O AGRONEGÓCIO DA MACADÂMIA
Transcrição
O AGRONEGÓCIO DA MACADÂMIA
INTERFACE TECNOLÓGICA - v.5 - n.1 - 2008 O AGRONEGÓCIO DA MACADÂMIA: UMA BREVE ANÁLISE DOS ASPECTOS DE PRODUÇÃO, ECONÔMICO E SOCIAL Natália Renata NOGUEIRA * RESUMO (VWH DUWLJR YLVD FRQWULEXLU SDUD D GLVFXVVmR VREUH DVSHFWRV WpFQLFRV HFRQ{PLFRV H VRFLDLV GR DJURQHJyFLRGDPDFDGkPLD3UHWHQGHWDPEpPDQDOLVDURVHXSRWHQFLDOHRVGHVD¿RVFRORFDGRVDRV DWRUHVHQYROYLGRV3DUDWDQWRRDUWLJRSDUWHGHXPDUHYLVmRELEOLRJUi¿FDHpFRPSOHPHQWDGRSRUXP estudo empírico. Os dados empíricos foram obtidos junto a representantes da empresa Queen Nut TXHGHWpPFHUFDGHGDSURGXomREUDVLOHLUDSRVVXLDQRVGHH[SHULrQFLDHKiDQRVDWXD H[SRUWDQGRPDFDGkPLD7DPEpPIRUDPFROHWDGDVLQIRUPDo}HVMXQWRDUHSUHVHQWDQWHVGD$VVRFLDomR %UDVLOHLUD GH 1R] 0DFDGkPLD $%0 2 DJURQHJyFLR GD PDFDGkPLD GHVWDFDVH FRPR DWLYLGDGH SURPLVVRUDFRPYLVWDVDRPHUFDGRH[WHUQR$SHVDUGHUHSUHVHQWDUDSHQDVGRFRQVXPRGHWRGDVDV DPrQGRDVHPWHUPRVPXQGLDLVKiXPDGHPDQGDFUHVFHQWH1R%UDVLODLQGDpSRXFRFRQKHFLGDPDV no mercado internacional é muito apreciada. PALAVRAS-CHAVE:1R]0DFDGkPLD$JURQHJyFLR6LOYLFXOWXUD'HVD¿R3RWHQFLDO INTRODUÇÃO 2VXFHVVRGRHPSUHHQGLPHQWRQDH[SORUDomRDJUtFRODDWXDOPHQWHWHPH[LJLGRSURGXWRUHVFRPSHWHQWHV e capazes de obter safras satisfatórias. A macadâmia é uma cultura que a rentabilidade está diretamente DVVRFLDGDFRPDTXDOLGDGHSRULVVRIDWRUHVFRPRFRQGLo}HVHGDIRFOLPiWLFDVRFOLPDDWHPSHUDWXUD RWLSRGHVRORRYHQWRHDSUHFLSLWDomRSOXYLDOIDYRUiYHLVFXLGDGRVGHSODQHMDPHQWRHPDQHMR YDULHGDGHVLPSODQWDGDVFRQWUROHGHSUDJDVQXWULomRGDVSODQWDVFROKHLWDHSyVFROKHLWDVmRSRQWRV muito importantes para o bom desenvolvimento da cultura macadâmia. O bom desenvolvimento em FOLPDWURSLFDOHVXEWURSLFDOFUHGHQFLDR%UDVLOFRPRXPGRVSULQFLSDLVSDtVHVSDUDDH[SDQVmRGD cultura. 3RURXWURODGRGHVGHPHDGRVGDGpFDGDGHDSDUWLUGDFULDomRGR3URJUDPDGH)RUWDOHFLPHQWR GD$JULFXOWXUD)DPLOLDU3521$)RHVWDGRWHPSURFXUDGRDPSOLDUDVSRVVLELOLGDGHVGHLQVHUomR SDUD HVWHV DJULFXOWRUHV 1HVWH VHQWLGR D FXOWXUD GD PDFDGkPLD SRXFR H[LJHQWH HP WHUPRV GH iUHD SURGXWLYD H LQWHQVD QR XVR GH PmR GH REUD SRGH VHU FRQVLGHUDGD XPD SRWHQFLDO DOWHUQDWLYD SDUD integrar os sistemas de