What is selenium? - eLearning

NUTRACEUTICALS AND FUNCTIONAL
FOODS IN THERAPEUTICS
Cristina Carvalho
Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade de Lisboa, Portugal
24/01/2012
1
Introduction
Nutraceutical is an hybrid or contraction of
Nutrition and Pharmaceutical
“any substance that may be considered a food or a
part of a food and provides medical and health
benefits, including the prevention and treatment of
disease.”
24/01/2012
2
Functional foods are
“foods that by virtue of physiologically active components
provide health benefits beyond basic nutrition”
(ILSI)
“similar in appearance to a conventional food, consumed as
a part of the usual diet, with demonstrated physiological
benefits, and/or to reduce the risk of chronic disease
beyond basic nutritional functions”
(Health Canada)
“food fortified with added or concentrated ingredients to
functional levels, which improves health or performance.”
(Nutrition Business Journal)
24/01/2012
3
Functional foods include enriched cereals, breads, sport
drinks, bars, fortified snack foods, baby foods, prepared
meals.
Moreover, natural foods, such as fruits and vegetables
endowed with antioxidants and fiber, to fortified and
enriched foods, such as orange juice with added calcium
or additional carotenoids, to formulated ready-to-drink
beverages containing antioxidants and immune-supporting
factors.
The term “functional” implies that the food has some
identified value leading to health benefits, including
reduced risk of disease, for the person consuming it.
24/01/2012
4
Nutraceuticals are
“a product that is prepared from foods, but sold in the
form of pills or powders (potions), or in other medicinal
forms not usually associated with foods.”
(Health Canada)
“anything that is consumed primarily or particularly for
health reasons.”
(Nutrition Business Journal)
The potential functions of nutraceutical/functional food
ingredients are so often related to the maintenance or
improvement of health that it is necessary to distinguish
between a food ingredient that has function and a drug.
24/01/2012
5
CLASSIFYING NUTRACEUTICAL FACTORS
Examples of Nutraceutical Substances Grouped by Food Source
Plants
β-Glucan
Ascorbic acid
γ-Tocotrienol
Quercetin
Luteolin
Cellulose
Lutein
Gallic acid
Perillyl alcohol
Indole-3-carbonol
Pectin
Daidzein
Glutathione
Potassium
Allicin
δ-Limonene
Genestein
Lycopene
Hemicellulose
Lignin
Capsaicin
Geraniol
β-Ionone
α-Tocopherol
β-Carotene
Nordihydrocapsaicin
Selenium
Zeaxanthin
Minerals
MUFA
Animal
Conjugated Linoleic Acid (CLA)
Eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA)
Docosahexenoic acid (DHA)
Spingolipids
Choline
Lecithin
Calcium
Coenzyme Q
10
Selenium
Zinc
Creatine
Minerals
Microbial
Saccharomyces boulardii
(yeast)
Bifidobacterium bifidum
B. longum
B. infantis
Lactobacillus acidophilus
(LC1)
L. acidophilus
(NCFB 1748)
Streptococcus salvarius
(subs. Thermophilus)
Note:The substances listed in this table include those that are either accepted or purported nutraceutical substances.
