Chapter II

Chapter III
VIÑËUPADA—PRAKARAËAM
Declinations
Viñëupada is the term for "inflected word", a word to which suffixes have been added to
indicate its gramatical value in a sentence, like in the conjugation of verbs or in the declension
of nouns.
This chapter deals with declensions, and the first seven sütras explain the basic rules.
87
ADaaTau ivZ<au>ai¢-k-MaQaRvNa( NaaMa ))87))
adhätu-viñëubhaktikam arthavan näma
a— not; dhätu—a dhätu, verbal root; viñëubhaktikam—a Viñëubhakti, suffix; arthavat—having
meaning; näma—called näma.
Any word that is not dhätu nor Viñëubhakti , and has independent meaning, is called näma.
88
Pa[k*-iTa" PaUvaR ))88))
prakåtiù pürvä
prakåtiù—prakåti (original word, without Viñëubhaktis, therefore without gramatical value in
the sentence); pürvä—the first part.
The first part of a Viñëupada is called prakåti.
89
Pa[TYaYa" Par" ))89))
pratyayaù paraù
pratyayaù—pratyaya, the same as Viñëubhakti, suffix; paraù—the last part.
The second part is called pratyaya.
I) prakåti+ pratyaya (or Viñëubhakti) = Viñëupada (inflected word)
Ex: (Bg 1.1) dharma-kñetra (prakåti)+ i (pratyaya) Ö (41) dharma-kñetre (Viñëupada or
inflected word).
90
Ta}a NaaMNa" Sau AaE JaSPa[QaMaa, AMaaE XaiSÜTaqYa, $=a >YaaiM>aSTa*TaqYaa,
xe >YaaM>YaScTauQas, xiSa >YaaM>YaSa( PaÄMaq, xSaaeSaaMziï,
Naq AaeSa( SauPSaáMaq ))90))
tatra nämnaù su au jas prathamä, am au ças dvitéyä,
öä bhyäm bhis tåtéyä, ìe bhyäm bhyas caturthé,
ìasi bhyäm bhyas païcamé, ìas os äm ñañöhé, ni os sup saptamé
List of original Viñëubhaktis and their respective cases for the declension of Nämas:
CASES
1st Prathamä
Singular
eka-vacanam
su~
Dual
dvi-vacanam
au
Plural
bahu-vacanam
jas
2nd Dvitéyä
3rd Tåtéyä
4th Caturthé
5th Païcamé
6th Ñañöhé
7th Saptamé
am
öä
ìe
ìasi
ìas
ìi
”
bhyäm
”
”
os
”
ças
bhis
bhyas
”
äm
sup
I) Prathamä Viñëubhaktis are also used as Sambodhana, corresponding to Vocative case in
Latin, which is like an eighth case.
II) Brief explanation of each case:
(This subject will be extensively explained in the section Käraka-prakaraëam, chapter V)
1- Prathamä (prath) − is used to indicate the subject.
Ex: suhåd vadati ( the friend speaks.
2- Dvitéyä (dvit) − indicates the end of the action, normally object. This case can be sometimes
identified by the use of the preposition ‘to’.
Ex: suhådaà paçyämi – I see a friend.
suhådaà vadämi − I talk to a friend.
suhåd mandiraà gacchati − the friend goes to the temple.
3- Tåtéyä (tåt) − indicates the means by which the action is done, or that someone is
accompanying the performance of the action. Usually this case is expressed in English by the
use of the prepositions ‘by’ or ‘with’.
Ex : kareëa khädämi − I eat with the hand.
suhådä gacchämi − I go with a friend.
4- Caturthé (cat) − indicates the beneficiary of the action. Usually identified by the preposition
‘to’.
Ex: suhåde dänaà dadämi − I give a gift to my friend.
5- Païcamé (païc) − refers to the source of the action, and the preposition used is ‘from’.
Ex : suhådaù dänaà pratighånämi − I receive a gift from a friend.
6- Ñañöhé (ñañ) − is used to indicate possession, and the preposition is ‘of’.
Ex : suhådaù gåhaù − the house of my friend.
7- Saptamé (sap) − indicates the place.
Ex: suhåd gåhe − the friend is in his house.
suhådi viçväsaù − confidence in a friend .
8- Sambodhana (Sam) − is used to address or call somebody.
Ex: he suhåd − Oh my friend!
91
Ta}a JaTaXaxPaa wTa", oê Saae", xSaer( wê ))91))
tatra ja-öa-ça-ìa-pä itaù, uç ca soù, ìaser iç ca
tatra— there, in these; ja-öa-ça-ìa-päù—ja, öa, ça, ìa and pa-Räma; itaù — ‘it’ or ‘anubandha’,
indicatory letter; uù ca soù—also the u~ of su~; ìaseù iù ca—and i-Räma of ìasi
In these Viñëubhaktis, j, ö, ç, ì and p, the u~ of su~, and i of ìasi are it.
I) ‘It’ or anubandha is a indicatory letter or letters used along with some pratyayas, dhätus, and
even with some nämas. There are three reasons by which anubandhas are used: 1- uccharaëaartha (to facilitate pronunciation), 2- lakñaëa (to distinguish paronyms), 3- vidhi (to give rules
for certain words).They disappear in the process of forming the declention of the word.
II) List of the original Viñëubhaktis with anubandhas in brackets:
1st prathamä
s[u~]
au
[j]as
2nd dvitéyä
am
”
[ç]as
3rd tåtéyä
[ö]ä
bhyäm
bhis
4th caturthé
[ì]e
”
bhyas
5th païcamé
[ì]as[i]
”
”
[ì]as
os
äm
[ì]i
”
su[p]
6th ñañöhé
7th saptamé
92
NaaMaSa&j(êTauivRDa" ))92))
näma-saàjïaç caturvidhaù
näma-saàjïaù—called Näma; caturvidhaù—four kinds.
The nämas are of four classes.
I) The four classes of the nämas: (1) Puruñottama-liìga (masculine gender), (2) Lakñmé-liìga
(feminine gender), (3) Brahma-liìga (neuter gender), (4) avyaya (indeclinable).
(From this point on the cases of the words in the sütras is indicated in the synonyms. The
abreviation of the cases is given in the next chart, and the number is indicated by the letters e
(eka-vacanam, singular), d (dvi-vacanam, dual) and b(bahu-vacanam, plural).
93
SarraMaYaaeivRZ<auSaGaaeR ivZ<auPadaNTae ))93))
sa-ra-rämayor viñëusargo viñëupadänte
sa-ra-rämayoù (ñañ d)—of sa- and ra-Räma; viñëusargaù (prath e)—Viñëusarga; viñëupadänte
(Sapt e)— at the end of Viñëupada.
Sa and ra-Räma change to Viñëusarga at Viñëupadänta.
I) The Viñëubhaktis after removing the anubandhas and applying sütra 93:
prath
dvit
tåt
cat
païc
ñañ
sap
samb
ù
am
ä
e
aù
”
i
ù
au
”
bhyäm
”
”
os
”
au
II) Examples of the application of the Viñëubhaktis to a näma:
a) suhåd (friend)
suhådau
suhådaù
prath
suhåd1
dvit
suhådam
”
”
tåt
suhådä
suhådbhyäm
suhådbhiù
cat
suhåde
”
suhådbhyaù
païc
suhådaù
”
”
aù
”
bhiù
bhyaù
”
äm
su
aù
ñañ
”
suhådoù
suhådäm
sap
suhådi
”
suhåtsu2
samb
suhåd
suhådau
suhådaù
1
Here, in this case, the suffix su\ is not applied; 2there is internal sandhi (63).
b) nau (boat)
prath
nauù
nävau
nävaù
1
dvit
nävam
”
”
tåt
nävä
naubhyäm
naubhiù
cat
näve
”
naubhyaù
païc
nävaù
”
”
ñañ
”
nävoù
näväm
sap
nävi
”
nauñu2
samb
nauù
nävau
nävaù
1
nau+ am Ö (52) nävam; 2 (107)
III) Declention of kåñëa in prathamä:
kåñëa+ s[u] Ö (91) kåñëa+ s Ö (93) kåñëaù
kåñëa+ au Ö (46) kåñëau
kåñëa+ [j]as Ö (91) kåñëa+ as Ö (93) kåñëa+ aù Ö (40) kåñëäù
prath
kåñëaù
kåñëau
kåñëäù
94
dXaavTaaradMXaSaaerraMahr" ))94))
daçävatäräd am-çasor a-räma-haraù
daçävatärät (païc e)—after Daçävatära; am-çasoù (ñañ d)—of am and [ç]as; a-räma-haraù
(prath e)—the elision (Hara) of a-Räma.
After Daçävatära, a-Räma of am and [ç]as is Hara.
I) Kåñëa, dvitéyä eka-vacanam:
kåñna+ am Ö (94) kåñëa+ m Ö kåñëam
95
dXaavTaarSYa i}aiv§-Ma" XaiSa, TaSMaaTa( Saae Na" Pau&iSa ))95))
daçävatärasya trivikramaù çasi, tasmät so naù puàsi
daçävatärasya (ñañ e)—of Daçävatära; trivikramaù (prath e)—Trivikrama; çasi (sap e)—before
[ç]as; tasmät (païc e)—after that; saù (prath e)—sa-Räma; naù (prath e)—na-Räma; puàsi
(sap e)—in masculine nämas.
Before [ç]as, Dañävatära changes to Trivikrama, and if the word is masculine, the s of [ç]as
changes to n.
I) Kåñëa, dvitéya bahu-vacanam:
kåñëa+ [ç]as Ö (91) kåñëa+ as Ö (94) kåñëa+ s Ö (95) kåñëä+ s Ö (95) kåñëä+ n Ö kåñëän
dvit
kåñëam
kåñëau
kåñëän
Sarveçvaränta Puruñottama-liìga
96
AraMaaNTa" k*-Z<aSa&j(" ))96))
a-rämäntaù kåñëa-saàjïaù
a-räma-antaù (prath e)—ending in a-Räma; kåñëa-saàjïaù (prath e)—called Kåñëa.
Any näma ending in a-Räma is called Kåñëa.
I) In Sanskrit, the nämas ending in Vämana a are either masculine or neuter.
97
k*-Z<aaT$=a wNa" ))97))
kåñëät öä inaù
kåñëät (païc e)—after Kåñëa; öäù (prath e)—[ö]ä; inaù (prath e)—the replacement ina.
After Kåñëa, [ö]ä is replaced by ina.
I) Tåtéyä, eka-vacanam:
kåñëa+ [ö]ä Ö (97) kåñëa+ ina Ö (41) kåñëena
98
k*-Z<aSYa i}aiv§-Maae GaaePaale/ ))98))
kåñëasya trivikramo gopäle
kåñëasya (ñañ e)—of Kåñëa; trivkramaù (prath e)—Trivikrama; gopäle (sap e)—before Gopäla.
In Kåñëa, final a becomes Trivikrama before Gopäla.
I) Tåtéyä, dvi-vacanam:
kåñëa+ bhyäm Ö (98) kåñëä+ bhyäm Ö kåñëäbhyäm
99
k*-Z<aaiÙSaESa( ))99))
kåñëäd bhis ais
kåñëät (païc e)—after Kåñëa; bhis (prath e)— bhis; ais (prath e)—the replacement ais.
After Kåñna, bhis is replaced by ais.
I) Tåtéya, bahu-vacanam:
kåñëa+ bhis Ö (99) kåñna+ ais Ö (45) kåñëais Ö (93) kåñëaiù
Trit
kåñëena
kåñëäbhyäm
kåñëaiù
100
k*-Z<aaTxeYaR" ))100))
kåñëät ìer yaù
kåñëät (païc e)—after Kåñëa; ìeù (prath e)—Viñëubhakti [ì]e; yaù (prath e)—the replacement
ya.
After Kåñëa, [ì]e is replaced by ya.
I) Caturthé, eka-vacanam:
kåñëa+ [ì]e Ö (100) kåñëa+ ya Ö (98) kåñëä+ ya Ö kåñëäya
101
k*-Z<aSYa W vEZ<ave bhuTve ))101))
kåñëasya e vaiñëave bahutve
kåñëasya (ñañ e)—of Kåñëa; e—e-Räma; vaiñëave (sap e)—before Vaiñëava ; bahutve (sap e)—
in plural.
In plural, final a of Kåñëa changes to e when it is followed by Vaiñëava.
I) Caturthé, bahu-vacanam:
kåñëa+ bhyas Ö (101) kåñëe+ bhyas Ö (93) kåñëebhyaù
cat
kåñëäya
kåñëäbhyäm
kåñëebhyaù
102
k*-Z<aaTxSaeraTa( ))102))
kåñëät ìaser ät
kåñëät (païc e)—after Kåñëa; ìaseù (ñañ e)—of [ì]as[i]; ät (prath e)—the replacement ät.
After Kåñëa, [ì]as[i] is replaced by ät.
I) Païcamé, eka-vacanam:
kåñëa+ [ì]as[i] Ö (102) kåñëa+ ät Ö (40) kåñëät
païc
kåñëät
kåñëäbhyäm
kåñëebhyaù
103
k*-Z<aaTxSa" SYa ))103))
kåñëät ìasaù sya
kåñëät (païc e)—after Kåñëa; ìasaù (ñañ e)—of [ì]as; sya—the replacement sya.
After Kåñëa, [ì]as is replaced by sya.
I) Ñañöé, eka-vacanam:
kåñëa+ [ì]as Ö (103) kåñëa+ sya Ö kåñëasya
104
k*-Z<aSYa W AaeiSa ))104))
kåñëasya e osi
kåñëasya (ñañ e)—of Kåñëa; e—e-Räma; osi (sap e)—before os.
Final a of Kåñëa changes to e before os.
I) Ñañöé, dvi-vacanam:
kåñëa+ os Ö (104) kåñëe+ os Ö (51) kåñëay+ os Ö (93) kåñëayoù
105
vaMaNaGaaePaqraDaa>Yaae Nau@( AaiMa ))105))
vämana-gopé-rädhäbhyo nuò ämi
vämana-gopé-rädhäbhyaù (païc d)—after words ending in Vämana, after Gopé-saàjïa or
Rädhä-saàjïa; nuö (prath e)—the particle n[uö]; ämi (sap e)—before äm.
After Vämana, Gopé-saàjïa and Rädhä-saàjïa, n[uö] is inserted before äm.
I) This particle n[uö], has ‘öa-Räma as it’. The characteristic of the suffixes with this kind of
anubandha is that they always integrate with the following Viñëubhakti.
106
vaMaNaSYa i}aiv§-Maae NaaiMa, Na* XaBdSYa Tau va, Na iTaSa*cTaóae" ))106
vämanasya trivikramo nämi, nå-çabdasya tu vä, na tiså-catasroù
vämanasya (ñañ e)—of Vämana; trivikramaù (prath e)—Trivikrama; nämi (sap e)—before näm
(n[uö]äm); nå-çabdasya (ñañ e)—of the word nå (man); tu— but; vä— optional; na— not; tisåcatasroù (ñañ d)—of the words tiså and cataså (tri and catur in Lakñmé-liìga).
Before näm, Vämana becomes Trivikrama, except in tiså and cataså; and it is optional in nå.
I) Ñañöé, bahu-vacanam:
kåñëa+ äm Ö (105) kåñëa+ n[uö]äm Ö kåñëa+ näm Ö (106) kåñëä+ näm Ö kåñëänäm
ñañ
kåñëasya
kåñëayoù
kåñëänäm
I) Saptami, eka-vacanam:
kåñëa+ [ì]i Ö (91) kåñëa+ i Ö (41) kåñëe
107
wRìrhiriMa}ak-xe>Ya" Pa[TYaYa iviriÄSaSYa zae, NauiMvZ<auSaGaR
VYavDaaNae_iPa, Na Tau ivZ<auPadaÛNTa SaaTaqNaaMa( ))107))
éçvara-harimitra-kaìebhyaù pratyaya-viriïci-sasya ño, num-viñëusargavyavadhäne 'pi, na tu viñëupadädyanta-säténäm
éçvara-harimitra-ka-ìebhyaù (païc d)—after Éçvara, Harimitra, ka- and ìa-Räma; pratyayaviriïci—of a pratyaya (Viñëubhakti, suffix) and Viriïci (36); sasya (ñañ e)—of sa-Räma; ñaù
(prath e)—ña-Räma; num-viñëusarga-vyavadhäne (sap e)—in the case of interposition of the
particle num or Viñëusarga; api—even; na—not; tu—but; viñëupada-ädi-anta—at the
beginning or at the end of Viñëupada; säténäm (ñañ d)—of the word säté (gift).
After Éçvara, Harimitra, k and ì, s changes to ñ, if this s belongs to a pratyaya or Viriïci, and
even if num or Viñëusarga are interposed; but this does not happen at the beginning or at the
end of word, nor in the case of säté.
I) Saptamé, bahu-vacanam:
kåñëa+ su[p] Ö (101) kåñëe+ su Ö (107) kåñëe+ ñu Ö kåñëeñu
sap
kåñëe
kåñëayoù
kåñëeñu
108
SaMbaeDaNae SaubuRÖSa&j(" ))108))
sambodhane sur buddha-saàjïaù
sambodhane (sap e)—in sambodhana (calling and addressing); suù (prath e)—Viñëubhakti
s[u\]; buddha-saàjïaù (prath e)—called Buddha.
In Sambodhana, s[u\] is called Buddha.
109
WAaevaMaNae>Yaae buÖSYaadXaRNaMa( ))109))
e-o-vämanebhyo buddhasyädarçanam
e-o-vämanebhyaù (païc d)—after e-, o-Räma or Vämana; buddhasya (ñañ e)—of
Buddha; adarçanam (prath e)—disappearance.
Buddha disappears after Vämana, e or o,
I) Sambodhana, eka-vacanam:
kåñëa+ s[u] Ö (109) kåñëa
II) Complete chart of Kåñëa-saàjïa:
prath
kåñëaù
kåñëau
kåñëäù
dvit
tåt
cat
païc
ñañ
sap
samb
kåñëam
kåñëena
kåñëäya
kåñëät
kåñëasya
kåñëe
kåñëa
”
kåñëäbhyäm
”
”
kåñëayoù
”
kåñëau
kåñëän
kåñëaiù
kåñëebhyaù
”
kåñëänäm
kåñëeñu
kåñëäù
110
rz‰ÜYae>Yaae NaSYa <a", SaveRìrhYavk-vGaRPavGaR VYavDaaNae_iPa
SaMaaNaivZ<auPade, Na Tau ivZ<auPadaNTaSYa ))110))
ra-ña-å-dvayebhyo nasya ëaù, sarveçvara-ha-ya-va-kavarga-pavargavyavadhäne 'pi samäna-viñëupade, na tu viñëupadäntasya
ra-ña-å-dvayebhyaù (païc d)—after ra-, ña-Räma and å-Dvaya; nasya (ñañ e)—of na-Räma; ëaù
(prath e)—ëa-Räma; sarveçvara-ha-ya-va-ka-varga-pa-varga-vyavadhäne (sap e)—in case of
interposition of Sarveçvara, ha-, ya-, va-Räma, ka-varga and pa-varga; api-even; samänaviñëupade (sap e)—in the same Viñëupada; na—not; tu—but; viñëupada-antasya (ñañ e)—of
the end of Viñëupada.
After r, ñ or å-Dvaya, n changes to ë, even if there is interposition of Sarveçvara, h, y, v, kavarga and pa-varga, or any combination of these letters. This change takes place within the
same word but not at Viñëupadänta.
I) Ex:
räma+ [ö]ä Ö (97) räma+ ina Ö (41) rämena Ö (110) rämeëa
(In rämeëa, there is interposition of ‘äme’, two Sarveçvaras and pa-varga.)
räma+ äm Ö (105) räma+ n[uö]. äm Ö räma+ näm Ö (106) rämä+ näm Ö
(110) rämäëäm
Some examples: rudräëäm, manuñyäëäm, karmaëi, indriyäëi, pitåëäm, maharñéëäm.
111
XaSaadYaae YaduSa&j(" ))111))
çasädayo yadu-saïjïäù
ças-ädayaù (prath d)—beginning with [ç]as; yadu-saïjïäù (prath d)—called Yadus.
The Viñëubhakti from [ç]as onwards are called Yadus.
I) The Yadus:
[ç]as
[ö]ä
bhyäm
bhis
[ì]e
bhyäm
bhyas
[ì]as[i]
bhyäm
bhyas
[ì]as
os
äm
[ì]i
os
su[p]
(The Sambodhana Viñëubhaktis are not Yadus because they are actually prathamä.)
112
A}a PaaddNTaMaaSaYauz wTYaeTaeza&, PaÕTMaaSYaUziMaTYaeTae
ivirÄYaae Yaduzu va ))112))
atra päda-danta-mäsa-yüña ity eteñäà, pad-dat-mäs-yüñan ity ete viriïcayo
yaduñu vä
atra—here; päda-danta-mäsa-yüña iti—the words päda (foot), danta (tooth), mäsa (mouth) and
yüña (soup); eteñäm (ñañ d)—of these; pad-dat-mäs-yüñan iti—the forms pad, dat, mäs and
yüñan; ete (prath d)—this; viriïcayaù (prath d)—Viriïci (replacement); yaduñu (sap d)—before
any Yadu; vä—optionally.
The words päda, danta, mäsa and yüña can optionally be replaced by pad, dat, mäs and yüñan
before Yadu.
