Darwin and the Adventure project report

Transcrição

DARWIN AND THE ADVENTURE: BRITISH COUNCIL DARWIN NOW RESEARCH NETWORK REPORT
Final_060810
1
Final_060810
2
DARWIN AND THE ADVENTURE
BRITISH COUNCIL DARWIN NOW RESEARCH NETWORK REPORT
AUTHORS
David Billett and Simon Boxall
National Oceanography Centre, Southampton
Karen James and David Lort-Phillips
The HMS Beagle Trust
Markus Lehmann and Adriana Perusin
Tocorimé Pamatojari - The Brazilian Wooden Tall Ship
Michael Barratt and Daniel Garrison
The National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA)
Fabio Di Dario
Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro (UFRJ), Brazil
Patricia Miloslavich
Universidad Simon Bolivar, Caracas, Venezuela
Juan Díaz de Astarloa
Universidad Nacional de Mar del Plata, Mar del Plata, Argentina
Eulogio H. Soto Oyarzún
Universidad de Valparaíso, Viña del Mar, Chile
Leonardo Rörig
Universidade do Vale do Itajaí, Santa Catarina, Brazil
Ciro Oyarzún González
Universidad de Concepcion, Chile
Kevin Zelnio
Duke University Marine Laboratory, USA
Final_060810
3
CONTENTS
1
Executive Summary
6
2
Overview
7
3
Introduction
8
4
Network Partners
4.1
National Oceanography Centre
4.2
4.3
Tocorimé Pamatojari
– The Brazilian Wooden Tall Ship
4.4
Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro (UFRJ)
Macaé, RJ, Brasil
4.5
4.6
Universidad Nacional de Mar del Plata,
Mar del Plata, Argentina
4.7
4.8
Universidade do Vale do Itajaí,
Santa Catarina, Brazil
4.9
4.10 The Municipal District of Paraty (Tourism &
Culture & Education Departments) and The Paraty
Convention and Visitors Bureau
4.11 Duke University Marine Laboratory
4.12 The National Aeronautics and Space Administration
9
9
10
5
Aims
15
6
Events Timeline for the Workshop
16
7
Workshop Activities
7.1
Tocorimé and the new Beagle: an opportunity
For research in the public gaze
7.2
Biodiversity beyond borders: a proposed
research programme for the South American
voyage of tall ship Tocorimé
7.3
Unique selling points of science aboard a
sailing ship
7.4
Biodiversity/marine biology research strands
which fit with these selling points
7.5
Scientific questions (biodiversity beyond borders
... i.e. coordination of national research questions
to address international research imperatives)
7.6
Additional location-specific research strands
7.7
Darwin/Beagle historical notes
7.8
Logistics (participants)
17
Final_060810
4
11
12
12
12
12
13
13
13
14
14
17
17
18
18
18
19
19
19
7.9
7.10
7.11
7.12
7.13
7.14
Logistics (equipment & space needs for proposed
research aboard Tocorimé)
South American scientific participants (bold =
coastline formally included in Tocorimé voyage
plan Fernando de Noronha - Galapagos)
Sampling permissions & voucher specimen storage
NASA collaboration
Associated opportunities (aboard and in port)
Next Steps
19
20
20
21
21
21
8
Development of the Network since the Paraty Workshop
23
9
Concluding Remarks
25
10
Media and other web outputs from the Workshop
26
11
Workshop Press Release
27
Final_060810
5
1
EXECUTIVE SUMMARY
In September, 2009, marine research scientists from around South America, the
UK and the USA, representatives from The HMS Beagle Project and NASA, and 60
local schoolchildren gathered in Paraty, Brazil to celebrate Charles Darwin's
bicentenary and promote the modern legacies of his voyage aboard HMS Beagle.
The events, supported by a British Council Darwin Now Network grant, included a
scientific workshop, two half-day scientific voyages aboard the tall ship Tocorimé
(Spirit of Adventure) and a series of educational activities culminating with a
direct Q&A session between local schoolchildren and an astronaut aboard the
International Space Station.
This document reports the proceedings and recommendations of the scientific
workshop held on 21st September, 2009, identifying key opportunities using
sailing vessels for oceanographic research with a focus on marine biology,
diversity, and the Barcode of Life in South America.
Charles Darwin in the modern world. Kevin Zelnio and Patricia Miloslavich
examine a sample taken in the Darwin and The Adventure project.
Final_060810
6
2
OVERVIEW
In September, 2009, two hundred years after Darwin's birth, 10 marine research
scientists from around South America, the UK and the USA, representatives from
The HMS Beagle Project and NASA, and 60 local schoolchildren gathered in Paraty
on the Costa Verde (Green Coast) in the state of Rio de Janeiro, Brazil to:
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
Celebrate Charles Darwin's bicentenary year with a programme to
promote the modern scientific legacy of the voyage of HMS Beagle (18311835)
Develop a lasting network of scientists in South America and the UK for
future research in marine biology and the Barcode of Life
Discuss the potential for modern marine science in a new age of sail. In
particular to underpin a second more intensive scientific expedition using a
new tall ship modelled on HMS Beagle for operation around the world
including research in Brazil, Uruguay, Argentina, The Falkland Islands,
Chile, Peru, Ecuador, the Galapagos Islands, Tahiti, New Zealand,
Australia, Mauritius, South Africa and the Cape Verde Islands.
Prove on two half-day voyages on the sailing vessel Tocorimé (Spirit of
Adventure) the feasibility of modern scientific techniques, including
genetic sequencing and sea-water quality analysis, aboard a traditionally
rigged tall ship
Connect live to an astronaut on the International Space Station (ISS) as a
demonstration project for joint work by NASA and The HMS Beagle Project
in science and education
Educate and inspire local schoolchildren about science, exploration,
oceanography, Charles Darwin, evolution, space and remote sensing
through direct links to astronauts aboard the ISS.
Promote in the media Charles Darwin's legacy, marine science, marine
conservation, the history and future of science under sail, and whole-earth
scientific collaborations made possible by linking observations in space
with sampling at sea in real time.
Final_060810
7
3
INTRODUCTION
The year 2009 marked the bicentenary of Charles Darwin’s birth. Without a doubt
the greatest influence on Darwin and the development of his theory of evolution
came during his travels in and around South America, carried by HMS Beagle and
supported by HMS Adventure. Darwin experienced the wonders of the tropical
rain forest in Brazil, fossils in Argentina, the uplifting of land in Chile and the
remarkable variation of fauna on the Galapagos Islands. The project Darwin and
The Adventure aimed to revisit Darwin’s travels around South America,