From Wildman and Kelley, 2007
24/01/2012
6
Examples of Foods with Higher Content of Specific Nutraceutical Substances
Nutraceutical
Allyl sulfur compounds
Isoflavones (e.g., genestein, daidzein)
Quercetin
Capsaicinoids
EPA and DHA
Lycopene
Isothiocyanates
β-Glucan
CLA
Resveratrol
β-Carotene
Carnosol
Catechins
Adenosine
Indoles
Curcumin
Ellagic acid
Anthocyanates
3-n-Butyl phthalide
Cellulose
Lutein, zeaxanthin
Psyllium
Monounsaturated fatty acids
Inulin, Fructooligosaccharides (FOS)
Lactobacilli, Bifidobacteria
Catechins
Lignans
Substance/Family Foods of Remarkably High Content
Onions, garlic
Soybeans and other legumes, apios
Onion, red grapes, citrus fruit, broccoli, Italian yellow squash
Pepper fruit
Fish oils
Tomatoes and tomato products
Cruciferous vegetables
Oat bran
Beef and dairy
Grapes (skin), red wine
Citrus fruit, carrots, squash, pumpkin
Rosemary
Teas, berries
Garlic, onion
Cabbage, broccoli, cauliflower, kale, brussels sprouts
Tumeric
Grapes, strawberries, raspberries, walnuts
Red wine
Celery
Most plants (component of cell walls)
Kale, collards, spinach, corn, eggs, citrus
Psyllium husk
Tree nuts, olive oil
Whole grains, onions, garlic
Yogurt and other dairy
Tea, cocoa, apples, grapes
Flax, rye
From Wildman and Kelley, 2007
24/01/2012
7
Examples of Nutraceuticals Grouped by Mechanisms of Action
Anticancer
Capsaicin
Genestein
Daidzein
α-Tocotrienol
γ-Tocotrienol
CLA
Lactobacillus
acidophilus
Sphingolipids
Limonene
Diallyl sulfide
Ajoene
α-Tocopherol
Enterolactone
Glycyrrhizin
Equol
Curcumin
Ellagic acid
Lutein
Carnosol
L. bulgaricus
24/01/2012
Positive Influence Antioxidant
on Blood
Activity
Lipid Profile
CLA
β-Glucan
Ascorbic acid
γ-Tocotrienol
β-Carotene
δ-Tocotrienol
Polyphenolics
MUFA
Tocopherols
Quercetin
Tocotrienols
ω-3 PUFAs
Indole-3-carbonol
Resveratrol
α-Tocopherol
Tannins
Ellagic acid
β-Sitosterol
Lycopene
Saponins
Lutein
Glutathione
Guar
Hydroxytyrosol
Pectin
Luteolin
Oleuropein
Catechins
Gingerol
Chlorogenic acid
Tannins
Anti-inflammatory Osteogenetic or
Bone Protective
Linolenic acid
EPA
CLA
DHA
Soy protein
GLA
Genestein
(gamma-linolenic
Daidzein
acid)
Calcium
Capsaicin
Casein
Quercetin
phosphopeptides
Curcumin
FOS
(fructooligosaccharides)
Inulin
From Wildman and Kelley, 2007
8
24/01/2012
9
24/01/2012
10
Organizational scheme for nutraceuticals
Selenium has been recognized for his nutraceutical potential and
for integrating functional food recipes due to its antioxidant
properties. Usually Se integrates the MINERALS sub-group of
nutraceuticals.
From Wildman and Kelley, 2007
24/01/2012
11
Introduction
Selenium is a contradictory nutrient.
In 1817 the swedish scientist Jons Jakob Berzelius
first identifies Selenium. He named his new discovery
as selenium, after the moon goddess Selene, which is
curious since like the moon the element has two
faces, dark and light, good and bad…
It has been called the essential poisson – too much
of it in the diet can be toxic but too little can result in
chronic, and sometimes fatal, deficiency.
24/01/2012
12
Introduction
Though Se is probably the most widely investigated of all the trace
element nutrients, it continues to be highly controversial:
Se is considered by some as a serious hazard to the environment and
to animal health due to to the deformity and death caused to wildlife in
USA;
In some areas of China Se-rich soil is an hazard for the populations
on the crops growing there;
On the contrary, Finland decided to increase the Se soil levels by the
addition of Se to NPK fertilizers (1985 - 16mg/kg of sodium selenate on cereals
and 6mg/kg on grassland and after 1990 6mg/kg in both cases);
Also in China some populations developed serious cardio-vascular
deseases due to the Se deficient intake.
24/01/2012
13
Introduction
Despite the reports of the possible toxic effects, today
millions of people worldwide consume Se supplements.
They are encouraged to do so as a result of investigations
that indicate that Se has a vital role to play in human
health for instance in the prevention of cancer.
The findings indicate that Se is a key player in cellular
metabolism, is an essential component of enzymes that
protect the body against oxidative damage, and has
important roles in thyroid metabolism, human fertility, and
many other vital functions.
