ConheÇa uma unidade

UNIT 4
ADJECTIVES
Adjetivos
Diferentemente do português, os adjetivos em inglês não têm gênero nem número. A
exceção, como vimos na Unit 2, são os demonstrativos (this e that, no singular, e these e those,
no plural) e os possessivos (my, your, his, her e its, no singular, e our, your e their, no plural).
A POSIÇÃO DOS ADJETIVOS
Como regra básica, os adjetivos são usados sempre antes dos substantivos que eles
modificam.
a nice trip / a nice day
a great month
an easy question
a smart kid
an outstanding week
the worst book
the whole time
the true story
Atenção!Erros frequentes: a girl beautiful / beautifuls girls
a. Verbos como be, become, get, smell, taste, sound, seem, appear, look, feel e make podem ter
adjetivo como complemento.
It smells good.
He got fat in just a few months.
b. Há adjetivos que nunca aparecem diante de substantivo. São sempre usados como
predicativo.
They were afraid of getting there late.
My sister is already awake.
c. Os adjetivos são sempre colocados depois dos pronomes indefinidos: someone, somebody,
something, somewhere, anybody, anyone, no one, anything, nothing, anywhere, anyplace e nowhere.
Did you eat anything different this weekend?
I believe there is no one interested in buying this car.
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ADJECTIVES
UNIT 4
d. Quando se coloca um substantivo diante de outro substantivo, o primeiro funciona como
adjetivo e tem, portanto, as mesmas características de adjetivo.
an hour trip
a tea cup
a euro coin
a five-room house
B ORDEM DOS ADJETIVOS
Às vezes, temos de empregar mais de um adjetivo diante de substantivo. Não se costuma,
porém, usar mais de três adjetivos aplicados ao mesmo substantivo. Os adjetivos vão sendo
colocados na frase seguindo uma disposição que vai do sentido mais geral (qualidade e
tamanho) ao mais específico (material e finalidade).
Para ajudar a memorizar a sequência, guarde esta regra mnemônica, apresentada por Jake
Allsop em sua Cassell’s Student’s English Grammar:
Very Soon A Train SHould COMe.
V = value (qualidade); S = size (tamanho); A = age (idade); T = temperature (temperatura); SH
= shape (formato); C = color (cor); O = origin (origem); M = material
a (V) cheap (C) green (M) wooden chair
a (V) beautiful (A) antique (O) French vase
an (V) expensive (SH) round (O) Italian lamp
UNIT 04 Practice
LEVEL A
1. Unscramble the words to form sentences.
1. teacher / he / very / dedicated / a / is
____________________________________________________________________________
2. are / some / unbelievable / there / stories / that / in / book
____________________________________________________________________________
3. not / really / satisfied / she / is / be / to / home / at
____________________________________________________________________________
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2. Correct the mistakes in these sentences.
1. I’m going to meet those nices guys from that band.
____________________________________________________________________________
2. Tell me a book excellent that I should read.
____________________________________________________________________________
3. Ron bought a house enormous around here.
____________________________________________________________________________
4. What a girl beautiful you met!
____________________________________________________________________________
5. Mothers are usually very understandings.
____________________________________________________________________________
LEVEL B
1. Use the adjectives in parentheses to rewrite the sentences.
1. The dog’s playing with a ball. (plastic / red / small)
___________________________________________________
___________________________________________________
2. When we went to Italy, we bought a vase.
(traditional / glass / Murano)
tailcauda
kennelcanil
furpelo
___________________________________________________
pawpata
___________________________________________________
puppyfilhote
3. Robbie Williams is a singer. (British / pop / famous)
____________________________________________________________________________
4. They’ve bought some armchairs. (oak / beautiful / old)
____________________________________________________________________________
5. Have you seen my T-shirt? (cotton / red / striped)
____________________________________________________________________________
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ADJECTIVES
UNIT 4
2. Rewrite the sentences using the verbs smell, look, taste, sound, or become.
1. That pie had an excellent flavor.
That pie _________________________________________________________________
2. He was poor. Now he is rich because he won the lottery.
He _____________________________________________________________________
3. I don’t know if the sound is good enough for you.
I don’t know if it ___________________________________________________________
4. That bucket has an awful smell.
That bucket _______________________________________________________________
5. Wow! This dish has a very attractive appearance.
Wow! This dish ____________________________________________________________
C FORMA COMPARATIVA E SUPERLATIVA DOS ADJETIVOS
Os adjetivos de apenas uma sílaba, bem como aqueles terminados em -y, formam o
comparativo com o acréscimo de -er. Para o superlativo, acrescenta-se -est.
