Projeto CHUVA - Difusão do Conhecimento

Projeto CHUVA
6
[email protected]
Desempenho de algoritmos estimadores de
precipitação
Frederico Angelis
Medições de precipitação podem ser
realizadas por: Pluviômetro (báscula ou totalizador),
radar ou satélite.
Pluviômetro a melhor medida local, mas depende do vento e
de pássaros, insetos, calibração, etc...difícil extrapolar no
espaço medidas pontuais.
Radar – ótima cobertura e alta resolução temporal, somente
em torno de 100 km do radar – problemas – altura do feixe
com a distância, abertura do feixe, precisa saber a distribuição
de gotas, atenuação .
Z = AR
Z=∫ N(D)D6dD
b
Satélite – medida global, baixa resolução temporal – IR –
relação indireta altura do topo – precipitação, MW sobre o
oceano medida direta, sobre o continente espessura da
camada de gelo e precipitação. Problema, não vê chuva de
nuvens quentes e relações variam em função do ciclo de vida.
Modelo – Precisa melhorar a previsão de precipitação – não
se conhece direito a microfísica e os modelos não descrevem
as distribuições
Precipitação é a variável meteorológica de maior variabilidade
espacial e temporal
Por outro lado a precipitação é a variável de maior interesse da meteorologia.
Saber quanto choveu é algo que depende da resolução espacial e temporal .
Rainfall Signatures from MW
Cumulonimbus
Emission – freq’s <40 GHz
Scattering – freq’s >40 GHz
0C
0C
Nimbostratus
0C
0C
Motivação
the ice content increases as
well the precipitation.
the increase of the ice phase as
the cloud evolves to the mature
stage.
Sensitivity to the Cloud Properties
Sensitivity to the ice content
Sensitivity to the particle size
=> High sensitivity to the cloud, especially its ice phase
Microfísica das Nuvens
GV - Physical Approach – Field Campaign
CHUVA Project
WORKING GROUP – 1
CHARACTERISTICS OF THE PRECIPITATING SYSTEMS AS FUNCTION OF THE
REGION AND LIFE STAGE
Responsible : Luiz Machado
WORKING GROUP – 2
PRECIPITATION ESTIMATION – DEVELOPMENT AND VALIDATION ALGORITHM
Responsible : Carlos Angelis
WORKING GROUP – 3
ELETRIFICATION PROCESS: MOVING FROM CLOUDS TO THUNDERSTORMS
Responsible: Carlos Morales
WORKING GROUP – 4
CHARACTERISTICS OF THE BOUNDARY LAYER FOR DIFFERENT CLOUD
PROCESSES AND PRECIPITATION REGIMES
Responsible: Gilberto Fisch
WORKING GROUP – 5
MODEL IMPROVEMENTS AND VALIDATION, WITH FOCUS IN CLOUD
MICROPHYSICS AND AEROSOL INTERACTIONS, FOR SATELLITE PRECIPITATION
ESTIMATES IN BRAZIL
Responsible: Maria Assunção Dias
NASA Precipitation Measurement Missions Science Team -26-29 October 2009 - Salt Lake City
CHUVA Field Campaign Schedule
JAN
FEB
2010
MAR
APR
MAY
JUN
JUL
BELÉM
BELEM
AUG
SEP
OCT
NOV
DEZ
SAO LUIZ
SAO LUIZ
PARAITINGA
PARAITINGA
FOZ DO
IGUAÇU
FOZ DO
IGUAÇU
FOZ DO
IGUAÇU
BRASÍLIA
BRASÍLIA
ALCANTARA
2011
CHUVA
WORKSHOP#1
FORTALEZA
FORTALEZA
2012
CHUVA WORKSHOP#2
2013
FOZ DO
IGUAÇU
2014
MANAUS
MANAUS
MANAUS
MANAUS
The PrePre-CHUVA Experiment and
the CHUVA Project
Transportation from São Luiz to Alcântara
Measurement Scheme
for the Main line
300
meters
300
meters
300
meters
300
meters
300
meters
Radios INPE
onde
Rain
RS92 Gauge
2
INPE
NASA Rain Parsive
l
Rain Gauge
Disdro
Gauge
meter
s
Volumet
$
$
JOSS
Parsivel JOSS
2 NASA THIES
ric
RADA
LIDA Disdro
Disdro
MP3000
and9 RHI DisdromDisdrom Rain
R
meter
eter
eter
Gauge meter 9
R
A
0º
0
º
1RADA
R
GPS
INPE THIES
Rain Disdrom
Gauge
eter
GPS
3Airport
2INPE
1.80
km
3.90
km
2.00
km
2 INPE
THIES Rain
Disdro Gauge
meter
s
3
0º
ADMIR
ARI
4 - Delta
Village
5–
An
em
.