24/01/2012
14
Potential of Selenium in
Disease Prevention
Constituent of enzymes (GPx;TrxR; Selenoprotein P)
Decreases cancer risk (Linxian, Clark & Bonelli studies)
Prevents several types of diseases:
cardio-vascular
Keshan
Kashin-beck
Prevents liver necrosis
Decreases the toxicity of mercury
24/01/2012
15
Selenoproteins
The role of selenium has been largely attributed to its presence in
selenoproteins as the 21st amino acid, selenocysteine (Sec, U).
In the human genome 25 genes for selenoproteins have been
identified and among them the most important due to their
involvement in redox reactions are:
Glutathione peroxidases
Thioredoxin reductases
Iodothyronine deiodinases
In these proteins Sec is an active site residue essential for catalytic
activity.
Selenium deficiency leads to a dramatic loss of activity of these
selenoproteins.
24/01/2012
16
Selenoproteins
Selenoproteins have biological functions in:
Oxireduction
Redox signaling
Antioxidant defense
Thyroid hormone metabolism
Immune response
Thus, they possess a strong correlation with human diseases such
as:
Cancer
Keshan disease
Virus infections
Male infertility
Abnormalities in immune responses
Abnormalities in thyroid hormone function
24/01/2012
17
Antioxidant selenoproteins: GPx and TrxR
Among the twenty five human selenoproteins, the well-known
isoenzymes of
glutathione peroxidase (GPx)
and
mammalian thioredoxin reductase (TrxR) are responsible for
catalyzing redox reactions involving basic mechanisms in
cell growth like DNA synthesis and antioxidant defense.
Se is incorporated in the form of selenocysteine (Sec) in the active
sites of these enzymes, and participates in the catalytic mechanism of
reduction of peroxide by GSH-dependent GPx and reduction of
oxidized thioredoxin (Trx) by NADPH-dependent TrxR.
24/01/2012
18
Glutathione Peroxidases
GPXs are the major components of the human antioxidant defense. In
humans, we have 5 Sec containing GPxs:
Cytosolic GPx (cGPx/GPx1)
Gastro-intestinal specific GPx (GI-GPx/GPx2)
Plasma GPX (pGPx/GPx3)
Phospholipid hydroperoxide (PHGPx/GPx4)
Olfactory epithelium and embryonic tissues specific GPx (GPx5)
GPx 1-3 catalyze the reduction of hydrogen peroxide and organic
peroxides;
GPX4 can directly reduce phospholipid and cholesterol hydroperoxides
and is also involved in sperm maturation and male fertility
24/01/2012
19
Thioredoxin reductases
TrxR1 (cytosol/nucleous)
TrxR2 (mitochondria)
TGR (testis)
TrxR is the only enzyme able to reduce oxidized Trx, which has
important functions
Trx-(SH) 2 + Protein-S2 → Trx-S2 + Protein-(SH)2
Reaction 1
TrxR
Trx-S2 + NADPH + H+ → Trx-(SH)2 + NADP+
Reaction 2
24/01/2012
20
Thioredoxin reductases
TrxR is the only enzyme able to reduce oxidized Trx, which has
important functions:
*provides electrons to ribonucleotide reductase, which is essential
for DNA synthesis;
*reduces methionine sulfoxide reductase and peroxiredoxin;
* Is involved in many cellular signaling pathways by controlling the
activity of transcription factors such as NF-kB, AP-1, P53 and
ASK1.
* Mammalian TrxR has a broad range of functions, which include
reducing hydroperoxides and regenerating compounds such as
dehydroascorbate, lipoate and ubiquinone. Additionally,
selenium-compromised forms of TrxR induce apoptosis.
Overall, TrxRs are involved in the control of cellular proliferation, viability
and apoptosis through the control of Trx activity and redox state.
24/01/2012
21
Iodothyronine Deiodinases
DIO1 (liver, kidney and thyroid)
DIO2 (brain, pituitary, thyroid, skeletal muscle and brown adipose
tissue)
DIO3 (cerebral cortex and skin, placenta and pregnant uterous)
DIO1 and DIO2 catalyse the deiodination of thyroxine (T4), the major
hormone secreted by the thyroid gland into the active hormone T3,
3,5,3’-triiodothyronine and also rT3 into T2.
DIO3 converts T4 into reverse T3 (rT3) and T3 into T2.