I) Ex: päda
päda+ [ç]as Ö (two forms by 112):
1) (94) päda+ s Ö (95) pädä+ n Ö pädän
2) (112) pad+ [ç]as Ö padaù
pädaù
pädam
pädena / padä
pädäya / pade
pädät / padaù
pädasya / padaù
päde / padi
päda
pädau
”
pädäbhyäm / padbhyäm
”
”
”
”
pädayoù / padoù
”
”
pädau
pädäù
pädän / padaù
pädaiù / padbhiù
pädebhyaù/ padbhyaù
”
”
pädänäm / padäm
pädeñu / patsu
pädäù
113
AaraMa hrae YaduSaveRìre, Na Tv( APa" ))113))
ä-räma-haro yadu-sarveçvare, na tv äpaù
ä-räma-haraù (prath e)—the elision (Hara) of ä-Räma; yadu-sarveçvare (sap e)—before any
Yadu beginning with Sarveçvara; na—not; tu—but; äpaù (païc e)—after a feminine noum
formed with ä[p].
Final ä is Hara before Yadu-Sarveçvaras, but not in feminine words.
I) The following Viñëubhaktis are Yadu-Sarveçvaras:
[ç]as, [ö]ä, [ì]e, [ì]as[i], [ì]as, os, äm, [ì]i.
II) Ex: viçvapä
viçvapä+ s[u] Ö viçvapäù
viçvapä+ au Ö (46) viçvapau
viçvapä+ [ç]as Ö (113) viçvap+ as Ö viçvapaù
viçvapä+ [ö]ä Ö (113) viçvap+ ä Ö viçvapä
114
woraMaaNTaae hirSa&j(" ))114))
i-u-rämänto hari-saàjïaù
i-u-rämäntaù (prath e)—ending in i- or u-Räma; hari-saàjïaù (prath e)—called Hari.
Any näma ending in i or u is called Hari.
I) Ex: Hari, prathamä eka-vacanam:
hari+ s[u] Ö hariù
viñëu+ s[u] Ö viñëuù
115
hirTa AaE PaUvRSav<aR" ))115))
harita au pürva-savarëaù
haritaù (païc e)—after Hari; au—Viñëubhakti au; pürva-sa-varëaù (prath e)-the same as the
previous letter.
After Hari, au changes to the preceding letter.
I) Ex: Hari, prathamä dvi-vacanam:
hari+ au Ö (115) hari+ i Ö haré
viñëu+ au Ö (115) viñëu+ u Ö viñëü
116
wÜYaSYa W, oÜYaSYa Aae, ‰ÜYaSYa A,R ‹ÜYaSYa AL,
GaaeivNdSa&j(" ))116))
i-dvayasya e, u-dvayasya o, å-dvayasya ar, ÿ-dvayasya al,
govinda-saàjïaù
i-dvayasya (ñañ e)—of i-Dvaya; e—e-Räma; u-dvayasya (ñañ e)—of u-Dvaya; o —o-Räma; ådvayasya (ñañ e)—of å-Dvaya; ar—the syllable ar; ÿ-dvayasya (ñañ e)—of ÿ-Dvaya; al—the
syllable al; govinda-saàjïaù (prath e)—called Govinda.
If i-Dvaya is replaced by e, u-Dvaya by o, å-Dvaya by ar, and ÿ-Dvaya by al, this is called
Govinda.
I)
i
u
å
ÿ
/
/
/
/
é
ü
è
ÿ
Ö
Ö
Ö
Ö
Govinda
e
o
ar
al
117
ixTaae v*iZ<aSa&j(" ))117))
ìito våñëi-saàjïäù
ìitaù (prath b)—the ìit-Viñëubhaktis (those which have ìa-Räma as ‘it’); våñëi-saàjïäù (prath
b)—called Våñëis.
Any ìit-Viñëubhaktis is called Våñëi.
I) The Våñëis are : [ì]e, [ì]as[i], [ì]as, [ì]i.
118
hreGaaeRivNdae JaiSa v*iZ<azu buÖe c ))118))
harer govindo jasi våñëiñu buddhe ca
hareù (ñañ e)—of Hari; govindaù (prath e)—Govinda; jasi (sap e)—before [j]as; våñëiñu (sap
b)—before Våñëis; buddhe (sap e)—before Buddha; ca—and.
Hari takes Govinda before [j]as, Våñëis and Buddha.
I) When it is said that a word takes Govinda, it refers to its last letter unless otherwise
specified.
II) Prathamä, bahu-vacanam:
hari+ [j]as Ö (118) hare+ as Ö (51) haray+ as Ö harayaù
viñëu+ [j]as Ö (118) viñëo+ as Ö (52) viñëav+ as Ö viñëavaù
(The application of this sütra to Våñëis and Buddha will be shown in the next sütras).
III) Dvitéya eka-vacanam:
hari+ am Ö (94) hari+ m Ö harim
viñëu+ am Ö (94) viñëu+ m Ö viñëum
IV) Dvitéya bahu-vacanam:
hari+ [ç]as Ö (94) hari+ s Ö (95) haré+ s Ö (95) haré+ n Ö harén
viñëu+ [ç]as Ö (94) viñëu+ s Ö (95) viñëü+ s Ö (95) viñëü+ n Ö viñëün
119
hirTaía Naa, Na Tau l/+MYaaMa( ))119))
haritañ öä nä, na tu lakñmyäm
haritaù (païc e)—after Hari-saàjïa; öä—[ö]ä; nä—the replacement nä; na—not; tu—but;
lakñmyäm (sap e)—in Lakñmé-liìga, feminine gender.
After Hari, [ö]ä is replaced by nä, but not in Lakñmé-liìga.
I) Tåtéyä, eka-vacanam:
hari+ [ö]ä Ö (119) hari+ nä Ö harinä Ö (110) hariëä
viñëu+ [ö]ä Ö (119) viñëu+ nä Ö viñëunä
II) Caturthé, eka-vacanam:
hari+ [ì]e Ö (118) hare+ e Ö (51) haray+ e Ö haraye
viñëu+ [ì]e Ö viñëu+ e Ö (118) viñëo+ e Ö (52) viñëav+ e Ö viñëave
120
WAae>YaaMxiSaxSaaerraMahr" ))120))
e-obhyäà ìasi-ìasor a-räma-haraù
e-obhyäm (païc d)—after e and o-Räma; ìasi-ìasoù (ñañ d)—of [ì]as[i] and [ì]as; a-rämaharaù (prath e)—the elision, Hara, of a-Räma.
After e and o, a-Räma of [ì]as[i] and [ì]as is Hara.
I) Païcamé / ñañöé, eka-vacanam:
hari+ [ì]as[i] (or [ì]as) Ö (118) hare+ as Ö (120) hare+ s Ö hareù
viñëu+ [ì]as[i] (or [ì]as) Ö (118) viñëo+ as Ö (120) viñëo+ s Ö viñëoù
II) Ñañöhé / saptamé, dvi-vacanam:
hari+ os Ö (47) hary+ os Ö haryoù
viñëu+ os Ö (48) viñëv+ os Ö viñëvoù
III) Ñañöhé, bahu-vacanam:
hari+ äm Ö 105) hari+ n [uö]+ äm Ö (106) haré+ näm Ö (110) haréëäm
viñëu+ äm Ö (105) viñëu+ n[uö]+ äm Ö (106) viñëü+ näm Ö viñëünäm
121
hirTa" xeraEc( ))121))
haritaù ìer auc
haritaù (païc e)—after Hari; ìeù(ñañ e)—of [ì]i; auc—the replacement au[c].
After Hari, [ì]i is replaced by au[c].
122
ANTYaSaveRìraidv<aaR" Sa&Saar Sa&j(" ))122))
antya-sarveçvarädi-varëäù saàsära-saàjïäù
antya-sarveçvara-ädi—beginning with the last Sarveçvara; varëäù (prath b)—the letters;
saàsära-saàjïäù (prath b)—called saàsära.
The letter or group of letters at the end of Viñëupada, beginning with the last Sarveçvara, is
called saàsära.
I) Ex: In the word bhagavat the saàsära is at; in Kåñëa the saàsära is a.
123
Sa&SaarSYa hriêiTa ))123))
saàsärasya haraç citi
saàsärasya (ñañ e)—of saàsära; haraù (prath e)—Hara; citi (sap e)—before a cit pratyaya (a
pratyaya in which ca-Räma is anibandha, or it).
Saàsära is Hara when it is followed by cit pratyaya.
I) Saptamé, eka-vacanam:
hari+ [ì]i Ö (121) hari+ au[c] Ö (123) har+ au Ö harau
viñëu+ [ì]i Ö (121) viñëu+ au[c] Ö (123) viñë+ au Ö viñëau
II) Saptamé, bahu-vacanam:
hari+ su[p] Ö (107) hariñu
viñëu+ su[p] Ö (107) viñëuñu
III) Sambodhana, eka-vacanam:
hari+ s[u] Ö (118) hare+ s[u] Ö (109) hare
viñëu+ s[u] Ö (118) viñëo+ s[u] Ö (109) viñëo
IV) Hari-saàjïa:
a) hari
hariù
haré
harim
”
hariëä
haribhyäm
haraye
”
hareù
”
”
haryoù
harau
”
hare
haré
b) viñëu
viñëuù
viñëü
viñëum
”
viëunä
viñëubhyäm
viñëave
”
viñëoù
”
”
viñëvoù
viñëau
”
viñëo
viñëü
harayaù
harén
haribhiù
haribhyaù
”
haréëäm
hariñu
harayaù
viñëavaù
viñëün
viñëubhiù
viñëubhyaù
”
viñëünäm
viñëuñu
viñëavaù
124
}aeñYaae NaaiMa SvaQaeR ))124))
tres trayo nämi svärthe
treù (ñañ e)—of the word tri; trayaù (prath e)—the replacement traya; nämi (sap e)—before
Viñëubhakti näm; sva-arthe (sap e)—in its direct meaning.
Tri is replaced by traya before näm, if it is used in the direct meaning.
I) Except for eka and dvi, all numerals are declined in bahu-vacanam.
II) Ex: tri
tri+ äm Ö (105) tri+ n[uö]+ äm Ö tri+ näm Ö
(124) traya+ näm Ö (106) trayänäm Ö (110) trayäëäm
In other cases, tri is declined like Hari:
tri+ [j]as Ö (118) tre+ as Ö (51) tray+ as Ö trayaù
tri+ [ç]as Ö (94) tri+ s Ö (95) tré+ n Ö trén
trayaù
trén
tribhiù
tribhyaù
”
trayäëäm
triñu
125
zNaaNTaSa&:YaaTa" k-Taeê JaSXaSaaer( Mahahr" SvaQaeR ))125))
ña-nänta-saìkhyätaù kateç ca jas-çasor mahäharaù svärthe
ña-na-anta—ending in ña or na-Räma; saìkhyätaù (païc e)—after a numeral; kateù (païc e)—
after the pronoun kati; ca—and; jas-çasoù (ñañ d)—of [j]as and [ç]as; mahä-haraù (prath e)—
Mahä-Hara; sva-arthe (sap e)—in the direct meaning.
After the numerals ending in ñ or n, and after kati, the suffixes [j]as and [ç]as are MahäHara, provided the numerals are used in their direct meaning.
I) The numerals : 1 eka, 2 dvi, 3 tri, 4 catur, 5 païcan, 6 ñañ, 7 saptan, 8 añöan, 9 navan, 10 daçan,
etc.
II) Difference between Hara and Mahä-Hara: In Mahä-Hara the suffix is removed before
effecting any transformation in the word, whereas in Hara some effect is felt before the
removal of the suffix.
III) Ex: kati (pron., ‘How many?’, declined only in the plural)
kati+ [j]as (or [ç]as) Ö (125) kati
Other cases: katibhiù, katibhyaù, katénäm, katiñu.
126
‰raMaSai%>YaaMSaaeraC, buÖMa( ivNaa ))126))
å-räma-sakhibhyäà sor äc, buddham vinä
å-räma-sakhibhyäm (païc d)—after å-Räma and the word sakhi (friend); soù (ñañ e)—of s[u];
äc—the replacement ä[c]; buddham (dvit e)—Buddha; vinä—except.
S[u] is replaced by ä[c] after å-Räma and the word sakhi, but not Buddha.
I) Ex: pitå (father)
pitå+ s[u] Ö (126) pitå+ ä[c] Ö (123) pit+ ä Ö pitä
II) sakhi:
sakhi+ su Ö (40) sakhi+ ä[c] Ö (37) sakh+ ä Ö sakhä
127
AÜYaSYa Aa, wÜYaSYa We, o ÜYaSYa AaE, ‰ÜYaSYa Aa,R
‹ÜYaSYa AaLv*Z<aqNd]Sa&j(" ))127))
a-dvayasya ä, i-dvayasya ai, u-dvayasya au, å-dvayasya är,
ÿ-dvayasya äl våñëéndra-saàjïaù
a-dvayasya (ñañ e)—of a or ä; ä—the vowel ä; i-dvayasya (ñañ e)—of i or é; ai—the vowel ai; udvayasya (ñañ e)—of u or ü; au—the vowel au; å-dvayasya (ñañ e)—of å or è; är— the syllable
är; ÿ-dvayasya (ñañ e)—of ÿ or ÿ; al—the syllable äl; våñëéndra-saàjïaù (prath e)—called
Våñëéndra.
When a-Dvaya is replaced by ä, i-Dvaya by ai, u-Dvaya by au, å-Dvaya by är, and ÿ-Dvaya
by äl, this is called Våñëéndra.
I)
Govinda
a
i
u
å
ÿ
/
/
/
/
/
ä
é
ü
è
ÿ
Ö
Ö
Ö
Ö
Ö
e
o
ar
al
Våñëéndra
ä
ai
au
är
äl
II) Process for forming Govinda (116) and Våñëéndra (127) :
In Govinda Sarveçvara is strenghtened by a preceding a-Räma.
Ex : a+ i = e; a+ ü = o, etc.
In Våñëéndra, Sarveçvara is strenghtened twice by a-Räma.
Ex : a+ [a+ i] Ö a+ e Ö ai
128
SvadYa" PaÄ Paa<@va" ))128))
sv-ädayaù païca päëòaväù
su-ädayaù (prath e)—the svädis, beginning with s[u] (another name to designate the
Viñëupada pratyayas or Viñëubhaktis ; païca (prath b)—five; päëòaväù (prath b)—Päëòavas.
The first five svädis are called Päëòavas.
I) The Päëòavas :
s[u]
am
au
au
[j]as
129
Sa:Yauv*RZ<aqNd]" SauvJa| Paa<@vezu ))129))
sakhyur våñëéndraù su-varjaà päëòaveñu
sakhyuù (ñañ e)—of the word sakhi; våñëéndraù (prath e)—Våñëéndra; su-varjam (dvit e)—
except s[u]; päëòaveñu (sap e)—before Päëòavas.
Sakhi takes Våñëéndra when it is followed by Päëòavas, except s[u].
I) sakhi+ au Ö (129) sakhai+ au Ö (51) sakhäy+ au Ö sakhäyau
sakhi+ [j]as Ö (129) sakhai+ as Ö (51) sakhäy+ as Ö (93) sakhäyaù
sakhi+ am Ö (129) sakhai+ am Ö (51) sakhäy+ am Ö sakhäyam
sakhi+ [ç]as Ö (94) sakhi+ s Ö (95) sakhé+ s Ö (95) sakhé+ n Ö sakhén
130
Na Sai%hRirSa&j(íadaE, PaiTaSTv( ASaMaaSae ))130))
na sakhir hari-saàjïañ öädau, patis tv asamäse
na—not; sakhiù (prath e)—sakhi; hari-saàjïaù (prath e)—Hari-saàjïa; öä-ädau (sap e)—
beginning with [ö]ä; patiù (prath e)—the word pati; tu—but; a-samäse (sap e)—not in samäsa
(compound).
Sakhi is not Hari-saàjïa from [ö]ä onwards; nor pati, provided it is not in samäsa.
I) sakhi+ [ö]ä Ö (47) sakhyä
sakhi+ [ì]e Ö (47) sakhye
II) pati+ [ö]ä Ö (47) patyä
pati+ [ì]e Ö (47 ) patye
131
:YaTYaa>YaaMxiSaxSaaeåSa( ))131))
khya-tyäbhyäà ìasi-ìasor us
khya-tyäbhyäm (païc d)—after words ending in khi / khé or ti / té; ìasi-ìasoù (ñañ d)—of
[ì]as[i] and [ì]as; us—the replacement us.
After words ending in khi, khé, ti, or té, [ì]as[i] and [ì]as are replaced by us.
I) sakhi+ [ì]as[i] (or [ì]as) Ö (131) sakhi+ us Ö (47) sakhy+ us Ö (93) sakhyuù
pati+ [ì]as[i] (or [ì]as) Ö (131) pati+ us Ö (47) paty+ us Ö patyuù
132
Sai%PaiTa>YaaMxeraE ))132))
sakhi-patibhyäà ìer au
sakhi-patibhyäm (païc d)—after sakhi and pati; ìeù (ñañ e)—of [ì]i; au—the replacement au.
After sakhi and pati, [ì]i is replaced by au.
I) sakhi+ [ì]i Ö (132) sakhi+ au Ö (47) sakhyau
sakhi+ Buddha Ö (118) sakhe+ s[u] Ö (109) sakhe
II) pati+ [ì]i Ö (132) pati+ au Ö (47 ) patyau
pati+ Buddha Ö (118) pate+ s[u] Ö (109) pate
a) sakhi
sakhä
sakhäyam
sakhyä
sakhye
sakhyuù
”
sakhyau
sakhe
sakhäyau
”
sakhibhyäm
”
”
sakhyoù
”
sakhäyau
b) pati
patiù
patim
patyä
patye
patyuù
”
patyau
pate
sakhäyaù
sakhén
sakhibhiù
sakhibhyaù
”
sakénäm
sakhiñu
sakhäyaù
paté
”
patibhyäm
”
”
patyoù
”
paté
patayaù
patén
patibhiù
patibhyaù
”
paténäm
patiñu
patayaù
III) When pati is in samäsa (ex: prajäpati, narapati, gaëapati, lakñmépati, etc.) it is declined like
Hari. According to 130, the difference between pati and pati in samäsa is only öä and the
Våñëés: (tåt e) prajäpatinä, (cate) prajäpataye, (païc / ñañ e) prajäpateù, (sap e) prajäpatau.
133
DaaTaaerqdUTaaeirYauvaE SaveRìre bhul/Ma( ))133))
dhätor éd-ütor iy-uvau sarveçvare bahulam
dhätoù (ñañ e)—of a dhätu (verbal root); ét-ütoù i (ñañ e)—of é or ü-Räma; iy-uvau (prath d)—
the syllables iy and uv; sarveçvare (sap e)—before Sarveçvara; bahulam—variously (a rule is
called bahula, when it has many exceptions).
i
(The letter t is added to é or ü only to facilitate the pronounciation—uccharäëärtha).
The é or ü of a dhätu changes to iy or uv before any suffix beginning with Sarveçvara. But this
rule is bahula.
I) Examples:
a) kåñëa-çré (Kåñëa's opulence):
K çréù
K çriyau
K çriyaù
K çriyam
”
”
K çriyä
K çrébhyäm
K çrébhiù
K çriye
”
K çrébhyaù
K çriyaù
”
”
”
K çriyoù
K çriyäm
K çriyi
”
K çréñu
K çréù
K çriyau
K çriyaù
b) svayam-bhü (self—born):
S bhüù
S bhuvau
S bhuvam
”
S bhuvä
S bhübhyäm
S bhuve
”
S bhuvaù
”
”
S bhuvoù
S bhuvi
”
S bhüù
S bhuvau
S bhuvaù
”
S bhübhiù
S bhübhyaù
”
S bhuväm
S bhüñu
S bhuvaù
II) Daityapramé (destroyer of the demons) is an exception of this sütra.Here only sandhi is
applied.
daityapramé+ s[u] Ö daityapraméù
daityapramé+ au Ö (47) daityapramyau
daityapramé+ [j]as Ö (47) daityapramyaù, etc. .
134
NaqraDaa>YaaMxeraMa( ))134))
né-rädhäbhyäà ìer äm
né-rädhäbhyäm (païc d)—after the word né (leader, leading), and after Rädhä-saàjïa (142);
ìeù (ñañ e)—of [ì]i; äm—the replacement äm.
After a compound ending with the word né, and after Rädhä-saàjïa, [ì]i is replaced by äm.
I) Ex: viçvané (leader of the universe)
This is another example of different exceptions (bahula) of sütra 133. Here, before
Sarveçvaras, the application of 133 is optional.
viçvané+ [ì]i Ö (134) viçvané+ äm Ö (two forms):
a) (133) viçvaniy+ äm Ö viçvaniyäm
b) (47) viçvanyäm
135
‰raMaSYa GaaeivNd" Paa<@vezu xaE c ))135))
å-rämasya govindaù päëòaveñu ìau ca
å-rämasya (ñañ e)—of å-Räma; govindaù (prath e)—Govinda; päëòaveñu (sap e)—before the
Päëòavas; ìau (sap e)—before [ë]i; ca—and.
Å-Räma takes Govinda before Päëòavas and [ì]i.