produção de diversos agricultores familiares brasileiros. (VWHWUDEDOKRWHPFRPRREMHWLYRFRQWULEXLUSDUDDGLVFXVVmRVREUHDVSHFWRVWpFQLFRVHFRQ{PLFRVH VRFLDLVGRDJURQHJyFLRGDPDFDGkPLD3UHWHQGHWDPEpPDQDOLVDUVHXSRWHQFLDOHRVGHVD¿RVFRORFDGRV DRVDWRUHVHQYROYLGRV3DUDWDQWRRDUWLJRSDUWHGHXPDUHYLVmRELEOLRJUi¿FDHpFRPSOHPHQWDGRSRU XPHVWXGRHPStULFR'HDFRUGRFRP%RXUGLHXQRVHVWXGRVVREUHRVPHUFDGRVDVHVWUDWpJLDV ______________________________ *UDGXDQGRHP7HFQRORJLDHP$JURQHJyFLRGD)DFXOGDGHGH7HFQRORJLDGH7DTXDULWLQJDQDWLRL#KRWPDLOFRP 21 INTERFACE TECNOLÓGICA - v.5 - n.1 - 2008 GRVJUXSRVGRPLQDQWHVHGDVRUJDQL]Do}HVGHLQWHUHVVHVFROHWLYRVGHVWHVJUXSRVVmRGHIXQGDPHQWDO LPSRUWkQFLD SDUD R HQWHQGLPHQWR GD HVWUXWXUD GH XP PHUFDGR SDUWLFXODU 6HJXQGR DV RULHQWDo}HV GH %RXUGLHX QR HVWXGR HPStULFR FROHWDPRV GDGRV MXQWR D UHSUHVHQWDQWHV GD HPSUHVD 4XHHQ 1XW TXHGHWpPFHUFDGHGDSURGXomREUDVLOHLUDSRVVXLDQRVGHH[SHULrQFLDHKiDQRVDWXD H[SRUWDQGRPDFDGkPLD7DPEpPIRUDPFROHWDGDVLQIRUPDo}HVMXQWRDUHSUHVHQWDQWHVGD$VVRFLDomR %UDVLOHLUDGH1R]0DFDGkPLD$%0 Aspectos técnicos de produção A noz macadâmia é nativa da Austrália e pertencente á família 3URWHDFHDDSUHVHQWDTXDWURHVSpFLHV PDVDSHQDVGXDVHVSpFLHVVHGHVWDFDP$0DFDGkPLDLQWHJULIyOLDpD~QLFDSODQWDGDFRPHUFLDOPHQWH e a 0DFDGkPLDWHWUDSK\ODTXHpXWLOL]DGDFRPRSRUWDHQ[HUWR6HJXQGR'LHUEHUJHU0DULQR1HWWR DVRXWUDVHVSpFLHVQmRVmRFRPHVWtYHLVGHYLGRjSUHVHQoDGHXPJOLFRVtGHRFLDQRJrQLFRH SURWHDFLQD$LQGDVHJXQGR'LHUEHUJHU0DULQR1HWWRGHVGHWHPSRVLPHPRULDLVRVDERUtJHQHV australianos consumiam a macadâmia e a consideravam um alimento delicioso e de alto valor nutritivo. 2VIUXWRVVmRJORERVRVHGHFRUYHUGHHVFXUD$DPrQGRDpHQYROWDSRUXPDQR]PXLWRGXUDGHFRU FDVWDQKDTXHQHFHVVLWDGHXPDSDUHOKR³TXHEUDQR]´SDUDVHXURPSLPHQWR$VQR]HVSRGHPYDULDUHP VXDFRORUDomRGHVGHEUDQFRFUHPHDWpWRQVDPDUHODGRV $DPrQGRDSRGHVHUFRQVXPLGDFUXDWRUUDGDRXIULWDVDOJDGDRXFDUDPHOL]DGDHDLQGDFRPRFREHUWXUD GHFRQIHLWRVDFKRFRODWDGRVHVRUYHWHVeWDPEpPXWLOL]DGDFRPRLQJUHGLHQWHGHELVFRLWRVHERORV EDVHSDUDyOHRVFRVPpWLFRVHSURGXWRVIDUPDFrXWLFRV$¿JXUDPRVWUDDGLYHUVLGDGHGDFDGHLDGH produção da macadâmia. 