undertaking new science as part of an international effort to understand and
develop a system of DNA-based identification of taxa (DNA bar-coding). Using
modern molecular biology techniques it will be possible to unravel the
complexities of the wide scale distribution of species and the processes
stimulating evolution.
The ultimate aim of the project was to support plans to build a modern tall ship
modelled on HMS Beagle for science, education and outreach. The project aimed
to promote the lasting legacies of HMS Beagle, including the historic second
voyage with Robert Fitzroy, the captain of HMS Beagle and founder of the UK
Meteorological Office, and Charles Darwin. As part of long-term planning, the
HMS Beagle Project aims to conduct particular expeditions around South America
requiring the creation of a network of young scientists in Brazil, Uruguay,
Argentina, Chile, Ecuador, Peru and Venezuela to work together on scientific
questions encompassing the continent. The Darwin and The Adventure project
aimed to initiate this network.
In order to promote the long-term vision, The Darwin and The Adventure project
was extremely fortunate to form a partnership with the owners of the Brazilian
tall ship Tocorimé (http://www.tocorime.net/). Like the HMS Beagle Project, the
Tocorimé is planning to conduct a voyage around South America in the footsteps
of Darwin. The workshop in Paraty was to plan for this larger expedition and to
conduct trails on board the vessel of the scientific equipment, in particular genetic
techniques, which might be used on board the vessel. The results of the workshop
would also be of broader interest to science could be conducted on sailing ships in
the future.
In order to capture the imagination and add another dimension to modern science
the Darwin and The Adventure project also teamed up with NASA and the
International Space Station. This provided a synoptic view of the world from
above; a view that Darwin could only dream of. Real time links to the
International Space Station were planned to create the same sense of exploration
and expedition that Darwin experienced on HMS Beagle.
The live links to the International Space Station allowed interactive sessions with
local schools in Paraty to stimulate interest in young scientists of the future.
Michael Barrett, an astronaut on the International Space Station (ISS) was
engaged to answer questions from local school children about the view of the
world from space. This was set within the context of Darwin’s experiences.
Darwin saw the bigger picture by travelling around South America. The ISS
provided a broader view from space.
Finally, the range of activities planned in the Darwin and The Adventure project
were publicised in the media (including a 22 minute documentary on Brazil’s
national television news channel, Globus). A series of web links were created in
order to reach a wider audience and almost in real time. This provided a lasting
presence of the project, the importance of Charles Darwin and the excitement of
science in outer and inner (marine) space.
Final_060810
8
4
THE NETWORK PARTNERS
Darwin and The Adventure workshop delegates, left to right:
Standing – Gini Lort-Phillips, Fabio Di Dario*, Dan Garrison, Simon Boxall, David
Lort-Phillips, Karen James, Markus Lehmann*, Leonardo Rörig *;
Sitting – Kevin Zelnio, Sandra Chemin*, Patricia Miloslavich *, Ciro Oyarzún
González *, Juan Díaz de Astarloa *, Eulogio Soto Oyarzún *, Adriana Perusin*
(* denotes a South American representative)
4.1
The National Oceanography Centre, Southampton (NOCS)
The National Oceanography Centre, Southampton (formerly Southampton
Oceanography Centre), is a collaborative Centre owned by the UK's Natural
Environment Research Council (NERC) and the University of Southampton. NOCS
is based at a purpose-built waterside campus in Southampton, and is home to
some 520 research scientists, lecturing support and seagoing staff as well over
700 undergraduate and postgraduate students. NOCS is the national focus for
oceanography in the UK with a remit to achieve scientific excellence in its own
right as one of the world's top five oceanographic research institutions. NOCS
delivers a diverse mission, which ranges from managing the national research
vessel fleet and other major facilities, to programmes of strategic research for
NERC, and academic research and education in ocean and earth sciences in
support of the University's mission. NOCS activities also encompass major ocean
technology development, long-term observations, managing international science
programmes, promoting enterprise and knowledge transfer, providing advice to
Government, business and charities, and the engagement between science and
society. Moreover, the Centre is specifically charged with working with the wider
Final_060810
9
science community to provide strategic leadership, coordination and facilitation
for the whole of the UK marine and related earth sciences.
Dr David Billett led the Darwin and The Adventure project. Dr Billett is Co-Chair of
the Ocean Biogeochemistry and Ecosystems Group at NOCS. He is a biologist
with over 34 years experience of working in the deep-sea environment, including
mid-ocean ridges, abyssal sediments, seamounts, coral mounds, submarine
canyons and continental slopes. He has a particular interest in 1) long-term
change in the deep-sea, 2) the potential effects of climate change on the deepsea environment, 3) distinguishing between natural and man-made impacts, 4)
the environmental management of offshore deep-water oil and gas and mineral
mining, 5) the impact of bottom fishing on deep-sea ecosystems and 6) spatial
and temporal management of man’s activities in the deep ocean. He is a member
of the United Nations International Seabed Authority’s Legal and Technical
Commission. One of his ancestors was the gun room boy on the second voyage
of HMS Beagle. While Dr Billett managed the project overall he was not able to
participate in the Paraty workshop. Fortunately, Dr Simon Boxall (NOCS) was able
to oversee the logistics of the events in Paraty for NOCS, on behalf of Dr Billett.
Dr Simon Boxall is a lecturer in Physical Oceanography and is also responsible for
outreach and schools programmes at NOCS. He often uses sailing ships for
research and public understanding, with projects such as the Volvo Ocean
Adventure, The BP Oceans Schools programme and Cape Farewell. He has been
involved with media around the world, with extensive news items and
documentaries over the years for radio, press and TV including The Discovery
Channel, National Geographic, BBC, CNN, Sky and ABC. Research interests