To
we
r
7.50
km
INPE SITE
X Band dual
polarization
Meteorological
Radar
Radiosonde
RS92
Instrumentation
RADAR site
Meteorolog
ical
Wheather
Station
INPE Rain
Gauge
Instrumentation
INPE site
GPS
JOSS
Disdrometer
INPE Rain
Gauge
2 NASA
Rain
Gauges
THIES
Disdrome
ter
Parsivel
Disdrome
ter
GPS
Instrumentation
Airport Site
2 NASA
Rain
Gauges
JOSS
Disdromet
er
INPE Rain
Gauge
MP3000A
Radiometer
THIES
Disdrometer
Soil Moisture
Parsivel
Disdrome
ter
LIDAR
Instrumentation
Delta Village Site
THIES
Disdrometer
ADMIRARI
2 INPE
Rain
Gauges
Instrumentation
UECE Airplane
OAP200X Hydrometeors
30-450um
FSSP –
Raindrops
Distribution
2-47um
Equipments Installation
warm
Ice cloud
warm
cold
DSD (Joss)
Accumulated Rain
Gauge (mm)
cold
warm
250
200
150
100
50
0
radar
vila2
inpe
aero
vila1
slz
Rain Gauge No. Of
Days With Rain
14
12
10
8
6
4
2
0
radar
vila2
inpe
aero
vila1
slz
Warm Events
MP3000
ADMIRARI
March 21th
Thies Disdrometers (inpe and Village sites)
Fortaleza Campaign
Main Target Study: Warm Clouds and MCSs organized by Easterly Waves
From 21 March to 29 April 2011 – The GPM Planning Meeting and the CEOS –
PC will be held during this period in Fortaleza
Additional Data: Aircraft for microphysical measurements (if the airplane will be OK) and S
and X Band radar.
Fundação Cearense de Meteorologia e Recursos Hídricos
Secretaria de Ciência, Tecnologia e Ensino Superior
Governo do Estado do Ceará
Radar de Fortaleza (Banda X)
Radar de Quixeramobim (Banda S)
Sítios Experimentais da Região Metropolitana de
Fortaleza Lidar
Container de química
Disdrometro
Radar móvel(Parsivel)
Radiômetro
microondas
Disdrometrode
(Thies)
Pluviômetro
NASA
GPS
Central
na
FUNCEME com
Estação
meteorológica
Pluviômetro
Disdrômetro
(Parsivel)
Disdrômetro
(Thies)
Radiossondagem
Pluviômetro
conexão
internet,
Equipamentos
de bancada
fluxos
Estação
meteorológica
Pluviômetro
NASA
Disdrômetros
(Thies)
para
trabalho e
dois ePCs.
