da Defesa Nacional Segurança de Aviação e Aeronavegabilidade Continuada. Segurança de Aviação e Aeronavegabilidade Continuada Apoio logístico integrado Gerência de projeto Direito Aprimorar a capacitação dos integrantes das FFAA com noções de direito. Direito Internacional Direito Marítmo GEOPOLÍTICA E DEFESA ÁREAS DE CONHECIMENTO (CAPES) AÇÕES ESTRATÉGICAS DE INTERESSE DA ESTRATÉGIA NACIONAL DE DEFESA (END) ÁREA DE CONCENTRAÇÃO (CAPES) Área Ambiental Interação do ambiente marinho e fluvial com meios navais; Engenharia Naval Processos litorâneos atuantes em sistee Oceânica mas costeiros e estuarinos; e Controle de corrosão em plataformas e estruturas navais. Armamentos inteligentes, como mísseis, bombas e torpedos, dentre outros. Equipamentos e plataformas GHJXHUUDHOHWU{QLFD Engenharias 391 Controle de área marítima, Defesa de Plataformas de petróleo, Defesa de Instalações navais e portuárias Defesa de ilhas e arquipélagos em águas territoriais brasileiras; Negação do Uso do mar; Monitoração e Controle da Águas Jurisdicionais brasileiras; e Operações Internacionais de Paz e projeções de poder sobre terra. Controle de área marítima, Defesa de Plataformas de petróleo, Defesa de Instalações navais e portuárias Defesa de ilhas e arquipélagos em águas territoriais brasileiras; Negação do Uso do mar; Monitoração e Controle da Águas Jurisdicionais brasileiras; e Operações Internacionais de Paz e projeções de poder sobre terra LINHAS DE PESQUISA Instrumentação (OHWU{QLFD Comunicação acústica submarina Instrumentação acústica Instrumentação Oceanográfica Processamento de sinais acústicos submarinos Engenharia Elétrica, Engenharia Mecânica e Engenharia de Produção. Metrologia Dimensional; Estruturas Mecânicas; Medição de Seção Reta Radar; Lançadores de Despistadores Engenharia de Produção Aplicações da Pesquisa Operacional à Avaliação Operacional de meios e ao Desempenho e Otimização de Sistemas Logísticos, Administrativos e Operativos; Processos Estocásticos e Teoria das Filas; -Programação Linear; Programação Não-Linear, Mista e Dinâmica; -Teoria dos Grafos; Teoria dos Jogos. Teoria dos Grafos e Teoria dos Jogos aplicadas ao Desenvolvimento de Tática e seus Procedimentos Operativos Engenharia de Produção Teoria dos Grafos Teoria dos Jogos aplicados ao Apoio à Decisão 392 GEOPOLÍTICA E DEFESA ÁREAS DE CONHECIMENTO (CAPES) AÇÕES ESTRATÉGICAS DE INTERESSE DA ESTRATÉGIA NACIONAL DE DEFESA (END) ÁREA DE CONCENTRAÇÃO (CAPES) LINHAS DE PESQUISA 2SWU{QLFD)RWRVVHQVRUHV Processamento de Imagens (Espectro Ciência e Tecnologia 9LVtYHO Fomentar a pesquisa de materiais, equipamentos e sistemas Processamento de Imagens (Espectro Engenharia militares e civis que compati(OpWULFD(OHWU{QLFD ,QIUDYHUPHOKR bilize as prioridades científicoSistemas Inerciais (Agulhas Giroscópitecnológicas com as necessiFDV dades de defesa. Acústica Submarina (Sonares Ativos e 3DVVLYRV Construção Civil Infra-Estrutura: compatilibilizar os atuais os atuais esforços governamentais de aceleração do crescimento com as necessidades da Defesa Nacional Engenharia Civil Engenharia de Edificações e Ambiental Engenharia de Edificações e Saneamento Geotécnica e Transportes Engenharia de Estrutura Habitação: Planejamento e Tecnologia Engenharias Engenharia Costeira e Portuária Engenharia de Custos Monitoração e Controle das Águas Jurisdicionais Brasi- Engenharia Naval Acústica Submarina e Instrumentação leiras / Desenvolvimento de e Oceânica Oceanográfica. Meios Navais Equipamentos e plataformas GH*XHUUD(OHWU{QLFD Equipamentos e plataformas GH*XHUUD(OHWU{QLFD MAGE e CME; Detectores infravermelhos; Emprego de dispositivos foW{QLFRV HP *XHUUD (OHWU{QLFD (sensores de alta sensibilidaGH Engenharia Elétrica Medição de seção reta radar. Engenharia Elétrica Receptores e transmissores em microondas; Processamento de sinais radar; Processamento de sinais e imagens; 6LVWHPDVSDVVLYRVGH*XHUUD(OHWU{QLFD 0$*((/,17 6LVWHPDV DWLYRV GH *XHUUD (OHWU{QLFD &0( Detecção, identificação e classificação de sinais; e Métodos de processamento de imagens infravermelhas. GEOPOLÍTICA E DEFESA ÁREAS DE CONHECIMENTO (CAPES) AÇÕES ESTRATÉGICAS DE INTERESSE DA ESTRATÉGIA NACIONAL DE DEFESA (END) ÁREA DE CONCENTRAÇÃO (CAPES) 393 LINHAS DE PESQUISA Sistemas digitais operativos não embarcados, nos níveis estratégico e tático Sistemas robóticos, automáticos ou operados remotamente Sistemas digitais administrativos corporativos Sistemas de gestão do conhecimento Sistemas de apoio à gestão estratégica Engenharia de software Banco de dados Engenharia da produção, Engenharia de software, Engenharia de sistemas Cibernética (Tecnologia da ,QIRUPDomRH Comunicações Sistemas e algoritmos criptográficos Análise criptográfica Ferramentas de apoio à Guerra Cibernética Sistemas de topologia de redes Integração de arquiteturas de sistemas de comunicação por meio de links de dados que permitam a interoperabilidade de sistemas heterogêneos Engenharias Modalidades de modulação, códigos e algoritmos Desempenho de sistemas de