I) Ex: pitå
pitå+ s[u] Ö (126,123) pitä
(126 takes precedence over 135)
pitå+ au Ö (135) pitar+ au Ö pitarau
pitå+ [j]as Ö (135) pitar+ as Ö pitaraù
pitå+ am Ö (135) pitar+ am Ö pitaram
pitå+ [ì]i Ö (135) pitar+ i Ö pitari
II) Other cases:
pitå+ [ç]as Ö (94) pitå+ s Ö (95) pitè+ n Ö pitèn
pitå+ [ö]ä Ö (49) piträ
136
‰raMaTaae xiSaxSaaerSYa oc( ))136))
å-rämato ìasi-ìasor asya uc
å-rämataù (païc e)—after å-Räma; ìasi-ìasoù (ñañ d)—of [ì]as[i] and [ì]as; asya (ñañ e)—of aRäma; uc—the replacement u[c] (‘cit’, 123).
After å-Räma, a of [ì]asi and [ì]as is replaced by u[c].
I) pitå+ [ì]as[i] (or [ì]as) Ö (136) pitå+ u[c]s Ö (123) pit+ us Ö pituù
II) pitå+ äm Ö (105) pitå+ n[uö]+ äm Ö (106) pitè+ näm Ö (110) pitèëäm
pitå+ su [p] Ö (107) pitåñu
137
buÖe GaaeivNd" ))137))
buddhe govindaù
buddhe (sap e)—before Buddha; govindaù (prath e)—Govinda.
Å-Räma takes Govinda before Buddha.
I) pitå+ Buddha Ö (137) pitar+ s[u] Ö (continon next sütra)
138
raDaaivZ<auJaNaa>YaaMaqPaê i}aiv§-MaaTSaaehRr" ))138))
rädhä-viñëujanäbhyäm épaç ca trivikramät sor haraù
rädhä-viñëujanäbhyäm (païc d)—after Rädhä-saàjïa and Viñëujana; épaù (païc e)—after
feminine words formed with é[p]; ca—and; trivikramät (païc e)—after Trivikrama; soù (ñañ
e)—of s[u]; haraù (prath e)—Hara, elision.
S[u] is Hara after Rädhä-saàjïa, Viñëujana, and feminine words ending in Trivikrama é.
I) The suffix é[p] is used to form Lakñmé-liìga of certain words. Ex: gopa—gopé, deva—devé,
däsa—däsé, prabhu—prabhvé, sädhu—sädhvé.
II) Examples with Rädhä, etc. are given in the next section.
III) (cont. from 137) Ö pitar+ s[u] Ö (138) pitar Ö (93) pitaù
IV) Declention of å-Rämäntas:
a) pitå :
pitä
pitarau
pitaraù
pitaram
”
pitèn
piträ
pitåbhyäm
pitåbhiù
pitre
”
pitåbhyaù
pituù
”
”
”
pitroù
pitèëäm
pitari
”
pitåñu
pitaù
pitarau
pitaraù
138a 1
SvSa*Ta*LTa*NPa[TYaYaaNTaaNaa& v*Z<aqNd]" SauvJa| Paa<@vezu
svaså-tål-tån-pratyayäntänäà våñëéndraù su-varjaà päëòaveñu
svaså—the word svaså (sister); tål-tån-pratyaya-antänäm (ñañ b)—of words ending in tå[l] and
tå[n]; su-varjam—excepting s[u]; päëòaveñu (sap b)—before Päëòavas.
Svaså and words ending in tå take Våñnéndra before Päëòavas, except before s[u].
I) All words ending in tå are considered in this category, except pitå, matå (mother), bhrätå
(brother), yätå (husband's brother's wife), jämätå (son-in-law), and duhitå (daughter).
II) 138a takes precedence over 135 wherever applicable.
III) Ex: hantå (one who kills)
hantå+ s[u] Ö (126,123) hantä
hantå+ au Ö (138) hantär+ au Ö hantärau
hantå+ [j]as Ö (138a) hantär+ as Ö hantäraù
hantå+ am Ö (138a) hantär+ am Ö hantäram
hantå+ [ç]as Ö (94,95) hantèn
139
raYa Aa Sa>aae" ))139))
räya ä sa-bhoù
räyaù (ñañ e)—of the word rai, opulence ( as paradigm of words ending in ai-Räma); ä—äRäma; sa-bhoù (sap d)—before any Viñëubhakti beginning with sa- or bha-Räma.
Final ai changes to ä before s or bh.
I) Ex: Kåñëarai (Kåñëa’s oppulence)
kåñëarai+ s[u] Ö (139) kåñnarä+ s Ö kåñëaräù
1
Båhat 204
kåñëarai+ au Ö (51) kåñëaräyau
kåñëarai+ bhyäm Ö (139) kåñëarä+ bhyäm Ö kåñëaräbhyäm
Other cases: ([j]as, [ç]as, [ì]as[i], [ì]as) kåñëaräyaù, ([ö]ä) kåñëaräyä, (su[p]) kåñëaräsu, etc.
140
Aae AaE Paa<@vezu ))140))
o au päëòaveñu
o—o-Räma; au—au-Räma; päëòaveñu (sap b)—before Päëòavas.
Final o changes to au before Päëòavas.
I) Ex: go (cow, bull, sense, earth)
go+ s[u] Ö (140) gau+ s Ö gauù
go+ au Ö (140) gau+ au Ö (52) gäv+ au Ö gävau
go+ [j]as Ö (140) gau+ as Ö (52) gäv+ as Ö gävaù
141
Aae Aa AMXaSaaeNaR c Saae Na" ))141))
o ä am-çasor na ca so naù
o—o-Räma; ä—ä-Räma; am-çasoù (sap d)—before am and [ç]as; na—not; ca—and; saù (prath
e)—sa-Räma; naù (prath e)—na-Räma.
Final o changes to ä before am and [ç]as; and s of [ç]as does not change to n.
I) This sütra modifies 95.
II) go+ am Ö (141) gä+ am Ö (94) gä+ m Ö gäm
III) go+ [ç]as Ö (141) gä+ as Ö (94) gä+ s Ö gäù
go+ [ö]ä Ö (52) gav+ ä Ö gavä
go+ [ì]as[i] (or [ì]as) Ö go+ as Ö (120) go+ s Ö goù
go+ os Ö (52) gav+ os Ö gavoù
IV) go:
gauù
gävau
gäm
”
gavä
gobhyäm
gave
”
goù
”
”
gavoù
gavi
”
gauù
gävau
gävaù
gäù
gobhiù
gobhyaù
”
gaväm
goñu
gävaù
V) For masculine words ending in au no specific sütras are given—only sandhi is applied
wherever necessary.
Ex : glau (effulgence)
glau+ s[u] Ö glauù
glau+ au Ö (52) gläv+ au Ö glävau
glau+ [j]as Ö (52) gläv+ as Ö glävaù
glau :
glauù
glävau
glävaù
glävam
”
”
glävä
glaubhyäm
glaubhiù
glave
”
glaubhyaù
glävaù
”
”
”
glävoù
gläväm
glävi
glauù
”
glävau
glauñu
glävaù
Sarveçvaränta Lakñmé-liìgäù
142
AaraMaaNTal/+Maq raDaaSa&j( ))142))
ä-rämänta-lakñmé rädhä-saàjïä
ä-räma-anta—ending in ä-Räma; lakñméù (prath e)—Lakñmé-liìga, feminine gender; rädhäsaàjïä (prath e)—called Rädhä.
Lakñmé-liìga ending in ä-Räma is called Rädhä.
I) Ex: Rädhä
rädhä+ s[u] Ö (138) rädhä
143
raDaab]ø>YaaMaaE Wr ))143))
rädhä-brahmabhyäm au é
rädhä-brahmabhyäm (païc d)—after Rädhä-saàjïa and Brahma-liìga (neuter gender); au—
Viñëubhakti au; é—the replacement é.
After Rädhä-saàjïa and Brahma-liìga au is replaced by é.
I) rädhä+ au Ö (143) rädhä+ é Ö (41) rädhe
II) rädhä+ [j]as (or [ç]as) Ö (40) rädhäù
rädhä+ am Ö (94) rädhä+ m Ö rädhäm
144
raDaaYaa W $=aESaaebuRÖe c ))144))
rädhäyä e öausor buddhe ca
rädhäyäù (ñañ e)—of Rädhä; e—e-Räma; öä-osoù (sap d)—before [ö]ä and os; buddhe (sap e)—
before Buddha; ca—and.
Final ä of Rädhä changes to e before [ö]ä, os and Buddha.
I) rädhä+ [ö]ä Ö (144) rädhe+ ä Ö (51) rädhay+ ä Ö rädhayä
rädhä+ os Ö (144) rädhe+ os Ö (51) rädhay+ os Ö rädhayoù
rädhä+ Buddha Ö (144) rädhe+ s[u] Ö (109) rädhe
145
raDaaTaae YaaPv*iZ<azu ))145))
rädhäto yäp våñëiñu
rädhätaù (païc e)—after Rädhä; yäp—the particle yä[p]; våñëiñu (sap e)—before Våñëis.
Yä[p] is applied to Rädhä before Våñëis.
I) rädhä+ [ì]e Ö (145) rädhä+ yä[p]+ [ì]e Ö rädhäyä+ e Ö (45) rädhäyai
rädhä+ [ì]as[i] (or [ì]as) Ö (145) rädhä+ yä[p]+ as Ö (40) rädhäyäù
rädhä+ [ì]i Ö (145) rädha+ yä[p]+ [ì]i Ö (134) rädhäyä+ äm Ö (40) rädhäyäm
II) rädhä+ äm Ö (105) rädhä+ n[uö]. äm Ö rä Ö dhänäm
III) Rädhä:
rädhä
rädhe
rädhäù
rädhäm
rädhayä
rädhäyai
rädhäyäù
”
rädhäyäm
rädhe
”
rädhäbhyäm
”
”
rädhayoù
”
rädhe
”
rädhäbhiù
rädhäbhyaù
”
rädhänäm
rädhäsu
rädhäù
146
AMbadqNaa& GaaePYaaê vaMaNaae buÖe ))146))
ambädénäà gopyäç ca vämano buddhe
ambä-ädénäm (ñañ b)—of the word ambä, etc. (akkä, allä, appä and abbä, all meaning
‘mother’); gopyäù (ñañ e)—of Gopé-saàjïa; ca—and; vämanaù (prath e)—Vämana; buddhe
(sap e)—before Buddha.
The last letter of Gopé-saàjïa and ambä, etc., becomes Vämana before Buddha.
I) Ex: ambä
(In the case of ambä, this sütra modifies 144)
ambä+ Buddha Ö (146) amba+ s[u] Ö (109) amba
II) gopé
gopé+ Buddha Ö (146) gopi+ s[u] Ö (109) gopi
147
JaraYaa JarSva SaveRìre ))147))
jaräyä jaras vä sarveçvare
jaräyäù (ñañ e)—of the word jarä; jaras —the replacement jaras; vä—optionally; sarveçvare
(sap e)—before Sarveçvara.
Jarä is optionally replaced by jaras before Sarveçvara.
I) Ex: jarä
jarä
jaräm / jarasam
jarayä / jarasä
jaräyai / jarase
jaräyäù / jarasaù
”
”
jaräyäm / jarasi
jare
jare / jarasau
”
”
jaräbhyäm
”
”
jarayoù / jarasoù
”
”
jare / jarasau
jaräù / jarasaù
”
”
jaräbhiù
jaräbhyaù
”
jaräëäm / jarasäm
jaräsu
jaräù / jarasaù
148
hirTa AaPva v*iZ<azu l/+MYaa&, iNaTYaMa( GaaePYaa" ))148))
harita äp vä våñëiñu lakñmyäà, nityaà gopyäù
haritaù (païc e)—after Hari-saàjïa; äp (prath e)—the particle ä[p]; vä—optionally; våñëiñu
(sap b)—before Våñëis; lakñmyäm (sap e)—in Lakñmé-liìga; nityam—always; gopyäù (païc
e)—after Gopé-saàjïa.
Ä[p] is applied before the Våñëis in Hari-saàjïa Lakñmé-liìga optionally, but to Gopésaàjïa compulsorily.
I) Ex: bhakti
bhakti+ s[u] Ö bhaktiù
bhakti+ au Ö (115) bhakti+ i Ö bhakté
bhakti+ [j]as Ö (118) bhakte+ as Ö (51) bhaktay+ as Ö bhaktayaù
bhakti+ am Ö (94) bhakti+ m Ö bhaktim
bhakti+ [ç]as Ö (94) bhakti+ sx(95) bhakté+ s Ö bhaktéù
bhakti+ [ö]ä Ö bhaktyä
II) Bhakti+ Våñëis (two forms, by 148):
bhakti+ [ì]e Ö
1) (118) bhakte+ [ì]e Ö (51) bhaktaye
2) (148) bhakti+ ä[p]+ [ì]e Ö bhaktyä+ [ì]e Ö (44) bhaktyai
bhakti+ [ì]as[i] (or [ì]as) Ö
1) (118) bhakte+ as Ö (120) bhakte+ s Ö bhakteù
2) (148) bhakti+ ä[p]+ as Ö bhaktyä+ as Ö bhaktyäù
bhakti+ [ì]i Ö
1) (121) bhakti+ au[c] Ö (123) bhakt+ au Ö bhaktau
2) (148) bhakti+ ä[p]+ [ì]i Ö bhaktyä+ [ì]i Ö (134)* bhaktyä+ äm Ö bhaktyäm
*
(in this point bhaktyä is Rädhä-saàjïa, then (134) is applied)
III) bhakti+ Buddha Ö (118) bhakte+ s[u] Ö (109) bhakte
IV) Ex: dhenu (cow)
dhenu+ s[u] Ö dhenuù
dhenu+ au Ö (115) dhenu+ u Ö dhenü
dhenu+ [j]as Ö (118) dheno+ as Ö (52) dhenav+ as Ö dhenavaù
dhenu+ am Ö (94) dhenu+ m Ö dhenum
dhenu+ [ç]as Ö (95) dhenü+ [ç]as Ö (94) dhenü+ s Ö dhenüù
dhenu+ [ö]ä Ö (48) dhenvä
V) dhenu+ Våñëis (two forms, by 148):
dhenu+ [ì]e Ö
1) (118) dheno+ e Ö (52) dhenav+ e Ö dhenave
2) (148) dhenu+ ä[p]+ [ì]e Ö dhenvä+ e Ö (45) dhenvai
dhenu+ [ì]i Ö
1) (121) dhenu+ au[c] Ö (123) dhen+ au Ö dhenau
2) (148) dhenu+ ä[p]+ [ì]i Ö dhenvä+ [ì]i Ö (134) dhenvä+ äm Ö dhenväm
VI) dhenu+ Buddha Ö (118) dheno+ s[u] Ö (109) dheno
VII) bhakti
bhaktiù
bhakté
bhaktayaù
bhaktim
”
bhaktéù
bhaktyä
bhaktibhyäm
bhaktibhiù
bhaktyai/ bhaktaye
”
bhaktibhyaù
bhaktyäù/ bhakteù
”
”
”
”
bhaktyoù
bhakténäm
bhaktyäm/ bhaktau
”
bhaktiñu
bhakte
bhakté
bhaktayaù
VIII) dhenu
dhenuù
dhenü
dhenavaù
dhenum
”
dhenüù
dhenvä
dhenubhyäm
dhenubhiù
dhenvai/ dhenave
”
dhenubhyaù
dhenvoù/ dhenväù
”
”
”
”
dhenvoù
dhenünäm
dhenau/dhenväm
”
dhenuñu
dheno
dhenü
dhenavaù
149
l/+MaqSQaYaaeiñcTauraeiSTaSa*cTaSa* ivZ<au>a¢-aE ))149))
lakñmé-sthayos tri-caturos tiså-cataså viñëubhaktau
lakñmé-sthayoù (ñañ d)—when used in Lakñmé-liìga; tri-caturoù (ñañ d)—of the words tri and
catur; tiså-cataså—the replacements tiså and cataså; viñëubhaktau (sap e)—before any
Viñëubhakti.
Tri and catur in Lakñmé-liìga are replaced by tiså and cataså before any Viñëubhakti.
150
iTaz(Taóae r" SaveRìre ))150))
tiñr-catasro raù sarveçvare
tiså-catasroù (ñañ d)—of tiså and cataså; raù (prath e)—ra-Räma; sarveçvare (sap e)—before
Sarveçvara.
Before Sarveçvara, å of tiså and cataså changes to r.
I) Sütra 150 takes precedence over 95 and 135 whenever applicable, but not over 105.
II) Ex: tri (declined only in plural)
tisraù
(149) tri Ö tiså+ [j]as (or [ç]as) Ö (150) tisr+ as Ö tisraù
”
(149) tri Ö tiså+ äm Ö (105) tiså+ n[uö]+ äm Ö (106) tisånäm Ö
tisåbhiù
(110) tisåëäm
tisåbhyaù
”
tisåëäm
tisåñu
151
wROl/+MaqGaaeRPaqSa&j( ))151))
é-ü-lakñmér gopé-saàjïä
é-ü-lakñméù (prath e)—Lakñmé-liìga ending in é or ü-Räma; gopé-saàjïa (prath e)—called
Gopé.
Feminine words ending in é or ü is called Gopé.
I) Ex: gopé
gopé+ s[u] Ö (138) gopé
gopé+ [j]as Ö (47) gopyaù
gopé+ am Ö (94) gopé+ m Ö gopém
gopé+ [ç]as Ö (94) gopé+ s Ö gopéù
gopé+ [ì]e Ö (148) gopé+ ä[p]+ [ì]e Ö gopyä+ e Ö (45) gopyai
gopé+ [ì]as[i] (or [ì]as) Ö (148) gopé+ ä[p]+ as Ö gopyä+ as Ö gopyäù
gopé+ [ì]i Ö (148) gopé+ ä[p]+ [ì]i Ö gopyä+ [ì]i Ö (134) gopyä+ äm Ö gopyäm
gopé+ Buddha Ö (146) gopi+ s[u] Ö (109) gopi
II) Ex: vadhü
vadhü+ s[u] Ö vadhüù
vadhü+ [j]as Ö (48) vadhvaù
vadhü+ am Ö (94) vadhüm
vadhü+ [ç]as Ö (94) vadhüù
vadhü+ [ì]e Ö (148) vadhü+ ä[p]+ e Ö vadhvä+ e Ö (45) vadhvai
vadhü+ [ì]as[i] (or [ì]as) Ö (148) vadhü+ ä[p]+ as Ö vadhvä+ as Ö vadhväù
vadhü+ [ì]i Ö (148) vadhü+ ä[p]+ [ì]i Ö vadhvä+ [ì]i Ö (134) vadhvä+ äm Ö vadhväm
vadhü+ Buddha Ö (146) vadhu+ s[u] Ö (109) vadhu
III) gopé
gopé
gopyau
gopyaù
gopém
”
gopéù
gopyä
gopébhyäm
gopébhiù
gopyai
gopyäù
gopyäù
gopyäm
gopi
”
”
gopyoù
”
gopyau
gopébhyaù
”
gopénäm
gopéñu
gopyaù
vadhüù
vadhüm
vadhvä
vadhvai
vadhväù
”
vadhväm
vadhu
vadhvau
”
vadhübhyäm
”
”
vadhvoù
”
vadhvau
vadhvaù
”
vadhübhiù
vadhübhyaù
”
vadhünäm
vadhüñu
vadhvaù
IV) vadhü
V) From Båhat 220 våtti:
After the following seven words—avé, tantré, taré, lakñmé, hré, dhé and çré —s[u] is not dropped
(i.e. 138 is not applied).
152
ñq>a]uvaeirYauvaE SaveRìre, iñYaa AMXaSaaevaR ))152))
stré-bhruvor iy-uvau sarveçvare, striyä am-çasor vä
stré-bhruvoù (ñañ d)—of stré and bhrü; iy-uvau (prath d)—the syllables iy and uv; sarveçvare
(sap e)—before Sarveçvara; striyäù (ñañ e)—of stré; am-çasoù (sap d)—before am and [ç]as;
vä—optional.
Before Sarveçvara, é and ü of stré and bhrü are changed to iy and uv; but for stré this change is
optional before am and [ç]as.
I) Ex: stré
stré+ s[u] Ö (138) stré
stré+ au Ö (152) striy+ au Ö striyau
stré+ [j]as Ö (152) striy+ as Ö striyaù
stré+ am Ö (two forms, by (152)):
1) (152) striy+ am Ö striyam
2) (94) stré+ m Ö strém
stré+ [ç]as Ö (two forms, by (152)):
1) (152) striy+ as Ö striyaù
2) (94) stré+ s Ö stréù
II) Ex: bhrü
bhrü+ s[u] Ö bhrüù
bhrü+ au Ö (152) bhruv+ au Ö bhruvau
bhrü+ [j]as Ö (152) bhruv+ as Ö bhruvaù
bhrü+ am Ö (152) bhruv+ am Ö bhruvam
153
NaeYauVSQaaNa& GaaePaq, iñYaiMvNaa, v*iZ<aZvaiMa c va ))153))
ney-uv sthänaà gopé, striyaà vinä, våñëiñv ämi ca vä
na—not; iy-uv—the syllables iy and uv; sthänam (prath e)—place; gopé (prath e)—Gopésaàjïa; striyam (dvit e)—the word stré; vinä—except; våñëiñu (sap b)—before the Våñëis; ämi
(sap e)—before äm; ca—and; vä—optional.