Disdrômetros
(Joss
Parsivel)
Radar banda X
Pluviômetros
GPS
Micro- radar
Sítios Experimentais
Mossoró
Quixeramobim
Fortaleza
Guarda Municipal/Defesa Civil
INMET
Belem Campaign
Main Target Study: Tropical Squall Lines and Local Convection
From 30 May to 9 July 2011
Additional Data: S Band Radar
Controlled Meteorological balloons are small
altitude-controlled platforms with bi-directional satellite
communication and long-duration flight capability _ Voss and Fitzgerald collaboration
Belem Squall Lines Climatology : 2000 to 2006
Classification :
CCL: Costal Convective Line ( Propagation < 170 km)
SL1: Squall Line Type 1 ( 170 Km < Propagation < 400 km)
SL2: Squall Line Type 2 ( Propagation > 400 km)
SL2 – STM – Moved around Santarem = 56%
Locais do Experimento de Belém
21 km
8 km
24 km
5.5 km
Equipamentos dos sitos:
Sitio#1 – UFPA:
Radar X-POL, Field Mill (USP), GPS
Sítio#2 – UT-Outeiro (DTCEA-BE)
Radiômetro de microondas, Lidar, Micro Radar,
2 disdrômetros Joss e Parsivel, GPS, 2 pluviômetros,
estação de fluxo, field mil, sensor de umidade do solo.
Sítio#3 – UT-Benevides (DTCEA-BE)
Disdrômetros Parsivel, GPS (UEA), 2 pluviômetros, field Mill (USP), GPS.
Sítio#4 - DTCEA-BE – aeroporto:
Estação de Radiosondagem - Disdrômetros Parsivel, GPS (UEA),
2 pluviômetros, field Mill (USP) e Micro Radar (USP)
Sítio#5 – INMET - GPS (UEA), pluviômetro, field Mill (USP)/
GPS Meteorology in CHUVA Belem
(L. Sapucci, D. Adams, R. Fernandes, L. Tanaka)
Our Principal Aims in
CHUVA Belem
Identify wv convergence
timescales and propagation of
convection/squall lines in GPS
PWV
Estimate wv convergence in a
limited region in conjunction
with sondes/radiometers, etc)
Test maximum temporal
resolution of the GPS PWV
technique (comparing GIPSY
with GAMIT)
Employ 3D/4D techniques for
estimating mesoscale wv fields.
Install 7 to 10 GPS within 70km of SIPAM Belem (See Map for Sample
Configuration of 8 probable sites). Ultimate configuration depends on siting of
radiosondes, etc.
Sítios em Belém
São Luiz do Paraitinga Campaign
Main Target Study: Warm Clouds, Cold Fronts, MCSs, SACZ and Local
Convection
From 31 October to 22 December 2011
Additional Data: S Band Radar and “Lightning Mapping Array” (LMA) – NOAA and NASA
– Steve Goodman
Posição do Radar e sitios.
Lightning Mapping Array
(LMA) Observations in
CHUVA: Overview of Plans
Richard Blakeslee / NASA Marshall Space Fight Center
Larry Carey / University of Alabama in Huntsville
Jeff Bailey / University of Alabama in Huntsville
National Space Science and Technology Center (NSSTC)
Geostationary Lightning Mapper (GLM) Science Team Meeting,
NSSTC, Huntsville, Alabama
2 December 2010
39
GOES-R Geostationary Lightning Mapper (GLM):
Pre-Launch Algorithm Validation-CHUVA Campaign
Report
1
Steven Goodman
Program Senior Scientist
NOAA/NESDIS/ GOES-R Program Office
http://www.goes-r.gov
2Richard Blakeslee, 2William Koshak, 2Walter Petersen, 3Larry Carey, 3Douglas Mach, 3Dennis Buechler,
4Monte Bateman, 4Eugene McCaul, 5Eric Bruning, 5Rachel Albrecht, 6Donald MacGorman
1GOES-R Program, NOAA/NESDIS, Greenbelt, MD2NASA Marshall Space Flight Center, Huntsville, AL,3UAHuntsville,
Huntsville, AL,4Universities Space Research Association,5University of Maryland, College Park, MD,6NOAA/National Severe
Storms Laboratory, Norman, OK
Fall AGU Meeting of the Committee on Atmospheric and Space
Electricity
14 December 2010
EUMETSAT Contribution
to the CHUVA Campaign
Jochen Grandell, Hartmut Höller, Rolf Stuhlmann
EUM/MTG/VWG/10/05
EUM/
67 Issue <No.>
AGU Fall
meeting 2010
<Date>
Slid
e:
50 km
100
km
30 km
radius
40 km
radius
LMA - Lightning Mapping Array
o
The LMA system:
o
o
o
locates the peak source of impulsive VHF radio
signals from lightning
uses unused television channel by measuring the
time-of-arrival of the magnetic peak signals at
different receiving stations in successive 80 ms
intervals
hundreds of sources per flash can be detected in
space and time (GPS), allowing a threedimensional (3-D) lightning map to be constructed
Foz do Iguaçu Campaign
Brazil
Paraguay
Argentina
Main Target Study: MCC and Cold Fronts
From 9 November to 13 January 2012
Additional Data: La Plata Basin Campaign
Goal: Measure MCCs to accomplish the GPM and La Plata Basin Regional Hydroclimate
Project (LPB) goals.