24/01/2012
22
Sources of Selenium (FOOD)
Nuts (brazil-nuts)
Seafood
Meat, dairy products; offal
Cereals
Grains
i.e. the food source for selenium as a
nutraceutical can be plants or animals
24/01/2012
23
Chemical Forms of Selenium
Selenocysteine; HSeCH2CH(NH2)COOH
Selenocystine; HOOCCH2(NH2)SeSeCH(NH2)COOH
Selenomethionine; CH3SeCH2CH(NH2)COOH
Selenate; SeO42Selenite; SeO32Selenium yeast; unknown structure
Elemental Selenium; Se
Aromatic Selenium Compounds; ie.
Triphenylselenonium ion, diphenyl selenide, methyl phenyl selenide
24/01/2012
24
Selenium in Supplements
Selenite; selenate
L-selenomethionine
Most abundant
Highest rate of adsorption
Highest retention in tissues
Highest level of incorporation in enzymes
24/01/2012
25
Reference Intake Values for Selenium
UK Reference Nutrient Intake; RNI=75 µg/day for men and
RNI=60 µg/day for women and
LNRI=40 µg/day
US Food and Nutrition Board considered an Estimated Safe and
Adequate Daily Dietary Intake; ESADDI =50-200 µg/day
EU Tolerable Upper Limit, UL= 300 µg/day
IN USA more than 62% individuals participating in a national
survey in 2002 stated they have used supplements in the
previous year
24/01/2012
26
Selenium
Recomended
Dietary Intake
24/01/2012
27
Selenium Status and Dietary Intake
24/01/2012
28
Types of Selenium Supplements
Inorganic forms such as sodium selenite and
selenate;
Defined organic forms, including selenoaminoacids,
principally selenomethionine and selenocysteine, and
more complex forms found in Se-enriched yeast
(selenomethionine dominates with 60-84%) or other
foods.
24/01/2012
29
Nutraceuticals and Fuctional
Foods
Examples
24/01/2012
30
Research Project: INTEGRATED SYSTEMS FOR INCREASING PRODUCTION EFFICIENCY OF SHEEP
Title: Strategic Use of Naturally Selenium (Se)-rich Milling Coproducts to Eliminate Se Deficiency and Create Se-enriched Foods.
Author
Interpretive Summary: Selenium (Se) is essential for sustaining a healthy life. When
dietary Se was marginally deficient, populations experienced impaired reproduction and
growth rates and increased disease rates. Selenium-rich grains, harvested from regions with
seleniferous soils, are natural sources of bioavailable Se. Based on our research, Se-enriched
feeds can be prepared from high-Se grains that were harvested from regions with
seleniferous soils. These feeds were strategically and safely used to eliminate the risk of Se
deficiency in livestock while simultaneously creating Se-rich food products, such as meat and
milk, for human consumption.
Technical Abstract: Selenium (Se) is essential for
sustaining
a healthy life. When dietary Se
Taylor,
Joshua
was marginally deficient, populations experienced impaired reproduction and growth rates
and increased disease rates. Selenium-rich grains, harvested from regions with seleniferous
soils, were natural sources of bioavailable Se. These grains contained 3 to 20 times as much
Se as grains grown in soils with adequate Se availability. We isolated a specific wheat-milling
coproduct that had 37% greater Se content than the parent grain. Through strategic feeding
of Se-enriched coproducts, we enhanced the Se status of livestock. Muscle foods harvested
from lambs fattened on Se-enriched coproducts for 14 days provided more than 70% of the
daily Se requirement for humans. Milk collected from ewes fed Se-enriched coproducts during
the first 28 days of lactation had 7 times as much Se as milk from ewes fed sodium selenite.
Because of the degree of Se enrichment achieved, these ewes and their nursing young
grazed range without the need for supplemental Se for almost 1 year. Ultimately, we used a
naturally occurring Se-rich feed source to add nutritional value to food-animal products and
enhance the long-term Se status of livestock. Based on our research, Se-enriched feeds can
be prepared from high-Se grains that were harvested from regions with seleniferous soils.
Furthermore, these feeds can be strategically and safely used to eliminate the risk of Se
deficiency in livestock while simultaneously creating Se-rich food products, such as meat and
milk, for human consumption.