comunicação Governança de TI Equipamentos e plataformas GHJXHUUDHOHWU{QLFD Engenharia Elétrica. Receptores e Transmissores em Microondas; Processamento de Sinais Radar; e Simulação e Testes de Equipamentos. *XHUUD(OHWU{QLFD Engenharia Elétrica Comunicações baseadas em picosatélites. Produtos Naturais Desenvolvimento de tintas anti-incrustantes à base de biocidas naturais. Engenharia Química Materiais absorvedores de radiação eletromagnética. Engenharia Elétrica Desenvolvimento de técnicas de interferência; bloqueio / despistamento de comunicações e radar; Processamento de sinais de comunicação; e Desenvolvimento de sistemas de prediomRGHUHIUDWLYLGDGH$5(36 Material Plataformas, mísseis, radar. Sensores e Sistemas de GuerUD (OHWU{QLFD EDVHDGRV HP softwares (rádios e bloqueaGRUHV 394 GEOPOLÍTICA E DEFESA ÁREAS DE CONHECIMENTO (CAPES) AÇÕES ESTRATÉGICAS DE INTERESSE DA ESTRATÉGIA NACIONAL DE DEFESA (END) ÁREA DE CONCENTRAÇÃO (CAPES) Prontidão para resposta de ameaças não convencionais às vias marítimas e Monitoração e Controle da Águas Jurisdicionais brasileiras. Engenharia de Produção Prontidão para resposta de ameaças não convencionais às vias marítimas e Monitoração e Controle da Águas Jurisdicionais brasileiras. Engenharia de Produção LINHAS DE PESQUISA Pesquisa Operacional. Pesquisa Operacional Processos Estocásticos e Teorias da Filas Programação Linear, Não-Linear, Mista e Dinâmica Séries Temporais Teoria dos Grafos Teoria dos Jogos Engenharia Cartográfica Engenharias Radar. Veículos Blindados. Armamentos inteligentes, como mísseis, bombas e torpedos, dentre outros. Engenharia Cartográfica Engenharia de Materiais e Metalúrgica, Engenharia Química. Materiais Absorvedores de Radiação Eletromagnética; Cerâmicas Piezoelétricas e Estruturais; Propelentes e Pirotécnicos; e Caracterização de Materiais. Sistema de comando e controle e de segurança das informações. Radar. Engenharia Elétrica e Engenharia Mecânica. Sistemas de Controle Tático; Simuladores de Treinamento; Fusão de Dados; Automação e Controle de Máquinas; Link de Dados; e Distribuição de Vídeo Radar por ProtocoORGH,QWHUQHW,3 Submarinos convencionais e de propulsão nuclear. Armamentos inteligentes, como mísseis, bombas e torpedos, dentre outros. Engenharia Elétrica e Engenharia Mecânica. Propagação Acústica Submarina; Processamento de Sinais Acústicos; e Projeto, Desenvolvimento, Produção e Calibração de Transdutores. Veículos Aéreos não tripulados 9$17 Desenvolvimento de tecnologias de guiamento remoto, sobretudo sistemas inerciais. Engenharia Elétrica e Engenharia Mecânica. Testes de Sensores Inerciais; Algoritmos de Navegação Inercial; e Projeto de Centrais Inerciais. GEOPOLÍTICA E DEFESA ÁREAS DE CONHECIMENTO (CAPES) AÇÕES ESTRATÉGICAS DE INTERESSE DA ESTRATÉGIA NACIONAL DE DEFESA (END) ÁREA DE CONCENTRAÇÃO (CAPES) 395 LINHAS DE PESQUISA Engenharia Eletromagnetismo Aplicado (Dispositi(OpWULFD(OHWU{QLFD YRVGH0LFURRQGDV Engenharia Eletromagnetismo Aplicado (Antenas Ciência e Tecnologia (OpWULFD(OHWU{QLFD 3KDVHG$UUD\ Fomentar a pesquisa de mateEletromagnetismo Aplicado riais, equipamentos e sistemas Engenharia (Amplificadores de Potência de Microonmilitares e civis que compati(OpWULFD(OHWU{QLFD GDVHP(VWDGR6yOLGR bilize as prioridades científicotecnológicas com as necessiEngenharia (OHWURPDJQHWLVPR $SOLFDGR 5) ² )RW{dades de defesa. (OpWULFD(OHWU{QLFD QLFRV Engenharia Processamento de Sinais (Métodos de Seg(OpWULFD(OHWU{QLFD PHQWDomRH6HSDUDomRGH6LQDLV Processamento de Sinais (Métodos de &ODVVLILFDomRGH6LQDLV Engenharias Processamento de Sinais )LOWUDJHP$GDSWDWLYD Engenharia (OpWULFD(OHWU{QLFD 3URFHVVDPHQWRGH6LQDLV5DGDU Ciência e Tecnologia Fomentar a pesquisa de mate3URFHVVDPHQWRGH6LQDLV6RQDU riais, equipamentos e sistemas militares e civis que compatiProcessamento de Sinais (Análise de bilize as prioridades científico0RYLPHQWRGH$OYRV tecnológicas com as necessiEngenharia de dades de defesa. Computação de Alto Desempenho Computação Engenharia Química Desmilitarização de Artefatos Explosivos Engenharia Química Ciência dos Materiais Explosivos Engenharia de Automação e Controle/ 0HFDWU{QLFD Controle, Automação e Robótica (RobóWLFD6XEPDULQD Projeto de navios de superfície e submarinos Engenharias Ciência e Tecnologia Fomentar a pesquisa de mate- Engenharia Naval riais, equipamentos e sistemas Engenharia militares e civis que compatiMecânica bilize as prioridades científicoEngenharia tecnológicas com as necessiElétrica dades de defesa. Engenharia Química/de Materiais Hidrodinâmica Otimização de processos de soldagem Análise dinâmica de estruturas navais Propulsão “fuel cell” &RPEXVWtYHLVDOWHUQDWLYRVELRGLHVHO 'HVVDOLQL]DGRURVPRVHUHYHUVD Proteção ambiental (separador de água e óleo e unidade de tratamento de águas VHUYLGDV 396 GEOPOLÍTICA E DEFESA ÁREAS DE CONHECIMENTO (CAPES) AÇÕES ESTRATÉGICAS DE INTERESSE DA ESTRATÉGIA NACIONAL DE DEFESA (END) ÁREA DE CONCENTRAÇÃO (CAPES) LINHAS DE PESQUISA Controle da emissão de poluentes Controle de assinatura térmica Fomentar a