Foz do Iguaçu is located on the border of three countries: Brazil, Argentina and Paraguay, where MCSs
produce a large impact. More than the 80% of the precipitation is explained by those systems
Hailstorm climo derived from AMSR-E
CHUVA - Foz do Iguacu (Nov
2012 - Jan 2013) is along edge
of the region with possibly the
world’s most frequent severe
thunderstorms
Paraitinga
Foz do Iguacu
Rachel Albrecht
Foz do Iguaçu Campaign
The deployment of a dual frequency and
polarization radar like NASA's N-Pol would
contribute with other observations to better
understand the microphysics processes and
their evolution associated with MCS. Also
airplane measurements will be facilitate by
the geographical position.
Results from Paola Salio
Percentage of surface rain from 2A25 explained by MCSs over La Plata Basin
Partiticipation: Zipser, Houze, Ceci, Palio,......
This experiment will focus on these set of questions:
What are the main surface and boundary layer processes in the formation and maintenance of large and long live MCS?
How cloud microphysics and electrification processes evolves during the cloud life cycle?
What is the contribution of the aerosol in the process of formation of MCC precipitation?
How to improve both space and time precipitation estimation of rainfall over the continent for the GPM constellation over
the region?
How to improve quantitative precipitation forecast over MCS?
How models do represents the evolution of the PBL and the microphysics of these complex convective systems?
Manaus Campaign
Main Target Study: Organized and Local Convection from Warm and Ice Clouds
From 6 January to 4 April 2014.
Additional Data: The ARM Climate Research Facility in the Amazon Basin (Scot Martin –
Havard University and several partners)
S Band Radar (SIPAM)
Manaus Campaign
Cloud-Aerosol-Precipitation Interactions
Aerosol effects on scattered cumulus clouds, especially the
aerosol radiative effect and with a special focus on the impact
of biomass burning aerosols;
Aerosol effects on deep convective clouds, precipitation, and
lightning under different aerosol and synoptic regimes,
including the roles of aerosols in changing regional climate and
atmospheric circulation; and
Improvement on parameterizations of aerosol-cloud
interactions in the climate models
The ARM Aerial Facility in Brazil
CHUVA – Basic Set of Equipments
Doppler X band dual polarization METEOR 50DX - Selex
Radiometrics MP 3000 - Brightness temperature
from 35 channels (22-30 and 51-59 Ghz)
CHUVA – Basic Set of Equipments
LIDAR – backscaterring coefficient.