24/01/2012
[www.ars.usda.gov/research/publications/Publications.htm]
31
Selene-Activ
Key Points and Benefits
It is reported the average person in the UK is not getting
enough selenium due to low levels in our food. A good way
of increasing selenium intake is by daily supplementation.
Selene-Activ contains selenium yeast, which is the natural
source found in food.
Selenium is an antioxidant mineral that protects the cells and
tissues from damage by free radicals.
Sulforaphane is part of the antioxidant group called
isothiocyanates found in cruciferous vegetables, such as
broccoli, which has been shown to support certain liver
enzyme functions.
Selene-Activ contains a specific synergistic combination of
nutrients selected for their researched health benefits.
Convenient one-a-day formula.
24/01/2012
32
Why Selene-Activ ?
New formulation, new name for Selenium-ACE EXTRA A synergistic antioxidant
formula to help optimise the immune system and maintain body cell integrity.
Selene-Activ contains 200mcg of selenium. Studies continue to build on the
body of evidence that adequate selenium levels not only help maintain cell
integrity but also help maintain a healthy immune system, heart health and
the reproductive system.
New studies reveal the benefits of the selected, synergistic, additional ingredients.
Selene-Activ also contains 20mg alpha lipoic acid together with vitamins C and E.
In view of research studies we have introduced zinc and broccoli extract
(sulforaphane). (One-a-day tablets.)
Selene-Activ is a highly effective antioxidant product. Studies continue to
build on the body of evidence that adequate selenium levels not only help
maintain cell integrity but also help maintain a healthy immune system, heart
health and the reproductive system. New studies also reveal the benefits of the
selected, synergistic, additional ingredients.
24/01/2012
33
What is selenium?
Selenium is an essential trace mineral that plays an important role in human nutrition.
It was not until 1973 that the importance of selenium in a nutritional role was
ascertained. Human studies around the world continue to show the key role that it plays
in maintaining long-term health.
Selenium can only be obtained through dietary intake. A healthy diet should form the
basis of good nutrition. However, leading a busy life often makes eating regular,
nutritionally balanced meals difficult.
Recent reports have revealed that selenium levels in the average person in the UK are
only marginally adequate. This is largely because of a reduction in the amount of
selenium we get from our food. This is believed to be due to a decrease in the use of
North American wheat (which is high in selenium) for bread making. As a result, in the
UK the daily intake of selenium from the food we eat has declined from 60-63µg per
day in the 1970s and 1980s, to an estimated 29-39µg per day (Ministry of Agriculture,
Fisheries and Food, 1997). This amount compares unfavourably with guidelines,
known as the Reference Nutrient Intake (RNI), of 75µg per day for men and 60µg
per day for women (Report by Committee on Medical Aspects of Food Policy, 1991).
Over the past few years an increasing number of the population have begun to obtain
selenium from nutritional supplements. There are a number of selenium options
available and it appears that selenium enriched yeast is highly beneficial.
24/01/2012
34
Main constituents and their nutritional roles
Selenium
Selenium is an essential trace mineral which enters the food chain through plants
and plays an important role in many functions in the body.
Selenium can be found in liver, kidney, oily fish, Brazil nuts, whole wheat
cereals and mushrooms.
Selenium is also one of a group of nutrients referred to as an "antioxidant". This
is because it helps protect cells and tissues from damage by "oxidants",
especially "free radicals". Free radicals are volatile, potentially toxic substances
produced when we breathe and through exposure to sunlight, radiation, exhaust
fumes, tobacco smoke and other pollutants. A diet high in saturated fats also
produces more free radicals.
Antioxidant nutrients are able to quench free radicals before they can damage
cells or tissues. The more free radicals present, the greater the need for
antioxidant nutrients in our diet.
24/01/2012
35
What is important about the organic selenium yeast used by Wassen?
Selenomethionine is the major component of selenium yeast. It is the natural source
found in most foods. Yeast converts inorganic selenium mainly into selenomethionine
using the same pathway as foods such as cereals. Inorganic forms of selenium are not
natural substances in any food. The selenium that we consume from food sources is
mainly the organic form.
A large number of successful human studies have been conducted using supplemental
selenium yeast or higher levels of selenium intake from the diet. Long term studies have
also shown this form of selenium to be safe within the parameters of upper intake levels.