pesquisa de materiais, equipamentos e sistemas militares e civis que compatibilize as prioridades científicotecnológicas com as necessidades de defesa. Engenharia Naval Engenharia Mecânica Engenharia Elétrica Engenharia Química/de Materiais Manutenção preditiva Sistema de controle da propulsão/auxiliares Propulsão diesel-elétrica Sistema de proteção magnética (deJDXVVLQJ Compatibilidade eletromagnética Corrosão Materiais compósitos Engenharia Naval Materiais polímeros Engenharia Mecânica Engenharia Elétrica Tintas anti-incrustantes Engenharia Química/de Materiais Engenharias Ciência e Tecnologia Teleinformática Fomentar a pesquisa de materiais, equipamentos e sistemas militares e civis que compatibilize as prioridades científicotecnológicas com as necessidades de defesa. Comunicações Móveis Comunicações Digitais Comunicações por Satélites Engenharia Elétrica (ênfase em TelecomuniFDo}HV (OHWURPDJQHWLVPR$SOLFDGR$QWHQDV Eletromagnetismo Aplicado (InterferênFLD&RPSDWLELOLGDGH(OHWURPDJQpWLFD Monitoramento do Espectro EletromagQpWLFR*XHUUD(OHWU{QLFD Processamento de Sinais Rádio definido por Software GEOPOLÍTICA E DEFESA ÁREAS DE CONHECIMENTO (CAPES) AÇÕES ESTRATÉGICAS DE INTERESSE DA ESTRATÉGIA NACIONAL DE DEFESA (END) ÁREA DE CONCENTRAÇÃO (CAPES) Fomentar a pesquisa de materiais, equipamentos e sistemas militares e civis que compatibilize as prioridades científicotecnológicas com as necessidades de defesa (propulsão QXFOHDU Material metálico para uso no núcleo de reatores nucleares (revestimento, combustível e barras de controle e segurança). Contenção e dispositivos de segurança Engenharia para reatores nucleares. Nuclear Materiais Penetrações elétricas da contenção de reatores nucleares. Cabos elétricos para uso interno à contenção de reatores nucleares (exposição jUDGLDomR Engenharias Ciência e Tecnologia Fomentar a pesquisa de materiais, equipamentos e sistemas militares e civis que compatibilize as prioridades científicotecnológicas com as necessidades de defesa (propulsão QXFOHDU Engenharias: de Materiais e Metalúrgica, de Produção, Elétrica, Mecânica. 397 Ciência e Tecnologia, Indústria de Material de Defesa LINHAS DE PESQUISA Engenharia Nuclear Termo hidráulica Modelagem e simulação de processo termo hidráulico de reatores nucleares. Engenharias Nuclear e Elétrica Sensores, processamento de sinais, sistemas e energia. Detectores de nêutrons para medição de fluxo neutrônico interno e externo de reatores nucleares de potência e tratamento de sinais elétricos. Sistemas de controle e proteção de reatores nucleares. Modelagem e simulação de reatores nucleares. Conversão de energia: produção de hidrogênio a partir de energia elétrica provida por usinas nucleares. Engenharias de Materiais e Metalúrgica Engenharias de Produção Engenharia Elétrica Engenharia Mecânica Sistemas de detecção, de discrição, de SURWHomRGHDWDTXHHOHWU{QLFRHGHFRQtramedidas eletromagnéticas, visando à *XHUUD(OHWU{QLFDGHXVRGR&)1 Sistemas infravermelhos, eletroóticos e RSWU{QLFRV GH GHWHFomR GH GLVFULomR H de contramedidas Desenvolvimento de componentes de sistemas magnéticos, elétricos, eletromagnéticos e óticos 398 GEOPOLÍTICA E DEFESA ÁREAS DE CONHECIMENTO (CAPES) AÇÕES ESTRATÉGICAS DE INTERESSE DA ESTRATÉGIA NACIONAL DE DEFESA (END) ÁREA DE CONCENTRAÇÃO (CAPES) LINHAS DE PESQUISA Medição de seção reta radar e de imagem infravermelha Desenvolvimento de Sensores Desenvolvimento de Veículos Não Tripulados Engenharias: de Materiais e Metalúrgica, de Produção, Elétrica, Mecânica. Ciência e Tecnologia, Indústria de Material de Defesa Engenharias de Materiais e Metalúrgica Engenharias de Produção Engenharia Elétrica Engenharia Mecânica Avaliação Operacional de Sensores Avaliação Operacional de Sistemas de Armas Desenvolvimento de Equipagem Modular Individual, incluindo armamento, capacete e equipamentos de comunicações Avaliação Operacional de Equipagem Modular Individual, incluindo armamento, capacete e equipamentos de comunicações Desenvolvimento de Armamento Nãoletal Desenvolvimento de sistemas de sensoriamento remoto Ciência e Tecnologia Arquitetura naval e plataformas Modelagem e simulação em hidrodinâmica para predição e análise de resistência à propulsão e de comportamento no mar de plataformas anfíbias Plataformas de armas e de transporte, terrestres e anfíbias, para emprego nas Operações Navais Engenharias: de Materiais e Metalúrgica, Elétrica, Mecânica, Nuclear, Química. Formas de casco e de propulsores para embarcações ribeirinhas, submarinos e plataformas anfíbias Predição de seção reta radar e imagem infravermelha Ciência e Tecnologia Arquitetura naval e plataformas Assinatura eletromagnética e térmica Sistemas de prevenção, contenção e controle de avarias NBQ em áreas e instalações Veículos autopropulsados não tripulados Engenharias: Ciência e Tecnologia Mecânica, Elétrica Energia Sistemas de propulsão de viaturas GEOPOLÍTICA E DEFESA ÁREAS DE CONHECIMENTO (CAPES) AÇÕES ESTRATÉGICAS DE INTERESSE DA ESTRATÉGIA NACIONAL DE DEFESA (END) ÁREA