include oil spills, coastal and ocean remote sensing, and ocean scale circulation.
His combined skills and experience made Dr Boxall the ideal candidate to work as
part of the project team in Paraty.
4.2
The HMS Beagle Project is an educational charity. It is raising funds to launch a
modern rebuild of HMS Beagle, the iconic ship that carried Charles Darwin and
Robert Fitzroy around the world on their historic voyage of discovery. The HMS
Beagle Project aims to inspire and engage global audiences to learn more about
evolutionary biology, biodiversity, climate change and the oceans in relation to
Charles Darwin’s work in geology and evolutionary biology and Robert Fitzroy’s
pioneering work in weather forecasting. The Darwin and The Adventure Project is
a microcosm of what The HMS Beagle Project hopes to accomplish with the
voyage of the new Beagle. The programme with the Tocorimé will enable the
evaluation of the feasibility and potential of scientific and educational
programmes planned for the new Beagle.
Dr Karen James is Director of Science for The HMS Beagle Project responsible for
creating scientific networks in support of its projects. Karen studied for her PhD in
the Department of Genome Sciences at the University of Washington, Seattle,
USA. Karen is a post-doctoral researcher in the Department of Botany at the
Natural History Museum (NHM) in London. As part of Karen’s work as the science
coordinator of a Darwin2000 project at the NHM Karen studied the DNA of
mockingbirds collected by Charles Darwin. http://www.nhm.ac.uk/aboutus/news/2008/november/darwins-mockingbirds-knock-finches-offperch23090.html. Karen is interested in the DNA Bar-coding, systematics,
developmental genetics and the evolution of plants. Karen is part of the
international project the ‘Barcode of Life’ (identifying species with DNA bar-
Final_060810
10
coding).
David Lort-Phillips is a Trustee of The HMS Beagle Project with a keen interest in
science and, in particular, how a modern rebuild of HMS Beagle might contribute
to future scientific research. David shares ancestry with John Lort Stokes, officer,
surveyor and cabin mate of Charles Darwin during the second voyage of HMS
Beagle. John Lort Stokes later went on to be Captain of the vessel during its third
expedition charting the unknown waters of Western Australia. David is also the
Director of the Darwin Centre for Biology and Medicine, Pembrokeshire, Wales.
4.3
Tocorimé Pamatojari - The Brazilian Wooden Tall Ship
Tocorimé (translated as Spirit of Adventure) is a 120-foot Brazilian Wooden Tall
Ship built by hand in the Amazon. Since her maiden voyage along the Brazilian
Coastline celebrating Brazil 500, she has performed many educational and social
programmes. Her participation in The Darwin and the Adventure Project was to
establish a prototype of activities and a collaborative network to re-trace Charles
Darwin’s South American voyage. This voyage called “Tocorimé - Following
Darwin Expedition” intends to sail from the archipelago of Fernando de Noronha,
Brazil to the Ecuadorian archipelago of the Galapagos Islands, visiting up to 15
South America ports of call with an educational program promoting Charles
Darwin’s lasting legacy and biodiversity science. What Darwin experienced will be
relived now!
The Tall Ship Tocorimé
Markus Lehmann is the owner/manager of the Tocorimé. Since 1988 Markus has
been dedicated to keeping Tall Ship traditions, including co-founding and building
the Tocorimé. Since 2000 Markus has been developing Sustainable Adventure
Travel in Brazil and educational and training projects using the Tocorimé as his
flagship for these projects.
Adriana Perusin has extensive experience in social programmes and projects with
not-for-profit organisations, corporations and government and international
agencies. Adriana has worked with the Brazilian Ministry of Culture, the
Department for International Development UK, the Dutch Ministry of Foreign
Affairs, UNESCO, the European Commission and a number of American
Foundations.
Final_060810
11
4.4
Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro (UFRJ), Macaé, RJ, Brasil.
Professor Fabio Di Dario is Professor, Núcleo em Ecologia e Desenvolvimento
Sócio-Ambiental (NUPEM), Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro (UFRJ). Fabio is
an ichthyologist whose main interests are the phylogenetic relationships of
teleosts and the taxonomy of fishes in general. In recent years, Fabio has been
engaged in raising public awareness on the topics of evolution and diversity. He
was co-responsible for the first Darwin Day at the Museu de Zoologia,
Universidade de São Paulo (MZUSP). He is the curator of the “Science Room” at
NUPEM/UFRJ. His research focuses on the systematics, ontogeny and
biogeography of clupeomorphs, and related groups, and on the evolution of
morphological character complexes.
4.5
Professor Patricia Miloslavich is Professor of Marine Biology at the Universidad
Simón Bolívar (USB). She is in charge of the Marine Biology Laboratory at USB,
and teaches Marine Biology, Reproduction of Marine Invertebrates and Principles
of Biology. Patricia is a biologist graduated at Universidad Simón Bolívar,
Venezuela with a Ph.D. in Oceanography from University of Quebec at Rimouski,
Canada. Patricia is senior scientist for the Census of Marine Life program aimed to
study the diversity, distribution and abundance of marine life, past, present and
future. Her research focuses on gastropod reproduction, and on tropical
gastropod assemblages on sea grasses and rocky shores as part of the Nagisa
project in South America and the Caribbean. http://cbm.usb.ve/CoMLCaribbean/
4.6
Universidad Nacional de Mar del Plata, Mar del Plata, Argentina
Professor Juan Díaz de Astarloa Professor, Departamento de Ciencias Marinas,
Universidad Nacional de Mar del Plata, Mar del Plata, Argentina, and researcher at
the National Council of Scientific and Technical Research (CONICET). Juan is an
ichthyologist with a Ph.D. in Biological Sciences from Universidad Nacional de Mar
del Plata, Argentina. He is part of the advisory board of the Instituto de
Investigaciones Marinas y Costeras, and teaches Animal Biology, Vertebrate
Zoology, and Bioecology of Fishes. Juan is currently acting as vice-chair of the
Argentine node of the International Barcode of Life Project (iBOL). His areas of
field work are: Ichthyology, Biology of Fishes, Ecology, distribution and diversity
of south-western Atlantic fishes, and DNA-based identification of Argentine fishes
using Cytochrome Oxidase subunit I variation (CoI).
4.7
Dr Eulogio H. Soto is a Researcher and Lecturer in Marine Biology at Facultad de