Who would take Selene-Activ?
Every adult in the UK in view of the fact that selenium soil levels in most parts of
this country are low. In particular:
Those who wish to help maintain body cell integrity and a healthy immune system.
Older people, especially those who wish to maintain healthy joints.
Sports people, as higher energy requirements may increase the need for antioxidant
protection.
Those who wish to maintain the health of their skin.
Those concerned about infections.
24/01/2012
36
Each one-a-day tablet provides:
Vitamin C
100mg
Vitamin E
20mg
Selenium (as
selenium yeast)
200µg
Zinc
8mg
Also provides:
Sulforaphane (from
broccoli extract)
100µg
Alpha Lipoic Acid
20mg
-
24/01/2012
37
Selenium-ACE
Selenium-ACE Helps to maintain a healthy immune system
Selenium-ACE is an antioxidant product containing the
essential trace mineral selenium with vitamins A, C and
E.
This product is an effective combination of nutrients to
help maintain a healthy immune system. Antioxidants
neutralise harmful substances in the body called free
radicals, which have the potential to damage cells and to
interrupt many body processes. (One-a-day tablets.)
24/01/2012
38
Key Points and Benefits
Selenium-ACE contains selenium yeast, which is the natural source found in food.
It allows for supplementation with other products containing selenium without exceeding
the recommended upper safe level.
It is reported the average person in the UK is not getting enough selenium due to low levels
in our food. A good way of increasing selenium intake is by daily supplementation.
Like selenium, the vitamins A, C, and E are required for good health and are also
antioxidants.
24/01/2012
39
What is important about the organic selenium yeast in Wassen Selenium-ACE?
Selenomethionine is the major component of selenium yeast. It is the natural source
found in most foods. Yeast converts inorganic selenium mainly into selenomethionine
using the same pathway as foods such as cereals. Inorganic forms of selenium are not
natural substances in any food. The selenium that we consume from food sources is
mainly the organic form.
A large number of successful human studies have been conducted using supplemental
selenium yeast or higher levels of selenium intake from the diet. Long-term studies have
also shown this form of selenium to be safe within the parameters of upper intake levels.
Who would take Selenium-ACE?
Every adult in the UK in view of the fact that selenium soil levels in most parts of this
country are low. In particular:
Those who wish to maintain a healthy immune system.
Older people, especially those who wish to maintain healthy joints.
Sports people, as higher energy requirements may increase the need for antioxidant
protection.
Those who wish to maintain the health of their skin.
24/01/2012
40
Each one-a-day tablet
provides
Vitamin A
(from Betacarotene and
Retinol)
(1500i.u.)
450
Vitamin E
(45i.u.)
30 mg
Vitamin C
90 mg
Selenium
100 µg
24/01/2012
41
The Centrum range is the world's No 1 selling multivitamin. Centrum,
with a natural form of lutein, helps to keep you feeling 100%. It
supplements your diet and lifestyle by containing all the essential
vitamins and minerals (27 in total) recommended on a daily basis.
24/01/2012
42
Nutritional information: Centrum*
Each tablet contains:
(average values)
Vitamin A
800
µg
Vitamin D
5
µg
Vitamin E
10
mg
Vitamin C
60
mg
Vitamin B1 (Thiamin)
1.4
Vitamin B2 (Riboflavin)
1.6
Niacin
18
mg
Vitamin B6 2
mg
Folic Acid
200
µg
Vitamin B12 1
µg
Biotin
150
µg
Pantothenic Acid
6
Vitamin K
30
µg
Calcium
162
mg
Phosphorus 125
mg
Iron
14
mg
Magnesium 100
mg
Zinc
7.5
mg
Iodine
150
µg
Copper
700
µg
Manganese 2.5
mg
Potassium
40
mg
Chloride
36.3
mg
Chromium
25
µg
Molybdenum 25
µg
Selenium
25
µg
Lutein
250
µg
• No EC RDA established
Energy, protein, carbohydrate and fat content negligible.