DE CONCENTRAÇÃO (CAPES) 399 LINHAS DE PESQUISA Materiais atenuadores ou absorvedores de energias cinética Materiais energéticos, especialmente propelentes sólidos, explosivos e composições pirotécnicas Materiais cerâmicos Uniformes e seus componentes, com características especiais Engenharias: Nuclear, Química, Ciência e Tecnologia de Materiais e Metalúrgica Materiais compósitos e polímeros, em especial fibra de carbono Materiais Especiais Materiais resilientes Soldagem de materiais dissimilares Ligas metálicas de alta resistência Óleos fluorados Proteção balística Proteção NBQ Proteção radiológica Pintura anti-reflexiva para emissão infravermelha Promover maior integração e participação dos setores civis/ governamentais na discussão dos temas ligados a defesa asLinguística, Letras sim como a participação efetiva da sociedade brasileira, por e Artes intermédio do meio acadêmico e de institutos e de entidades ligados aos assuntos estratégicos de defesa. Português Identidade Contemporânea; Poesia Contemporânea; Redação do Vestibular; Lingüística; Ensino de Português a distância; História da Ortografia; Produção textual; Representação de trabalho pela imagem e palavra; Ensino da língua portuguesa versos gêneros discursivos; Papel da mãe no incentivo a leitura; Uso de orações concessivas Atualização de gênero discursivo. 400 GEOPOLÍTICA E DEFESA ÁREAS DE CONHECIMENTO (CAPES) AÇÕES ESTRATÉGICAS DE INTERESSE DA ESTRATÉGIA NACIONAL DE DEFESA (END) Promover maior integração e participação dos setores civis/ governamentais na discussão dos temas ligados a defesa asLinguística, Letras sim como a participação efetiva da sociedade brasileira, por e Artes intermédio do meio acadêmico e de institutos e de entidades ligados aos assuntos estratégicos de defesa. Multidisciplinar ÁREA DE CONCENTRAÇÃO (CAPES) LINHAS DE PESQUISA Inglês Modernismo; Linguística aplicada a Língua Inglesa; Gramática da Língua Inglesa; Problemas de linguagem e aprendizagem da língua inglesa; Necessidade de leitura; Dificuldade do ensino de línguas; Interculturalidade no ensino de inglês; Produção escrita do estudante de língua estrangeira Uso do Webquest no ensino online Estratégia docentes no ensino online. 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YH]HVVHPRGHYLGRFRPSURPHWLPHQWRGDREMHWLYLGDGHTXHGHYHULDVHUXWLOL]DGRSDUDMXOJDU FRQWUDWRVHWHUPRVGHFRRSHUDomR2EYLDPHQWHHVVDOHQWLGmRFRQWUDVWDFRPSOHWDPHQWHFRP RVSUD]RVHQHFHVVLGDGHGHUDSLGH]GHJHUDUUHVXOWDGRVGRVSURMHWRVGHSHVTXLVDV A Constituição Federal de 1988 conferiu ao Tribunal de Contas da União (TCU) o papel de auxiliar o Congresso Nacional no exercício do controle externo. É reconhecida DUHOHYkQFLDGHVVHyUJmRSDUDH[HUFHUD¿VFDOL]DomRFRQWiELO¿QDQFHLUDRUoDPHQWiULD operacional e patrimonial da União e das entidades da administração direta e indireta. Qualquer pessoa física ou jurídica, pública ou privada, que utilize, arrecade, guarde, gerencie ou administre dinheiros, bens e valores públicos ou pelos quais a União responda, ou que, em nome desta, tem o dever de prestar contas ao TCU2EYLDPHQWHRVUHFXUVRV LQFOXHPWRGRVRVYDORUHVS~EOLFRVLQFOXLQGRRVGDVDJHQFLDV¿QDQFLDGRUDVGHHQVLQRGH 3yV*UDGXDomRRXGH3HVTXLVD1DWXUDOPHQWHR7&8GHYHVHUFRPSUHHQGLGRFRPRDWRU ¿VFDOL]DGRUUHOHYDQWHSDUDTXDOTXHUDomRGHSODQHMDPHQWRGD3yV*UDGXDomRH3HVTXLVD 1RHQWDQWRDLQWHUSUHWDomRUHVWULWLYDTXHHVVHyUJmRDSOLFDDRXVRGHUHFXUVRVHPSHVTXLVDV FRPRVHIRVVHRXVRGHVVHVUHFXUVRVHPRXWUDViUHDVGHDSOLFDomRWHPUHVXOWDGRHPXP HVWUDQJXODPHQWRGDVDWLYLGDGHVGHSHVTXLVDVHP,&7VH8QLYHUVLGDGHV &RQVWLWXLomR)HGHUDOQRVHX$UWLJRFLWD Constituem objetivos fundamentais da República Federativa do Brasil: I - construir uma sociedade livre, justa e solidária; II - garantir o desenvolvimento nacional; III - erradicar a pobreza e a marginalização e reduzir as desigualdades sociais e regionais; IV - promover o bem de todos, sem preconceitos de origem, raça, sexo, cor, idade e quaisquer outras formas de discriminação. e GH FRQKHFLPHQWR TXH D HGXFDomR FLrQFLD H D WHFQRORJLD VmR D PHOKRU IRUPD SURSRUFLRQDU R GHVHQYROYLPHQWR (ODV VmR D IRUPD PDLV IiFLO FRQVWUXLU XPD VRFLHGDGH PDLVMXVWDHVROLGiULDHUHGX]LUDSREUH]DHPDUJLQDOL]DomRGHQDo}HV9iULRVSDtVHVKRMH GHVHQYROYLGRV DWUDYpV GH VXD KLVWyULD GH DOJXPD IRUPD FRQ¿UPDP HVVD WHVH $SHVDU GHKDYHUXPHQWHQGLPHQWRFRPXPSDUDHVWDTXHVWmRDo}HVPDLVLQFLVLYDVSRGHULDPVHU WUDEDOKDGDV&RQWXGRD/HLHDOHJLVODomRFRPSOHPHQWDUDVVRFLDGDVjLQWHUSUHWDomR UHVWULWLYDGR7&8LPS}HPUHVWULo}HVVHYHUDVSDUDDVDo}HVGHHQVLQRHSHVTXLVDTXHVmR QHFHVViULDVSDUDRSOHQRGHVHQYROYLPHQWR 'HVVDIRUPDpGHQRVVRHQWHQGLPHQWRTXHXPDUHIRUPXODomRGDOHJLVODomRH[LVWHQWH RXXPDQRYDOHJLVODomRpQHFHVViULD(VVDOHJLVODomRGHYHULDFRQVLGHUDUDVQHFHVVLGDGHVH UHSRQVDELOLGDGHVGRVYiULRVDWRUHVDH[HUFHURVVHXVSDSpLV$OHJLVODomRGHYHULDFRQVLGHUDU 406 GEOPOLÍTICA E DEFESA DVQHFHVVLGDGHVGDVRFLHGDGHHGR(VWDGR(ODGHYHULDVHUDPLJiYHODRVDWRUHVGDFDGHLD SULQFLSDO FRPR DV XQLYHUVLGDGHV RV LQVWLWXWRV GH SHVTXLVDV DV DJrQFLDV ¿QDQFLDGRUDV HPSUHVDVHIXQGDo}HVHPWHUPRVEXURFUiWLFRV(DRPHVPRWHPSRSDVVtYHOGH¿VFDOL]DomR SHOR7&8FRPRPHVPRULJRUTXHHPTXDOTXHUXVRGHUHFXUVRS~EOLFR