Ciencias del Mar y de Recursos Naturales, Universidad de Valparaíso. He is a
Marine Biologist with a Ph.D. in Oceanography and Marine Biology from the
National Oceanography Centre, Southampton University, and The Natural History
Museum, London. Eulogio teaches Marine Benthos and Coastal Management. His
research interests are related with deep-sea biology, benthic ecology, the
biodiversity of soft-bottom and rocky shores communities and the taxonomy of
marine invertebrates, mainly polychaetes and peracarid crustaceans. In October
2009 Eulogio started work on intertidal and shallow sub tidal marine biotopes in
fjords and channels of southern Chile, visiting the same places that Charles
Darwin discovered 20 decades ago.
Final_060810
12
4.8
Universidade do Vale do Itajaí, Santa Catarina, Brazil
Dr Leonardo Rörig is a Lecturer in Planktology and Ecology at the Universidade do
Vale do Itajaí. Leonardo is marine biologist with an MSc in Oceanography and
PhD in Ecology. His research activities are related to phytoplankton ecology and
physiology and environmental microbiology. He is the leader of the microbiology
research group of the Census of Marine Life (CoML) South Atlantic MAR-ECO (MidAtlantic Ridge Ecosystems) initiative. This new project is studying Patterns and
Processes of the Ecosystems of the Southern Mid – Atlantic. Leonardo’s scientific
interests include environmental biotechnology and ecology of marine
phytoplankton blooms.
4.9
Professor Ciro Oyarzún González is the Chairman of the Department of
Oceanography at the University of Concepcion. He is an expert in the biology of
fish and studies processes in microevolution and biogeography. He has an interest
in living resources and the reproductive and trophic biology of fish. Ciro is a
partner in the Fish Barcode of Life initiative (FISHBOL).
4.10
The Municipal District of Paraty (Tourism & Culture & Education
Departments)
and The Paraty Convention and Visitors Bureau
Considered one of the most historically harmonic and ideal architectural areas of
Brazil, enriched with an important role in Brazilian contemporary history and with
its historic centre, mountainous tropical Atlantic rain forest and enveloping and
tranquil maritime regions, Paraty today is host for a wide variety of International
events and celebrations. The Municipal District of Paraty promotes public
participation in education, focusing on Social Educational Inclusion.
Paraty as seen from the Tall Ship Tocorimé.
Final_060810
13
The Paraty Convention & Visitors Bureau (PCVB) is a non profit association of
entrepreneurs and professionals in the tourism sector and serves as a public
relationships liaison between public and private entities. It focuses on the
development and support of conventions, fairs, and other regional, national and
international events while maintaining the historical, cultural and ecological
foundations of Paraty.
4.11
Duke University Marine Laboratory
Kevin A. Zelnio is a marine biologist with an M.Sc. in Biology. Kevin has worked
on the systematics, ecology and population genetics of animals at deep sea
hydrothermal vents and methane seeps. At present Kevin works in the lab of Dr.
Cindy Van Dover developing microsatellite methods and fine-scale population
genetic analyses of hydrothermal vent invertebrates with varying life history
strategies. Kevin’s practical knowledge of molecular biology in the field is critical
in ensuring success in demonstrating these methods on sailing vessels. Kevin is
also a freelance science writer, web blogger and taxonomist (a modern day
Charles Darwin). Kevin is a key player in promoting biodiversity research through
the DEEPSEA News web pages.
4.12
The National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA)
In October 2008 NASA and the HMS Beagle Trust signed a Space Act Agreement
for cooperation in science, educational outreach and public affairs. The
agreement foresaw linking astronauts aboard the International Space Station
(ISS) with sailing vessels in the HMS Beagle Project to investigate the biology of
coral reefs and the surface ocean. The collaboration was initiated by astronaut
and spaceflight physician Michael R Barratt after he read about the HMS Beagle
Project in Science magazine. In a press release in 2008 Michael Barratt noted
“Space stations, square riggers and marine biology: science does not get more
exciting than this and we need to get the enquiring young minds of today excited
by science. Almost everything we take for granted today, a scientist was involved
somewhere in its development and I think the ISS circling the world while a
scientific square rigger with Beagle’s pedigree rounds Cape Horn, making new
discoveries at sea and on land, streaming footage back to labs and classrooms
will be a great way to welcome young minds into the excitement and adventure of
science.” To facilitate the connections to Michael Barratt and the International
Space Station Mr David Harkness Garrison (NASA) attended the Paraty workshop.
Final_060810
14
5
AIMS
The overall scientific aims of the workshop in Paraty were:
1. to celebrate the life and work of Charles Darwin
2. to set his work in the context of the international activities of the
Census of Marine Life and the Consortium for the Barcode of Life
3. To create a network of young scientists in South America to further
research in biodiversity, evolution and systematics
4. to explore what modern science is possible from tall ships
5. to run two half-day voyages out into inshore waters on the Brazilian tall
ship Tocorimé, to correspond with photography taken by astronauts aboard
the International Space Station (ISS) as it passes directly over the region at
the same time
The educational aims of the programme were:
1. to deliver a compelling presentation to ~60 school children from three
local Paraty schools (Escola Estadual Almirante Álvaro Alberto, Escola
Municipal de Ensino Fundamental Ministro Sergio Motta and Educandário
Torres de Pádua) promoting the Darwin legacy, maritime history (onboard
Tocorimé) & evolutionary science
2. to create a live audio connection between ~60 local school children and
astronauts on the International Space Station and to receive live answers
from the astronauts to questions asked by the children.
3. to provide supporting educational documentation utilizing material from
the British Council and the Instituto Sangari
4. to hold a follow-up discussion involving teachers and the general public to
stimulate continued Darwin legacy activities in schools and in Paraty
School children in Paraty interacting with the International Space Station via live