24/01/2012
% EC RDA
RE
α - TE
mg
mg
NE
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
mg
100
•
20
16
100
33
50
100
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
*Selenium 70 µg
43
Ingredients
Calcium hydrogen phosphate, magnesium oxide, bulking agent: E460,
potassium chloride, vitamin C, ferrous fumarate, stabiliser: E1201,
gelatin, bulking agent: E464, niacinamide, vitamin E, starch, zinc oxide,
manganese sulphate, calcium pantothenate, silicon dioxide, sucrose,
vitamin B6, vitamin B1, beta carotene, cupric sulphate, vitamin B2,
thickener: acacia gum, vitamin A, emulsifiers: stearic acid; magnesium
stearate; E433, lutein, lactose (from milk), folic acid, potassium iodide,
biotin, chromium chloride, modified food starch, sodium molybdate,
sodium selenate, vitamin K, vitamin D, vitamin B12, colourants: E110;
E171.
24/01/2012
44
Active
After physical exertion your body needs to
replenish its energy stores and return to a
state of balance in order to meet new
challenges. Therefore in addition to LP 299v,
ProViva Active contains both simple and
complex carbohydrates in the form of
glucose, sucrose and fructose, as well as
high-value protein in the form of whey
protein. It also contains the minerals
magnesium, zinc, manganese, copper,
selenium, and vitamins C, E, pyridoxine (B6),
and beta-carotene.
24/01/2012
45
Active
Blueberry/raspberry/lemon
Ingredients
Water, glucose 6%, mixed fruit (blueberries, raspberry, lemon), sucrose 4%,
whey protein, fructose 2%, oat flour, acidity regulator (citric acid), aroma, malt
flour of barley, vitamins (beta-carotene, B6, C, E), minerals (copper,
magnesium, manganese, selenium, zinc), culture: Lactobacillus plantarum 299v.
Blueberry 2%, raspberry 2% and lemon 0.5%
Nutrition facts per 100g (ca 1 dl)
Energy 260 kJ / 60 kcal
Protein 2 g
Carbohydrate 13 g
Fat < 0.1 g
Beta-carotene 2 mg
Vitamin C 80 mg (133% of RDI*)
Vitamin E 40 mg (400% of RDI*)
Vitamin B6 2 mg (100% of RDI*)
Copper 0.1 mg
Magnesium 15 mg (5% of RDI*)
Manganese 0.2 mg
Selenium 10 µg
Zinc 1 mg (7% of RDI*)
* RDI = recommended daily intake
24/01/2012
46
RILASTIL DERMO-SOLAR Cápsulas, é um suplemento
nutritivo dermatológico, rico em anti-oxidantes,indicado em
situações de pele sensível à radiação solar, em situações de
alergia ao sol, ou ainda em situações de exposição prolongada
ao sol. Permite uma protecção contra os danos nefastos da
radiação solar a nível sistémico, prevenindo assim o
fotoenvelhecimento.
Permite obter um bronzeado mais seguro e uniforme,
restabelecendo as defesas naturais da pele.
Composição:
L-Tirosina, Óleo de Borragem, Óleo de Germen de Trigo,
Betacaroteno, Selénio, Vitamina E, Extracto de Semente de
uva
24/01/2012
47
.Características:
RILASTIL DERMO-SOLAR Cápsulas, é um suplemento nutritivo dermatológico que permite reforçar as
defesas naturais da pele, perante a radiação solar,sendo por isso indicado em situações de pele sensível, na
exposição solar prolongada e em situações de pele intolerante ao sol.
RILASTIL DERMO-SOLAR Cápsulas, é rico em anti-oxidantes, como o Betacaroteno, Selénio, Vitamina
E e Extracto de Semente de Uva, substâncias que vão capturar e impedir a formação de radicais livres,
cuja produção é estimulada pela radiação U.V. e que são responsáveis por alterações a nível celular
e a longo prazo pelo fotoenvelhecimento.
RILASTIL DERMO-SOLAR Cápsulas tem na sua constituição L-Tirosina, aminoácido percursor da
melanina, pigmento responsável pela tonalidade bronzeada da pele. A L-Tirosina favorece assim a síntese
de melanina, promovendo o aparecimento de um bronzeado uniforme, seguro e eficaz. De salientar que a
tonalidade bronzeada da pele, constitui a protecção natural da pele, perante a radiação ultravioleta.