By definition the words ending in iy or uv are not Gopé-saàjïa, but stré, even after the
replacement iy, still follow all the rules of Gopé-saàjïa; and any other word will follow these
rules optionally before Våñëis and äm.
I) stré+ [ì]e Ö (152) striy+ e Ö (153,148) striy+ ä[p]+ e Ö striyä+ e Ö (45) striyai
stré+ [ì]as[i] (or[ì]as) Ö (152) striy+ as Ö (153,149) striy+ ä[p]+ as Ö striyä+ as Ö striyäù
stré+ [ì]i Ö (152,153,148) striy+ ä[p]+ [ì]i Ö striyä+ [ì]i Ö (134) striyä+ äm Ö striyäm
stré+ Buddha Ö (146) stri+ s[u] Ö (109) stri
II) stré
stré
striyau
striyaù
striyam / strém
”
striyaù / stréù
striyä
strébhyäm
strébhiù
striyai
”
strébhyaù
striyäù
”
”
”
striyoù
stréëäm
striyäm
”
stréñu
stri
striyau
striyaù
III) bhrü+ [ì]e Ö (two forms, by 153):
1) (152,153,148) bhruv+ ä[p]+ e Ö bhruvä+ e Ö bhruvai
2) (152,153) bhruv+ e Ö bhruve
bhrü+ [ì]as[i] (or [ì]as) Ö (two forms, by 153):
1) (152,153,148) bhruv+ ä[p]+ as Ö bhruvä+ as Ö bhruväù
2) (152,153) bhruv+ as Ö bhruvaù
bhrü+ [ì]i Ö (two forms, by 153):
1) (152,153,148) bhruv+ ä[p]+ [ì]i Ö (134) bhruvä+ äm Ö bhruväm
2) (152,153) bhruv+ i Ö bhruvi
bhrü+ äm Ö (two forms, by 153):
1) (152,153) bhruv+ äm Ö bhruväm
2) (105) bhrü+ n[uö]. äm Ö (110) bhrüëäm
bhrü+ Buddha Ö (146) bhru+ s[u] Ö bhru
IV) bhrü
bhrüù
bhruvau
bhruvaù
bhruvam
”
”
bhruvä
bhrübhyäm
bhrübhiù
bhruvai / bhruve
”
bhrübhyaù
bhruväù / bhruvaù
”
”
”
”
bhruvoù
bhruväm / bhrüëäm
bhruväm / bhruvi
”
bhrüñu
bhruù
bhruvau
bhruvaù
V) Ex: çré
çré+ s[u] Ö (7) çréù
çré+ au Ö (133) çriy+ au Ö çriyau
çré+ [ì]e Ö (133) çriy+ e Ö (two forms, by 153):
1) (153,148) çriy+ ä[p]+ e Ö çriyä+ e Ö çriyai
2) (153) çriy+ e Ö çriye
VI) çré
çréù
çriyau
çriyam
”
çriyä
çrébhyäm
çriyai / çriye
”
çriyaù
”
çrébhiù
çrébhyaù
çriyäù / çriyaù
”
”
çriyäm / çriyi
çréù
”
çriyoù
”
çriyau
”
çriyäm / çréëäm
çréñu
çriyaù
Sarveçvaränta Brahma-liìgäù
154
b]øk*-Z<aaTSaaerMa( ))154))
brahma-kåñëät sor am
brahma—Brahma-liìga, or neuter gender; kåñëät (païc e)—after Kåñëa-saàjïa;
soù (ñañ e)—of s[u]; am—Viñëubhakti am.
After Kåñëa-saàjïa Brahma-liìga, s[u] is replaced by am.
I) Ex: gokula
gokula+ s[u] Ö (154) gokula+ am Ö (94) gokula+ m Ö gokulam
gokula+ au Ö (143) gokula+ é Ö gokule
155
b]øTaae JaSXaSaae" iXa" ))155))
brahmato jas-çasoù çiù
brahmataù (païc e)—after Brahma-liìga; jas-çasoù (ñañ d)—of [j]as and [ç]as;
çiù (prath e)—[ç]i.
In Brahma-liìga, [j]as and [ç]as are replaced by [ç]i.
156
SaveRìrvEZ<avaNTaYaaeNauRMXaaE ))156))
sarveçvara-vaiñëaväntayor num çau
sarveçvara-vaiñëava-antayoù (ñañ d)—after words ending in Sarveçvara or Vaiñëava; num—the
particle n[um]; çau (sap e)—before [ç]i.
Before [ç]i, n[um] is applied to Brahma-liìga ending in Sarveçvara or Vaiñëava.
157
ANTYaSaveRìraTPar& iMaTa" SQaaNaMa( ))157))
antya-sarveçvarät paraà mitaù sthänam
antya-sarveçvarät (païc e)—after the last Sarveçvara; param—beyond; mitaù (ñañ e)—of ‘mit’
(any suffix in which m is ‘it’); sthänam (prath e)—place.
Mit suffixes are applied after the last Sarveçvara.
158
ANTYaaTPaUvRv<aR oÖvSa&j(" ))158))
antyät pürva-varëa uddhava-saàjïaù
antyät (païc e)—from the ÿast; pürva-varëaù (prath e)—the previous letter; uddhava-saàjïaù
(prath e)—called Uddhava.
The letter next to the last is called Uddhava.
159
Ab]øaPaa<@va" iXaê k*-Z<a SQaaNaSa&j(" ))159))
a-brahma-päëòaväù çiç ca kåñëa-sthäna-saàjïäù
a-brahma—not Brahma-liìga; päëòaväù (prath b)—the Päëòavas; çiù (prath e)—Viñëubhakti
[ç]i; ca—and; kåñëa-sthäna-saàjïäù (prath b)—called Kåñëa-sthäna.
Any Päëòava not used in Brahma-liìga, and [ç]i are called Kåñëa-sthäna.
I) The Kåñëa-sthäna Viñëubhaktis: s[u], au, [j]as, am and [ç]i.
This definition excludes am (in prath e, 154) and é (143).
160
NaaNTaDaaTauviJaRTaSaaNTaSaTSa® MahdPaaMauÖvSYa i}aV§-Ma"
k*-Z<aSQaaNae, buÖiMvNaa ))160))
nänta-dhätu-varjita-sänta-sat-saìga-mahad-apäm uddhavasya trivkramaù
kåñëa-sthäne, buddham vinä
na-anta—ending in na-Räma; dhätu-varjita-sänta-sat-saìga—exluding the dhätus (verbal roots)
and any word ending in sat-saìga in which the last Viñëujana is sa-Räma; mahat-apäm (ñañ
b)—and of the words mahat and ap; uddhavasya (ñañ e)—of Uddhava; trivikramaù (prath e)—
Trivikrama; kåñëa-sthäne (sap e)—before Kåñëa-sthäna; buddham (dvit e)—Buddha; vinä—
except.
In words ending in n, or in sat-saìga ending in s (except the dhätus), and in the words mahat
and ap, Uddhava becomes Trivikrama before Kåñëa-sthäna, but not before Buddha.
I) gokula+ [j]as Ö (155) gokula+ [ç]i Ö (156) gokula. n[um]+ [ç]i Ö gokulani+ [ç]i Ö (160)
gokulän+ i Ö gokuläni
i
(Whenever mit suffix is used, it is considered part of the prakåti).
II) In Brahma-liìga, dvitéyä is equal to prathamä, and from tåtéyä onwards, the declination is
like Puruñottama-liìga.
IV) gokula+ Buddha Ö (109) gokula
V) Kåñëa-saàjïa Brahma-liìga:
gokula:
gokulam
gokule
gokuläni
”
”
”
gokulena
gokuläbhyäm
gokulaiù
gokuläya
”
gokulebhyaù
gokulät
”
”
gokulasya
gokulayoù
gokulänäm
gokule
”
gokuleñu
gokula
gokule
gokuläni
161
ôdYaSYa ôÛduzu va, SaqzRSYa iXazRNa( va ))161))
hådayasya håd yaduñu vä, sérñasya çérñan vä
hådayasya (ñañ e)—of the word hådaya; håd—the word håd; yaduñu (sap b)—before Yadus;
vä—optionally; çérñasya (ñañ e)—of the word çérña (head); sérñan—the word çérñan; vä—
optionally.
Before Yadus, hådaya can be changed to håd, and çérña to çérñan.
I) Ex: hådaya
hådaya+ s[u] Ö (154) hådaya+ am Ö (94) hådaya+ m Ö hådayam
hådaya+ au Ö (143) hådaya+ é Ö hådaye
hådaya+ [j]as Ö (155) hådaya+ [ç]i Ö (156,157) hådaya. n[um]+ [ç]i Ö hådayan+ [ç]i Ö (160)
hådayän+ i Ö hådayäni
hådaya+ [ç]as Ö (two forms, by 161):
1) (same as [j]as): hådayäni
2) (161) håd+ [ç]as Ö (155) håd+ [ç]i Ö (156,157) hå. n[um]. d+ [ç]i Ö hånd+ i Ö håndi
II) From [ö]ä onwards, hådaya follows Kåñëa, and håd follows suhåd (see 93 II).
III) hådaya
hådayam
hådaye
hådayäni
”
”
hådayäni / håndi
hådayena / hådä
hådayäbhyäm / hådbhyäm
hådayaiù / hådbhiù
hådayäya / håde
”
”
hådayebhyaù / hådbhyaù
hådayät / hådaù
”
”
”
”
hådayasya / hådaù
hådayoù / hådoù
hådayänäm / hådäm
hådaye / hådi
”
”
hådayeñu / håtsu
hådaya
hådaye
hådayäni
162
AivZ<auPadaNTaSYa NaSYa MaSYa c ivZ<auc§-MvEZ<ave ))162))
aviñëupadäntasya nasya masya ca viñëucakraà vaiñëave
a-viñëupada-antasya (ñañ e)—not at the end of Viñëupada, or in other words, within the word;
nasya (ñañ e)—of na-Räma; masya (ñañ e)—of ma-Räma; ca—and; viñëucakram (prath e)—
Viñëucakra; vaiñëave (sap e)—before Vaiñëava.
Within the Viñëupada, n and m change to Viñëucakra before Vaiñëava.
I) Ex: räkñas (demon)
räkñas+ [j]as Ö (155) räkñas+ [ç]i Ö (156,157) rakña. n[um]. s+ [ç]i Ö rakña. n. s+ [ç]i Ö (160)
rakñä. n. s+ i Ö (162) rakñäàsi
163
b]øTa" SvMaaeMaRhahr" ))163))
brahmataù sv-amor mahä-haraù
brahmataù (païc e)—after Brahma-liìga; su-amoù (ñañ d)—of s[u] and am; mahä-haraù (prath
e)—Mahä-Hara.
S[u] and am are Mahä-Hara after Brahma-liìga (other than Kåñëa-saàjïa).
I) For Kåñëa-saàjïa Brahma-liìga, see (154).
II) Ex: väri (water)
väri+ s[u] Ö (163) väri
väri+ am Ö (163) väri
III) Ex: vastu (real thing)
vastu+ s[u] (or am) Ö (163) vastu
IV) Ex: guëa-bhoktå (master of the guëas)
guëa-bhoktå+ s[u] (or am) Ö (163) guëa-bhoktå
164
b]øeXaaNTaaNa( Nauk( SaveRìre Na Tv( AaiMa ))164))
brahmeçäntän nuk sarveçvare na tv ämi
brahma-éça-antät (païc e)—after Brahma-liìga ending in Éça; nuk—the particle n[uk];
sarveçvare (sap e)—before Viñëubhakti beginning with Sarveçvara; na—not; tu—but; ämi (sap
e)—before Viñëubhakti äm.
After Brahma-liìga ending in Éça, n[uk] is inserted before Viñëubhaktis beginning with
Sarveçvara, excepting äm.
I) väri+ au Ö (143) väri+ é Ö (164) väri. n[uk]+ é Ö väriné Ö (110) väriëé
väri+ [j]as Ö (155) väri+ [ç]i Ö (164) väri. n[uk]+ [ç]i Ö (160) värén+ i Ö (110) väréëi
väri+ [ö]ä Ö (164) väri. n[uk]+ ä Ö (110) väriëä
Similarly : väriëe, väriëaù, väriëi
II) väri+ äm Ö (164,105) väri+ n[uö]. äm Ö väri+ näm Ö (110) väriëäm
III) vastu+ au Ö (143) vastu+ é Ö (164) vastu. n[uk]+ é Ö vastuné
guëa-bhoktå+ au Ö (same) guëa-bhotåné Ö (110) guëa-bhoktåëé
165
diDaAiSQaSaiKQaAi+aXaBdaNaaiMa raMaSYa ANa( $=aidSaveRìre ))165))
dadhi-asthi-sakthi-akñi-çabdänäm i-rämasya an öädi-sarveçvare
dadhi-asthi-sakthi-akñi-çabdänäm (ñañ b)—of the words dadhi (yoghurt), asthi (bone), sakthi
(thigh) and akñi (eye); i-rämasya (ñañ e)—of i-Räma; an (prath e)—the syllable an; öä-ädi—
from [ö]ä onwards; sarveçvare (sap e)—before Viñëubhakti beginning with Sarveçvara.
From [ö]ä onwards, i of dadhi, asthi, sakthi, akñi changes to an before Sarveçvara.
I) Ex: dadhi
dadhi+ s[u] Ö (163) dadhi
dadhi+ au Ö (143) dadhi+ é Ö (164) dadhi. n[uk]+ é Ö dadhiné
dadhi+ [j]as Ö (155) dadhi+ [ç]i Ö (164) dadhi. n[uk]+ [ç]i Ö (160) dadhén+ [ç]i Ö dadhéni
dadhi+ [ö]ä Ö (165) dadhan+ [ö]ä Ö (cont. sütra 167)
166
Ak*-Z<a SQaaNa SaveRìrae >aGavTa( Sa&j(", TaiÖTae Yaê ))166))
a-kåñëa-sthäna sarveçvaro bhagavat-saàjïaù, taddhite yaç ca
a-kåñëa-sthäna—not Kåñëa-sthäna; sarveçvaraù (prath e)—Sarveçvara; bhagavat-saàjïaù
(prath e)—called Bhagavat; taddhite (sap e)—in the group of the taddhita pratyayas (chap.
VII); yaù (prath e)—ya-Räma; ca—also.
Excluding Kåñëa-sthäna, the svädis beginning with Sarveçvara and the taddhitas beginning
with y are called Bhagavat.
I) The Viñëubhakti é (143) is also Bhagavat.
II) The Bhagavat-Viñëubhaktis:
(é)
(é)
[ö]ä
[ì]e
[ì]as[i]
[ì]as
[ì]i
os
os
[ç]as
äm
167
vMaSaTSa®hqNaSYaaNaae_raMahrae >aGaviTa, Na Tau Yae, wR&YaaeSTau va ))167))
va-ma-sat-saìga-hénasyäno 'räma-haro bhagavati,
na tu ye, é-ìyos tu vä
va-ma—of va-Räma and ma-Räma; sat-saìga-hénasya (ñañ e)—of a word without sat-saìga;
anaù (ñañ e)—of the ending an; a-räma-haraù (prath e)—the elision of a-Räma; bhagavati (sap
e)—before Bhagavat-Viñëubhakti; na—not; tu—but; ye (sap e)—before y of taddhita; é-ìyoù
(ñañ d)—of Viñëubhakti é (143) and [ì]i; tu—but; vä—optionally.
Words ending in an, not preceded by v or m in sat-saìga, drop a before any Bhagavat. Before
é and [ì]i this rule is optional, and before taddhita y it is not applied.
I) dadhi+ [ö]ä Ö (165) dadhan+ [ö]ä Ö (167) dadhn+ ä Ö dadhnä
dadhi+ [ì]e Ö (165) dadhan+ [ì]e Ö (167) dadhn+ e Ö dadhne
Similarly: dadhnaù, dadhnoù, dadhnäm
II) dadhi+ [ì]i Ö (165) dadhan+ [ì]i Ö (two forms, by 167):
1) (167) dadhn+ i Ö dadhni
2) dadhan+ i Ö dadhani
III)This sütra is normally applied to words ending in an, like näman, preman (Ex: nämne gaura
tviñe namaù)
But it is not applied to words having m- or va-Räma in sat-saìga, like karman, ätman,
brahman, yajvan, etc.
168
b]ø<aae GaaeivNdae va buÖe ))168))
brahmaëo govindo vä buddhe
brahmaëaù (ñañ e)—of Brahma-liìga; govindaù (prath e)—Govinda; vä—optional; buddhe
(sap e)—before Buddha.
Brahma-liìga optionally takes Govinda before Buddha.
I) väri+ Buddha Ö (two forms by 168):
a) (109 or 163) väri
b) (168) väre+ s[u] Ö (109 or 163) väre
Similarly: vastu+ Buddha Ö a) vastu, b) vasto
guëa-bhoktå+ Buddha Ö a) guëa-boktå, b) guëa-bhoktar Ö (93) guëa-bhoktaù
dadhi+ Buddha Ö 1) dadhi, 2) dadhe
II) väri
väri
”
väriëä
väriëe
väriëaù
”
väriëi
väri/väre
väriëé
”
väribhyäm
”
”
väriëoù
”
väriëé
guëa-bhoktå
guëa-bhoktå
”
”
guëa-bhoktåëä
guëa-bhoktåëe
guëa-bhoktåëaù
”
”
guëa-bhoktåëi
guëa-bhoktå /
guëa-bhoktaù
väréëi
”
väribhiù
väribhyaù
”
väréëäm
väriñu
väréëi
guëa-bhoktåëé
”
”
guëa-bhoktåbhyäm
”
”
”
”
guëa-bhoktåëoù
”
”
guëa-bhoktåëé
vastu
vastu
”
vastunä
vastune
vastunaù
”
vastuni
vastu/vasto
vastuné
”
vastubhyäm
”
”
vastunoù
”
vastuné
guëa-bhoktèëi
”
”
guëa-bhoktåbhiù
guëa-bhoktåbhyaù
”
”
guëa-bhoktèëäm
guëa-bhoktåñu
guëa-bhoktèëi
vastüni
”
vastubhiù
vastubhyaù
”
vastünäm
vastuñu
vastüni
III) dadhi
dadhi
”
dadhnä
dadhne
dadhnaù
”
dadhani / dadhni
dadhi / dadhe
dadhiné
”
dadhibhyäm
”
”
dadhnoù
”
dadhiné
dadhéni
”
dadhibhiù
dadhibhyaù
”
dadhnäm
dadhiñu
dadhéni
169
b]øaNTai}aiv§-MaSYa vaMaNa" ))169))
brahmänta-trivikramasya vämanaù
brahma-anta—at the end of Brahma-liìga; trivikramasya (ñañ e)—of Trivikrama; vämanaù
(prath e)—Vämana
At the end of Brahma-liìga, Trivikrama becomes Vämana.
I) Ex: viçvané
When viçvané is used in neuter sense it changes to viçvani (169): viçvani, viçvaniné, viçvanéni,
viçvaninä, etc.
170
WWe SQaaNae wraMa", AaeAaE SQaaNae o raMaae vaMaNa" SYaaTa( ))170))
e-ai sthäne i-rämaù, o-au sthäne u-rämo vämanaù syät
e-ai-sthäne (sap e)—in place of e and ai-Räma; i-rämaù (prath e)—i-Räma; o-au-sthäne (sap
e)—in place of o and au-Räma; u-rämaù (prath e)—u-Räma; vämanaù (prath e)—Vämana;
syät—would be.
For e and ai the Vämana is i, and for o or au, u.
I) This sütra is related with the previous one (169).
Ex: kåñëarai
In Brahma-liìga, kåñëarai is declined as kåñnari (170).
Viñëujanänta Puruñottama-Liìgäù
I) Ex: marut
marutau
marutaù
marut1
marutam
”
”
marutä
marudbhyäm²
marudbhiù
marute
”
marudbhyaù
marutaù
”
”
”
marutoù
marutäm
maruti
”
marutsu
marut
marutau
marutaù
1
marut+ s[u] Ö (138) marut
2
marut+ bhyäm Ö (61) marudbhyäm
II) All the rules for Viñëujanäntas applied to Puruñottama-liìga are also applied to Lakñméand Brahma-liìga.
171
AcêTau>auRJaaNaubNDaaNaaÄ Nau& k*-Z<aSQaaNae ))171))
acaç caturbhujänubandhänäï ca num kåñëa-sthäne
acaù (ñañ e)—of the word ac (going); caturbhuja—Caturbhuja; anubandhänäm (ñañ b)—of any
anubandha; ca—also; num—the particle n[um] (mit-Viñëubhakti, 157); kåñëa-sthäne (sap e)—
before Kåñëa-sthäna.
Before Kåñëa-sthäna, n[um] is applied to words ending with ac or with Caturbhuja
anubandha.
I) Examples of compound nämas with ac : pratyac (backward, western), nyac (downward),
tiryac (horizontal), udac (upward), viñvac (pervading), präc (eastern), aväc (southern), etc.
II) Examples of Caturbhuja anubandha nämas :
bhagavat[u] (the Supreme Personality of Godhead), mahat[u] (great), hanumat[u]
(Hanumän), dhémat[u] (learned), etc. .