0DVKiDOJXPDVUHVWULo}HVSDUDDSURGXomRHFRPHUFLDOL]DomRGDPDFDGkPLDFRPRDIDOWDGHLQVXPRV DJUtFRODVHVSHFt¿FRVDGL¿FXOGDGHGDSURGXomRGHVXSULUDGHPDQGDHRHOHYDGRWHPSRSDUDRUHWRUQR do investimento. )LJXUD$FDGHLDSURGXWLYDGDPDFDGkPLD±3ROWURQLHULHWDO 22 INTERFACE TECNOLÓGICA - v.5 - n.1 - 2008 'HDFRUGRFRP'LHUEHUJHU0DULQR1HWWRRVRORSDUDDSURGXomRGHPDFDGkPLDGHYHVHU EHPGUHQDGRSDUDSHUPLWLUDSHQHWUDomRGDVUDt]HVFRPXPDSURIXQGLGDGHPtQLPDGHFHQWtPHWURV HRS+GHYHPDQWHUVHHQWUH $VWHPSHUDWXUDVLGHDLVVHJXQGR6mR-RVpVLWXDPVHHQWUH&D&SRUpPQDpSRFDGD ÀRUDGDMXQKRDVHWHPEURpLGHDOTXHKDMDWHPSHUDWXUDVQRWXUQDVTXHVHMDPGH&D& $ SUHFLSLWDomR SOXYLRPpWULFD WDPEpP p PXLWR LPSRUWDQWH SULQFLSDOPHQWH QD pSRFD GD ÀRUDomR H IUXWL¿FDomR2VPHOKRUHVORFDLVSDUDRSODQWLRGHYHPDSUHVHQWDUSOXYLRVLGDGHDQXDOHQWUHPP H PP SRUpP D SUiWLFD GH LUULJDomR HP ORFDLV PDLV VHFRV WHP SRVVLELOLWDGR R SODQWLR GH PDFDGkPLDHPGLYHUVDViUHDV62%,(5$-6.,et al 'LHUEHUJHU0DULQR1HWWRDOHUWDVREUHRVYHQWRVTXHSUHMXGLFDPVHYHUDPHQWHDPDFDGkPLD SRUTXHSRGHRFDVLRQDURWRPEDPHQWRGDVSODQWDV6HQGRHVWHRPDLVVpULRLQLPLJRGDPDFDGkPLD aconselha-se a instalação de quebra-ventos bem planejados. $ SURGXomR FRPHUFLDO HP iUYRUHV HQ[HUWDGDV LQLFLDVH DSyV TXDWUR DQRV GH LQVWDODomR GR SRPDU H[LVWHP SHVTXLVDV SDUD TXH D SURGXomR LQLFLH D SDUWLU GR DQR SRUpP VHJXQGR HVSHFLDOLVWD R UHQGLPHQWRGHVWDSURGXomRpPXLWREDL[R Para aumentar o pegamento das nozes é recomendado que os plantios comerciais sejam compostos SRUGXDVRXWUrVYDULHGDGHVGLIHUHQWHVSDUDIDYRUHFHUDLQWHUSROLQL]DomR$VQR]HVVmRFROKLGDVGH MDQHLURDMXQKRDSyVTXHGDQDWXUDOGRVIUXWRV62%,(5$-6.,(7$/DSXG&(5('$'( 0$5&+,$/0(,'$1(72 'HDFRUGRFRP$OPHLGD1HWRDSURGXWLYLGDGHGHSHQGHGDVYDULHGDGHVHGRDGHQVDPHQWRGR SODQWLRPDVHVWLPDVHTXHXPSRPDUHPSOHQDSURGXomRDSyVGR]HDQRVGHSODQWLRRVFLOHHQWUH NJHNJGHQR]iUYRUHSHUPDQHFHQGRSURGXWLYRSRUDWpDQRV Porém segundo Sobierajski et alDSURGXWLYLGDGHPpGLDGRVSURGXWRUHVSDXOLVWDVSRGHYDULDU HQWUHHNJGHQR]HVHPFDVFDSRUiUYRUHVDGXOWDGHSHQGHQGRGDYDULHGDGHHGRVWUDWRVFXOWXUDLV 8PDGDVIRUPDVGHUHGX]LURVFXVWRVGDLPSODQWDomRHPDQXWHQomRGRVSRPDUHVHREWHUXPUHWRUQR HFRQ{PLFRDQWHFLSDGRpXWLOL]DUVHGRFRQVyUFLRFRPRXWUDVFXOWXUDV'HSHQGHQGRGDGHQVLGDGHR SODQWLRSHUPLWHFXOWLYRVLQWHUFDODUHVFRPFXOWXUDVDQXDLVRXSHUHQHVGHSRUWHSHTXHQRHPpGLRFRP