Áreas de Pesquisa de interesse da Defesa cujo ITA pode atuar 1. Guerra Eletrônica 'H¿QHVH *XHUUD (OHWU{QLFD FRPR R FRQMXQWR GH Do}HV TXH XWLOL]DP D HQHUJLD HOHWURPDJQpWLFD SDUD GHVWUXLU QHXWUDOL]DU RX UHGX]LU D FDSDFLGDGH GH FRPEDWH LQLPLJD EXVFDPWLUDUSURYHLWRGRXVRGRHVSHFWURHOHWURPDJQpWLFRSHORRSRQHQWHHDLQGDYLVDPD DVVHJXUDURHPSUHJRH¿FLHQWHGDVHPLVV}HVHOHWURPDJQpWLFDVSUySULDV 1.1 Análise e desenvolvimento de sensores de rádio frequencia (RF):ÈUHDTXHVH GHVWLQDDRHVWXGRDQiOLVHLQYHVWLJDomRHGHVHQYROYLPHQWRGHVHQVRUHVGH5)WDLVFRPR 5DGDU:DUQLQJ 5HFHLYHUV 5:5 UDGDUHV IRWRGHWHFWRUHV DQDOLVDGRUHV GH HVSHFWUR SDUD 0HGLGDV GH $SRLR D *XHUUD (OHWU{QLFD 0$*( H ,QWHOLJrQFLD (OHWU{QLFD (/,17 7HFQRORJLDV GH VHQVRUHV XWLOL]DGRV HP VLVWHPDV GH GHIHVD GDV SODWDIRUPDV GDV )RUoDV $UPDGDVDHURQDYHVQDYLRVPtVVHLVHWFVmRHVWXGDGDVMXQWDPHQWHFRPDSURVSHFomRGH QRYDVWHFQRORJLDVVXDVSRWHQFLDOLGDGHVHDSOLFDELOLGDGHHPVLVWHPDVQDFLRQDLVVXSRUWDGDV pelo desenvolvimento e implementação de demonstradores de conceito e laboratórios de PHGLGDV 1.2 Análise e desenvolvimento de sensores Infravermelhos (IV):ÈUHDTXHVHGHVWLQD DRHVWXGRDQiOLVHLQYHVWLJDomRHGHVHQYROYLPHQWRGHVHQVRUHVLQIUDYHUPHOKRVWDLVFRPR IRWRGHWHWRUHVDSRoRVTXkQWLFRVIRWRGLRGRVquantum cascade detectorsHPLFURERO{PHWURV 7HFQRORJLDVDVVRFLDGDVWDPEpPVmRDERUGDGDVWDLVFRPRFLUFXLWRVLQWHJUDGRVGHOHLWXUD FLUFXLWRVGHLPDJHDPHQWRyWLFDGHIRFDOL]DomRHHQFDSOXODPHQWRDEDL[DVWHPSHUDWXUDV 7HFQRORJLDV GH VHQVRUHV XWLOL]DGRV HP VLVWHPDV GH GHIHVD GDV SODWDIRUPDV GDV )RUoDV $UPDGDVDHURQDYHVQDYLRVPtVVHLVHWFVmRHVWXGDGDVMXQWDPHQWHFRPDSURVSHFomRGH QRYDVWHFQRORJLDVVXDVSRWHQFLDOLGDGHVHDSOLFDELOLGDGHHPVLVWHPDVQDFLRQDLVVXSRUWDGDV pelo desenvolvimento e implementação de demonstradores de conceito e laboratórios de PHGLGDV 1.3 Análise e predição de assinaturas de alvos militares: ÈUHD TXH VH GHVWLQD j LQYHVWLJDomRHSUHGLomRGHHPLVV}HVQDVIDL[DVGH5),5H89GHDOYRVPLOLWDUHV0pWRGRV GEOPOLÍTICA E DEFESA 407 GHPHGLGDWDLVFRPRUDGLRPHWULDHPFDPSRHUHÀHWRPHWULDHPFkPDUDVDQHFyLFDVEHP FRPRWpFQLFDVGHGLPLQXLomRHRWLPL]DomRGHHPLVV}HVWDLVFRPRXWLOL]DomRGHPDWHULDLV DEVRUYHGRUHV GH UDGLDomR VmR HVWXGDGDV $ DWLYLGDGH HQJORED D LPSOHPHQWDomR GH ODERUDWyULRHDUUDQMRVH[SHULPHQWDLVTXHVXSRUWDPDUHDOL]DomRGHPHGLGDVQRVRORHHP Y{RSULQFLSDOPHQWHGHDHURQDYHVHPtVVHLVGD)RUoD$pUHD%UDVLOHLUD 1.4 Tecnologia fotônica em sistemas de RF: ÈUHD TXH VH GHVWLQD DR HVWXGR H LQYHVWLJDomRGDVDSOLFDo}HVGDIRW{QLFDSDUDFRQWUROHGHVLVWHPDVHPLVVRUHVGH5)GHDOWD SRWrQFLD$SOLFDo}HVWDLVFRPRDQWHQDV3KDVHG$UUD\FRQWUROHUHPRWRGHDPSOL¿FDGRUHVGH SRWrQFLDPDQLSXODomRGHVLQDLVGH5)FRPSOH[RVHPIDL[DVGHIUHTrQFLDTXHDWLQJHPDWp RQGDVPLOLPpWULFDVVmRHVWXGDGDV3URMHWRVGHGHPRQVWUDGRUHVGHFRQFHLWRTXHVHDSOLFDP diretamente a estandes de Guerra Eletrônica, bem como a implementação de laboratório de VXSRUWHFRQVWLWXHPDSULQFLSDODWLYLGDGHGHVWDiUHDGHSHVTXLVD 1.5 Integração de sistemas embarcados:ÈUHDTXHVHGHVWLQDDRHVWXGRHXWLOL]DomR RWLPL]DGD GH EDUUDPHQWRV GH GDGRV WDLV FRPR 0,/67' % $5,1& &$1 %86 H (WKHUQHW SDUD LQWHJUDomR GH VLVWHPDV HPEDUFDGRV HP SODWDIRUPDV PLOLWDUHV 2 GHVHQYROYLPHQWR GH PHWRGRORJLDV GH WHVWH H LQWHJUDomR GH SURWyWLSRV VXD DYDOLDomR DQWHV GH VHUHP FHUWL¿FDGRV H DSOLFDGRV GHVHQYROYLPHQWR GH LQVWUXPHQWDomR YLUWXDO e monitoramento de sinais de barramento bem como a implementação de interfaces de LQWHJUDomRHRUHVSHFWLYRODERUDWyULRGHWHVWHVmRDVSULQFLSDLVDWLYLGDGHVGHVWDOLQKDGH SHVTXLVD 2. Comando e Controle 'H¿QHVH&RPDQGRH&RQWUROHFRPRRH[HUFtFLRGDDXWRULGDGHGR&RPDQGDQWHQD GLUHomRGHXPD)RUoDFRPD¿QDOLGDGHGHFXPSULUXPDPLVVmR$VIXQo}HVGH&RPDQGR H&RQWUROHVmRH[HFXWDGDVDWUDYpVGDJHUrQFLDGHSHVVRDOHTXLSDPHQWRVFRPXQLFDo}HV LQVWDODo}HVHSURFHGLPHQWRVHPSUHJDGRVSHOR&RPDQGDQWHSDUDSODQHMDUGLULJLUFRRUGHQDU HFRQWURODU)RUoDVHRSHUDo}HVQRFXPSULPHQWRGHXPDPLVVmR 2.1 Engenharia de Sistemas de Comando e Controle: ÈUHDTXHVHGHVWLQDDRHVWXGR H DR GHVHQYROYLPHQWR GH VLVWHPDV SDUD D DWLYLGDGH GH FRPDQGR H FRQWUROH9LVD SURYHU VLVWHPDV GH DSRLR j GHFLVmR j HVWUXWXUD GH FRPDQGR FRQVWUXtGRV VRE DV SUHPLVVDV GH UHVLOLrQFLDGLVWULEXLomRJHRJUi¿FDVHJXUDQoDGDVLQIRUPDo}HVHDGDSWDELOLGDGH(VVDiUHD 408 GEOPOLÍTICA E DEFESA WHPFRPRSULQFLSDLVWHPDVGHSHVTXLVD(QJHQKDULDGH6RIWZDUH$UTXLWHWXUDGH6RIWZDUH $UTXLWHWXUD2ULHQWDGDD6HUYLoRVSDUD6LVWHPDVGH&RPDQGRH&RQWUROHH(QODFHVGH'DGRV 7iWLFRV 2.2 Fusão de Dados: ÈUHD TXH VH GHVWLQD DR HVWXGR GH DOJRULWPRV RQWRORJLDV SURFHVVRV H VLVWHPDV TXH YLVHP j DTXLVLomR GD FRQVFLrQFLD VLWXDFLRQDO H SURVSHFomR GH FHQiULRVSDUDDSRLRjGHFLVmRQDVDo}HVPLOLWDUHVFRQGX]LGDVHPDPELHQWHRSHUDFLRQDO(VVD iUHDWHPFRPRSULQFLSDLVWHPDVGHSHVTXLVD (QJHQKDULDGH2QWRORJLDV:HE6HPkQWLFD $OJRULWPRVSDUD)XVmRGH'DGRVKnowledge Discovery e Data Mining, Redes de Sensores 6HP)LR(QODFHVGH'DGRV7iWLFRVSituation Assesment e Situation Awareness 2.3 Guerra Cibernética: ÈUHD TXH VH GHVWLQD DR HVWXGR H GHVHQYROYLPHQWR GH ferramentas de proteção aos sistemas de comando e controle bem como a produção de DJHQWHVSDUDDWDTXHVFLEHUQpWLFRVHPQyVGHUHGHRXVLVWHPDVFRQVLGHUDGRVKRVWLVjHVWUXWXUD PLOLWDUGHFRPDQGRHFRQWUROH(VVDiUHDWHPFRPRSULQFLSDLVWHPDVGHSHVTXLVDCyber War9tUXVH$QWL9tUXV6LVWHPDVGH'HWHFomRGH,QWUXVRV&ULSWRJUD¿DH6HJXUDQoDGD ,QIRUPDomR 2.4 Gestão do Conhecimento: ÈUHD TXH VH GHVWLQD DR HVWXGR H LQYHVWLJDomR GRV DVSHFWRV FRJQLWLYRV DVVRFLDGRV j DTXLVLomR DPDGXUHFLPHQWR H GLVVHPLQDomR GRV FRQKHFLPHQWRVDGTXLULGRVHPDWLYLGDGHVRSHUDFLRQDLVHDVXDVLVWHPDWL]DomR2EMHWLYDR HVWDEHOHFLPHQWRGHVLVWHPDVFRPSXWDFLRQDLVEDVHDGRVQRVSURFHVVRVTXHDSyLDPRFLFOR GH/Lo}HV$SUHQGLGDVQRFRQWH[WRRSHUDFLRQDO(VVDiUHDWHPFRPRSULQFLSDLVWHPDVGH SHVTXLVD$SUHQGL]DGR2QOLQH6LVWHPDVGH/Lo}HV$SUHQGLGDV:HE6HPkQWLFDH*HVWmR GR&RQKHFLPHQWR *HUHQFLDPHQWRGHSUREOHPDVFRPSOH[RVRXFDWDVWUy¿FRV ÈUHDTXHVHGHVWLQD DR HVWXGR H DR GHVHQYROYLPHQWR GH VLVWHPDV SDUD D DWLYLGDGH GH JHUHQFLDPHQWR GH SUREOHPDVPXLWRFRPSOH[RVTXHH[LJHPHVIRUoRVH[WUHPRVRXFRQWpPXPJUDQGHQ~PHUR GH DWRUHV H YDULiYHLV9LVD SURYHU VLVWHPDV GH DSRLR j GHFLVmR SDUD GLPLQXLU R FLFOR GH FRPDQGRHFRQWUROHHPFDVRGHFULVHVHFDWiVWURIHVFRQÀLWRVDUPDGRVJUDQGHVDFLGHQWHV WUDJpGLDVQDWXUDLVFRPRIXUDF}HVWHUUHPRWRVHHQFKHQWHVHWF'HYHPVHUGHVHQYROYLGRV PHFDQLVPRVGHVLPSOL¿FDomRHRWLPL]DomRGHUHFXUVRVItVLFRVHWHPSRUDLVFRQVWUXtGRVVRE DVSUHPLVVDVGHUHVLOLrQFLDGLVWULEXLomRJHRJUi¿FDVHJXUDQoDGDVLQIRUPDo}HVFDSDFLGDGH ORJtVWLFDHPRELOLGDGH(VVDiUHDWHPFRPRSULQFLSDLVWHPDVGHSHVTXLVD(QJHQKDULDGH 6RIWZDUH $UTXLWHWXUD GH 6RIWZDUH $UTXLWHWXUD 2ULHQWDGD D 6HUYLoRV SDUD 6LVWHPDV GH GEOPOLÍTICA E DEFESA 409 Comando e Controle e Sistemas de Comunicação, Gerenciamento de Crise e Modelamento GHSUREOHPDVFRPSOH[RV 3. Análise Operacional 'H¿QHVH$QiOLVH2SHUDFLRQDOFRPRDiUHDTXHIRUQHFHEDVHVPHWRGROyJLFDVDXPD )RUoD$UPDGDFDSDFLWDQGRDDLGHQWL¿FDUJUXSRVGHYDULiYHLVTXHDIHWDPRVSUREOHPDV LQHUHQWHV DRV WHDWURV GH JXHUUD GH IRUPD D PRGHOiORV HVWDWtVWLFD H PDWHPDWLFDPHQWH GLPHQVLRQiORVHFDUDFWHUL]iORVFRPYLVWDVjPHOKRUFRPSUHHQVmRJHUrQFLDHH[SORUDomR GHVVHVIHQ{PHQRV 3.1 Delineamento de Experimentos – DOE: ÈUHD TXH VH GHVWLQD DR HVWXGR GR FRQMXQWR GH HQVDLRV HVWDEHOHFLGR FRP FULWpULRV FLHQWt¿FRV H HVWDWtVWLFRV FRP R REMHWLYR GH GHWHUPLQDU D LQÀXrQFLD GH GLYHUVDV YDULiYHLV QRV UHVXOWDGRV GH XP GDGR VLVWHPD RX SURFHVVR$'2(pDSULQFLSDOIHUUDPHQWDXWLOL]DGDQDVDYDOLDo}HVRSHUDFLRQDLVUHDOL]DGDV SHOR&20*$5FXMRREMHWLYRpDYDOLDUDHIHWLYLGDGHHDDGHTXDELOLGDGHRSHUDFLRQDOGHXP VLVWHPDVREDVFRQGLo}HVPDLVXVXDLVGHRSHUDomR(VVDiUHDWHPFRPRSULQFLSDLVWHPDGH SHVTXLVDRHVWDEHOHFLPHQWRGH PHWRGRORJLDVGHDYDOLDomRRSHUDFLRQDO 3.2 Otimização e Estatística: ÈUHD TXH VH GHVWLQD j FRQVWUXomR DQiOLVH H DSOLFDomR GH PRGHORV PDWHPiWLFRV H HVWDWtVWLFRV GRV FHQiULRV RSHUDFLRQDLV EHP FRPR VHX GLPHQVLRQDPHQWR H FDUDFWHUL]DomR $ RWLPL]DomR GHVWHV PRGHORV GH HPSUHJR YLVD IRUQHFHU DRV FRPDQGDQWHV LQIRUPDo}HV GH EDVH TXDQWLWDWLYD SDUD VHUHP XWLOL]DGDV HP GHFLV}HVFRQFHUQHQWHVjVRSHUDo}HVVREVHXFRPDQGR(VVDiUHDWHPFRPRSULQFLSDLVWHPDV GHSHVTXLVDRHVWDEHOHFLPHQWRGHPRGHORVHVWDWtVWLFRV SDUDDQiOLVHGHFDPSDQKDQtYHLV RSHUDFLRQDOHHVWUDWpJLFRSDUDDQiOLVHWiWLFDHSDUDDQiOLVHGHVLQDLV 3.3 Simulação: ÈUHDTXHVHGHVWLQDDRHVWXGRHGHVHQYROYLPHQWRGHVLPXODGRUHVGH DPELHQWHHVWUDWpJLFRWiWLFRHRSHUDFLRQDOSDUDRVFHQiULRVPLOLWDUHV7HPFRPRREMHWLYR SULQFLSDO R HQWHQGLPHQWR GR UHODFLRQDPHQWR HQWUH DV SRVVtYHLV WiWLFDVHVWUDWpJLDV FRP VHXV UHVXOWDGRV QD SUHVHQoD GH YDULiYHLV DOHDWyULDV UHODFLRQDGDV FRP DV LQFHUWH]DV GR ambiente militar (fog of war2EMHWLYDWDPEpPDRWLPL]DomREDVHDGDQRVUHVXOWDGRVGD VLPXODomR GH WDLV WiWLFDVHVWUDWpJLDV (VVD iUHD WHP FRPR SULQFLSDLV WHPDV GH SHVTXLVD PRGHORVSDUDDQiOLVHGHFDPSDQKDQtYHLVRSHUDFLRQDOHHVWUDWpJLFRPRGHORVSDUDDQiOLVH WiWLFD VLPXODomR %95 VLPXODomR SDUD DX[tOLR DR SODQHMDPHQWR RSHUDFLRQDO VLPXODomR GH PHGLGDV GH DWDTXH HOHWU{QLFR VLPXODomR GH PHGLGDV GH DSRLR GH JXHUUD HOHWU{QLFD VLPXODomRGHPHGLGDVGHSURWHomRHOHWU{QLFDVLPXODomRUDGDU 410 GEOPOLÍTICA E DEFESA 3.4 Apoio à Decisão: ÈUHD TXH VH GHVWLQD DR HVWXGR H LQYHVWLJDomR GRV DVSHFWRV FRJQLWLYRVDVVRFLDGRVjVGHFLV}HVKXPDQDVDVVLPFRPRGDVWpFQLFDVFLHQWt¿FDVGHDSRLR j GHFLVmR PXOWLFULWpULR 2EMHWLYD R HVWDEHOHFLPHQWR GH SURFHVVRV EDVHDGRV HP VLVWHPDV computacionais para apoiar a solução de um problema militar não estruturado visando DSHUIHLoRDU D WRPDGD GH GHFLVmR (VVD iUHD WHP FRPR SULQFLSDLV WHPDV GH SHVTXLVD HVWDEHOHFLPHQWRGHPRGHORVSDUDDQiOLVHGHFDPSDQKDQtYHLVRSHUDFLRQDOHHVWUDWpJLFRH VLPXODomRSDUDDX[tOLRDRSODQHMDPHQWRRSHUDFLRQDO 4. Armamento Aéreo 'H¿QHVH$UPDPHQWR$pUHRQRFRQWH[WRGR,7$FRPRDiUHDTXHFRPSUHHQGHRV FRQKHFLPHQWRV QHFHVViULRV j SHVTXLVD GHVHQYROYLPHQWR H JHUHQFLDPHQWR GH DUWHIDWRV H VLVWHPDVEpOLFRVSDUDDSOLFDomRHP'HIHVD$pUHD 4.1 Fusão de sensores: ÈUHD TXH VH GHVWLQD DR HVWXGR H LPSOHPHQWDomR GH IXVmR GH VHQVRUHV $ IXVmR GH VHQVRUHV p XPD WHFQRORJLD HVVHQFLDO SDUD R GHVHQYROYLPHQWR GH SURGXWRV HP GLYHUVDV iUHDV WDLV FRPR JXHUUD HOHWU{QLFD JXLDPHQWR LQHUFLDO*36 DUPDPHQWRV JXLDGRV VLVWHPDV GH FRQWUROH GH DOWR GHVHPSHQKR SDUD PtVVHLV H IRJXHWHV (VVDiUHDWHPFRPRSULQFLSDLVWHPDVGHSHVTXLVD*36SURFHVVDPHQWRGLJLWDOGHVLQDLV HVWLPDomRGHSDUkPHWURVWUDMHWRJUD¿DPLQHUDomRGHGDGRVVLVWHPDVGHFRQWUROH¿OWURVH VHQVRUHVPXOWLHVSHFWUDLV 4.2 Software embarcado: ÈUHD TXH VH GHVWLQD DR HVWXGR LQYHVWLJDomR H GHVHQYROYLPHQWR GH VRIWZDUH HPEDUFDGR 2 VRIWZDUH HPEDUFDGR HVWi SUHVHQWH HP SUDWLFDPHQWH WRGRV VLVWHPDV LQWHOLJHQWHV PRGHUQRV VHQGR SDUWH