172
TavGaRSYa cvGaRêvGaRYaaeGae ))172))
ta-vargasya ca-vargaç ca-varga-yoge
ta-vargasya (ñañ e)—of any letter of ta-varga; ca-vargaù (prath e)—ca-varga; ca-varga-yoge (sap
e)—in contact with ca-varga.
In contact with ca-varga, ta-varga changes to ca-varga.
173
SaTSa®aNTaSYa hrae ivZ<auPadaNTae ))173))
sat-saìgäntasya haro viñëupadänte
sat-saìga-antasya (ñañ e)—of the last Viñëujana of sat-saìga; haraù (prath e)—Hara, elision;
viñëupada-ante (sap e)—at the end of Viñëupada.
The last letter of a sat-saìga is Hara at Viñëupadänta.
173a
ATvSaNTaae oÖvSYa i}aiv§-Ma" buÖviJaRTaSaaE DaaTau& ivNaa
atv-as-anto uddhavasya trivikramaù buddha-varjita-sau
dhätuà vinä 1
atu-as-antaù (prath e)—ending in at[u] or as; uddhavasya (ñañ e)—of the Uddhava; trivikramaù
(prath e)—Trivikrama; buddha-varjita—except Buddha; sau (sap e)—before s[u]; dhätum (dvit
e)—a dhätu; vinä—except.
In words ending in at[u] or as, except dhätus, Uddhava becomes Trivikrama in prathamä
ekavacanam.
I) Ex: bhagavat[u]
bhagavat+ s[u] Ö (173a) bhagavät+ s[u] Ö (138)bhagavät Ö (171,157) bhagavä. n[um]. t Ö
bhagavänt Ö (173) bhagavän
bhagavat+ au Ö (171,157) bhagavant+ au Ö bhagavantau
Similarly: bhagavantaù, bhagavantam
bhagavat+ [j]as Ö bhagavataù
Similarly: bhagavatä, bhagavate, etc. .
1
Båhat 111
bhagavat+ bhyäm Ö (61) bhagavadbhyäm
bhagavat+ Buddha Ö (171,157) bhagavant+ s[u] Ö (138) bhagavant Ö
(173) bhagavan
bhagavän
bhagavantau
bhagavantaù
bhagavantam
”
bhagavataù
bhagavatä
bhagavadbhyäm
bhagavadbhiù
bhagavate
”
bhagavadbhyaù
bhagavataù
”
”
”
bhagavatoù
bhagavatäm
bhagavati
”
bhagavatsu
bhagavan
bhagavantau
bhagavantaù
II) Ex: mahat[u] (m,f)
mahat+ s[u] Ö (173a or 160) mahät+ s[u] Ö (171,157) mahä. n[um]. t+ s[u] Ö (138) mahänt Ö
(173) mahän
mahat+ au Ö (160) mahät+ au Ö (171,157) mahänt+ au Ö mahäntau
Similarly: mahäntaù, mahäntam
The other cases follow the same pattern as bhagavat.
mahän
mahäntau
Mahäntaù
mahäntam
”
Mahataù
mahatä
mahadbhyäm
Mahadbhiù
mahate
”
Mahadbhyaù
mahataù
”
”
”
mahatoù
Mahatma
mahati
”
Mahatsu
mahan
mahäntau
Mahäntaù
III) Ex: candramas (moon)
candramas+ s[u] Ö (173a) candramäs+ s[u] Ö (138) candramäs Ö candramäù
candramas+ au Ö candramasau
candramas+ bhyäm Ö (93) candramaùi+ bhyäm Ö (82) candramo+ bhyäm Ö candramobhyäm
i
(see 175a)
candramas+ Buddha Ö (138) candramaù
candramäù
candramasau
candramasaù
candramasam
”
”
candramasä
candramobhyäm
candramobhiù
candramase
”
candramobhyaù
candramasaù
”
”
”
candramasoù
candramasäm
candramasi
”
candramaùsu
candramaù
candramasau
candramasaù
174
cvGaRSYa k-vGaaeR ivZ<auPadaNTae, vEZ<ave TvSavGaeR ))174))
ca-vargasya ka-vargo viñëupadänte, vaiñëave tv a-sa-varge
ca-vargasya (ñañ e)—of ca-varga; ka-vargaù (prath e)—ka-varga; viñëupada-ante (sap e)—at
the end of Viñëupada; vaiñëave (sap e)—before Vaiñëava; tu—but; a-sa-varge (sap e)—not of
the same varga.
Ca-varga changes to ka-varga at Viñëupadänta, or before a Vaiñëava of a different varga.
I) Ex: pratyac (backward, western)
pratyac+ s[u] Ö (171,157) pratya. n[um]. c+ s[u] Ö (138) pratyanc Ö (172) pratyaïc Ö (173)
pratyaï Ö (174) pratyaì
pratyac+ au Ö (171,157) pratyanc+ au Ö (172) pratyaïcau
Similarly : pratyaïcaù, pratyaïcam
175
Acae_raMahrae >aGaviTa, PaUvRSYa i}aiv§-Ma" ))175))
aco 'räma-haro bhagavati, pürvasya trivikramaù
acaù (ñañ e)—of the word ac; a-räma-haraù (prath e)—the elision of a-Räma; bhagavati (sap
e)—before Bhagavat Viñëubhakti; pürvasya (ñañ e)—of the preceding letter; trivikramaù (prath
e)—Trivikrama.
The a of ac is Hara before Bhagavat, and the preceding letter becomes Trivikrama.
I) pratyac+ [ç]as Ö (175) pratici+ as Ö (175) pratécas Ö pratécaù
i
(When a-Räma is dropped, sandhi is dissolved.)
Similarly : pratécä, pratéce, pratéci, etc. .
175a 1
PaUvRSYa ivZ<auPadvtv& Svaid TaiÖTaYaaerYaSaveRìraÛae"
pürvasya viñëupadavattvam svädi-taddhitayor
a-ya-sarveçvarädyoù
pürvasya (ñañ e)—of Prakåti, the first part of a word; viñëupadavattvam (prath e)—the
treatment as if it were Viñëupada; svädi-taddhitayoù (sap d)—before the svädis and taddhitas;
a-ya-sarveçvara-ädyoù (sap d)—not beginning with ya-Räma or Sarveçvara (i.e. beginning with
Viñëujana except ya-Räma).
Prakåti is treated as Viñëupada before svädis beginning with Viñëujana; or before taddhitas
not beginning with ya-Räma or Sarveçvara.
I) pratyac+ bhyäm Ö (175a, 61) pratyaj+ bhyäm Ö (174) pratyagbhyäm
pratyac+ su[p] Ö (175a,174) pratyaksu Ö (107) pratyakñu
176
iTaYaRciSTariêådc odqic>aRGaviTa ))176))
tiryacas tiraçcir udaca udécir bhagavati
tiryacaù (ñañ e)—of the word tiryac (animal, litgoing horizontally); tiraçciù (prath e)—the word
tiraçc[i]; udacaù (ñañ e)—of the word udac; udéciù—the word udéc[i]; bhagavati (sap e)—
before a Bhagavat pratyayas.
Before Bhagavat, tiryac is replaced by tiraçc, and udac by udéc.
I) Ex: tiryac
tiryac+ [ç]as Ö (176) tiraçc+ as Ö tiraçcaù
Similarly : tiraçcä, tiraçce, etc. .
II) pratyac
pratyaì
pratyaïcau
pratyaïcam
”
pratécä
pratyagbhyäm
1
Båhat 100
pratyaïcaù
pratécaù
pratyagbhiù
Tiryac
tiryaì
tiryaïcam
tiraçcä
tiryaïcau
”
tiryagbhyäm
tiryaïcaù
tiraçcaù
tiryagbhiù
pratéce
pratécaù
”
pratéci
pratyaì
”
”
pratécoù
”
pratyaïcau
pratyagbhyaù
”
pratécäm
pratyakñu
pratyaïcaù
tiraçce
tiraçcaù
”
tiraçci
tiryaì
”
”
tiraçcoù
”
tiryaïcau
tiryagbhyaù
”
tiraçcäm
tiryakñu
tiryaïcaù
177
^Xaae raJYaJ>a]aJPairv]aJSa*JMa*Ja( >a]SJv]ê& c zae,
ivZ<auPadaNTae, vEZ<ave c ))177))
cha-ço räj-yaj-bhräj-parivräj-såj-måj-bhrasj-vraçcäà ca ño, viñëupadänte,
vaiñëave ca
cha-çoù (ñañ d)—of cha- and ça-Räma; räj-yaj-bhräj-parivräj-såj-måj-bhrasj-vraçcäm (ñañ b)—of
the words räj (shining, king), yaj (offering, sacrifice), bhräj (shining, luster), parivräj
(wandering, mendicant), såj (creating, creation), måj (cleaning, purification), bhrasj (frying),
and vraçc (piercing, cut); ca—also; ñaù (prath e)—ña-Räma; viñëupada-ante (sap e)—at the end
of Viñëupada; vaiñëave (sap e)—before a Vaiñëava; ca—and.
Ch and ç, and the last letter of räj, yaj, bhräj, parivräj, såj, måj, bhrasj, vraçc change to ñ at
Viñëupadänta or before Vaiñëava.
I) The examples are given under 180.
178
Sk-ae"SaTSa®aÛaehRrae ivZ<auPadaNTae vEZ<ave c ))178))
skoù-sat-saìgädyor haro viñëupadänte vaiñëave ca
skoù (ñañ e)—of sa- or ka-Räma; sat-saìga-ädyoù (ñañ d)—when they are in the beginning of
sat-saìga; haraù (prath e)—Hara, elision; viñëupada-ante (sap e)—at the end of Viñëupada;
vaiñëave (sap e)—before a Vaiñëava; ca—and.
At Viñëupadänta or before Vaiñëava, the initial s or k of sat-saìga is Hara.
I) Ex: bhåsj (from the word bhrasj)
bhåsj+ s[u] Ö (177) bhåsñ+ s[u] Ö (138) bhåsñ Ö (178) bhåñ Ö ...(cont. 180 IIc)
179
zSYa @ae ivZ<auPadaNTae hirgaaeze c ))179))
ñasya òo viñëupadänte harighoñe ca
ñasya (ñañ e)—of ña-Räma; òaù (prath e)—òa-Räma; viñëupada-ante (sap e)—at the end of
Viñëupada; harighoñe (sap e)—before Harighoña; ca—and.
Ñ changes to ò at Viñëupadänta or before Harighoña.
I) Ex: räj
räj+ s[u] Ö (177) räñ+ s[u] Ö (138) räñ Ö (179) räò Ö ...(cont. next sütra)
180
ivZ<audaSaSYa hirk-Mal&/ va ivraMae ))180))
viñëudäsasya harikamalaà vä viräme
viñëudäsasya (ñañ e)—of Viñëudäsa; harikamalam (prath e)—Harikamala; vä—optional;
viräme (sap e)—before viräma (see 1 Ib).
Viñëudäsa optionally changes to Harikamala before viräma.
I) Words ending in ch and ç:
a)Ex: sarvapräcch (inquisitive about everything)
sarvapräcch+ s[u] Ö (138) sarvapräcchi Ö (177) sarvapräñ Ö (179)sarvapräò Ö
(180) sarvapräö / ò
i
(The reduplication of cha-Räma is explained by sütra 72)
sarvapräcch+ au Ö sarvapräcchau
sarvapräcch+ bhyäm Ö (177) sarvapräñ+ bhyäm Ö (179) sarvapräòbhyäm
sarvapräcch+ su[p] Ö (177,179) sarvapräò+ su Ö (63) sarvapräösu
b) Ex: kåñëapraç (enquire about Kåñëa)
kåñëapraç+ s[u] Ö (138) kåñëapraç Ö (177) kåñëaprañ Ö (179) kåñëapraò Ö
(180) kåñëapraö / ò
kåñëapraç+ au Ö kåñëapraçau
kåñëapraç+ bhyäm Ö (177,179) kåñëapraòbhyäm
kåñëapraç+ su[p] Ö (177,179,63) kåñëapraösu
II) Worlds listed on sütra 177:
a) (cont. previous sütra) ... räò Ö (180) räö / ò
räj+ bhyäm Ö (177,179) räòbhyäm
räj+ su[p] Ö (177,179,63) räösu or (75) räötsu
räö / ò
räjau
Räjaù
räjam
”
”
räjä
räòbhyäm
Räòbhiù
räje
”
Räòbhyaù
räjaù
”
”
”
räjoù
Räjäm
räji
”
räösu / räötsu
räö / ò
räjau
Räjaù
Similarly: viçvaräj (king of the universe), svaräj (fully independent—SB 1.1.1), saàräj
(emperor)
b) Other words:
vibräj (shining)+ s[u] Ö vibräö / ò
parivräj (renunciant)+ s[u] Ö parivräö / ò
viçvasåj (creator of the universe)+ s[u] Ö viçvasåö / ò
parimåj (cleaning)+ s[u] Ö parimåö / ò
c) (cont. from sütra 178)
...Ö (178)bhåñ Ö (179) bhåò Ö (180) bhåö / ò
[bhåsj+ au Ö (sütra 334 from dhätu section) bhåjj+ au Ö bhåjjau]
181
óiJdXd*Xa*iTvJauiZNa"dDa*z( ANaudk-PaUvRSPa*XTaad*iXaTYaadqNaaMa(
k-ae ivZ<auPadaNTae ))181))
sraj-diç-dåç-åtvij-uñëih-dadhåñ-anudaka-pürva-spåç-tädåç-ityädénäà ko viñëupadänte
sraj-diç-dåç-åtvij-uñëih-dadhåñ-anudaka-pürva-spåç-tädåç-ity-ädénäm (ñañ b)—of the words sraj
(embracing, garland), diç (pointing out, direction), dåç (seeing, vision), åtvij (priest), uñëih
(vedic meter), dadhåñ (bold), spåç (touching—but not in compound with udaka, water), and
tädåç (such, like), etc. ; kaù (prath e)—ka-Räma; viñëupada-ante (sap e)—at the end of
Viñëupada.
At Viñëupadänta, the final letter of sraj, diç, dåç, åtvij, uñëih, dadhåñ, spåç and tädåç changes
to ka-Räma.
I) Ex: sraj
sraj+ s[u] Ö (138) sraj Ö (181) srak
sraj+ au Ö srajau
sraj+ bhyäm Ö (181) srak+ bhyäm Ö (61) sragbhyäm
sraj+ su[p] Ö (181) sraksu Ö (107) srakñu
II_ By the same process :
prath e
prath d
tåt d
dåç
dåk
dåçau
Dågbhyäm
åtvij
åtvik
åtvijau
Åtvigbhyäm
uñëiù
uñëik
uñëihau
Uñëigbhyäm
dadhåñ
dadhåk
dadhåñau
Dadhågbhyäm
spåç
spåk
spåçau
Spågbhyäm
tädåç
tädåk
tädåçau
Tädågbhyäm
sap b
dåkñu
åtvikñu
uñëikñu
dadhåkñu
spåkñu
tädåkñu
182
YauJaae_SaMaSTaSYa NauMk*-Z<aSQaaNae Na Tau SaMaaDaaE ))182))
yujo 'samastasya num kåñëa-sthäne na tu samädhau
yujaù (ñañ e)—of the word yuj; a-samastasya (ñañ e)—not part of samäsa (compound); num—
the particle n[um]; kåñëa-sthäne (sap e)—before Kåñëa-sthäna; na—not; tu—but; samädhau
(sap e)—in the sense of samädhi, meditation.
N[um] is applied to yuj before Kåñëa-sthäna, except when it is used in samäsa or in the sense
of samädhi.
I) Ex: yuj
yuj+ s[u] Ö (182,157) yu.n[um].j+ s[u] Ö (138) yunj Ö (172) yuïj Ö (173) yuï Ö (174) yuì
yuj+ au Ö (182,157) yunj+ au Ö (172) yuïjau
yuj+ [ç]as Ö yujaù
yuj + bhyäm Ö (174) yugbhyäm
yuj+ su[p] Ö (174,63) yuksu Ö (107) yukñu
183
raTSaSYaEv SaTSa®aNTahriviÖ" ))183))
rät sasyaiva sat-saìgänta-hara-vidhiù
rät (païc e)—after ra-Räma; sasya (ñañ e)—of sa-Räma; eva—only; sat-saìga-anta-hara-vidhiù
(prath e)—the rule "sat-saìgänta-hara"(173—‘The last letter of sat-saìga is Hara at
Viñëupadänta’).
In sat-saìga beginning with r, only s is Hara at Viñëupadänta.i
i
(lit.: “After r, the rule ‘sat-saìgänta-hara’ is applied only to s.”)
I) Ex: ürj (strength)
ürj+ s[u] Ö (138) ürj Ö (174) ürg Ö (180) ürk
184
JavJaRhirGadaderek-SaveRìrSYa DaaTaaehRirgaaeXaaNTaSYaadaE
hirgaaeATvM, ivZ<auPadaNTae, SaßaeXa( c ))184))
ja-varja-harigadäder eka-sarveçvarasya dhätor harighoñäntasyädau
harighoñatvaà, viñëupadänte, sadhvoç ca
ja-varja—except ja-Räma; harigadä-ädeù (ñañ e)—beginning with Harigadä; eka-sarveçvarasya
(ñañ e)—having only one Sarveçvara; dhätoù (ñañ e)—of a dhätu; harighoña-antasya (ñañ e)—
ending with Harighoña; ädau (sap e)—in the beginning; harighoñatvam (prath e)—the nature
of Harighoña; viñëupada-ante (sap e)—at the end of Viñëupada; sa-dhvoù (sap d)—before saRäma or the syllable dhv; ca—and.
If a dhätu has these three characteristics : it begins with Harigadä (except ja-Räma); has only
one Sarveçvara; and ends with Harighoña, then the initial Harigadä changes to Harighoña if
the dhätu is followed by s or dhv, or it is at Viñëupadänta*.
I) * Here Viñëupadänta indicates that the dhätu is used as näma.
II) Ex: kåñëabudh
(the word budh satisfies the three conditions of this sütra)
kåñëabudh+ s[u] Ö (138) kåñnabudh Ö (184) kåñëabhudh Ö (61) kåñëabhud Ö
(180) kåñëabhut / d
kåñëabudh+ au Ö kåñëabudhau
kåñëabudh+ bhyäm Ö (184,61) kåñëabhudbhyäm
kåñnabudh+ su[p] Ö (184,61) kåñëabhud+ su Ö (63) kåñëabhutsu
kåñëabhut/d
kåñëabudham
kåñnabudhä
kåñëabudhe
kåñëabudhaù
”
kåñëabudhi
kåñëabhut / d
kåñëabudhau
”
kåñëabhudbhyäm
”
”
kåñëabudhoù
”
kåñëabudhau
kåñëabudhaù
”
kåñëabhudbhiù
kåñëabhudbhyaù
”
kåñëabudhäm
kåñëabhutsu
kåñëabudhaù
185
NaaMaaNTaSYa NaSYa hrae ivZ<auPadaNTae, buÖ& ivNaa ))185))
nämäntasya nasya haro viñëupadänte, buddhaà vinä
näma-antasya (ñañ e)—being the last letter of a Näma; nasya (ñañ e)—of na-Räma; haraù (prath
e)—Hara, elision; viñëupada-ante (sap e)—at the end of Viñëupada; buddham (dvit e)—
Buddha; vinä—except.
Final n of a näma is Hara at Viñëupadänta, except in Buddha.
I) Nämäntasya here indicates that this na-Räma is originally the final letter of prakåti.
II) Ex: räjan
räjan+ s[u] Ö (138) räjan Ö (160) räjän Ö (185) räjä
räjan+ au Ö (160) räjän+ au Ö räjänau
räjan+ [ç]as Ö (167) räjn+ as Ö (172) räjïas Ö räjïaù
räjan+ bhyäm Ö (175a,185) räja+ bhyäm Ö räjabhyäm
räjan+ [ì]i Ö (two forms by 167):
1) (167) räjn+ i Ö (172) räjïi
2) räjan+ i Ö räjani
räjan+ su[p] Ö (175a,185) räja+ su Ö räjasu
räjan+ Buddha Ö (138,160,185) räjan
räjä
räjänam
räjïä
räjïe
räjïaù
räjänau
”
räjabhyäm
”
”
räjänaù
Räjïaù
räjabhiù
räjabhyaù
”
”
räjïa / räjani
räjan
räjïoù
”
räjänau
Räjïäm
Räjasu
räjänaù
185a
Pau&Sa" PauMaSau" k*-ZNaSQaaNae
puàsaù pumasuù kåñna-sthäne 1
puàsaù (ñañ e)—of the word puàs (man); pumasuù (prath e)—the replacement pumas[u];
kåñna-sthäne (sap e)—before Kåñëa-sthäna.
Puàs changes to pumas before Kåñëa-sthäna.