SURGXomRUiSLGDFRPRRPLOKRIHLMmRPDPmRPDUDFXMiRXFDIp62%,(5$-6.,(7$/DSXG 0$5,121(772 1DTXHVWmRGRVGHIHQVLYRVDJUtFRODVQmRH[LVWHPPXLWRVSURGXWRVHVSHFt¿FRVSDUDDPDFDGkPLD1R HQWDQWRGLYHUVDVGDVSUDJDVTXHDWDFDPDPDFDGkPLDWDPEpPDWDFDPRXWUDVFXOWXUDVPDLVSRSXODUHV FRPRDODUDQMD8WLOL]DPVHHQWmRDOJXQVGRVPHVPRVGHIHQVLYRVTXHVmRXVDGRVSDUDHVWDVFXOWXUDV (QWUHWDQWRQmRH[LVWHXPDDXWRUL]DomROHJDOGR0LQLVWpULRGD$JULFXOWXUDSDUDRXVRGHVVHVGHIHQVLYRV QRFDVRGDPDFDGkPLD'HVVHPRGRHOHVVmRXWLOL]DGRV³LOHJDOPHQWH´ 23 INTERFACE TECNOLÓGICA - v.5 - n.1 - 2008 Aspectos econômicos do agronegócio da macadâmia $H[SDQVmRPXQGLDOGDFXOWXUDRFRUUHXSULQFLSDOPHQWHQDGpFDGDGHUHVXOWDGRGRLQWHUHVVHGRV SURGXWRUHVSHODGLYHUVL¿FDomRGHFXOWXUDVHPEXVFDGHQRYRVPHUFDGRVSURPLVVRUHV3RUWUDWDUVHGH XPDQR]GHDOWRYDORUQRPHUFDGRH[WHUQRFKDPRXDDWHQomRGHLQYHVWLGRUHVLQWHUHVVDGRVHPVXD H[SRUWDomR&RPXPLQYHVWLPHQWRLQLFLDOGH5PLORDJURQHJyFLRWRUQDVHDWUDWLYRSDUDSHTXHQRV SURGXWRUHVSRUpPRSRQWRQHJDWLYRpRWHPSRGHUHWRUQRGRFDSLWDOLQLFLDOTXHDFRQWHFHDSDUWLUGR RLWDYRDQRGHFXOWLYR-RUQDOGR&RPpUFLR6HJXQGRRUHSUHVHQWDQWHGD$VVRFLDomR%UDVLOHLUD GH0DFDGkPLD3HGUR7ROHGR3L]DRIDWXUDPHQWRPpGLRDQXDOSRUKHFWDUHpGH5PLO $SHVDUGRJUDQGHDXPHQWRGDSURFXUDSHODPDFDGkPLDHODDLQGDUHSUHVHQWDXPDSHTXHQDSDUFHODGR PHUFDGRLQWHUQDFLRQDOGDVQR]HVHRFRQVXPRPXQGLDOGHPDFDGkPLDpUHVWULWRUHSUHVHQWDDSHQDV HQWUHDVQR]HV0DVRXVRSHODLQG~VWULDpFUHVFHQWHYLVWRTXHSRGHVHUFRQVXPLGDLQQDWXUDRXHP DOLPHQWRVSURFHVVDGRVSDUDIDEULFDomRGHERORVGDSURGXomRPXQGLDOSURFHVVDGDELVFRLWRV FKRFRODWHVHVRUYHWHV$PDLRUSDUWHGDSURGXomRGRVSULQFLSDLVSDtVHVSURGXWRUHV pH[SRUWDGDjH[FHomRGRV(VWDGRV8QLGRVTXHpRSULQFLSDOFRQVXPLGRUHTXHUHFRUUHDRPHUFDGR H[WHUQRSDUDVXSULUVXDGHPDQGD62%,(5$-6.,(7$/apud 67(3+(1621 Segundo Sobierajski et al apud :25/' +257,&8/785$/ 75$'( 86 (;3257 2325781,7,(6D$XVWUiOLDpRSULQFLSDOSDtVH[SRUWDGRUFRPFHUFDGHGHVXDSURGXomR GHVWLQDGDDRPHUFDGRH[WHUQR2V(VWDGRV8QLGRVVmRRVUHVSRQViYHLVSHODVHJXQGDPDLRUSURGXomR HSHORPDLRUFRQVXPR*XDWHPDODH&RVWD5LFDVmRRVSULQFLSDLVSURGXWRUHVGD$PpULFD&HQWUDOH juntos representam o terceiro maior pólo produtor de macadâmia. (PYLVLWDUHFHQWHDÈIULFDGR6XORHQJHQKHLURDJU{QRPR/HRQDUGR0RUL\DJHUHQWHDJUtFRODGD