ueYevles - mt-iconnect.com

 MT
SANSKRIT COMPOSITE
Module 11 - VOICE
EDUCARE LTD.
(He´³eesie)
Voice
Active
1.


2.


194
Passive
Transitive
Intransitive
(mekeÀce&keÀ)
(DekeÀce&keÀ)
Impersonal
Active Voice
In mebmke=Àle, active voice is called as keÀle&efj He´³eesie as in active voice keÀlee&
i.e. Subject is important i.e. Verb takes the same person and number of
the subject.
Formation of Active Voice
In
Subject is in
Object is in
Verb depends on the person and number of
A ctive Voice
N ominative case
A ccusative case
S ubject
i) For a Transitive (mekeÀce&keÀ) root
Here the ending of the verb changes
according to the number and
person of the Subject.
e.g. Denb
HeÀueeefve Keeoeefce ~
ii) For a Intransitive (DekeÀce&keÀ) root
Here the object is absent. The verb
changes according to the number
and person of Subject.
e.g. Denb efueKeeefce ~
A
A
N
A
S
³ee®ekeÀeë
Oeveb
ueYevles ~
N
S
³ee®ekeÀeë ®eueefle ~
Passive Voice
In mebmke=Àle, passive voice is called keÀce&efCe He´³eesie, as in passive voice keÀce&
i.e. object is important i.e. Verb takes the same person and number of
the object.
Formation of Passive Voice
In
Subject is in
Object is in
Verb depends on the person and number of
P assive voice
I nstrumental case
N ominative case
O bject
e.g. i) Denb
A
N
P
I
HeÀueeefve
Keeoeefce ~
S
O
e.g.ii) ³ee®ekeÀeë Oeveb
A
N
A
P
I
N
ueYevles ~
ce³ee
HeÀueeefve
KeeÐevles ~
³ee®ekeÀwë
ueY³eles ~
A
N
Oeveb
S
O
SCHOOL SECTION
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EDUCARE LTD.
SANSKRIT COMPOSITE
Passive form of the root is formed by adding `³e' to the root and adding
DeelcevesHeo termination, according to the person and number of the object.
Passive Form = Root +
Root
Active form
Passive Form III person singular
Present
III singular Present Imperative Potential Imperfect Past
Heþd
Keeod
keÀLed
ueYed
¢Med - HeM³ed
ieced - ie®íd
Yet - YeJed
oe - ³e®íd
Hee - efHeyed
mLee - efle<þd
%ee
ke=À
Ë - njd
mce= - mcej d
JeHed
Je®ed
Jend
Jeod
Jemed

³e + AP termination according to object
Heþefle
Keeoefle
keÀLe³eefle
ueYeles
HeM³eefle
ie®íefle
YeJeefle
³e®íefle
efHeyeefle
efle<þefle
peeveeefle
keÀjeself e
njefle
mcejefle
JeHeefle
JeefkeÌle
Jenefle
Jeoefle
Jemeefle
Heþîeles
KeeÐeles
keÀL³eles
ueY³eles
¢M³eles
iec³eles
Yet³eles
oer³eles
Heer³eles
mLeer³eles
%ee³eles
efke´À³eles
efÛ³eles
mce³e&les
GH³eles
G®³eles
G¿eles
GÐeles
G<³eles
Heþîeleeced
KeeÐeleeced
keÀL³eleeced
ueY³eleeced
¢M³eleeced
iec³eleeced
Yet³eleeced
oer³eleeced
Heer³eleeced
mLeer³eleeced
%ee³eleeced
efke´À³eleeced
efÛ³eleeced
mce³e&leeced
GH³eleeced
G®³eleeced
G¿eleeced
GÐeleeced
G<³eleeced
Heþîesle
KeeÐesle
keÀL³esle
ueY³esle
¢M³esle
iec³esle
Yet³esle
oer³esle
Heer³esle
mLeer³esle
%ee³esle
efke´À³esle
efÛ³esle
mce³exle
GH³esle
G®³esle
G¿esle
GÐesle
G<³esle
DeHeþîele
DeKeeÐele
DekeÀL³ele
DeueY³ele
De¢M³ele
Deiec³ele
DeYet³ele
Deoer³ele
DeHeer³ele
DemLeer³ele
De%ee³ele
Deefke´À³ele
DeefÛ³ele
Demce³e&le
DeewH³ele
Deew®³ele
Deew¿ele
DeewÐele
Deew<³ele
Generally, when a root ends in Dee, passive form is formed by adding `F&' to it.
e.g. oe - oer³e, Hee - Heer³e, mLee, - mLeer³e etc.
When the root begins with Jed, in passive the form Jed changes to G.
e.g. JeHed - GH³e, Je®ed - G®³e etc.
Passive form of any Tense can be formed by adding DeelcevesHeo ending of the
respective tense to the root.
eg.
Heþd
De + Heþd
Heþd
Heþd
SCHOOL SECTION
³e
+ ³e
+ ³e
+ ³e
+
les
+ le
+ leeced
+ F&le
+
Heþîeles ~
= DeHeþîele ~
= Heþîeleeced ~
= Heþîesle ~
=
Passive Present Tense
Passive Past Tense
Passive Imperative Mood
Passive Potential Mood
195
 MT
SANSKRIT COMPOSITE
EDUCARE LTD.
Some examples of Active and Passive Sentences : Present Tense
Past Tense
A
P
meë
lJeeb
HeM³e efle ~
lesve
l®eb
¢M³emes ~
N
I
A
N
Oesvegë
ogiOeced
De³e®í led ~
OesvJee
ogiOeced
Deoer³ele ~
A
P
S
O
N
I
Imperative Mood
A
P
3.
efHelee
keÀLeeb
efHe$ee
keÀLee
N
I
A
N
A
N
S
O
Potential Mood
keÀLe³eleg ~
A
P
S
O
³ee®ekeÀë
Oeveb
ueY esle ~
³ee®ekesÀve
Oeveb
ueY³esle ~
N
I
keÀL³eleeced ~
A
N
S
O
Impersonal Voice
In some active sentences, where the root is Intransitive
i.e. Object is absent. When we change the voice of such sentences, it is
called Impersonal Voice. In this voice,
i)
Subject is in Instrumental Case
ii)
Verb = Root + ³e + AP Third Person Singular ending.
e.g.
i)
Denb ®eueeefce ~  ce³ee ®eu ³eles ~
ii)
Je³eb ®euee ceë ~  DemceeefYeë ®eu ³eles ~
REMEMBER THIS !
Active voice
Passive voice
Subject
Nominative
Instrumental
Object
Accusative
Nominative
Verb
Root + Conj. sign +
Root +
Termination acc.
Termination acc.
to person and
to person and
number of Subject
number of Object
PASSIVE FORMS
1)
3)
5)
keÀL³eles
keÀL³evles
G®³eles
³e + AP
IN THE TEXT BOOK.
- keÀLed (10UP)
- keÀLed (10UP)
- ye´t (2UP), Je®ed (2PP)
2)
4)
¢M³eles
efke´À³eles
-
¢Med (1PP)
ke=À (8UP)
** ** ** ** **
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S C HO O L S E C TI O N