links and hosted by the Darwin and The Adventure team.
Final_060810
15
6
EVENTS TIMELINE FOR THE WORKSHOP
All times local (UTC minus 3 hours)
18
September
(Friday)
16.00 Local schools educational event with The HMS Beagle Project and
NOCS
19
September
(Saturday)
-
20
September
(Sunday)
08.00-12.00 Sailing excursion aboard Tocorimé
17.00-19.00 Evening reception for British Council Darwin Now Network
participants – Conference Centre
21
September
(Monday)
09.00-18.00 British Council Darwin Now Network workshop
[Tocorimé half-day voyage, crew only]
12.00 Media representatives begin to arrive (interviews)
18.00-19.00 Evening media reception (interviews)
19.00 Dinner
20.00 Cocktail Reception for Media
22
September
(Tuesday)
06.00-11.00 Tocorimé short voyage, all participants. With additional
vessel for media.
11.00-18.00 Schools-ISS link: astronauts to answer school children's
questions live from space station (media interviews)
23
08.00-12.00 Sailing excursion (timed w/ ISS pass)
September
British Council Darwin Now Network participants depart
(Wednesday)
24
September
(Thursday)
Final_060810
08.00-12.00 Tocorimé excursion, media and coinciding with ISS
overhead pass, HMS Beagle Project, NOCS.
12.00- additional media interviews and educational links
16
7
WORKSHOP ACTIVITIES
7.1
Tocorimé and the new HMS Beagle: an opportunity for research in
the public gaze
To create a framework to support discussions of scientific research opportunities
celebrating Darwin's modern legacy, introductory presentations were made
describing plans for: (1) a 2010/2011 voyage around South America from
Fernando de Noronha to Galapagos using the existing Brazilian Tall Ship Tocorimé
and (2) future (i.e. post-2012) plans for a circumnavigation of the globe by a
modern rebuild of HMS Beagle including purpose-built scientific capabilities.
The research network unanimously affirmed that both of these tall ship projects
present exciting opportunities for contemporary science in the public gaze, and
tied with two of the most recognised scientific brands in history: Charles Darwin
and HMS Beagle. The South American voyage of Tocorimé being the most
immediate and also a unique opportunity for collaboration between South
American countries, this report focuses mainly on research plans discussed for
this first voyage.
A reception on board the Tall Ship Tocorimé at the start of the workshop with
words of welcome by Markus Lehmann and Karen James.
It was agreed that while the Tocorimé presented an exciting, near-future
opportunity for a focused, South American marine science programme, the new
HMS Beagle would offer a longer-term, and dedicated platform for a more
ambitious and layered scientific programme. As such the scientific programme
aboard Tocorimé was seen as a bridge to an intended long-term programme.
7.2
Biodiversity beyond borders: a proposed research programme for
the South American voyage of tall ship Tocorimé
The proposed voyage of Tocorimé presents a catalyst for international
cooperation among researchers from different South American countries to
address trans-oceanic and trans-continental biogeographic questions of broad and
international significance.
Acknowledging that funding for improvements to Tocorimé for open ocean sailing
Final_060810
17
and scientific research is still being sought, and as such there may be a necessity
to shift the proposed timeline from July 2010 - July 2011 to, say, July 2011 - July
2012, we propose the following as a research outline for a circumnavigation of
South America aboard Tocorimé.
7.3
Unique selling points of science aboard a sailing ship
•
•
7.4
Biodiversity/marine biology research strands which fit with these
selling points
Assessment of biodiversity in poorly and/or unexplored coastal
regions of South America
DNA barcoding of fishes and key benthic organisms (macroalgae and
large invertebrates)
lightweight plankton trawls: phytoplankton blooms, meio- and mesofaunal DNA barcoding?, microbiology/metagenomics?, correlated
with space station imagery & standard oceanographic measurements
nearshore seabed sampling: diversity, distribution and abundance of
macroalgae and invertebrates along a latitudinal gradient
amenable to lightweight trawls only (i.e. no deeper than 100m)
•
•
•
•
•
7.5
science in the public gaze – the draw of an environmentally friendly
sailing vessel vs. traditional large research vessels is far greater for
the media and public.
better scientific platform than large research vessels in fjords and
restricted channel systems, access to intertidal, coastal and littoral
environments, because of the shallow draft and ability to reach
relatively shallow waters in previously unexplored places
Scientific questions (biodiversity beyond borders... i.e.
coordination of national research questions to address
international research imperatives)
•
•
•
•
•
•
Final_060810
How does biodiversity and abundance change along a latitudinal
gradient?
Connectivity among populations? By DNA barcoding fish and the
most conspicuous organisms found along the coast, it will be
possible to establish the degree of connectivity between
populations along a latitudinal gradient.
How do biogeographic breaks, such as the Parana-La Plata, the
passing from the Atlantic to the Pacific (Cape Horn or Magellan
Strait - depending which route the Tocorimé will take) and the
Humboldt Current, change species composition and abundance?
Is there evidence for recent shifts in the distribution of marine
organisms in the South America? What is the actual and possible
future effect of global warming and other human-related activities
on marine ecosystems of South America?
What is the biological reality of biogeographic provinces and smallscaled marine coastal eco-regions in South America?
Seabed sampling following the Census of Marine Life NaGISA
Project protocols in nearshore seagrass beds and rocky shores
along a latitudinal gradient worldwide. Samples taken with this
protocol could also be bar-coded to include molluscs, macroalgae,
18
polychaetes, crustaceans and other diverse and abundant
taxonomic groups.
7.6
Additional location-specific research strands
•
•
•
•
•
•
7.7
Darwin/Beagle historical notes
•
•
•
•
7.8
small ROVs for seabed work in Chile
South Atlantic Gyre - plastic debris (with consultation from Miriam
Goldstein of SEAPLEX)
gastropod reproductive strategies: providing more information on
gastropod reproduction over a latitudinal gradient (Thorson's rule)
and comparisons between the Pacific and Atlantic Oceans (Gallardo
and Penchaszadeh)
intertidal/coastal/littoral: apply the NaGISA (Natural Geography in