HPSUHVD4XHHQ1XW0DFDGDPLDUHYHODTXHDÈIULFDGR6XOYDLVXSHUDUDSURGXomRGD$XVWUiOLDH TXHR+DZDLLTXHDWpVHLVDQRVDWUiVHUDTXHPGRPLQDYDRPHUFDGRHVWiSHUGHQGRPHUFDGRSRLVVmV SODQWDVMiHVWmRDQWLJDVHHVWiQRPRPHQWRGHID]HUDUHSRVLomRGHVWDVSODQWDVSRUpPRVSURGXWRUHV KDYDLDQRVHVWmRFRPGL¿FXOGDGH 2PHUFDGRFRQVXPLGRUHPHUDUHSUHVHQWDGRSHORV(VWDGRV8QLGRVFRPRSULQFLSDOPHUFDGR VHJXLGRV SHOR -DSmR (XURSD &KLQD $XVWUiOLD 1RYD =HOkQGLD H 6XGRHVWH$VLiWLFR2FRQVXPRPXQGLDOGHPDFDGkPLDHPDSUHVHQWDFUHVFLPHQWRGH HPUHODomRDHVyQmRIRLPDLRUSHODLPSRVVLELOLGDGHGRVSURGXWRUHVUHDJLUHPUDSLGDPHQWHDR DXPHQWRGDGHPDQGD62%,(5$-6., apud72/('2 3,=$ 6HJXQGRRHQJHQKHLUR DJU{QRPR /HRQDUGR 0RUL\D GD HPSUHVD 4XHHQ 1XW XPD HPSUHVD QDFLRQDO GH FKRFRODWHV WHULD LQWHUHVVHHPIDEULFDUXPQRYRVDERUGHFKRFRODWHFRPPDFDGkPLDVSRUpPHVWHQRYRVDERUVySRGH VHUDSUHFLDGRHPXPDHGLomROLPLWDGDSRLVDRIHUWDGHPDFDGkPLDQmRDWHQGLDDJUDQGHGHPDQGD H[LJLGDSHODHPSUHVD (P R %UDVLO VH HQFRQWUDYD HP VH[WR OXJDU QD SURGXomR PXQGLDO GH PDFDGkPLD FRP WDQR SURFHVVDGD HP FRPSDUDomR D$XVWUiOLD SURFHVVD W DQR 62%,(5$-6., DSXG $VVRFLDomR %UDVLOHLUD GH 1R] 0DFDGkPLD ± $%0 $LQGD GH DFRUGR FRP D $%0 HP R FUHVFLPHQWRGDSURGXomRGHPDFDGkPLDIRLGHHPUHODomRDRDQRDQWHULRUHGDSURGXomR 24 INTERFACE TECNOLÓGICA - v.5 - n.1 - 2008 QDFLRQDOpH[SRUWDGD De acordo com Sobierajski et al apud 2¶&RQQRU D QR] YHP VHQGR FXOWLYDGD HP YiULRV HVWDGRV EUDVLOHLURV GHVWDFDQGRVH DV iUHDV GRV (VWDGRV GH 6mR 3DXOR (VStULWR 6DQWR H5LRGH-DQHLUR$VYDULHGDGHVKDYDLDQDVUHSUHVHQWDPGDQR]SODQWDGDQR%UDVLO HQTXDQWRDVRXWUDVVmRYDULHGDGHVGHVHQYROYLGDVSHOR,$& 62%,(5$-6.,et alapud 0$57,1PRVWUDTXHDOpPGRWRWDOGHSURGXomRGHQR]HV RXWUDPHGLGDLPSRUWDQWHSDUDDFRPHUFLDOL]DomRGDPDFDGkPLDpDGHQRPLQDGD7D[DGH5HFXSHUDomR 75 3HVRDPrQGRDV3HVRQR][TXHUHSUHVHQWDDSRUFHQWDJHPGHDPrQGRDVREWLGDVDSyV REHQH¿FLDPHQWR$UHOHYkQFLDGDWD[DGHUHFXSHUDomRSDUDRVSURGXWRUHVUHODFLRQDVHFRPRIDWR GHRVSUHoRVUHFHELGRVSHORVSURGXWRUHVGDPDFDGkPLD³HPQR]´VHUHPGHWHUPLQDGRVHPIXQomRGR UHQGLPHQWRHPDPrQGRDVGDSRUFHQWDJHPGHDPrQGRDVLQWHLUDVHGHVXDTXDOLGDGHHPUHODomRDR WHRUGHyOHRHDo~FDU 6HJXQGR6RELHUDMVNL apud7ROHGR3L]DDWD[DGHUHFXSHUDomR75EUDVLOHLUDDXPHQWRX