Lidar Raman System 2 channels: 532nm and 607nm
GPS - A dual-frequency receiver - IWV
CHUVA – Basic Set of Equipments
3 Ott Inc. PARSIVEL Optical Laser Disdrometer.
1 Joss Waldvogel Acoustic Impact Disdrometer. (NASA)
5 Raingauge (NASA)
CHUVA – Basic Set of Equipments
Radiosonde RS92
HFP01 – soil heat plates (2) for the soil heat flux measurement
STP01 – soil temperature profile (5 sensors 2,5,10,20,50 cm)
Soil Mositure - EnviroSCAN Probe
Soil moisture profile (up to 0.5 m)
continous measurements
CHUVA – Basic Set of Equipments
Vertical pointing micro Doppler rain radar
Keplel – 24.1 Ghz
CS110 - Electric Field Sensor
Measuring the local electric field
CHUVA – Basic Set of Equipments
Surface Weather Measurements
Values of air temperature, humidity, atmospheric
pressure, windspeed and direction, radiation
measurements
EC150 open path gas analyser and the sonic
(CSAT3) coupled for the surface momentum,
energy, water vapour and CO2 fluxes
Radiation components: solar (shortwave) and
terrestrial (longwave) radiation upward and downward
fluxes
Classificação de Hidrometeoros:
Coeficiente de correlação transversal
Alan Calheiros
mudança de fase diferencial
A physically-based identification of
Vertical Profile of Reflectivity
altitude
Solid zone
Melting phase
Liquid phase
distance
Goal: use radar measurements to retrieve a physically-based representation
of the Vertical Profile of Reflectrivity and characterize links between
physical processes of rainfall at ground and aloft.
Pierre Emmanuel Kirstetter
41/52
Diffusion
model
Physically-based model
(Mie)
Distribution
N(D,h) (gamma)
Phase & Composition
( « matrice-inclusion »
h
h
scheme)
S
h
Nt
Vertical
profile of
Reflectivity
Do
Dg
H
M
Ntm Zm
N(D, Z, h) = Z(h)α Z g Z (
sol
Nts
D
Z −βZ
)
Dos
Zo est fixé
Zo
Pierre Emmanuel Kirstetter
Dom
Z/Zo
43/52
High resolution - BRAMS 1 km.
mm
BRAMS 1 km
BRAMS 1 km : NX, NY = 500, 500
300 processos –> 2 ½ h de
processamento
24 horas de previsão.
Modelo – Radar – Satélite : Banco de Dados
Microfísicos
Radar
X-POL
Modelo c/
microfísica
Radar e a
técnica VPR
Disdro
metros
Modelo
radiativo
Satélite IR
Microondas
Simulações com BRAMS e RTTOV
1. Simulação com BRAMS:
Entrada
Saída
Processamento
Estudos de casos
BRAMS
Profiles:
Rain, Snow, Graupel,
Aggregates,
Cloud-Water,
Cloud-Ice
2. Simulação com RTTOVS:
INPUT DATA
Profiles:
Rain, Snow, Graupel,
Aggregates,
Cloud-Water,
Cloud-Ice
RTTOV
3. Avaliação das Simulações:
Temp. de Brilho do
RTTOV
Temp. de Brilho do
Satélite
Temp. Brilho
Simulações – Modelo de alta resolução e Modelo
radiativo – Base de Dados
Resultados do Renato Galante
3. Avaliação das Simulações: Sensor TMI/TRMM
Temperatura de Brilho Simulada
Temperatura de Brilho Observada
CHUVA WEB
Curso – Processos Físicos da Nuvens – 28/3 a 1/4
Segunda
Micrometeorologi
a conceitos
básicos
(Gilberto)
Terça
Microfísica da
nuvens
(Morales)
Modelagem em
alta resolução –
conceitos
básicos
(Assunção)
Micrometeorologi
a e a formação
de nuvens
(Gilberto)
Quarta
Modelagem de
nuvens –
interação
aerosol-nuvens
(Assunção)
Satélites e
Modelagem
Radiativa
(Luiz)
Quinta
Radar Princípios
básicos
(Frederico)
Sexta
Estimativa de
precipitação
satélite e radar
(Frederico)
Ferramentas
para Previsão
imediata
(Luiz)
Eletrificação das
nuvens
(Morales)
Obrigado
Todos que desejarem participar do CHUVA
São Bem vindos.
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