I) Ex: puàs
puàs+ s[u] Ö (185a) pumas+ s[u] Ö (171) puma. n[um]. s+ s[u] Ö (138) pumans Ö (160)
pumäns Ö (173) pumän
puàs+ au Ö (185a) pumas+ au Ö (171) puma. n[um]. s+ au Ö (160) pumäns+ au Ö pumäàsau
puàs+ [ç]as Ö puàsaù
puàs+ bhyäm Ö (175a,173) pum+ bhyäm Ö pumbhyäm
puàs+ su[p] Ö (175a,173) puàsu
puàs+ Buddha Ö (185) pumas[u]+ s[u] Ö (171) pumans+ s[u] Ö (138) pumans Ö (160,173)
puman
pumän
pumäàsau
pümäàsaù
pumäàsam
”
puàsaù
puàsä
pumbhyäm
pumbhiù
puàse
”
pumbhyaù
puàsaù
”
”
”
puàsoù
puàsäm
puàsi
”
puàsu
puman
pumäàsau
pumäàsaù
186
ìNYauvNMagavNa( wTYaezaMvSYa o>aRGaviTa ))186))
çvan-yuvan-maghavan ity eñäà vasya ur bhagavati
çvan-yuvan-maghavan iti—the words çvan (dog), yuvan (youth) and maghavan (Indra); eñäm
(ñañ b)—of these; vasya (ñañ e)—of the syllable va; uù (prath e)—u-Räma; bhagavati (sap e)—
before any Bhagavat.
The syllable va of çvan, yuvan and maghavan changes to u before Bhagavat.
I)Ex: çvan
çvan+ s[u] Ö (138) çvan Ö (160) çvän Ö (185) çvä
çvan+ au Ö (160) çvän+ au Ö çvänau
çvan+ [ç]as Ö (186) çun+ as Ö çunaù
çvan+ bhyäm Ö (175a,185) çva+ bhyäm Ö çvabhyäm
çvan+ su[p] Ö (175a,185) çva+ su Ö çvasu
çvan
çvä
çvänam
çunä
çune
1
Båhat 142
çvänau
”
çvabhyäm
”
çvänaù
çunaù
çvabhiù
çvabhyaù
yuvan
yuvä
yuvänam
yünä
yüne
yuvänau
”
yuvabhyäm
”
Yuvänaù
Yünaù
Yuvabhiù
Yuvabhyaù
çunaù
”
çuni
çvan
”
çunoù
”
çvänau
”
çunäm
çvasu
çvänaù
yünaù
”
yüni
yuvan
”
yünoù
”
yuvänau
”
Yünäm
Yuvasu
Yuvänaù
187
DaaTaae rvPa[aiGaduTaaeiñiv§-Maae r vTaae ivZ<auJaNae,
Na ku-r^ur NaaMaDaaTauNaaM, Na c TaiÖTa Yae ))187))
dhäto ra-va-präg-id-utos trivikramo ra-vato viñëujane, na kura-chura-nämadhätünäà, na ca taddhita ye
dhätoù (ñañ)—of a dhätu; ra-va-präk—preceded by ra- or va-Räma; id-utoù (ñañ d)—of i- and
u-Räma; trivikramaù (prath e)—Trivikrama; ra-vataù (païc e)—after ra- or va-Räma;
viñëujane (sap e)—before Viñëujana; na—not; kura-chura-näma-dhätünäm (ñañ b)—of the
words kur (sound) and chur (cut) and näma-dhätus; na—not; ca—either; taddhita-ye (sap e)—
before taddhita beginning with y.
When a dhätu ending in ir, iv or ur, uv is followed by Viñëujana, i or u becomes Trivikrama;
except kur, chur and näma-dhätus, and before y of a Taddhita.
I) Some rules in this section are applicable to dhätus whether they are used as a verb or as a
noun.
II) Ex: pratidivan (sun, from dhätu div, shine)
pratidivan+ s[u] Ö (138,160) pratidivän Ö (185) pratidivä
pratidivan+ au Ö (160) pratidivänau
pratidivan+ [ç]as Ö (167) pratidivn+ as Ö (187) pratidévn+ as Ö pratidévnaù
Similarly: pratidévnä, pratidévne, pratidévnäm, etc. .
pratidivan+ bhyäm Ö (175a,185) pratidiva+ bhyäm Ö pratidivabhyäm
pratidivan+ su[p] Ö (175a,185) pratidiva+ su Ö pratidivasu
pratidivan+ Buddha Ö (138,160) pratidivan
188
PaiQaNMaiQaNa*>aui+aà( wTYaezaMa( NaSYa hr" SaaE ))188))
pathin-mathin-åbhukñinn ity eñäà nasya haraù sau
pathin-mathin-åbhukñin iti—the words pathin (path), mathin (churning stick) and åbhukñin
(Indra); eñäm (ñañ b)—of these; nasya (ñañ e)—of na-Räma; haraù (prath e)—Hara, elision; sau
(sap e)—before s[u].
The letter n of pathin, mathin and åbhukñin is Hara before s[u].
189
PaQYaadqNaaiMaraMaSYaaraMa" k*-Z<a SQaaNae QaaTPaUv| Nauk( c ))189))
pathyädénäm i-Rämasyärämaù kåñëa-sthäne thät pürvaà nuk ca
pathi-ädénäm (ñañ b)—of the words pathin, etc. ; i-Rämasya (ñañ e)—of i-Räma; ä-Rämaù
(prath e)—ä-Räma; kåñëa-sthäne (sap e)—before Kåñëa-sthäna; thät (païc e)
—tha-Räma (of pathin and mathin); pürvam—preceding; nuk—the particle n[uk]; ca—also.
In Kåñna-sthäna, i of pathin, mathin and åbhukñin changes to Trivikrama ä, and n[uk] is
inserted before th.
I) Ex: pathin
pathin+ s[u] Ö (188) pathi+ s[u] Ö (189) pathä+ s[u] Ö (189) pa. n[uk]. thä+ s[u] Ö panthäù
pathin+ au Ö (189) pathän+ au Ö (189) panthän+ au Ö panthänau
190
PaQYaadqNaa& Sa&Saarhrae >aGaviTa. ))190))
pathyädénäà saàsära-haro bhagavati
pathi-ädénäm (ñañ b)—of the words pathin, etc. ; saàsära-haraù (prath e)—the elision of
saàsära; bhagavati (sap e)—before a Bhagavat suffix.
The saàsära of pathin, mathin, and åbhukñin is Hara before Bhagavat.
I) pathin+ [ç]as Ö (190) path+ as Ö pathaù
Similarly: pathä, pathe, pathäm, etc. .
pathin+ bhyäm Ö (175a,185) pathi+ bhyäm Ö pathibhyäm
pathin+ su[p] Ö (175a,185) pathi+ su Ö (107) pathiñu
panthäh
panthänau
panthänaù
panthänam
”
pathaù
pathä
pathibhyäm
pathibhiù
pathe
”
pathibhyaù
pathaù
”
”
”
pathoù
pathäm
pathi
”
pathiñu
panthäù
panthänau
panthänaù
190a 1
wNhNPaUzNaYaRMaNa( wTYaezaMa( oÖvSYa i}aiv§-Ma" SauXYaaerev
in-han-püñan-aryaman ity eñäm uddhavasya trivikramaù
su-çyor eva
in-han-püñan-aryaman iti—words ending in in, and the words han (killing), püñan and aryaman
(names of demigods); eñäm (ñañ b)—of them; uddhavasya (ñañ e)—of Uddhava; trivikramaù
(prath e)—Trivikrama; su-çyoù (sap d)—before s[u] or [ç]i; eva—only.
Words ending in in, and han, püñan and aryaman change their Uddhava to Trivikrama only
before s[u] or [ç]i.
I) This sütra modifies 160.
II) svämin
svämé
sväminam
sväminä
svämine
sväminaù
”
svämini
svämin
sväminau
”
svämibhyäm
”
”
sväminoù
”
sväninau
191
1
Båhat 120
sväminaù
”
svämibhiù
svämibhyaù
”
sväminäm
svämiñu
sväminaù
hNaae hSYa gaae i<aNaYaae" ))191))
hano hasya gho ëinnayoù
hanaù (ñañ e)—of the word han ; hasya (ñañ e)—of ha-Räma; ghaù (prath e)—gha-Räma; ëitnayoù (sap d)—before na-Räma or ëit (any suffix in which ë is ‘it’)
Before n or ëit, the h of han changes to gh.
I) Ex: kaàsahan (the killer of Kaàsa)
kaàsahan+ s[u] Ö (190a) kaàsahän+ s[u] Ö (138) kaàsahän Ö (185) kaàsahä
kaàsahan+ au Ö kaàsahanau
kaàsahan+ [ç]as Ö (167) kaàsahn+ as Ö (191) kaàsaghn+ as Ö kaàsaghnaù
Similarly: kaàsaghnä, kaàsaghne, kaàsagnäm, etc. .
kaàsahan+ bhyäm Ö (175a,185) kaàsahabhyäm
kaàsahan+ [ì]i Ö (two forms by 167):
1) (167) kaàsahn+ i Ö (191) kaàsaghn+ i Ö kaàsaghni
2) kaàsahani
192
rzNaaNTaSa&:Yaa>Yaae NaudaiMa SvaQaeR ))192))
ra-ña-nänta-saìkhyäbhyo nuò ämi svärthe
ra-ña-na-anta—ending with ra-, ña- or na-Räma; saìkhyäbhyaù (païc b)—after the numerals;
nuö—the particle n[uö]; ämi (sap e)—before äm; sva-arthe (sap e)—in the direct meaning.
After numerals (used in primary sense) ending in r, ñ or n, n[uö] is applied before äm.
I) Ex: ñañ (six)
ñañ+ [j]as (or [ç]as) Ö (125) ñañ Ö (179) ñaò Ö (180) ñaö / ò
ñañ+ bhis Ö (175a,179) ñaò+ bhis Ö ñaòbhiù
ñañ+ äm Ö (192) ñañ+ n[uö]. äm Ö (175a,179) ñaò+ näm Ö
(62) ñaë+ näm Ö (110) ñaëëäm
ñañ+ su[p] Ö (175a.179) ñaò+ su Ö (63) ñaösu
ñaö / ò
”
ñaòbhiù
ñaòbhyaù
”
ñaëëäm
ñaösu
193
NaaNTaoÖvSYa i}aiv§-Maae NaaiMa ))193))
näntoddhavasya trivikramo nämi
na-anta—ending with na-Räma; uddhavasya (ñañ e)—of Uddhava; trivikramaù (prath e)—
Trivikrama; nämi (sap e)—before näm (n[uö]. äm, by 192).
.
The Uddhava of words ending in n becomes Trivikrama before näm.
I) Ex: païcan (five)
païca
païcan+ [j]as (or [ç]as) Ö (125) païcan Ö (185) païca
”
païcan+ bhis Ö (175a,185) païca+ bhis Ö païcabhiù
païcabhiù
païcan+ äm Ö (192) païcan+ n[uö]. äm Ö (193) païcän+ näm Ö
païcabhyaù
(175a,185) païcä+ näm Ö païcänäm
”
païcan+ su[p] Ö (175a,185) païca+ su Ö païcasu
païcänäm
païcasu
194
AíNa( Aa ivZ<au>ai¢-zu va ))194))
añöan ä viñëubhaktiñu vä
añöan—the word añöan; ä—ä-Räma; viñëubhaktiñu (sap b)—before any Viñëubhakti; vä—
optionally.
Añöan optionally changes to añöä before any Viñëubhakti.
195
TaSMaaÂSXaSaaeraEXSvaQaeR ))195))
tasmäj jas-çasor auç svärthe
tasmät—after that; jas-çasoù (ñañ d)—of [j]as and [ç]as; auç—the replacement au[ç]; svärthe
(sap e)—in the direct meaning.
After that, [j]as and [ç]as are replaced by au[ç] (if añöan is used in its primary sense).
I) Ex: añöan (eight)
añöan+ [j]as (or [ç]as) Ö (two forms by 194):
1) (125) añöan Ö (185) añöa
2) (194) añöä+ [j]as Ö (195) añöä+ au[ç] Ö (46) añöau
añöan+ bhis Ö (two forms by 194):
1) (175a,185) añöa+ bhis Ö añöabhiù
2) (194) añöä+ bhis Ö añöäbhiù
añöan+ äm Ö (192) añöan+ näm Ö (193) astän+ näm
Ö (175a,185) añöä+ näm Ö añöänäm
(By applying 194 the same result is achieved.)
añöa / añöau
”
”
añöabhiù / añöäbhiù
añöhabhyaù / astäbhyaù
”
”
añöänäm
añöasu / añöäsu
196
ANaHPaUvRSYaavR<aae_vRTa* Sau ivNaa ))196))
a-naï-pürvasyärvaëo 'rvatå su-vinä
a—not; naï—the negation na[ï]; pürvasya (ñañ e)—preceded; arvaëaù (ñañ e)—of the word
arvan (horse); arvatå—the word arvat[å]; su-vinä—except s[u].
Arvan is replaced by arvat[å] before any Viñëubhakti except s[u], (but not if it is preceded by
the negative prefix an).
197
NavJaRTavGaRSQaSYa NaSYa Na <aTvMa( ))197))
na-varja-ta-varga-sthasya nasya na ëatvam
na-varja-ta-varga—ta-varga except na-Räma (t, th, d, dh); sthasya (ñañ e)—situated with; nasya
(ñañ e)—of na-Räma; na—not; ëatvam (prath e)—the change to murdhanya ëa-Räma (110).
N does not change to ë before t, th, d, dh.
I) Optional translation: “Sütra 110 is not applicable if n is followed by t, th, d, dh.”
I) Ex: arvan
arvan+ s[u] Ö (138) arvan Ö (160) arvän Ö (185) arvä
arvan+ au Ö (196) arvat+ au Ö (171,157) arva. n[um]. t+ au Ö (197) arvantau
arvan+ [ç]as Ö (196) arvat+ [ç]as Ö arvataù
arvan+ bhyäm Ö (196) arvat+ bhyäm Ö (175a,61) arvad+ bhyäm Ö arvadbhyäm
arvä
arvantam
arvatä
arvate
arvataù
”
arvantau
”
arvadbhyäm
”
”
arvatoù
arvantaù
arvataù
arvadbhiù
arvadbhyaù
”
arvatäm
arvati
arvan
”
arvantau
arvatsu
arvantaù
198
DaaTaaeMaaeR Naae ivZ<auAdaNTae MavYaaeXa( c ))198))
dhätor mo no viñëupadänte ma-vayoç ca
dhätoù (ñañ e)— of` a dhätu; maù (prath e)—ma-Räma; naù (prath e)—na-Räma; viñëupadaante (sap e)—at the end of Viñëupada; ma-vayoù (sap d)—before ma- or va-Räma; ca—and.
Final m of a dhätu changes to n at Viñëupadänta or before m or v.
I) Ex: praçäm (a peaceful person)
praçäm+ s[u] Ö (138) praçäm Ö (198) praçän
praçäm+ au Ö praçämau
praçäm+ bhyäm Ö (175a,198) praçän+ bhyäm Ö praçänbhyäm
praçäm+ su[p] Ö (175a,198) praçän+ su Ö (76) praçäàsu
198a 1
ß&Sauó&SauvSvNa@uhaM@ae ivZ<auPadaNTae
dhvaàsu-sraàsu-vasv-anaòuhäà do viñëupadänte
dhvaàsu-sraàsu-vasu-anaòuhäm (ñañ b)—of dhvaàs[u] (destroying), sraàs[u] (falling),
vas[u] (suffix indicating possession) and anaòuh (ox); daù (prath e)—da-Räma; viñëupadänte
(sap e)—at the end of Viñëupada.
Dhvaàs, sraàs, vas and anaòuh change their final letter to d at Viñëupadänta.
198b 2
vSaaevRSYa o>aRGaviTa
vasor vasya ur bhagavati
vasoù (ñañ e)—of the termination vas[u]; vasya (ñañ e)—of the syllable va; uù (prath e)—uRäma; bhagavati (sap e)—before any Bhagavat.
Va of vas[u] changes to u before Bhagavat.
I) Ex: vidvas[u] (scholar, wise)
vidvas+ s[u] Ö (171,157) vidva. n[um]. s+ s[u] Ö (138) vidvans Ö (160) vidväns Ö (173) vidvän
vidvas+ au Ö (171,157) vidva. n[um]. s+ au Ö (160) vidväns+ au Ö (162) vidväàsau
vidvas+ [ç]as Ö (198b) vidus+ as Ö (107) viduñaù
Similarly: viduñä, viduñe, viduñi, etc. .
vidvas+ bhyäm Ö (175a,198a) vidvadbhyäm
vidvas+ su[p] Ö (175a,198a) vidvad+ su Ö (63) vidvatsu
vidvän
vidväàsam
viduñä
viduñe
viduñaù
”
viduñi
vidvan
1
2
Båhat 288
Båhat 289
vidväàsau
”
vidvadbhyäm
”
”
viduñoù
”
vidväàsau
vidväàsaù
viduñaù
vidvadbhiù
vidvadbhyaù
”
viduñäm
vidvatsu
vidväàsaù
199
cTaurNa@uhaeraMk*-Z<aSQaaNae, buÖe TvMa( ))199))
catur-anaòuhor äm kåñëa-sthäne, buddhe tv am
catur-anaòuhoù (ñañ d)—of catur (four) and anaòuh (ox); äm—the particle ä[m]; kåñëa-sthäne
(sap e)—before Kåñëa-sthäna; buddhe (sap e)—before Buddha; tu—but; am—the particle
a[m].
Ä[m] is inserted in catur and anaòuh before Kåñëa-sthäna; but before Buddha a[m] is
inserted instead.
I) ä[m] and a[m] are inserted according rule 157.
199a 1
ANa@uhae NauMc SaaE
anaòuho nuà ca sau
anaòuhaù (ñañ e)—of the word anaòuh; num— the particle n[um]; ca—and; sau (sap e)—
before s[u].
And before s[u], n[um] is also applied to anaòuh .
I) Ex: anaòuh
anaòuh+ s[u] Ö (199,157) anaòu. ä[m]. h+ s[u] Ö (48) anaòväù+ s[u] Ö (199a,157)
anaòvä.n[um].h+ s[u] Ö (138) anaòvänh Ö (173) anaòvän
anaòuh+ au Ö (199,157,48) anaòväh+ au Ö anaòvähau
anaòuh+ [ç]as Ö anaòuhaù
anaòuh+ bhyäm Ö (175a,198a) anaòudbhyäm
anaòuh+ su[p] Ö (175a,198a) anaòud+ su Ö (63) anaòutsu
anaòuh+ Buddha Ö (199,157) anaòu. a[m]. h+ s[u] Ö (48) anaòvah+ s[u] Ö
(199a,157) anaòva. n[um]. h+ s[u] Ö (138) anaòvanh Ö (173) anaòvan
200
rraMaSYa Na ivZ<auSaGaR" SauiPa ))200))
ra-rämasya na viñëusargaù supi
ra-rämasya (ñañ e)—of ra-Räma; na—not; viñëusargaù (prath e)—Viñëusarga; supi (sap e)—
before su[p].
Ra-Räma does not change to Viñëusarga before su[p].
I) Ex: catur (four)
catur + [j]as Ö (199,157) catu. ä[m]. r+ as Ö (48) catväraù
catur + [ç]as Ö caturaù
catur+ bhis Ö (175a,93) catuù+ bhis Ö catuùbhiù
catur+ äm Ö (192) catur+ n[ut]. äm Ö
(175a,93) catuù+ näm Ö (84,110) caturëäm
catur+ su[p] Ö (175a,200) catuù+ su Ö (84,107) caturñu
201
catväraù
caturaù
catuùbhiù
catuùbhyaù
”
caturëäm
caturñu
SaJauzaiXaizTYaNaYaaeirSauSaNTaDaaTaaeXa( c rae ivZ<auPadaNTae,
TaSYa ivZ<auSaGaRê SauiPa ))201))
1
Båhat 295
sajuñ äçiñ ity anayor is-us-anta-dhätoç ca ro viñëupadänte,
tasya viñëusargaç ca supi
sajuñ-äçiñ iti—the words sajuñ (friend) and äçiñ (benediction); anayoù (ñañ d)—of the two; isus-anta—ending in is or us; dhätoù (ñañ e)—of a dhätu; ca—and; raù (prath e)—ra-Räma;
viñëupadänte (sap e)—at the end of Viñëupada; tasya (ñañ e)— of that letter; viñëusargaù
(prath e)—Viñëusarga; ca—and; supi (sap e)—before su[p].
Sajuñ and äçiñ, and dhätus ending in is or us change the last letter to r at Viñëupadänta and
this r changes to Viñëusarga before su[p].
I) This sütra modifies 200.
202
wårNTaDaaTaaeåÖvSYa i}aiv§-Maae ivZ<auPadaNTae ))202))
ir-ur-anta-dhätor uddhavasya trivikramo viñëupadänte
ir-ur-anta—ending in ir or ur; dhätoù (ñañ e)—of a dhätu; uddhavasya (ñañ e)—of Uddhava;
trivikramaù (prath e)—Trivikrama; viñëupadänte (sap e)—at the end of Viñëupada.
When the ending ir or ur of a dhätu is Viñëupadänta, Uddhava becomes Trivikrama.