SDUDSDUDDPrQGRDLVVRRFRUUHXSHODDGRomRGHERDVSUiWLFDVQDFROKHLWDHSyVFROKHLWD2SUHoR SDJRDRSURGXWRUFDLXGH86HPSDUD86HPSRULVVRPXLWRVSURGXWRUHV UHVROYHUDPDEULUVXDVSUySULDVIiEULFDVTXHDWHQGHPDGHPDQGDUHJLRQDOQR(VWDGRGH6mR3DXOR HVWiORFDOL]DGDDPDLRULDGHVWDVSHTXHQDVSURFHVVDGRUDV$VHJXLURJUi¿FRGHPRQVWUDSURGXomR KLVWyULFDGRVSDtVHVSURGXWRUHVGHPDFDGkPLDDWpRDQRGHHRJUi¿FRRSUHoRSDJRDR SURGXWRUGXUDQWHRVDQRVGHDQRV(VWDGRV8QLGRVH$XVWUiOLD *5È),&23URGXomR+LVWyULFDGRV3ULQFLSDLV3DtVHV3URGXWRUHVGH0DFDGkPLD )RQWHHODERUDGRDSDUWLUGH6RELHUDMVNLet alapud 7ROHGR3L]D 25 INTERFACE TECNOLÓGICA - v.5 - n.1 - 2008 *5È),&23UHoR5HFHELGRSHOR3URGXWRUGH0DFDGkPLDHP1R]$XVWUiOLDH (VWDGRV8QLGRVD )RQWHHODERUDGRDSDUWLUGH6RELHUDMVNL et al apud 7ROHGR3L]D Aspectos sociais: os atores e a organização social do agronegócio da Macadâmia 'HDFRUGRFRPRVGDGRVGR/HYDQWDPHQWR&HQVLWiULRGH8QLGDGHVGH3URGXomR$JURSHFXiULD/83$ revelam que há um alto nível de instrução formal dos produtores de macadâmia. O imóvel rural FRQVWLWXtDORFDOGHUHVLGrQFLDHPDSHQDVGDV8QLGDGHVGH3URGXomR$JURSHFXiULD83$VVHQGR TXHHQWUHDTXHOHVTXHQmRUHVLGLDPSRVVXtDPQtYHOXQLYHUVLWiULR(PWHUPRVGHLQIUDHVWUXWXUD HPGDV83$VRFRPSXWDGRUHUDXWLOL]DGRFRPRLQVWUXPHQWRGHJHUHQFLDPHQWRQDVDWLYLGDGHV DJURSHFXiULDV2EVHUYDVHTXHDXWLOL]DomRGHDVVLVWrQFLDWpFQLFDpXPKiELWRGRSURGXWRUVHQGRTXH XWLOL]DPWDQWRDVVLVWrQFLDWpFQLFDSULYDGDTXDQWRJRYHUQDPHQWDOXVDPDVVLVWrQFLDWpFQLFD SULYDGDDVVLVWrQFLDWpFQLFDJRYHUQDPHQWDOHDSHQDVQmRXWLOL]DPDVVLVWrQFLDWpFQLFD 3RGHVHFRQFOXLUHQWmRTXHRVSURGXWRUHVGHPDFDGkPLDJHUDOPHQWHH[HUFHPXPDSUR¿VVmRSRVVXHP iUHDVSDUDSODQWLRPDVTXHUHPGLIHUHQFLDUGDVFXOWXUDVPDLVFRPXQVFRPRDODUDQMDHDFDQDGH Do~FDUQR(VWDGRGH6mR3DXOR3DUDDDJULFXOWXUDIDPLOLDUDPDFDGkPLDVHGHVWDFDSRUGHPDQGDU XPDSHTXHQDiUHDSDUDDVXDSURGXomRHSRUVHUXPDRSRUWXQLGDGHGHGLYHUVL¿FDomRSRUpPRDOWR FXVWR GH LPSODQWDomR D OHQWLGmR SDUD R UHWRUQR GR LQYHVWLPHQWR H D FDUrQFLD GH OLQKDV GH FUpGLWR TXDVHLPSRVVLELOLWDDDJULFXOWXUDIDPLOLDUQDSURGXomRGHPDFDGkPLD32/7521,(5,1mR há inventivo governamental direto para o cultivo de macadâmia. Leonardo Moriya revela que na UHJLmRGH-D~DPDLRUSURGXWRUDGDFXOWXUDQR(VWDGRGH6mR3DXORQmRKi¿QDQFLDPHQWRHVSHFt¿FR