For BOILERS

PUROLITE
Ion Exchange Resins
Dealkalization
Methods
Purolite Ion Exchange Resins
What is Alkalinity ?
Purolite Ion Exchange Resins
What is Alkalinity ?
Measure of :
Bicarbonate
HCO3
Carbonate
CO3
Hydroxide
OH
Typical Test:
- P & M Alkalinity Titration
Reported usually as: - ppm as CaCO3
Purolite Ion Exchange Resins
Why Dealkalize ?
For BOILERS:
- Carbonic Acid Corrosion of Condensate Pipework
Na2CO3 + H2CO3
NaHCO3
heat
Na2CO3 + H2O
2NaOH + H2CO3
heat
H2CO3
H2O + CO2
heat
Purolite Ion Exchange Resins
Condensate
+ Carbonic Acid
( H2CO3 )
Process
Corrosion
of lines
Raw Water
HCO3
Steam
+ CO2
Boiler
Softener
Blowdown
Feedtank
Why Dealkalize ?
For Dye Houses:
- Dyeing of fibers needs controlled pH
or controlled alkalinity
For Beverage Industry:
- Excessive Alkalinity causes flat taste
-typical control < 50 ppm as CaCO3
Purolite Ion Exchange Resins
How ?
A.
- Sodium SAC Softener followed by acid feed
B.
- Hydrogen SAC followed by caustic feed
C.
- Sodium SAC Softener / Chloride Dealkalizer
D.
- Split Stream (SAC).
E.
- Hydrogen WAC Dealkalizer/ Sodium Softener
F.
- Layered Bed WAC Dealkalizer/SAC Softeners
Purolite Ion Exchange Resins
CaHCO3
MgCl2
Na2SO4
Raw
Water
CO2
Na+ form
SST-60
Degassifier
Strong
Acid
Cation
NaHCO3
NaCl
Na2SO4
Dealkalized
& Softened
Water
Acid Feed
Soft Water
Sodium Cycle Softener + Acid Feed
Sodium Cycle Softening
+ Acid Feed
SOFTENER:
MgSO4
+ 2 R-Na
R2 - Mg + Na2SO4
Ca(HCO3)2 + 2 R-Na
R2-Ca + 2NaHCO3
ACID FEED:
2NaHCO3 + H2SO4
Na2SO4 + H2O + CO2
Purolite Ion Exchange Resins
CaHCO3
MgCl2
Na2SO4
Raw
Water
CO2
H+ form
C-100
Degassifier
Strong
Acid
Cation
H2CO3
HCl
H2SO4
NaCl
Na2SO4
Caustic Feed
Hydrogen Cycle Decationizer + Caustic Feed
Hydrogen Cycle Decationization
+ Caustic Feed
DECATIONIZER:
MgSO4 + 2 R-H+
R2 - Mg + H2SO4
Ca(HCO3)2 + 2 R-H+
R2-Ca + 2H2CO3
CAUSTIC NEUTRALIZATION:
H2SO4 + 2NaOH
Na2SO4 + 2H2O
DEGASSIFIER:
H2CO3
H2O + CO2
Purolite Ion Exchange Resins
CaHCO3
MgCl2
Na2SO4
Raw
Water
NaHCO3
NaCl
Na2SO4
Na+ form
Cl- form
C-100
A-300
Strong
Acid
Cation
Strong
Base
Anion
NaCl
Soft Water
Dealkalized Water
Softener + Chloride Cycle Dealkalizer
Softener + Chloride Dealkalizer
SOFTENER:
MgSO4
+ 2 R-Na+
Ca(HCO3)2 + 2 R-Na+
R2-Mg
+ Na2SO4
R2-Ca
+ 2NaHCO3
CHLORIDE DEALKALIZER:
NaHCO3
+ R-Cl-
R-HCO3 + NaCl