I) Ex: sajuñ
sajuñ+ s[u] Ö (138) sajuñ Ö (201) sajur Ö (202) sajür Ö sajüù
sajuñ+ au Ö sajuñau
sajuñ+ bhyäm Ö (175a,201) sajur+ bhyäm Ö (202) sajür+ bhyäm Ö sajürbhyäm
sajuñ+ su[p] Ö (175a,201) sajur+ su[p] Ö (202) sajür+ su Ö sajüù+ su Ö (107) sajüùñu
a) sajuñ
sajüù
sajuñam
sajuñä
sajuñe
sajuñaù
”
sajuñi
sajüù
sajuñau
”
sajürbhyäm
”
”
sajuñoù
”
sajuñau
b) äçiñ (f)
äçéù
äçiñam
äçiñä
äçiñe
açiñaù
”
äçiñi
äçéù
sajuñaù
”
sajürbhiù
sajürbhyaù
”
sajuñäm
sajüùñu
sajuñaù
II) Words ending in ir and ur :
a) gir (f) (voice)
géù
girau
giraù
giram
”
”
girä
gérbhyäm
gérbhiù
gire
”
gérbhyaù
giraù
”
”
”
giroù
giräm
giri
”
gérñu
géù
girau
giraù
Äçiñau
”
äçérbhyäm
”
”
Äçiñoù
”
Äçiñau
b) pur (f) (town)
püù
Purau
puram
”
purä
Pürbhyäm
pure
”
puraù
”
”
Puroù
puri
”
püù
Purau
äçiñaù
”
äçirbhiù
äçérbhyaù
”
äçiñäm
äçéùñu
äçiñaù
puraù
”
pürbhiù
pürbhyaù
”
puräm
pürñu
puraù
203
hSYa !", Nahae Da", dadeSTau DaaTaaegaR",d]uhMauhNaXaòuh
iòha& va ivZ<auPadaNTae vEZ<ave c ))203))
hasya òhaù, naho dhaù, dädes tu dhätor ghaù, druha-muha-naça-snuhasnihäà vä viñëupadänte vaiñëave ca
hasya (ñañ e)—of ha-Räma; òhaù (prath e)—òha-Räma; nahaù (ñañ e)—of the word nah (bind,
binding); dhaù (prath e)—dha-Räma; da-ädeù (ñañ e)—beginning with da-Räma; tu—but;
dhätoù (ñañ e)—of a dhätu; ghaù (prath e)—gha-Räma; druha-muha-naça-snuha-snihäm (ñañ
b)—of druh (hurt, hurting), muh (bewilder, bewildering), naç (destroy, destroying), snuh
(vomit, vomiting), snih (love, loving); vä—optionally; viñëupada-ante (sap e)—at the end of
Viñëupada; vaiñëave (sap e)—before Vaiñëava; ca—also.
At Viñëupadänta or before Vaiñëava, h changes to òh, but in nah, it changes to dh, and in
dhätus beginning with d, the final h changes to ghIn druh, muh, naç, snuh and snih, the final
letter optionally changes to gh.
I) lih (one who licks)
lih+ s[u] Ö (138) lih Ö (203) liòh Ö (61) liò Ö (180) liö / ò
lih+ au Ö lihau
Similarly: lihaù, liham, lihä, lihe, lihoù, etc. .
lih+ bhyäm Ö (175a,203) liòh+ bhyäm Ö (61) liò+ bhyäm Ö liòbhyäm
lih+ su[p] Ö (175a,203) liòh+ su Ö (61) liò+ su Ö (63) liösu
II) upänah (shoe)
upänah+ s[u] Ö (138) upänah Ö (203) upänadh Ö (61) upänad Ö (180) upänat / d
upänah+ au Ö upänahau
Similarly: upänahaù, upänaham, upänahä, etc. .
upänah+ bhyäm Ö (175a,203) upänadh+ bhyäm Ö (61) upänad+ bhyäm Ö upänadbhyäm
upänah+ su[p] Ö (175a,203) upänadh+ su Ö (61) upänad+ su Ö (63) upänatsu
III) kämaduh (f) (cow)
kämaduh+ s[u] Ö (138) kämaduh Ö (203) kämadugh Ö (184) kämadhugh Ö
(61) kämadhug Ö (180) kämadhuk / g
kämaduh+ au Ö kämaduhau
Similarly: kämaduhaù, kämaduham, kämaduhä, etc. .
kämaduh+ bhyäm Ö (175a,203) kämadugh+ bhyäm Ö (184) kämadhugh+ bhyäm Ö (61)
kämadhugbhyäm
kämaduh+ su[p] Ö (175a,203) kämadugh+ su Ö (184) kämadhugh+ su Ö
(61) kämadhug+ su Ö (63) kämadhuksu Ö (107) kämadhukñu
III) druh
druh+ s[u] Ö (138) druh Ö (two forms by 203):
a) (203) druòh Ö (61) druò Ö (180) druö / ò
b) (203) drugh Ö (61) drug Ö (180) druk / g
prath e
prath d
tåt d
sap b
druh
druk/g, druö/ò
druhau
drugbhyäm, druòbhyäm
drukñu, druösu
muh
muk/g, muö/ò
muhau
mugbhyäm, muòbhyäm
mukñu, muösu
naç
nak/g, naö/ò
naçau
nagbhyäm, naòbhyäm
nakñu, naösu
snuh
snuk/g, snuö/ò
snuhau
snugbhyäm, snuòbhyäm
snukñu, snuösu
snih
snik/g, sniö/ò
snihau
snigbhyäm, sniòbhyäm
snikñu, sniösu
204
vahae va O?>aGaviTa ))204))
väho vä üöh bhagavati
vähaù (ñañ e)—of the word väh; vä—the syllable vä; üöh—the replacement ü[öh]; bhagavati (ñañ
e)—before a Bhagavat pratyayas.
In väh, vä is replaced by ü[öh] before Bhagavat.
205
AÜYaadU#=ae v*Z<aqNd]" ))205))
a-dvayäd üöho våñëéndraù
a-dvayät (païc e)—after a-Dvaya; üöhaù (ñañ e)—of ü[öh]; våñëéndraù (prath e)—Våñëéndra.
After a-Dvaya, ü[öh] takes Våñëéndra.
I) Ex: kåñëaväh (the carrier of Kåñëa, Garuda)
kåñëaväh+ s[u] Ö (138) kåñëaväh Ö (203) kåñëaväòh Ö (61) kåñëaväò Ö
(180) kåñëaväö / ò
kåñëaväh+ au Ö kåñëavähau
Similarly : kåñëavähaù, kåñëaväham
kåñëaväh+ [ç]as Ö (204) kåñëa. ü[öh]. h+ as Ö (205) kåñëa. au. h+ as Ö
(46) kåñëauh+ as Ö kåñëauhaù
Similarly : kåñëauhä, kåñëauhe, etc. .
kåñëaväh+ bhyäm Ö (175a,203) kåñëaväòh+ bhyäm Ö (61) kåñëaväò+ bhyäm Ö
kåñëaväòbhyäm
kåñëaväh+ su[p] Ö (175a,203) kåñëaväòh+ su Ö (63) kåñëaväösu
Viñëujanänta-Lakñmé-liìgäh
206
APaae dae >ae )206))
apo do bhe
apaù (ñañ e)—of the word ap (water); daù (prath e)—da-Räma; bhe (sap e)—before any
Viñëubhakti beginning with bha-Räma.
Before bhis and bhyas, ap changes to ad.
I) (ap is declined only in plural)
ap+ [j]as Ö (160) äp+ as Ö äpaù
ap+ [ç]as Ö apaù
ap+ bhis Ö (206) ad+ bhis Ö adbhiù
äpaù
apaù
adbhiù
adbhyaù
”
apäm
apsu
apaù
207
idvaE SaaE ))207))
div au sau
div—the word div (sky); au—au-Räma; sau (sap e)—before s[u].
Before s[u], v of div changes to au.
I) div+ s[u] Ö (207) di. au+ s Ö (47) dyau+ s Ö dyauù
div+ au Ö divau
Similarly : divaù, divam, divä, dive, etc. .
208
idvuivRZ<auPadaNTae ))208))
div ur viñëupadänte
div—the word div; uù (prath e)—u-Räma; viñëupadänte (sap e)—at the end of Viñëupada.
V of div changes to u at Viñëupadänta.
I) div+ bhyäm Ö (175a,208)di. u+ bhyäm Ö (47) dyu+ bhyäm Ö dyubhyäm
div+ su[p] Ö (175a,208) dyu+ su Ö (107) dyuñu
dyauù
divam
divä
dive
divaù
”
divi
dyau
divau
”
dyubhyäm
”
”
divoù
”
divau
divaù
”
dyubhiù
dyubhyaù
”
diväm
dyuñu
divaù
Viñëujanänta-Brahma-Lingäù
209
NaSYa hrae va b]øi<a buÖe ))209))
nasya haro vä brahmaëi buddhe
nasya (ñañ e)—of na-Räma; haraù (prath e)—Hara, elision; vä—optionally; brahmaëi (sap e)—
in Brahma-liìga; buddhe (sap e)—before Buddha.
Final n of Brahma-liìga is optionally Hara before Buddha.
I) Ex: näman (name)
näman+ su Ö (163) näman Ö (185) näma
näman+ au Ö (143) näman+ é Ö (two forms by 167):
a) (167) nämn+ é Ö nämné
b) nämané
näman+ jas Ö (155) näman+ [ç]i Ö (160) nämäni
näman+ öä Ö (167) nämn+ ä Ö nämnä
näman+ bhyäm Ö (175a,185) nämabhyäm
näman+ Buddha Ö (185,209) näma / näman
näma
”
nämnä
nämne
nämnaù
”
nämni / nämani
näma / näman
nämné / nämané
”
”
nämabhyäm
”
”
nämnoù
”
nämné / nämané
nämäni
”
nämabhiù
nämabhyaù
”
nämnäm
nämasu
nämäni
210
Aöae ivZ<auSaGaaeR ivZ<auPadaNTae ))210))
ahno viñëusargo viñëupadänte
ahnaù (ñañ e)—of the word ahan (day); viñëusargaù (prath e)—Viñëusarga; viñëupadänte (sap
e)—at the end of Viñëupada.
N of ahan changes to Viñëusarga at Viñëupadänta.
I) ahan+ s[u] Ö (138) ahan Ö (210) ahaù
ahan+ au Ö (143) ahan+ é Ö ahané
ahan+ [j]as (or [ç]as) Ö (155) ahan+ [ç]i Ö (160) ahän+ i Ö ahäni
ahan+ [ö]ä Ö (167) ahn+ ä Ö ahnä
Similarly : ahne, ahnoù, ahnäm
ahan+ bhyäm Ö (175a,210) ahaù+ bhyäm Ö (82) aho+ bhyäm Ö ahobhyäm
ahan+ [ì]i Ö (two forms by 167):
a) ahn+ i Ö ahni; a) ahani
ahan+ su[p] Ö (175a,210) ahaù+ su Ö ahaùsu
ahaù
”
ahnä
ahne
ahnaù
”
ahni / ahani
ahaù
ahné / ahané
”
”
ahobhyäm
”
”
ahnoù
”
ahné / ahané
ahäni
”
ahobhiù
ahobhyaù
”
ahnäm
ahaùsu
ahäni
Kåñëa-näma prakaraëam
211
SavaRdqiNa k*-Z<aNaaMaaiNa))211))
sarvädéni kåñëa-nämäni
sarva-ädéni (prath b)—the words beginning with sarva; kåñëa-nämäni (prath b)—called Kåñëanämas (sarvanäma, pronouns).
The words sarva, etc. are called Kåñëa-näma.
I) Kåñëa-näma is specific category of nämas characterized by its own pattern of declention. All
the pronouns are Kåñëa-nämas.
II) The 40 Kåñëa-nämas:
para—other
sarva—all
avara—the following, inferior, western
viçva—all, every, etc.
dakñiëa—south, right
ubha—both
utara—higher, left, northern, following
ubhaya—both
apara—further, later, following, western
anya—other
adhara—lower
anyatra—one of the other
sva—‘self’, one's own, his, her, etc.
tatara—that one
antara—outside
tatama—that one (of many)
tad—(3rd person) he, she, it, etc.
yatara—which
yatama—which (of many)
yad— (relative) who, what, which, etc.
katara—who / which (of two)
etad (demonstrative) this, etc.
katama—who/ which (of many)
idam— (demonstrative) this, etc.
ekatara—one (of two)
adas—(demonstrative) that, etc.
ekatama—one (of them)
eka—one, single
itara—another, the rest
dvi—two, pair
tvat—thou
yuñmad—(2nd person) you, etc.
tva—thou
asmad—(1st person) I, etc.
nema—half
bhavat[u]—(2nd person, honorific) you,
sama—all
Your Lorship, etc.
sima—every, all
kim—who, what, which ?
pürva—first, former
212
k*-Z<aNaaMak*-Z<aTaae JaSa" Xaq" ))212))
kåñëanäma-kåñëato jasaù çéù
kåñnanäma-kåñëataù (païc e)—after Kåñëa-näma-Kåñëa-saàjïa; jasaù (ñañ e)—of [j]as; çéù
(prath e)—the replacement [ç]é.
After Kåñna-näma-Kåñëa, [j]as is replaced by [ç]é.
I) Ex: sarva
sarva+ s[u] Ö sarvas Ö sarvaù
sarva+ au Ö (46) sarvau
sarva+ [j]as Ö (212) sarva+ [ç]é Ö (41) sarve
213
k*-Z<aNaaMak*-Z<aTaae xe" SMaE, xSae" SMaaT, xe" iSMaNa( ))213))
kåñëanäma-kåñëato ìeù smai, ìaseù smät, ìeù smin
kåñëanäma-kåñëataù (païc e)—after Kåñëa-näma-Kåñëa; ìeù (ñañ e)—of [ì]e; smai—the
replacement smai; ìaseù (ñañ e)—of [ì]as[i]; smät—smät; ìeù (ñañ e)—of [ì]i; smin—smin.
After Kåñëa-näma-Kåñëa, [ì]e is replaced by smai, [ì]as[i] by smät, and [ì]i by smin.
I) sarva+ [ì]e Ö (213) sarva+ smai Ö sarvasmai
sarva+ [ì]as[i] Ö (213) sarva+ smät Ö sarvasmät
sarva+ [ì]as Ö (103) sarva+ sya Ö sarvasya
sarva+ [ì]i Ö (213) sarva+ smin Ö sarvasmin
214
k*-Z<aNaaMak*-Z<araDaa>YaaMSau@( AaiMa ))214))
kåñëanäma-kåñëa-rädhäbhyäà suò ämi
kåñëanäma-kåñëa-rädhäbhyäm (païc d)—after Kåñëa-näma-Kåñëa and Kåñëa-näma-Rädhä;
suö—the particle s[uö]; ämi (sap e)—before äm.
After Kåñëa-näma-Kåñëa or Kåñëa-näma-Rädhä, s[uö] is applied before äm.
I) sarva+ äm Ö (214) sarva+ s[ut]. äm Ö (101) sarve+ säm Ö (107) sarveñäm
II) sarva
sarvaù
sarvau
sarve
sarvam
”
sarvän
sarveëa
sarväbhyäm
sarvaiù
sarvasmai
”
sarvebhyaù
sarvasmät
”
”
sarvasya
sarvayoù
sarveñäm
sarvasmin
”
sarveñu
sarvaù
sarvau
sarve
(Another form for sarvasmät is sarvataù, and for sarvasmai is sarvatra.
III) anya (declined as sarva)
anyaù
anyau
anye
anyam
”
anyän
anyena
anyäbhyäm
anyaiù
anyasmai
”
anyebhyaù
anyasmät
”
”
anyasya
anyayoù
anyeñäm
anyasmin
”
anyeñu
IV) bhavat[u] (declined as bhagavat[u])
bhavän
bhavantau
bhavantaù
bhavantam
”
bhavataù
bhavatä
bhavadbhyäm
bhavadbhiù
bhavate
bhavataù
”
bhavati
bhavan
”
”
bhavatoù
”
bhavantau
bhavadbhyaù
”
bhavatäm
bhavatsu
bhavantaù
215
PaUvaRid c VYavSQaaYaa& Saák&- k*-Z<aNaaMak-Ma( ))215))
pürvädi ca vyavasthäyäà saptakaà kåñëanämakam
pürva-ädi (prath e)—beginning with pürva; ca—and; vyavasthäyäm (sap e)—in the sense of
direction, place or time; saptakam (prath e)—the group of seven (pürva, para, avara, dakñiëa,
utara, apara, adhara); Kåñëa-nämakam (prath e)—Kåñëa-näma.
The seven words beginning with pürva are Kåñëa-nämas only when they signify direction,
place or time.
216
SaMaae_TauLYae k*-Z<aNaaMa ))216))
samo 'tulye kåñëanäma
samaù (prath e)—the word sama; a-tulye (sap e)—not in the sense of tulya, equal; Kåñëanämaù (prath e)—Kåñëa-näma.
Sama is Kåñëa-näma when it does not mean tulya.
217
SvMajaiTa DaNaaûYae ))217))
svam a-jïäti dhanähvaye
svam (prath e)—the word sva; a—not; jïäti— relative; dhana— wealth; ähvaye (sap e)—in the
meaning of.
Sva is Kåñëa-näma when it does not mean ‘relative’ or ‘wealth’.
218
ANTarae vaùPairDaaNaqYaYaaeNaR Tv( ASaaE Pauir ))218))
antaro vähya-paridhänéyayor na tv asau puri
antaraù (prath e)—the word antara; vähya—in the sense of ‘outside’; paridhänéyayoù (sap d)—
and in the sense of ‘undergarment’; na—not; tu—but; asau (prath e)—that; puri (sap e)—
within the city.
Antara is Kåñëa-näma when it means ‘outside’ (except in reference to pur, city) or
‘undergarment’.
219
PaUvaRidiNa Nav k*-Z<aNaaMaaiNa JaiSa va ))219))
pürvädéni nava kåñëanämäni jasi vä
pürva-ädéni (prath e)—beginning with pürva; nava (prath b)—nine (pürva, para, avara,
dakñiëa, utara, apara, adhara, sva, antara); kåñëa-nämäni (prath b)—Kåñëa-nämas; jasi (sap
e)—before [j]as; vä—optionally.
Before [j]as, the nine words beginning with pürva are Kåñëa-nämas optionally.
I) Ex: pürva
pürva+ s[u] Ö pürvaù
pürva+ au Ö pürvau
pürva+ [j]as Ö (two forms by 219):
a) declined as Kåñëa-näma: (212) pürva+ [ç]i Ö pürve
b) declined as Kåñëa-saàjïa: pürva+ as Ö pürväù
220
PaUvaRid>Yaae Nav>Ya" SMaaiTSMaNaaE va ))220))
pürvädibhyo navabhyaù smät sminau vä
pürva-ädibhyaù (païc b)—beginning with pürva; navabhyaù (païc b)—after the nine; smätsminau (prath d)—smät and smin; vä—optionally.
After the nine words beginning with pürva, smät and smin are optional.
I) pürva+ [ì]as[i] Ö (two forms by 220):
a) (213) pürva+ smät Ö pürvasmät
b) (102) pürva+ ät Ö pürvät
pürva+ [ì]i Ö (two forms by 220):
a) (213) pürva+ smin Ö pürvasmin
b) pürva+ i Ö pürve
pürvaù
pürvau
pürve / purväù
pürvam
”
pürvan
pürveëa
pürväbhyäm
pürvaiù
pürvasmai
”
pürvebhyaù
pürvasmät / pürvät
”
”
pürvasya
pürvayoù
pürveñäm
pürvasmin / pürve
”
pürveñu
pürva
pürvau
pürve / purväù
II) ubha (both) is declined only in dvi-vacanam; yet ubhaya (both, pair) is declined in eka- and
bahu-vacanam only.
a) ubha
dvivacanam
ubhau
”
ubhäbhyäm
”
”
ubhayoù
”
ubhau
b) ubhaya
ekavacanam
ubhayaù
ubhayam
ubhayena
ubhayasmai
ubhayasmät
ubhayasya
ubhayasmin
ubhaya
bahuvacanam
ubhaye
ubhayän
ubhayaiù
ubhayebhyaù
”
ubhayeñäm
ubhayeñu
ubhaye
221
Pa[QaMacrMaTaYaaYaaLPaaÖR k-iTaPaYaNaeMaa" k*-Z<aNaaMaaiNa JaiSa va ))221))
prathama-carama-tayäyälpärddha-katipaya-nemäù
kåñëanämäni jasi vä
prathama-carama-taya-aya-alpa-arddha-katipaya-nemäù (prath b)—the words prathama
(first), carama (last), suffixes taya and aya, the words alpa (little), arddha (half), katipaya
(some) and nema (half); kåñëa-nämäni (prath b)—Kåñëa-nämas; jasi (sap e)—before [j]as;
vä—optional.
Prathama, carama, words ending with the suffix taya and aya, and also alpa, ardha, katipaya
and nema are optionally declined as Kåñëa-näma before [j]as.
I) Ex: prathama
prathama+ [j]as Ö (two forms by 221):
a) (212) prathama+ [ç]é Ö prathame
b) prathama+ as Ö prathamäù
222
TadaidSaáaNaaMSa&SaarSYaaraMa" SvadaE, dSYa c Ma", TadadeSTa" Sa" SaaE ))222))
tad-ädi-saptänäà saàsärasyä-rämaù sv-ädau, dasya ca maù,
tad-ädes taù saù sau
tad-ädi-saptänäm (ñañ b)—of the seven tadädis (tad, yad, etad, idam, adas, eka, dvi);
saàsärasya (ñañ e)—of the saàsära; a-rämaù (prath e)—a-Räma; svädau (sap e)—before the
svädis; dasya (ñañ e)—of da-Räma; ca—and; maù (prath e)—ma-Räma; tad-ädeù (ñañ e)—of
the tadädis; taù (prath e)—ta-Räma; saù (prath e)—sa-Räma; sau (sap e)—before s[u].