SDUDRSURGXWRUGHPDFDGkPLDGLIHUHQWHGDODUDQMDHGDFDQDGHDo~FDUTXHSRVVXHP¿QDQFLDPHQWR SUySULR0HVPRQmRKDYHQGRXP¿QDQFLDPHQWRHVSHFt¿FRpSRVVtYHOFRPHoDUDSURGX]LUPDFDGkPLD 26 INTERFACE TECNOLÓGICA - v.5 - n.1 - 2008 se o produtor apresentar um plano de negócio viável para alguma instituição bancária. Há linhas de ¿QDQFLDPHQWRSDUDDVLOYLFXOWXUDWDQWRSDUDDDJULFXOWXUDSDWURQDOFRPRSDUDDIDPLOLDUQDTXDOR cultivo da macadâmia poderia ser enquadrado. 6HJXQGR62%,(5$-6.,et alHPGXUDQWHR(QFRQWURGRV3URGXWRUHVGH0DFDGkPLD UHDOL]DGRHP'RLV&yUUHJRV(VWDGRGH6mR3DXORIRLIXQGDGDD$VVRFLDomRGRV3URGXWRUHVGH1R] Macadâmia do Estado de São Paulo (APROMESP). A APROMESP realizou encontros anuais sempre FRPDSUHVHQoDGHHVSHFLDOLVWDVLQWHUQDFLRQDLVHSDUFHULDVFRPyUJmRVJRYHUQDPHQWDLVHXQLYHUVLGDGHV YLVDQGRRGHVHQYROYLPHQWRGDFXOWXUDQR%UDVLO(PMDQHLURGHD$3520(63IRLWUDQVIRUPDGD HP$VVRFLDomR%UDVLOHLUDGH1R]0DFDGkPLD$%0FRPSRVWDSRUWRGRVRVVHJPHQWRVHQYROYLGRV QRDJURQHJyFLRGDQR]QR3DtV$WXDOPHQWHD$%0WHPDVVRFLDGRVFRPSURSULHGDGHVHPYiULRV HVWDGRVEUDVLOHLURVHMXQWRVUHSUHVHQWDPGDSURGXomRQDFLRQDO$$%0SRVVXLYiULRVSURMHWRVGH pesquisa em andamento e atua por meio de grupos de trabalho. $LQGD VHJXQGR 62%,(5$-6., et al D &RRSHUDWLYD$JURLQGXVWULDO GRV 3URGXWRUHV GH 1R] 0DFDGkPLD&2230$&ORFDOL]DGDQR(VWDGRGR(VStULWR6DQWRIRLIXQGDGDHP$&2230$& QmRDGTXLUHPDFDGkPLDGHWHUFHLURVDVXDIXQomRpUHFHEHUVHFDUEHQH¿FLDUFODVVL¿FDUHFRPHUFLDOL]DU RSURGXWR2SURGXWRUQmRpUHPXQHUDGRSHODSURGXomRGHQR]³HPFDVFD´PDVSHODTXDQWLGDGHGH DPrQGRDSURGX]LGDHSHORYDORUDOFDQoDGRQRPHUFDGR$&2230$&WHPFRPRREMHWLYRYLDELOL]DU DVH[SRUWDo}HVGDQR]GRVVHXVDVVRFLDGRVSDUDRPHUFDGRDPHULFDQRHHXURSHXQDIRUPDLQQDWXUD $PDLRUEHQH¿FLDGRUDGR(VWDGRGH6mR3DXORpDHPSUHVD4XHHQ1XWORFDOL]DGDQRPXQLFtSLRGH 'RLV&yUUHJRV)XQGDGDHPD4XHHQ1XW0DFDGkPLDDWXDQRVHWRUGHVGHDSURGXomRGHPXGDV DWpQDHQWUHJDGRSURGXWR¿QDOQRPHUFDGRLQWHUQDFLRQDOHXPDSHTXHQDSDUFHODQRPHUFDGR QDFLRQDO$WXDOPHQWHD4XHHQ1XWSURFHVVDWDQRPDVWHPFDSDFLGDGHSDUDSURFHVVDUWDQR CONSIDERAÇÕES FINAIS $SHVDUGHDLQGDVHUSRXFRFRQKHFLGRRDJURQHJyFLRGDPDFDGkPLDWHPGHPDQGDFUHVFHQWH&RP YLVWDVDRPHUFDGRH[WHUQRDSURGXomRQR%UDVLOpTXDVHH[SRUWDGD2VXFHVVRGRLQYHVWLPHQWR