Grau normal: long, old, small, easy, sunny
Comparativo: longer (than), older (than), smaller (than), easier (than), sunnier (than)
Superlativo: (the) longest, (the) oldest, (the) smallest, (the) easiest, (the) sunniest
Atenção!O comparativo e o superlativo de old são older – oldest, mas existem também as formas elder – eldest, usadas quando falamos de membros da família.
My elder sister is married.
My elder brother is a mechanical engineer.
Os demais adjetivos formam o comparativo com more + adjetivo e o superlativo com
the most + adjetivo.
Grau normal: difficult, expensive, interesting, famous
Comparativo: more difficult (than), more expensive (than), more interesting (than), more
famous (than)
Superlativo: (the) most difficult, (the) most expensive, (the) most interesting, (the) most famous
SPELLING (REGRAS DE ORTOGRAFIA)
a. Os adjetivos terminados em -e, perdem o -e para receberem -er ou -est.
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Grau normal: large
Comparativo: larger (than)
Superlativo: (the) largest
b. Dobra-se a consoante final quando é precedida de vogal tônica.
Grau normal: hot, big, slim, thin, sad
Comparativo: hotter (than), bigger (than), slimmer (than), thinner (than)
Superlativo: (the) biggest, (the) slimmest, (the) thinnest, (the) saddest
c. Há ainda as formas irregulares. As que seguem abaixo são os casos mais comuns.
Grau normal: good, bad, much / many, little, far
Comparativo: better (than), worse (than), more (than), less (than), farther / further (than)
Superlativo: (the) best, (the) worst, (the) most, (the) least, (the) farthest / furthest
UNIT 4
Practice
LEVEL A
1. Write sentences using the comparative of the adjective in parentheses.
1. São Paulo / Campos do Jordão (polluted)
____________________________________________________________________________
2. the Amazon / the Tijuca Forest (green)
____________________________________________________________________________
3. Freddie / Emma (fat)
____________________________________________________________________________
factoryfábrica
smokefumaça
sustainabilitysustentabilidade
natural resources recursos naturais
filthyimundo
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ADJECTIVES
UNIT 4
4. Madonna / Lady Gaga (old)
____________________________________________________________________________
5. English / French (popular)
____________________________________________________________________________
6. studying / playing video games (important)
____________________________________________________________________________
7. being healthy / being wealthy (good)
____________________________________________________________________________
8. Brazil / Argentina (large)
____________________________________________________________________________
2. Complete the sentences with the comparative or superlative of the
adjective in parentheses.
1. Asia is the ____________________ (large) continent in the world.
2. Do you know who ___________________ (rich) person in Brazil is?
3. I believe she is ___________________ (good) than the other candidate.
4. Walking around a city is _____________________ (interesting) than driving all the time.
5. My girlfriend is ___________________ (jealous) than I am.
6. Typing is ___________________ (difficult) than writing, isn’t it?
LEVEL B
1. Complete the sentences with the comparative or superlative form of the
adjectives in the box.
expensive - interesting - hot - far - bad - old - strong
1. It is much _________________ nowadays than some years ago. Is that because of pollution?
2. Martha is _________________ of all of Mrs. Groan’s kids. She is thirty-four years old now.
3. Gabrielle seems to be _________________ than we thought. She can lift that heavy box.
4. I think the bike I bought was _________________ one that was available. I paid a lot for it!
5. Doesn’t this text look _________________ for you to present tomorrow? The other one
seems to be boring.
6. Try to remember _________________ dream you have had in your life! One that really
scared you.
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2. Correct two mistakes in each sentence.
1. She is feeling worst than before. She should take some pills to feel the best!
____________________________________________________________________________
2. Kelly will be much more happy when she sees that we are working more hard.
____________________________________________________________________________
3. I have just cut my hair more short. Don’t I look handsomer?
____________________________________________________________________________
4. Those geese can get furiouser than dogs. They even bite more harder!
____________________________________________________________________________
5. Reading Shakespeare is difficulter than reading Edgar Allan Poe, but Poe is interestinger!
____________________________________________________________________________
6. I wish I could be more calm in order to manage things easilier in my life.
____________________________________________________________________________
D USO DO COMPARATIVO E DO SUPERLATIVO
IGUALDADE E DESIGUALDADE
O comparativo e o superlativo são usados para comparar se duas pessoas ou coisas são iguais
ou não em determinado aspecto ou situação.
a. as + adjetivo + as
His father is as tall as his uncle.
b. not as / so + adjetivo + as
My English is not as bad as his.