GH WRGRV VLVWHPDV GH DUPDPHQWRVDpUHRVLQWHOLJHQWHVWDLVFRPRVLVWHPDVGHJXLDPHQWRVERPEDVLQWHOLJHQWHV 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scramjetPRWRUHVIRJXHWHPRWRUHVIRJXHWHPXOWLHVWiJLRSURSXOVmROtTXLGDH SURWHomRWpUPLFD 4.4 Engenharia de Sistemas:(VVDiUHDWHPFRPRREMHWLYRRHVWXGRGHHQJHQKDULD GHVLVWHPDVYROWDGDDSURMHWRVPXOWLGLVFLSOLQDUHVQDiUHDHVSDFLDODHURQiXWLFDHVLVWHPDV GH GHIHVD TXH SRVVXHP HOHYDGR JUDX GH FRPSOH[LGDGH 0HWRGRORJLDV H WpFQLFDV GH condução de projetos desse tipo devem ser estudadas com foco em otimização de recursos, LQWHJUDomRGHVLVWHPDVJHVWmRGHUHTXLVLWRVJHVWmRGHULVFRVJHVWmRGHSUD]RVJHVWmRGH GHVHQYROYLPHQWRWHFQROyJLFRHJHVWmRGHFLFORGHYLGDGHPDWHULDO MAR 413 MAR “Amazônia Azul” - Uma Visão do Ambiente Marinho Brasileiro Paulo Renato Pimentel Nogueira Capitão-de-Mar-e-Guerra (RM1) Resumo 'HVGH pSRFDV PDLV UHPRWDV R PDU YHP VHQGR XVDGR QmR DSHQDV FRPR YLD GH WUDQVSRUWHPDVWDPEpPFRPRLPSRUWDQWHIRQWHGHUHFXUVRVELROyJLFRV0DLVUHFHQWHPHQWH FRPRGHVHQYROYLPHQWRGDWHFQRORJLDPDULQKDDFRPXQLGDGHFLHQWt¿FDLQWHUQDFLRQDOVH GHXFRQWDGHTXHWDQWRQDViJXDVIHFXQGDVTXDQWRQRVHXULFRVRORHVXEVRORRDPELHQWH PDULQKR GLVS}H GH UHFXUVRV QDWXUDLV YLYRV 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GHJUDGXDomRHSyVJUDGXDomRFULDQGRXPDEDVHSDUDRGHVHQYROYLPHQWRGHVVDV FLrQFLDVQR3DtV R3URJUDPD$QWiUWLFR352$17$5TXHWHPSRUREMHWLYRSURPRYHUSHVTXLVDV QRDPELHQWHDQWiUWLFR 7DPEpP R 6LVWHPD GH *HUHQFLDPHQWR GD$PD]{QLD$]XO 6LV*$$] SURJUDPD SURMHWR HVWUXWXUDQWH TXH FRPSUHHQGH XP FRQMXQWR GH DWLYLGDGHV OLJDGDV DR PDU HQYROYHQGR GHQWUH RXWURV FRQKHFLPHQWRV H DSOLFDo}HV YLJLOkQFLD VHJXUDQoD JHVWmR GH UHFXUVRVQDWXUDLVSUHYHQomRjSROXLomRVREHUDQLDHUHDomRjVVLWXDo}HVDGYHUVDVLQWHJUDGDV H FRRUGHQDGDV SHOD 0DULQKD QD TXDOLGDGH GH $XWRULGDGH 0DUtWLPD QHFHVVLWD GH XP SURJUDPDHVSHFt¿FRGHFDSDFLWDomRGHUHFXUVRVKXPDQRVSDUDRGHVHQYROYLPHQWRWpFQLFR H RSHUDFLRQDO GH VHXV VXEVLVWHPDV HOHWU{QLFD DQiOLVH GH VLVWHPDV WHOHFRPXQLFDo}HV HQJHQKDULDDHURHVSDFLDO(VVHVVXEVLVWHPDVIDUmRRPRQLWRUDPHQWRHRFRQWUROHGDViJXDV GHLQWHUHVVHGR%UDVLOFRQWULEXLQGRFRPDVXDVHJXUDQoDSURWHomRHGHIHVDGHVGHRWHPSR GHSD]HWHUmRDFDSDFLGDGHGHHIHWXDURPRQLWRUDPHQWRFRQWtQXRDGHWHFomRLGHQWL¿FDomR 416 MAR HDFRPSDQKDPHQWRGHPHLRVPDUtWLPRVFRPLQWHJUDomRIXVmRDQiOLVHHGLVVHPLQDomRGDV LQIRUPDo}HVUHOHYDQWHVFRPDPi[LPDDJLOLGDGH7DPEpPFRQWDUiFRPDÀH[LELOLGDGHSDUD LQWHUDJLUFRPyUJmRVJRYHUQDPHQWDLVH[WUD0DULQKD ³2VpFXORSDVVDGRTXHDOFDQoRXDVHVWUHODVGHVFREULXWDPEpP TXHRPDUpIDEXORVDPHQWHULFR0DVQmREDVWDSURFODPDUTXH HVVDVULTXH]DVVmRQRVVDVSDUDTXHHODVRVHMDP3RLVVHUQRVVR pVHUFRQKHFLGRSRUQyVpVHUWUDQVIRUPDGRSRUQyVHPULTXH]DV KXPDQDV´ 9$/7(3$8/2'(&$6752025(,5$'$6,/9$ INTRODUÇÃO “Estamos em 11 de junho de 2030 e a mídia destaca no noticiário nacional: Hoje, dia em que a Marinha do Brasil comemora sua data magna, o papel da Autoridade Marítima no trabalho de coordenação do gerenciamento e do controle do mar que nos pertence por direito, como faculta a Convenção das Nações Unidas sobre os Direitos do Mar, tem sido digno de elogios por parte de todos os setores interessados na nossa “Amazônia Azul”. Dois fatos hoje anunciados corroboram os excelentes resultados alcançados pelo País, frutos da atuação coordenada dos diversos agentes governamentais e privados que têm ingerência sobre o mar: A Petrobras anunciou o início da extração comercial do petróleo e do gás natural GDVMD]LGDVGRSUpVDO'HVWDFRXTXHRVGHVD¿RVWHFQROyJLFRVHLQGXVWULDLVGRSUpVDOIRUDP vencidos graças ao gerenciamento e ao controle do desenvolvimento e da implantação progressiva de toda uma infraestrutura que permitiu ao País adquirir os conhecimentos GDJHRJUD¿DPDUtWLPDGDVHVWUXWXUDVJHROyJLFDVGRFRPSRUWDPHQWRVD]RQDOGRRFHDQR e dos fenômenos provocados pelas elevadas profundidades, todos fatores geradores de problemas para o complexo trabalho logístico exigido para o uso sustentado desses recursos que nos pertencem; e o Estaleiro Carioquinha, fundado em 2020, quando um grupo de empresários da iniciativa privada, aproveitando-se dos incentivos do Governo Federal para alavancar o soerguimento da construção naval no Brasil, equipou a indústria naval brasileira com um estabelecimento de alta tecnologia, gerando mais de 4.000 empregos no segmento, MAR 417 lançou ao mar, no Rio de Janeiro, o gigantesco porta-contêiner “Amazônia Azul”. O navio incorpora a mais avançada tecnologia de construção naval e de controle ambiental, HVWDQGR HTXLSDGR FRP VR¿VWLFDGRV VLVWHPDV GH JHUHQFLDPHQWR GH iJXD GH ODVWUR H GH inibição de incrustações no casco por processos não-tóxicos. Quando o navio entrar em RSHUDomRDR¿QDOGRDQRDSDUWLFLSDomRGDEDQGHLUDEUDVLOHLUDQRQRVVRFRPpUFLRH[WHULRU terá atingido o percentual de 40%, o que representa um avanço considerável, quando se considera que, em 2010, esse percentual não chegava a 3%. Em termos de transporte nacional de mercadorias, as últimas estatísticas são auspiciosas: o modal aquaviário – FDERWDJHPQDYHJDomRÀXYLDOHODFXVWUH±LJXDORXRPRGDOURGRYLiULR¿FDQGRDPDWUL] GHWUDQVSRUWHVQDFLRQDOPDLVHTXLOLEUDGDHH¿FLHQWH2UHFHQWHDQ~QFLRGD3HWUREUDVGH que a frota de apoio marítimo atingiu, no ano