GHSHQGHGDTXDOLGDGHGRSURGXWR2SHUtRGRGHUHWRUQRGHFDSLWDOpHOHYDGRSRUpPFRPSHQVDGRU As linhas de crédito rural são historicamente oferecidas por produtos ou para aquisição de maquinas H HTXLSDPHQWRV RX SDUD D FRPHUFLDOL]DomR GD SURGXomR e XP GHVD¿R SDUD RV DJULFXOWRUHV SULQFLSDOPHQWHRVGHQRPLQDGRVIDPLOLDUHVFRQVHJXLUGHVHQYROYHUXPSURMHWRSDUDDLPSODQWDomRGD FXOWXUDGD0DFDGkPLDSRLVWUDWDVHGHXPSURMHWRGHORQJRSUD]RTXHSRGHHQYROYHUDVSHFWRVTXH H[WUDSRODP D TXHVWmR HFRQ{PLFD FRPR SRU H[HPSOR D VXFHVVmR JHUDFLRQDO H D FRQWLQXLGDGH GDV DWLYLGDGHVDJURSHFXiULDV2SHU¿OGLIHUHQFLDGRGRSURGXWRUGHPDFDGkPLDLQGLFDDLPSRUWkQFLDGR FDSLWDOFXOWXUDOSDUDDTXHOHVTXHLQJUHVVDPHPDWLYLGDGHVLQRYDGRUDVHH[LJHQWHVHPSODQHMDPHQWR uma vez que é necessário dominar tanto os aspectos técnicos como de mercado para que o sucesso GD DWLYLGDGH RFRUUD 2 HVWXGR VXJHUH D LPSRUWkQFLD GH LQYHVWLPHQWRV HP SHVTXLVDV PDUNHWLQJ H WUHLQDPHQWRSDUDRVQRYRVSURGXWRUHVHVREUHWXGRLQIRUPDomRDRVDJULFXOWRUHVSDUDTXHHVWDVOKHV GrHPVXSRUWHQDVWRPDGDVGHGHFLV}HV(VWHWUDEDOKRVHSURS{VDFRQWULEXLUSULQFLSDOPHQWHQHVWH aspecto. 27 INTERFACE TECNOLÓGICA - v.5 - n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ÊNCIAS $/0(,'$1(72-GH7ROHGR3L]DH$FROKHLWDHREHQH¿FLDPHQWRGDPDFDGkPLD,Q62-26e $5(G0DFDGkPLDWHFQRORJLDGHSURGXomRHFRPHUFLDOL]DomR9LWyULDGD&RQTXLVWD')=8(6% S $662&,$d2%5$6,/(,5$'(0$&$'Æ0,$±$%0±YLVLWDDRUHSUHVHQWDQWHHPGH$JRVWR GH %285',(832&DPSR(FRQ{PLFRPolítica & SociedadeQSS ',(5%(5*(5-(0$5,121/1R]PDFDGkPLDuma nova opção para a fruticultura brasileira. 6mR3DXOR1REHO (035(6$48((1187±YLVLWDiHPSUHVDHPGH$JRVWRGH -251$/'2&20e5&,2±1R]PDFDGkPLDWHPGHPDQGD±±'LVSRQtYHOHPKWWSZZZ VHEUDHVFFRPEUQRYRVBGHVWDTXHVRSRUWXQLGDGHGHIDXOWDVS"PDWHULD 32/7521,(5, & ) /285(1=$1,$ ( % 6 6,/9$$ / 'HVD¿RV H 3RWHQFLDOLGDGHV GR $JURQHJyFLRGD0DFDGkPLDQR(VWDGRGH6mR3DXOR;/,,,&21*5(662'$62%(55LEHLUmR 3UHWR 62-26($50DFDGkPLD:WHFQRORJLDGHSURGXomRHFRPHUFLDOL]DomR9LWyULDGD&RQTXLVWD%D ')=8(6% 62%,(5$-6.,*GD5)5$1&,6&29/)GRV652&+$3*+,/$5',$$0$,$0 /1R]0DFDGkPLDSURGXomRPHUFDGRHVLWXDomRQR(VWDGRGH6mR3DXOR,QIRUPDo}HV(FRQ{PLFDV 6mR3DXORYQS 28
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