Indicações:
Na Pele Sensível à radiação solar
Prevenção do fotoenvelhecimento cutâneo .
Urticária solar (alergia)
Na exposição solar prolongada
24/01/2012
48
RILASTIL ANTI-OXIDANTE cápsulas, constitui
um suplemento nutritivo dermatológico com
actividade anti-oxidante, que permite proteger o
organismo da acção nefasta dos radicais livres,
prevenindo o envelhecimento da pele e do
organismo em geral, preservando assim o normal
funcionamento do organismo.
RILASTIL ANTI-OXIDANTE está indicado em
situações em que se verifica um aumento da
produção de radicais livres como dietas
deficientes, tabagismo, stresse, envelhecimento
cutâneo, sinais de trabalho excessivo, curas de
emagrecimento ou mesmo para quem pratica
muito desporto.
24/01/2012
49
Composição:
Óleo de Peixe (rico em coenzima Q10), Óleo de Borragem, Zinco, Selénio, Vitamina E,
Betacaroteno.
Características:
RILASTIL ANTI-OXIDANTE cápsulas, constitui um suplemento nutritivo dermatológico
com acção anti-oxidante, que permite proteger o organismo da acção nefasta dos radicais
livres, prevenindo o envelhecimento da pele e do organismo em geral, assim o normal
funcionamento do organismo.
RILASTIL ANTI-OXIDANTE está indicado em situações em que se verifica um aumento
da produção de radicais livres como dietas deficientes, tabagismo, stresse, envelhecimento
cutâneo, sinais de trabalho excessivo, curas de emagrecimento ou mesmo para quem
pratica muito desporto.
Os radicais livres provocam alterações a nível das células e tecidos, agredindo
especificamente a pele, promovendo o envelhecimento precoce e a formação de rugas bem
como comprometendo o normal funcionamento do organismo. Os processos de preparação
dos alimentos, o ritmo de vida stressante e o estilo de vida desordenado, levam a que a
alimentação moderna não forneça ao organismo as substâncias indispensáveis ao seu
correcto funcionamento.
24/01/2012
50
Para compensar estas carências existe RILASTIL ANTI-OXIDANTE, rico em antioxidantes como o Selénio, Vitamina E e Beta-Caroteno, substâncias que vão neutralizar e
impedir a formação de radicais livres, prevenindo consequentemente o envelhecimento
precoce.
RILASTIL ANTI-OXIDANTE tem ainda na sua constituição substâncias ricas em ácidos
gordos essenciais (Ómega 3 e Ómega 6 existentes no Óleo de Peixe e Óleo de Borragem)
que vão evitar os danos causados pelos radicais livres, protegendo a integridade das células
e garantindo um funcionamento saudável do organismo.
RILASTIL Anti-Oxidante, possui ainda Zinco, oligoelemento com comprovada acção
regeneradora cutânea.
RILASTIL ANTI-OXIDANTE, possui baixo valor calórico e não tem contra-indicações.
Indicações:
Situações de carências alimentares
Prevenção do envelhecimento cutâneo
Situações de stresse e excesso de trabalho
Aumento da resistência aos danos causados pelo fumo
Desportistas
Em situações de curas de emagrecimento
Prevenção de cataratas - para optimizar a vista
24/01/2012
51
References:
•Reilley, C. 2006. In Selenium in Food and Health, 2nd ed. Springer, New York,
USA.
•Levander, O.A. and Burk, R.F. Chapter 35. Update of human dietary standards
for selenium. In: Selenium its molecular biology and role in human health.
•Wildman, R.E.C. and Kelley, M. 2007. Nutraceuticals and Functional Foods. In:
Handbook of Nutraceuticals and Functional Foods, 2nd ed. (R.E. Wildman Ed.)
CRC Press, Taylor and Francis, London, UK.
•Lu, J. and Holmgren, A. 2008. Selenoproteins. J. Biol. Chem.
•Moesgaard, S. and Morril, R. 2001. The Need for Speciation to Realise the
Potential of Selenium in Disease Prevention. In: Trace Element Speciation for
environment and health (Ebdon, L., Pitts, L., Cornelis, R., Crews, H., Donard,
O.F.X., Quevalliller, P. Eds) RSC, Cambridge, UK.
24/01/2012
52