Shores Areas) protocol along the coast, establishing at least one
sampling site in every 20 degrees of latitude (up to 3 sites).
fjords/channels?
Patagonia/Tierra del Fuego/Chilean glaciology (in collaboration with
NASA)
Darwin - first record of phytoplankton blooms (LR)
revisiting HMS Beagle sites in southern Chile (ES)
Darwin's fishes (CO/FDD/KEJ)
Darwin - first plankton net
Logistics (participants)
•
•
•
•
professional core crew: 6 (minimum of 4)
film crew: 4
scientists: 4 at any one time, at least 1 from country of adjacent
coastline, ~2 barcoding, ~2 plankton/benthic research (CoML seabed
teams to carry out NaGISA protocols in at least one site every 20
degrees in latitude)
remaining berths for students, other media, guests, etc.
7.9
Logistics (equipment & space needs for proposed research aboard
Tocorimé)
•
•
•
•
•
Final_060810
light winch (for relatively shallow seabed samples ~50 m)
trawl nets for fish and invertebrates - needed for fish sampling, but
limited by Tocorimé capabilities, deck space and specification, etc
fishing gear (line, hooks, floatings, etc)
field
o light winch
o 50x50 cm quadrats
o cores (15 cm in diameter)
o light dredge
o diving gear: tanks / compressor
laboratory:
o waist-high benching
o microcentrifuge, thermocycler, heat block
o fridge, freezer, ice machine
19
•
•
•
o electricity: 110 and 220
o shelving for consumables
o photography
o space to lay out specimens
o LN2/EtOH
o microscopes
small, autonomous ROVs (collaboration with and sponsorship from
Petrobras?)
space in Tocorimé for large plastic drums - fishes and other
organisms collected between ports
space for a small library
7.10 South American scientific participants (bold = coastline formally
included in Tocorimé voyage plan Fernando de Noronha - Galapagos)
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
7.11
Brazil & Fernando de Noronha: Fabio Di Dario and Michael
Maia Mincarone (UFRJ), Leonardo Rorig,
Uruguay: to be determined
Argentina: Juan Díaz de Astarloa...
Falkland Islands: David Billett
Chile: Eulogio Soto
Peru: to be determined
Ecuador & Galapagos Islands: to be determined
Paraguay:
Bolivia:
Colombia:
Venezuela: Patricia Miloslavich
Guyana:
Suriname:
French Guiana:
Panama:
Sampling permissions & voucher specimen storage
Sampling permission is one reason for organising the scientific participation by
country. In any given country's coastal waters, at least two scientists working
aboard should be from that country. Permissions should be arranged on a country
by country basis by science lead from each country, but using overarching project
proposals and collaborative agreements etc. to support and inform applications.
Likewise each country's lead scientist will need to organise agreement for local
storage and long-term curation of any voucher specimens.
Final_060810
20
Karen James, Kevin Zelnio and Patricia Miloslavich testing how molecular analyses
might be conducted on board a sailing vessel in future expeditions.
7.12
NASA collaboration
The 'biodiversity beyond borders' theme invites a natural alignment with NASA:
astronauts commonly remark that the most conspicuous feature of the Earth
when first viewed from space is the absence of political borders. Currently an
International Space Act Agreement covers the relationship between The HMS
Beagle Trust and NASA, a collaboration on science (comparative observations
from space vs. from the new Beagle), public engagement and learning. The
extension of this agreement to cover the Tocorimé voyage would need to be
discussed and, hopefully, approved by NASA HQ.
An important consideration is that astronaut photography from the ISS is not
higher quality than satellite imagery, but the advantages include responsiveness
to breaking news and more likely to stimulate public interest (similar to the notes
above regarding the use of sailing ship as opposed to a large, diesel-driven
research vessel). Human spaceflight also invites comparisons to the voyages of
discovery aboard HMS Beagle.
7.13
Associated opportunities (aboard and in port)
• conferences/workshops/courses
• TED at sea http://www.tedprize.org/sylvia-earle/
• marine science and conservation documentaries projected on Tocorimé's
sails in port
7.14
Next Steps
• Expand and define scientific network in South America
• Establish relationship between this network and HMS Beagle Trust
(charity, non profit figurehead) ...i.e. not operational level Tocorimé
• Plan a workshop in 2011 to develop these science plans (acknowledging
that this will not take place until the funding is intact to ensure the
capability of Tocorimé to undertake the voyage) - Viña del Mar, Chile
Final_060810
21
identified as a possible location for the workshop as suggested by Eulogio
Soto
• Seek collaboration/co-branding with Partnership for Observations of the
Global Ocean (POGO) (through institutional membership), Census of
Marine Life (CoML) (or future international scientific programmes),
Consortium for the Barcode of Life (CBoL), Ocean biogeographic
Information System (OBIS), Encyclopaedia of Life (EoL), Open access
publisher e.g. Public Library of Science (PLoS), Science and Technology
Facilities Council (ISIS), Scientific Committee on ocean research (SCOR)
(via Beagle Trust)
• Explore expansion of Space Act Agreement between NASA and the Beagle
Project to include Tocorimé
• Jointly seek funding for scientific research (i.e. travel, subsistence and
research costs
Final_060810
22
8
DEVELOPMENT OF THE NETWORK SINCE THE PARATY WORKSHOP
The Darwin and The Adventure Network has continued to develop plans for
scientific expeditions on sailing vessels around the continent of South America
since the British Council workshop in Paraty. Plans have been affected by the
devastating earthquake in Chile, with significant effects on the laboratories of the
Network partners in Chile, but this has also added a sense of continuity with
Charles Darwin. Darwin and Robert Fitzroy witnessed a devastating earthquake
and tsunami in the same area of Chile and wrote vividly of their experiences. The
uplift of the land was very striking. The human tragedy caused by geological
events also left a lasting impression on them.
Despite these problems the Network partners in South America have been
working closely with the Tocorimé team in Brazil. On 22 April 2010 Markus
Lehmann was invited to present an overview of the ‘Tocorimé - Following Darwin
Expedition’ to the Group on Systematics and Evolutionary Biology at the
Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro (UFRJ), Macaé. Markus Lehmann
described how since Paraty workshop there had been a great deal of effort in