Flora doesn’t have as much money as the rest of her family does.
c. the same + substantivo + as
Ian is doing the same thing as I am.
d. different from
Living in a small town is totally different from living in a big city.
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ADJECTIVES
UNIT 4
INFERIORIDADE
O comparativo é usado para expressar a ideia de que uma pessoa, coisa ou situação possui
uma qualidade em menor medida que outra pessoa, coisa ou situação.
Nowadays, the steel industry is less important than the electronics industry.
As formas do comparativo de superioridade e de inferioridade podem vir acompanhadas de
determinantes de quantidade como a lot, much, far, a bit e a little.
Staying inside will be much more secure than going out.
Travis is far taller than any other kid in class.
It sounds a bit better now.
That car is much cheaper than the one you want to buy.
Às vezes, o objeto de comparação é não uma qualidade, mas uma quantidade. Assim, o
comparativo de superioridade será more. Já o de inferioridade será less se o substantivo for
incontável e será fewer se ele for contável.
Brazil has (a lot, many, far) more beautiful beaches than Uruguay.
These files contain (a lot, many, far) more viruses than the ones we deleted.
Mrs. Windsor has fewer students than Miss Collins.
I have a little more money than you, so I will buy you lunch.
O superlativo é usado para expressar a ideia de que uma pessoa, coisa ou situação dentro de
um grupo alcança o grau mais alto no aspecto em que é comparada.
Brazilians are known to be the people who spend the most when traveling.
Taipei 101, in Taipei, Taiwan, is the tallest building in the world. The building has the world’s
fastest elevators too.
buildingedifício
skyscraperarranha-céu
downtown
centro da cidade
neighborhoodbairro/vizinhança
addressendereço
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UnIt 4
Practice
LEVEL A
1. Complete the sentences with the correct alternative.
1. Joanna was ____ smarter than Jennifer.
a. way
b. many
c. very
2. My brother is as tall ____ I am.
a. as
b. not
c. than
3. He buys the same things ____ I do.
a. as
b. than
c. like
4. Chocolate is ____ more delicious than cucumbers.
a. farthest
b. far
c. further
5. Claire isn’t ____ cool as Jeannie.
a. as
b. like
c. more
6. Fiona is ____ cuter than Julia.
a. far
b. very
c. many
tall
alto(a)
short
baixo(a)
smart/clever
esperto(a)
friendly
amigável
outgoing
extrovertido(a)
2. Mark with an X the place in the sentence where you could add an intensifier.
Then specify which could be used (there may be more than one possibility).
much - many - a lot - far - a little - a bit - a few - less
1. this house is _____________ bigger than the other one. much / a lot / far
2. this movie was less frightening than the one we saw last week. _______________
3. the weather is colder than last week. _______________
4. I am four inches taller, and my clothes feel smaller. _______________
5. the first exercise was easier, but this one is more difficult. _______________
6. I have more CDs than you, so I can lend you some. _______________
7. My room is bigger than my sister’s, but she is always complaining. _______________
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ADJECTIVES
UNIT 4
LEVEL B
1. Write sentences using the signs and the information given.
1. Ellen / not / serious / her father (≠)
____________________________________________________________________________
2. Learning English / important / learning Italian ( way / >)
____________________________________________________________________________
3. Larry / interesting / than the other boys. (<)
____________________________________________________________________________
4. Vegetables / healthy / sweets (much / >)
____________________________________________________________________________
5. I / competent / as my boss (=)
____________________________________________________________________________
2. Complete the text below with the comparative or superlative forms of the
adjectives in parentheses.
My friends Harry and Elaine decided to get married. He is a little _______ 1 (young) than
she is, but she looks way ________ 2 (good) than he does. She was _______ 3 (pretty) girl
at school, and all the boys would do their _______ 4 (good) to get her attention. However,
Harry was ________ 5 (smart) than the other boys and instead of worrying about looking
good, he became not only ________ 6 (intelligent) student in his class, but also ________ 7
(kind) guy a girl could meet.
He studied _________ 8 (hard) than many others and got a good scholarship at a university.
Then he got _______ 9 (amazing) job in an Import and Export office, and moved up _______ 10
(fast) than any other employee.
After finishing college, they started dating each other, and she felt like _______ 11 (happy)
woman on Earth, falling in love with him __________ 12 (rapidly) than she imagined possible.
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