Na2SO4
+ 2 R-Cl-
R2-SO4 + 2NaCl
Purolite Ion Exchange Resins
CaHCO3
MgCl2
Na2SO4
NaHCO3
NaCl
Na2SO4
H2CO3
Raw Water
Na+ form
C-100
H+ form
C-100
Strong
Acid
Cation
Strong
Acid
Cation
Soft Water NaHCO3
NaCl
Na2SO4
H2CO3
HCl
H2SO4
Split Stream (SAC) Dealkalizer
CO2
Degassifier
Mixture of Soft &
Decationized Water
Split Stream Dealkalizer
SOFTENER:
+ 2R-Na+
R2-Mg
+ Na2SO4
Ca(HCO3)2 + 2R-Na+
R2-Ca
+ 2NaHCO3
R2-Mg
+ H2SO4
R2-Ca
+ H2CO3
MgSO4
DECATIONIZER:
MgSO4
+ 2R-H+
Ca(HCO3)2 + 2 R-H+
BLENDED:
2NaHCO3
+ H2SO4
Na2SO4 + H2O + CO2
Purolite Ion Exchange Resins
CaHCO3
MgCl2
Na2SO4
Raw
Water
H2CO3
MgCl2
Na2SO4
H+ form
C-105
Weak
Acid
Cation
CO2
Degassifier
Na+ form
C-100
Strong
Acid
Cation
NaCl
Na2SO4
Hydrogen WAC Dealkalizer + Sodium SAC Softener
HydrogenWAC Dealkalizer +
Sodium SAC Softener
WEAK ACID CATION UNIT:
Ca(HCO3)2 + 2R-H+
R2-Ca
+ 2H2CO3
SOFTENER:
MgCl2
+ 2R-Na+
R2-Mg
+ 2NaCl
CaSO4
+ 2 R-Na+
R2-Ca
+ Na2SO4
Purolite Ion Exchange Resins
CaHCO3 Raw
MgCl2
Water
Na2SO4
H+ form
C-105
WAC
Na+ form
C-100
SAC
H2CO3
NaCl
Na2SO4
CO2
Degassifier
NaCl
Na2SO4
Layered bed Hydrogen WAC Dealkalizer
+ Sodium SAC Softener
HydrogenWAC Dealkalizer +
Sodium SAC Softener
WEAK ACID CATION UNIT:
Ca(HCO3)2 + 2R-H+
R2-Ca
+ 2H2CO3
SOFTENER:
MgCl2
+ 2R-Na+
R2-Mg
+ 2NaCl
CaSO4
+ 2 R-Na+
R2-Ca
+ Na2SO4
Purolite Ion Exchange Resins
HCl
then
NaCl
Regeneration
H+ form
C-105
WAC
Degassifier
Na+ form
C-100
SAC
to drain
Layered bed Hydrogen WAC Dealkalizer
+ Sodium SAC Softener
Which Method ?
A.
- Sodium SAC Softener followed by acid feed
B.
- Hydrogen SAC followed by caustic feed
C.
- Sodium SAC Softener / Chloride Dealkalizer
D.
- Split Stream (SAC).
E.
- Hydrogen WAC Dealkalizer/ Sodium Softener
F.
- Layered Bed WAC Dealkalizer/SAC Softeners
Purolite Ion Exchange Resins
Which Method ?
FOR BOILERS:
A.
- Sodium SAC Softener followed by acid feed
B.
- Hydrogen SAC followed by caustic feed
C.
- Sodium SAC Softener / Chloride Dealkalizer
D.
- Split Stream (SAC).
E.
- Hydrogen WAC Dealkalizer/ Sodium Softener
F.
- Layered Bed WAC Dealkalizer/SAC Softeners
Purolite Ion Exchange Resins
Which Resins ?
C-100 Strong Acid cation
C-105 Weak Acid Cation
A-300 Type II Strong Base Anion
Purolite Ion Exchange Resins
Dealkazation
END
Purolite Ion Exchange Resins
Purolite
Ion Exchange Resins