fund-raising for Expedition. Adriana Perusin had provided invaluable assistance
and support. Considerable progress had been made on obtaining funding for work
on the Brazilian Coastline. Work continues on raising funding for the remainder of
the programme throughout South America. It had been hoped to start the
Expedition in September 2010 in Fernando de Noronha, one of Darwin’s first
landfalls in South America, but the start has been delayed. A 5-month
programme of work on the Brazilian coast is scheduled to start in January 2011.
The work will be integrated with the Brazilian Government Ministry of
Environment - Maritime Section’s Coastal Protection Initiative "Amazonia AZUL".
Links between the Tocorimé team and Admiral Gamboa have been critical in this
process. A web site has been created to provide details of the expedition
(www.followingdarwin.com). In July 2010 Markus Lehmann met Dan Garrison of
NASA and Mike Barratt, our astronaut link to the International Space Station, at
the Kennedy Space Centre. Mike Barratt remains highly enthusiastic about the
scientific and educational potential of the links to the HMS Beagle Trust and the
Tocorimé. Dan Garrison confirmed that the relationship with NASA for the
Tocorimé would need to be via the HMS Beagle Trust and its ongoing
International Space Act Agreement.
The HMS Beagle Trust continues to make significant progress in developing a
Darwin Expedition. Shortly after the success of the workshop in Paraty, the HMS
Beagle Trust visited contacts in Santiago, Chile, to develop plans for work in
support of the Network in Chilean waters. By February 2010 there were distinct
prospects of raising substantial funds in Chile to build a new purpose built ship for
the scientific and educational goals in collaboration with the HMS Beagle Trust.
Contacts have been made in Chile with people of influence in business, politics,
the Chilean navy and media. These have now been extended to the Chilean
Chamber of Commerce.
A new workshop is planned for 2-5 November 2010, depending on funding. The
workshop will discuss plans to raise $10M for a sailing ship in Chile. A preliminary
meeting was held on 27 April 2010 to develop the workshop. The workshop will
occur in either Santiago or at the Universidad de Valparaíso, Viña del Mar, one of
the Network partners. The aim is to bring together the Network, particularly the
Chilean members, in Valparaiso and Concepcion, to meet with educational policy
specialists, senior naval commanders, politicians and leading business figures.
The workshop will reinforce the historical and modern ties of Chile and the UK.
Lord Julian Hunt (http://www.cpom.org/people/jcrh/cv-brief.htm), one of the
Final_060810
23
UK’s leading scientists in climate change, meteorology and the study of the global
marine environment, has agreed to chair the meeting.
The workshop in Paraty has been instrumental in opening up new opportunities
for The HMS Beagle Trust in the UK. A plan is emerging for a major cultural and
scientific project jointly funded in the UK and Chile for two ships, one to be built
in Chile and the other in the UK, both working together under the HMS Beagle
brand. The UK ship will re-enact the Darwin/Fitzroy voyage, covering maritime
heritage, skills training, media opportunities and fund raising. The Chilean vessel
will be somewhat larger and will be a purpose made modern vessel stationed in
South America for scientific research and for educational programmes across a
wider area in the Southern Hemisphere, including Australia. The project has a
detailed build specification and funding plan. For the UK vessel a meeting is to be
held within the next month with a major new financier. In total, ₤20M is being
sought from these latest contacts.
Much work lies ahead to plan the role, design, operational programme and
management of the new ships. There is a vital need for consultation with key
partners and sponsors in the UK and South America, including the development of
the science and education missions started in Paraty. The new project would
provide a creative focus for the British Council Darwin Now project in science and
outreach. Further support from the Darwin Now initiative for a follow up
workshop in Chile would be most timely and productive.
Final_060810
24
9
CONCLUDING REMARKS
The Darwin and The Adventure project was extremely successful. A new network
of young scientists in South America, the UK and USA has been created in the
areas of marine biodiversity and evolutionary science. Most of the scientists in
South America are post-doctoral researchers and lecturers at the start of their
careers. They are of a similar age to Charles Darwin and Robert Fitzroy during the
historic second voyage of HMS Beagle. Lasting working relationships and
friendships have been created. The role of the British Council was critical in
bringing the group together. It was perceived that the meeting was unlikely to
have occurred in any other way owing to the politics in the continent. Moreover, it
stimulated scientists in each country, each with their own national concerns, to
think of the wider picture. Charles Darwin made his great insights into life on
Earth because he saw nature on a global scale. Many issues being addressed
today, such as the management of marine resources and the conservation of
biodiversity, require perspectives that are continental in scale.
Sailing vessels offer a different way of conducting marine science. There are
certain advantages and some distinct problems. By direct experience the Darwin
and The Adventure project has added to the growing literature on Science and
Sail. There is a place for sailing vessels in oceanography, but good data can be
gained only by careful planning and a realistic approach as to what is possible. A
major step forward may be taken by combining sampling within the spatial
context provided by satellite observations.
We are greatly indebted to the Municipality of Paraty, the owners of the Tocorimé,
NASA and the International Space Station, in providing the colourful canvas on
which our science was presented. Science is exciting. This can be seen clearly in
the response of the local school children to the event. A modern view of the
world was created within a framework created 150 years ago by Charles Darwin.
Darwin derived much of his inspiration from his teachers. Hopefully the workshop
in Paraty has sown the seed of knowledge and creativity in another lively mind for
another Charles Darwin.
Final_060810
25
10
MEDIA AND OTHER WEB OUTPUTS FROM THE WORKSHOP