passado, praticamente o índice de 100% de bandeira nacional foi, também, muito comemorado. A participação de navios de bandeira brasileira nos cruzeiros marítimos, que vem crescendo nos últimos anos, também atingiu valores expressivos.” (LVXPVRQKRVRQKDGRFRPDQRVGHDQWHFHGrQFLD Historicamente o Brasil nasceu com vocação marítima, não só por ter sido descoberto HFRORQL]DGRSRUXPDQDomRPDUtWLPDPDVWDPEpPSRUWHUVRIULGRVXDVSULPHLUDVLQYDV}HV HWHUFRQVROLGDGRVXDLQGHSHQGrQFLDSHORPDU O mar sempre foi elemento de fundamental importância no desenvolvimento, na PDQXWHQomRGDVREUHYLYrQFLDHQRH[HUFtFLRGRSRGHUGDVQDo}HV 'HVGH pSRFDV PDLV UHPRWDV R PDU YHP VHQGR XVDGR QmR DSHQDV FRPR YLD GH WUDQVSRUWHPDVWDPEpPFRPRLPSRUWDQWHIRQWHGHUHFXUVRVELROyJLFRV0DLVUHFHQWHPHQWH FRPRGHVHQYROYLPHQWRGDWHFQRORJLDPDULQKDDFRPXQLGDGHFLHQWt¿FDLQWHUQDFLRQDOVH GHXFRQWDGHTXHRPDUWDQWRQDViJXDVIHFXQGDVTXDQWRQRVHXULFRVRORHVXEVRORGLVS}H GHUHFXUVRVQDWXUDLVYLYRVHQmRYLYRVGHLPSRUWkQFLDFDSLWDOSDUDDKXPDQLGDGH &RPRSRYRTXHQDVFHXPDUtWLPRQDVDJDGR'HVFREULPHQWRDQGDPRVGLVWUDtGRV 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OHJDGR GH IXQGDPHQWDO LPSRUWkQFLD SDUD R IXWXUR GDV SUy[LPDV JHUDo}HVGHEUDVLOHLURVTXHYHUmRDXPHQWDGDVDVSRVVLELOLGDGHVGHGHVFREHUWDGHQRYRV 424 MAR campos petrolíferos, a exploração de recursos da biodiversidade marinha e de exploração GHUHFXUVRVPLQHUDLVHPJUDQGHVSURIXQGLGDGHVDLQGDQmRYLiYHLVHFRQRPLFDPHQWH )LJXUD FATORES SOCIAIS 2PDUpHFRQWLQXDUiDVHULPSRUWDQWHSDUDRIXWXURGHQRVVRPXQGRHHPSDUWLFXODU SDUD R %UDVLO SRLV DOpP GH VHU D SULQFLSDO YLD GH FLUFXODomR GR FRPpUFLR LQWHUQDFLRQDO HGHHVFRDPHQWRGDVULTXH]DVH[WUDtGDVGHOHSUySULRHOHSURYrEHQVQDWXUDLVHPLQHUDLV MAR 425 HP WDPDQKD TXDQWLGDGH TXH QRV SHUPLWH LQIHULU TXH QR IXWXUR D VXD LPSRUWkQFLD WHQGH DDXPHQWDUHPGHFRUUrQFLDGRSRWHQFLDOGHVHXVUHFXUVRVTXHFDGDYH]PDLVYHPVHQGR FRORFDGRjGLVSRVLomRGDKXPDQLGDGH 'HVWDYLVmRSRGHPRVGHSUHHQGHUTXHRXVRGRPDUSHUPDQHFHUiUHOHYDQWHSDUDR EHPHVWDUGDKXPDQLGDGHSURSRUFLRQDQGRDYDQoRVHPGLYHUVDViUHDVLQFOXLQGRDSDUWH VRFLDO 1R%UDVLOHVSHFL¿FDPHQWHQRTXHUHVSHLWDDRLQFUHPHQWRGDTXDOLGDGHGHYLGDGH VXDSRSXODomRD³$PD]{QLD$]XO´SRGHJHUDUGLYHUVRVLPSDFWRVSRVLWLYRVQDVFRQGLo}HV VRFLDLV GRV EUDVLOHLURV HP JHUDO H HP HVSHFLDO GD SDUFHOD GD SRSXODomR TXH KDELWD DV SUR[LPLGDGHVGHVHXLPHQVROLWRUDO 'HQWUHRVVHJPHQWRVSDVVtYHLVGHUHFHEHUHPHVVHVLPSDFWRVHVWmRRFLHQWt¿FRHR DPELHQWDOVREUHRVTXDLVVHID]QHFHVViULRDPSOLDUDSHUFHSomRGDVRFLHGDGHEUDVLOHLUDGR YDORUGRXVRGRPDU A VERTENTE CIENTÍFICA )LJXUD Ocupando a maior parte da superfície total da Terra, o oceano, principalmente o seu IXQGR FRQWLQXD VHQGR XPD UHJLmR WmR GHVFRQKHFLGD TXDQWR ERD SDUWH GR VLVWHPD VRODU &RQKHFrOR p PDLV TXH XPD TXHVWmR GH PHUD FXULRVLGDGH VHP HOH QRVVR SODQHWD VHULD LQDELWiYHO 426 MAR 2PDUDWHQXDRVH[WUHPRVVD]RQDLVHYDSRUDHIRUQHFHiJXDGRFHSDUDDYLGDWHUUHVWUH HPDULQKDVHQGRXPHOHPHQWRFKDYHQDFDGHLDDOLPHQWDUJOREDOHOHFRQWpPGRWRWDOGH iJXDGRSODQHWDIRUQHFHGDHYDSRUDomRWRWDOHUHFHEHGHWRGDVDVSUHFLSLWDo}HV DOpPGLVVRWHPIRUWHLQÀXrQFLDVREUHRFOLPD &RPHVVHFHQiULRSRGHPRVD¿UPDUTXHRPDUpXPVLVWHPDHPSHUSpWXDHYROXomR GHYLGR j VXD LQWHUDomR FRP D DWPRVIHUD H SRU VHU XP VLVWHPD R VHX HVWXGR UHTXHU R FRQKHFLPHQWR GH QXPHURVDV GLVFLSOLQDV TXH FRQVWLWXHP D RFHDQRJUD¿D XPD FLrQFLD PXOWLGLVFLSOLQDU ItVLFD PDWHPiWLFD PHWHRURORJLD FDUWRJUD¿D FRUUHQWHV PDUpV H IHQ{PHQRV FOLPiWLFRV ELRORJLD ELRGLYHUVLGDGH H HFRVVLVWHPDV PDULQKRV JHRORJLD FRPSRVLomRGRVRORPDULQKRHIHQ{PHQRVJHRItVLFRVHTXtPLFDFRPSRVLomRGDViJXDV HUHFXSHUDomRGHDPELHQWHVDTXiWLFRVGHJUDGDGRVRXHPSURFHVVRGHGHJUDGDomR 1R%UDVLORVJUDQGHVLPSXOVRVSDUDDHYROXomRGDRFHDQRJUD¿DIRUDPDVFULDo}HV HPGD&RPLVVmR,QWHUPLQLVWHULDOSDUDRV5HFXUVRVGR0DU&,50FRPD¿QDOLGDGH GH FRRUGHQDU RV DVVXQWRV UHODWLYRV j FRQVHFXomR GD 3ROtWLFD 1DFLRQDO SDUD RV 5HFXUVRV do Mar (PNRM), e, em 1984, do Instituto de Estudos do Mar Almirante Paulo Moreira ,($30FRPD¿QDOLGDGHGHDVVHJXUDUHUDFLRQDOL]DUQRkPELWRGD0DULQKDGR%UDVLO RV HVWXGRV QHFHVViULRV DR FRQKHFLPHQWR H j XWLOL]DomR GR RFHDQR H GDV iJXDV LQWHULRUHV QDFLRQDLV A PNRM, atualizada em 2005, visa ao estabelecimento de princípios e objetivos SDUDDHODERUDomRGHSODQRVSURJUDPDVHDo}HVGHJRYHUQRQRFDPSRGDVDWLYLGDGHVGH IRUPDomRGHUHFXUVRVKXPDQRVGHGHVHQYROYLPHQWRGDSHVTXLVDGDFLrQFLDHGDWHFQRORJLD PDULQKD GD H[SORUDomR H GR DSURYHLWDPHQWR VXVWHQWiYHO GRV UHFXUVRV GR PDU SDUD R GHVHQYROYLPHQWRVRFLRHFRQ{PLFRGR3DtV $WXDOPHQWHD&,50GHVHQYROYHSURJUDPDVHDo}HVQRPDUGRVTXDLVVHGHVWDFDP a) Programa de Mentalidade Marítima (PROMAR))LJXUDV$H%±FRPR objetivo de fortalecer a mentalidade marítima do povo brasileiro, estimulando na população, em especial nas crianças e nos jovens, a responsabilidade na preservação e o interesse pelo PDU MAR Figura 7 Figura 7A 427 Figura 7B b) Programa de avaliação da Potencialidade Mineral da Plataforma Continental Brasileira (REMPLAC) )LJXUD±FRPRREMHWLYRGHHIHWXDUROHYDQWDPHQWRJHROyJLFR JHRItVLFRDQiOLVHHDYDOLDomRGRVGHSyVLWRVPLQHUDLVGD3&D¿PGHUHVJXDUGDUDVULTXH]DV GRPDUSDUDJHUDo}HVIXWXUDV Figura 8 c) Programa de Avaliação do Potencial Sustentável e Monitoramento dos Recursos Vivos Marinhos (REVIMAR) 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