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Ka2bmIF3ZDY&feature=related
http://www.zelnio.org/2009/09/01/following-in-darwins-footsteps/
http://deepseanews.com/tag/tocorime/
http://deepseanews.com/2009/10/darwin-and-the-adventure-sailing-scienceand-outreach-in-south-america/
http://deepseanews.com/2009/09/following-in-darwins-footsteps/
http://deepseanews.com/2009/09/darwin-and-the-adventure-day-2/
http://fiveprime.org/hivemind/Tags/beagleproject
http://www.coml.org/news/census-news-2009?page=1
http://www.reporteraventura.com/portal/site.php?id=2118?monta=63a9f0ea
7bb98050796b649e85481845ee11cbb19052e40b07aac0ca060c23eecd0acfe0
85eeb0f874391fb9b8009bed
http://www.flickr.com/groups/darwinadventure/
http://www.thebeagleproject.com/
http://thebeagleproject.blogspot.com/2009/10/darwin-and-adventure-medialinkfest.html
http://deepseanews.com/2009/10/darwin-and-the-adventure-sailing-scienceand-outreach-in-south-america/
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=CJMgkT1AjGU
http://www.ideias.org.br/informativo/paraty-recebe-conferenciainternacional-darwin-e-a-aventura
http://riosulnet.globo.com/web/conteudo/16_265489.asp
http://www.coml.org/news/census-represented-darwin-and-adventure
http://www.revistamundoeco.com.br/mundoecoconferencia_darwin_e_a_aventura_em_paraty.html
http://www.sidneyrezende.com/noticia/55726+conferencia+internacional+de
bate+reflexos+atuais+da+teoria+de+darwin
http://derrubandobarreiras.blogspot.com/2009/09/darwin-e-aventuratocorime-pamatojari.html
http://noticias.terra.com.br/brasil/noticias/0,,OI3988722-EI306,00.html
http://news.duke.edu/2009/09/zelniobrazil.html
http://www.scienceonline2010.com/index.php/wiki/Darwin_and_the_Adventu
re_The_iMovie/
http://www.paraty.com.br/noticiasparaty.asp?id=1575
http://elnacional.com/www/site/p_contenido.php?q=nodo/102081/Ciencia%20y%20B
ienestar/Venezolana-sigue-las-huellas-de-Darwin
http://agenciabrasil.ebc.com.br/arquivo/node/337078?page=1
http://www.paratyonline.com/noticias_ler.asp?cod=205
http://video.globo.com/Videos/Player/Noticias/0,,GIM1164607-7823CIENCIA+TENTAR+REPETIR+AS+EXPEDICOES+DE+DARWIN,00.html
Final_060810
26
11
WORKSHOP PRESS RELEASE
An astronaut’s-eye view of Darwin’s voyage along the coast of Brazil
The International Space Station (ISS) and a tall ship will connect off the coast of
Brazil this week in a unique project to celebrate Charles Darwin’s travels around
South America. Two half-day voyages aboard the Tocorimé, a 120-foot Brazilian
wooden tall ship, will coincide with passes of the ISS. In collaboration with NASA, live
hook-ups to the ISS will enable the scientists aboard Tocorimé and local school
children in Paraty to talk with an ISS astronaut as he flies overhead at 17,500mph.
Astronaut Michael Barratt will photograph the Tocorimé’s position from the ISS as she
sails along the coast carrying out oceanographic measurements and feasibility studies
to explore the potential for doing modern science on sailing ships.
Supported by the British Council and organised by scientists from South America and
the UK, the Tocorimé operators, the organisers of The HMS Beagle Trust and NASA,
the week-long event brings together a scientific workshop in Paraty, Brazil, scientific
cruises, and educational outreach. Calls with the scientists and the ISS will enable
local students to ask questions of these modern explorers, at sea and in space. At the
same time, a workshop in Paraty will bring together a new international team to
discuss key results in Census of Marine Life and Barcode of Life in South America and
identify key questions for marine research in the waters around South America.
"When Charles Darwin visited Brazil on HMS Beagle in 1832 he was just 22 years old.
His fresh mind changed the world. The workshop in Paraty seeks to inspire a new
generation of young scientists by viewing the planet from space and changing how we
see life on Earth," said Dr David Billett, of the National Oceanography Centre,
University of Southampton and the leader of the scientific research aboard the
Tocorimé.
The South American event is a precursor to the planned recreation of Darwin’s 183136 voyage aboard HMS Beagle, which he called “the most important event” in his life
and which led to his later discovery of a mechanism for evolution. The HMS Beagle
Trust is raising funds for a modernized, seagoing rebuild of HMS Beagle to be built in
Milford Haven, Pembrokeshire at a cost of £5 million. She will carry modern scientific
equipment aboard and will be crewed by science students, researchers and
communicators. Those sailing aboard the 90-foot ship will collaborate with astronauts
aboard the ISS to investigate the biology of plankton blooms, coral reefs and other
ocean surface and terrestrial ecosystems as the new HMS Beagle circles the world.
Barratt, currently on the ISS, initiated the NASA agreement to develop the program
which will see astronauts aboard the ISS working with the crew on the new Beagle
during their time in orbit. In 2008 NASA and the HMS Beagle Trust signed a Space Act
Agreement for cooperation which will encompass three areas: joint science,
educational outreach and public affairs.
“Space stations, square riggers and marine biology: science does not get more
exciting than this. I think the ISS circling the world while a scientific square rigger
with Beagle’s pedigree rounds Cape Horn, making new discoveries at sea and on land,
streaming footage back to labs and classrooms will be a great way to welcome young
minds into the excitement and adventure of science,” Barratt said.
Media are invited to join the exploration, either in Brazil or via telephone interview.
More information is available at The HMS Beagle Project Blog
(http://thebeagleproject.blogspot.com/) and below. The students’ connection with the
ISS will be broadcast live online here, on Tuesday, September 22nd at 15.20 local
time (14.20 EDT, 19.20 BST): http://www.discoveryreflector.ca/ariss.htm (note there
will be a two-minute delay). The HMS Beagle Project Blog will also assemble additional
links to images, audio, video, and tweets as they are uploaded by participants before,
during and after the event.
Final_060810
27

Darwin and the Adventure project report

Transcrição

Documentos relacionados

LEITE, Heberton Lucas. Seleção Natural Em Tempo Real

beguiling beach resorts and rainforest retreats in

newsletter - St. Nicholas School

DW Special Issue Final 2 NOV web.P65

Codigo de coins de adventure quest worlds

Make a Difference - Adopt - Lighthouse Animal Shelter

Apresentação do PowerPoint

Belo Horizonte + Ouro Preto + Mariana + Congonhas + São João

Dragon Slayers

Full name of father