Before the svädis, the saàsära of the tadädis change to a, d to m, and before s[u], t to s.
I) This sütra has three steps:
a) The saàsära of tad, yad, etad, idam, adas, eka, dvi changes to a Ö ta, ya, eta, ida, ada, eka,
dva.
b) d changes to m (except for dva, by 230) Ö ta, ya, eta, ima, ama, eka, dva.
c) t changes to s, before s[u]:
1) tad+ s[u] Ö ta+ s[u] Ö sa+ s[u] Ö saù
2) etad+ s[u] Ö eta+ s[u] Ö esa+ s[u] Ö (107) eñaù
II) tad (m)
saù
(he)
tau
(they two)
te
tam
(him)
”
(two of them)
tän
tena
(by him)
täbhyäm (by them two
taiù
tasmai (to him)
”
(to them two )
tebhyaù
tasmät (from him)
”
(from them two)
”
tasya (of him)
tayoù
(of them two)
teñäm
tasmin (in him)
”
(in them two)
teñu
(There is no sambodhana for these pronouns).
III) yad (m)
yaù
yau
ye
yam
”
yän
yena
yäbhyäm
yaiù
yasmai
”
yebhyaù
yasmät
”
”
yasya
yayoù
yeñäm
yasmin
”
yeñu
(they)
(them)
(by them)
(to them)
(from them)
(of them)
(in them)
222a 1
WTaiddMaaereNa" k-iQaTa ANauk-QaNae iÜTaqYaa$=aESSau"
etad-idamor enaù kathitänukathane dvitéyä-öaussu
etad-idamoù (ñañ d)—of the words etad and idam; enaù (prath s)—the replacement ena;
kathita-anukathane (sap e) —in repeating something which has been already stated; dvitéyä-öäossu (sap b) —before dvitéyä, [ö]ä and os.
1
Båhat 336
Etad and idam are replaced by ena in dvitéyä and before [ö]ä and os, when there is repetition
of these Kåñëa-nämas.
eñaù
etam (enam)
etena (enena)
etasmai
etasmät
etasya
etasmin
etau
etau (enau)
etäbhyäm
”
”
etayoù (enayoù)
”
”
ete
etän (enän)
etaiù
etebhyaù
”
eteñäm
eteñu
223
wdMaae_YaMSaaE, wYaNa( Tau l/+MYaaM) ))223))
idamo 'yaà sau, iyan tu lakñmyäm
idamaù (ñañ e)— of idam; ayam (prath e)—the word ayam; sau (sap e)—before s[u]; iyam
(prath e)—the word iyam; tu—but; lakñmyäm (sap b)—in Lakñmé-liìga.
Before s[u], idam changes to ayam in Puruñottama-liìga and to iyam in Lakñmé-liìga.
I) idam+ s[u] Ö (223) ayam+ s[u] Ö (138) ayam
idam+ au Ö (222) ima+ au Ö imau
idam+ [j]as Ö (222) ima+ [j]as Ö (212) ima+ [ç]é Ö ime
224
wdMaae_k-raMaSYaNaíaESaae" ))224))
idamo 'ka-rämasya anañ öausoù
idamaù (ñañ e)—of idam; a-ka-rämasya (ñañ e)—not having ka-Räma (of the affix ak—see
sütra 232); anaù (prath e)—the replacement ana; öä-osoù (sap d)—before [ö]ä or os.
Idam is replaced by ana before [ö]ä and os (provided the affix ak is not applied).
I) idam+ [ö]ä Ö (224) ana+ [ö]ä Ö (97) ana+ ina Ö anena
idam+ os Ö (224) ana+ os Ö (104) ane+ os Ö (51) anay+ os Ö anayoù
225
vEZ<ave TvXa( ))225))
vaiñëave tv aç
vaiñëave (sap e)—before Vaiñëava; tu—but; aç—the replacement a[ç].
And before a Vaiñëava, idam is replaced by a[ç].
I)Anubandha [ç] indicates that the whole word is replaced.
II) idam+ bhyäm Ö (225) a[ç]+ bhyäm Ö (98) äbhyäm
idam+ [ì]e Ö (213) idam+ smai Ö (225) a[ç]+ smai Ö asmai
idam+ [ì]as[i] Ö (213) idam+ smät Ö (225) a[ç]+ smät Ö asmät
idam+ [ì]as Ö (225) a[ç]+ [ì]as Ö (103) a[ç]+ sya Ö asya
idam+ [ì]i Ö (213) idam+ smin Ö (225) a[ç]+ smin Ö asmin
idam+ äm Ö (214) idam+ s[uö]. äm Ö (225) a[ç]+ säm Ö (101) esäm Ö (107) eñäm
idam+ su[p] Ö (225) a[ç]+ su Ö (101) esu Ö (107) eñu
226
wdMadae>YaaMak-raMaa>Yaa& NaESa( ))226))
idam-adobhyäm a-ka-rämäbhyäà nais
idam-adobhyäm (païc d)—after idam and adas; a-ka-rämäbhyäm (païc d)—not having kaRäma; na—not; ais—replacement ais.
In the declention of idam and adas, bhis is not replaced by ais (provided the affix ak is not
applied).
I) idam+ bhis Ö (225) a[ç]+ bhis Ö (226,101) e+ bhis Ö ebhiù
II) idam
ayam
imau
imam
”
anena
äbhyäm
asmai
”
asmät
”
asya
anayoù
asmin
”
ime
imän
ebhiù
ebhyaù
”
eñäm
eñu
227
AdSaae dSYa Sa" SaaE, SaaeraEc( ))227))
adaso dasya saù sau, sor auc
adasaù (ñañ e)—of adas; dasya (ñañ e)—of da-Räma; saù (prath e)—sa-Räma; sau (sap e)—
before s[u]; soù (ñañ e)—of s[u]; auc—the replacement au[c].
Before s[u], d of adas changes to s, and s[u] to au[c].
I) adas+ s[u] Ö (222/ 227) asa+ au[c] Ö asau
228
AdaeMaaTParSYa SaveRìrSYa o O YaQaeíiSaiÖ" ))228))
ado-mät parasya sarveçvarasya u ü yatheñöa-siddhiù
adaù-mät (païc e)—after ma-Räma (in the declension of adas); parasya (ñañ e)—of the next;
sarveçvarasya (ñañ e)— of Sarveçvara; u ü—u- and ü-Räma; yathä-iñöa—as corresponding (to
Vämana or Trivikrama); siddhiù (prath e)—final result.
The Sarveçvara that comes after m in the declension of adas changes to u or ü, depending
whether such Sarveçvara is Vämana or Trivikrama.
I) adas+ au Ö (222) ama+ au Ö amau Ö (228) amüi
i
(Caturvyüha is considered Trivikrama, by 170).
229
AdSa WTa wR bhuTve, Na Tau k-aTa( ))229))
adasa eta é bahutve, na tu kät
adasaù (ñañ e)—of adas; etaù (païc e)—after e-Räma; é—é-Räma; bahutve (sap e)—in
bahuvacanam; na—not; tu—but; kät—(païc e)—after ka-Räma of the affix ak.
When adas is declined in bahuvacanam, e changes to é (but not if k is included).
I) adas+ [j]as Ö (222,212) ama+ [ç]é Ö ame Ö (229) amé
adas+ am Ö (222) ama+ am Ö (94) amam Ö (228) amum
adas+ [ç]as Ö (222) ama+ as Ö (94,95) amän Ö (228) amün
adas+ [ö]ä Ö (222) ama+ [ö]ä Ö (228) amui+ [ö]ä Ö (119) amu+ nä Ö amunä
i
(After [ö]ä, the change to u is applied before the application of the Viñëubhakti, and the world
becomes Hari-saàjïa).
adas+ bhyäm Ö [(222) ama Ö (98) amä Ö (228) amü]+ bhyäm Ö amübhyäm
adas+ bhis Ö (222,226) ama+ bhis Ö (101) ame+ bhis Ö (229) amébhiù
adas+ [ì]e Ö (222,213) ama+ smai Ö (228) amusmai Ö (107) amuñmai
adas+ [ì]as[i] Ö (222,213) ama+ smät Ö (228,107) amuñmät
adas+ [ì]as Ö (222) ama+ [ì]as Ö (102) ama+ sya Ö (228,107) amuñya
adas+ os Ö (222) ama+ os Ö (104) ame+ os Ö (51) amayos Ö (228) amuyoù
adas+ äm Ö (222) ama+ äm Ö (214) ama+ s[uö]. äm Ö (101) ame+ säm Ö
(229) amésäm Ö (107) améñäm
adas+ [ì]i Ö (222,213) ama+ smin Ö (228,107) amuñmin
adas+ su[p] Ö {(222) ama Ö (101) ame Ö (229) amé}+ su[p] Ö (107) améñu
asau
amü
amé
amum
”
amün
amunä
amübhyäm
amébhiù
amuñmai
”
amébhyaù
amuñmät
”
”
amuñya
amuyoù
améñäm
amuñmin
”
améñu
(Another for of amuñmät is amutaù, and of amuñmin is amutra).
230
Na ÜeMaR" ))230))
na dver maù
na—not; dveù (ñañ e)—of dvi; maù (prath e)—ma-Räma.
D of dvi does not change to m.
I) This sütra modifies 222.
II)
a) eka
ekavacanam
ekaù
ekam
ekena
ekasmai
ekasmät
ekasya
ekasmin
b) dvi
dvivacanam
dvau
”
dväbhyäm
”
”
dvayoù
”
231
YauZMadSMadaeSTvMahMaadYa" SvaidNaa Sah ))231))
yuñmad-asmados tvam-aham-ädayaù sv-ädinä saha
yuñmad-asmadoù (ñañ d)—of yuñmad and asmad; tvam-aham-ädayaù (prath b)—the words
tvam, aham, etc. ; svädinä (tåt e)—along with svädis; saha—together.
The declension of yuñmad and asmad begins with tvam and aham respectively.
I) yuñmad (m)
tvam
”
yuväm
”
yüyam
yuñmän
tvayä
tubhyam
tvat
tava
tvayi
yuväbhyäm
”
”
yuvayoù
”
yuñmäbhiù
yuñmäbhyam
yuñmat
yuñmäkam
yuñmäsu
aham
mäm
mayä
mahyam
mat
mama
mayi
äväm
”
äväbhyäm
”
”
ävayoù
”
vayam
asmän
asmäbhiù
asmabhyaà
asmat
asmäkam
asmäsu
II) asmad (m)
232
ANaYaaeivRZ<auPadTve SaTYaev Sa&SaaraTPaUvRMaKPa[TYaYa" ))232))
anayor viñëupadatve saty eva saàsärät pürvam ak-pratyayaù
anayoù (ñañ d)—of these two; viñëupadatve (sap e)—in the condition of Viñëupada; sati (sap
e)—when there is; eva—only; saàsärät (païc e)— saàsära; pürvam—before; ak-pratyayaù
(prath e)—the affix ak (used in the sense of diminutive or endearment)
If ak is applied in the declension of yuñmad and asmad, it is inserted just before the saàsära.
I) Examples:
tvam+ ak Ö (232) tv. ak. am Ö tvakam
aham+ ak Ö (232) ah. ak. am Ö ahakam
Similarly : yuvakän, yuyakam, äväkäm, vayakam
II) From Båhat 342, våtti:
kintu tri-sarveçvaratve madhya-sarveçvarät pürvam ak
“If the declined word has three Sarveçvaras, ak is inserted before the second one.”
Ex: yuväbhyäm+ ak Ö (232a) yuv. ak. äbhyäm Ö yuvakäbhyäm
äväbhyäm+ ak Ö (232a) äv. ak. äbhyäm Ö ävakäbhyäm
Similarly : yuñmakäbhiù, yuñmakäkam, yuñmakäsu; asmakäbhiù, asmakäbhyäm, asmakäkam,
asmakäsu.
233
YauZMaaNa( YauZMa>Ya&YauZMaak-iMaTYa( WzaMvS,
ASMaaNaSMa>YaMa( ASMaak-iMaTYaezaMNaSa( ))233))
yuñmän yuñmabhyaà-yuñmäkam ity eñäà vas,
asmän-asmabhyaà-asmäkam ity eñäà nas
yuñmän-yuñmabhyaà-yuñmäkam iti—yuñmän, yuñmabhyam and yuñmäkam; eñäm (ñañ b)—of
these; vas—the replacement vas; asmän-asmabhyam-asmäkam iti—asmän, asmabhyam and
asmäkam; eñäm (ñañ b)—of these; nas—the replacement nas.
Yuñmad, yuñmabhyam and yuñmäkam can be replaced by vas. Asmän, asmabhyam and
asmäkam can be replaced by nas.
I) This replacement is not used in the beginning of a sentence. It can come in the middle of a
sentence, and it is compulsory when the Kåñëa-näma is used more than once.
234
Tau>YaMTavYaaeSTae MaùMa( MaMaYaaeMaeR ))234))
tubhyam-tavayos te mahyaà-mamayor me
tubhyam-tavayoù (ñañ d)—tubhyam and tava; te—the replacement te; mahyam-mamayoù (ñañ
d)—mahyam and mama; me—the replacement me.
Tubhyam and tava can be replaced by te, and mahyam and mama can be replaced by me.
235
Tva& Maa& Tva Maa ))235))
tväà mäà tvä mä
tväm mäm—tväm and mäm; tvä mä—the replacements tvä and mä.
Tväm can be replaced by tvä and mäm by mä.
236
YauZMadSMaiÜZ<auPadYaaevaRMa( NaaE, iÜiTaYaacTauQaszïq iÜTve,
Na Tau SaMaaSae ))236))
yuñmad-asmad-viñëupadayor väà nau, dvitéyä-caturthé-ñañöhé dvitve,
na tu samäse
yuñmad-asmad-viñëupadayoù (ñañ d)—of the declined forms of yuñmad and asmad; väm nau—
the replacements väm and nau; dvitéyä-caturthé-ñañöhé—dvitéyä, caturthé and Ñañöhé; dvitve (sap
e)—in dvivacanam; na—not; samäse (sap e)—in samäsa.
Yuñmad and asmad in dvit d, cat d and ñañ d can be replaced by väm and nau respectively,
but not in samäsa
I) yuñmad (m)
tvam
tväm
tvayä
tubhyam
tvat
tava
tvayi
II) asmad (m)
aham
mäm
mayä
mahyam
mat
mama
mayi
tvä
te
te
mä
me
me
yuväm
”
yuväbhyäm
”
”
yuvayoù
”
väà
väà
väà
äväm
”
äväbhyäm
”
”
ävayoù
”
nau
nau
nau
yüyam
yuñmän
yuñmäbhiù
yuñmabhyam
yuñmat
yuñmäkam
yuñmäsu
vayam
asmän
asmäbhiù
asmabhyam
asmat
asmäkam
asmäsu
vaù
vaù
vaù
naù
naù
naù
237
ik-Ma" k-ae ivZ<au>a¢-aE Saak-SYaaiPa ))237))
kimaù ko viñëubhaktau säk-asyäpi
kimaù (ñañ e)—of kim; kaù (prath e)—the replacement ka; viñëubhaktau (sap e)—before any
Viñëubhakti; sa-ak—along with ak; asya (ñañ e)—of this; api—even.
Kim is replaced by ka before the Viñëubhaktis, even if the particle ak is present.
I) Once the interrogative kim is replaced by ka, it is declined like sarva.
II) kim (m)
kaù
kau
ke
kam
kena
kasmai
kasmät
kasya
kasmin
”
käbhyäm
”
”
kayoù
”
kän
kaiù
kebhyaù
”
keñäm
keñu
Kåñëa-näma Lakñmé-liìga
237a
k*-ZNaadaPa(
kåñnäd äp
kåñëät (païc e)—after Kåñëa-saàjïa; äp—the suffix ä[p] (used to form Lakñmé-liìga).
Kåñëa-saàjïa forms Lakñmé-liìga by changing its final a to Trivikrama.
I) This sütra is taken from the Taddhita section.
I) Ex: sarvä
sarvä+ s[u] Ö (138) sarvä
sarvä+ au Ö (143) sarvä+ é Ö (41) sarve
sarvä+ [j]as Ö sarvä+ as Ö sarväù
sarvä+ am Ö (94) sarvä+ m Ö sarväm
sarvä+ [ç]as Ö (94,95) sarväù
sarvä+ [ö]ä Ö (144) sarve+ ä Ö sarvayä
sarvä+ os Ö (144) sarve+ os Ö sarvayoù
sarvä+ äm Ö (214) sarvä+ s[uö]. äm Ö sarväsäm
sarvä+ Buddha Ö (144) sarve+ s[u] Ö (109) sarve
238
k*-Z<aNaaMaraDaaTa" SYaaPv*iZ<azu, PaUvRSYa c vaMaNa" ))238))
kåñëanäma-rädhätaù syäp våñëiñu, pürvasya ca vämanaù
kåñëanäma-rädhätaù (païc e)—after Kåñëa-näma-Rädhä; syäp—the particle syä[p]; våñëiñu
(sap e)—before Våñëis; pürvasya (ñañ e)—of the preceding letter; ca—and; vämanaù (prath
e)—Vämana.
After Kåñëa-näma-Rädhä, syä[p] is inserted before Våñëis and the preceding letter becomes
Vämana.
I) sarvä+ [ì]e Ö (238) sarva. syä[p]+ [ì]e Ö sarvasyä+e Ö (45) sarvasyai
sarvä+ [ì]as[i] (or[ì]as) Ö (238) sarva. syä[p]+ as Ö sarvasyä+ as Ö sarvasyäù
sarvä+ [ì]i Ö (238) sarva. syä[p]+ [ì]i Ö (134) sarvasyä+ äm Ö sarvasyäm
sarvä
sarväm
sarvayä
sarvasyai
sarvasyäù
sarvasyäù
sarvasyäm
sarve
II) svä
Sarve
”
sarväbhyäm
”
”
Sarvayoù
”
Sarve
Sarväù
”
Sarväbhiù
Sarväbhyaù
”
Sarväsäm
Sarväsu
Sarväù
svä
sväm
svayä
svasyai
svasyäù
svasyäù
svasyäm
Sve
”
Sväbhyäm
”
”
Svayoù
”
Sväù
”
Sväbhiù
Sväbhyaù
”
Sväsäm
Sväsu
sä
täm
tayä
tasyai
tasyäù
”
tasyäm
te
”
täbhyäm
”
”
tayoù
”
Täù
”
Täbhiù
Täbhyaù
”
Täsäm
Täsu
III) tad (f)
IV) yad (f)
yä
yäm
yayä
yasyai
yasyäù
”
yasyäm
ye
”
yäbhyäm
”
”
yayoù
”
Yäù
”
Yäbhiù
Yäbhyaù
”
Yäsäm
Yäsu
ete
ete / ene
etäbhyäm
”
”
etayoù / enayoù
”
”
Etäù
etäù / enäù
Etäbhiù
Etäbhyaù
”
Etäsäm
Etäsu
V) etad (f)
eñä
etäm / enäm
etayä / enayä
etasyai
etasyäù
”
etasyäm
VI) idam (f)
iyam
imäm
anayä
asyai
asyäù
”
asyäm
ime
”
äbhyäm
”
”
anayoù
”
Imäù
”
Äbhiù
Äbhyaù
”
Äsäm
Äsu
asau
amum
amuyä
amuñyai
amü
”
amübhyäm
”
Amüù
”
Amübhiù
Amübhyaù
VII) adas (f)
amuñyäù
amuñyäù
amuñyäm
”
amuyoù
”
”
Amüñäm
Amüñu
kä
käm
kayä
kasyai
kasyäù
kasyäù
kasyäm
ke
”
käbhyäm
”
”
kayoù
”
Käù
”
Käbhiù
Käbhyaù
”
Käsäm
Käsu
VIII) kim (f)
IX) eka (f) and dvi (f)
ekavacanam
ekä
ekäm
ekayä
ekasyai
ekasyäù
ekasyäù
ekasyäm
dvivacanam
dve
”
dväbhyäm
”
”
dvayoù
”
Kåñëa-näma Brahma-liìga
I) The declention of Kåñëa-nämas Brahma-liìga is the same as Puruñottam-liìga, except in
prathamä and dvitéyä. The Kåñëa-näma-Kåñëa is declined like gokula.
II) sarva (n)
sarva+ s[u] Ö (154) sarva+ am Ö (94) sarva+ m Ö sarvam
sarva+ au Ö (143) sarva+ é Ö sarve
sarva+ [j]as Ö (155) sarva+ [ç]i Ö (156,157) sarva. n[um]+[ç]i Ö sarvan+ [ç]i Ö
(160) sarvän+ i Ö (110) sarväëi
prath / dvit
sarvam
sarve
sarväëi
III) pürva (n)
pürvam
pürve
pürväëi
IV) tad (n)
tad+ s[u] Ö (163) tad Ö (180) tat
tad+ au Ö (222) ta+ au Ö (143) ta+ é Ö te
tad+ [j]as Ö (222) ta+ [j]as Ö (155) ta+ [ç]i Ö (156,157) ta. n[um]+ [ç]i Ö
(160) tän+ i Ö täni
tat
te
täni
V) yad (n)
yat
ye
yäni
etat
ete
etäni
idam
ime
imäni
adaù
amü
amüni
VI) etad (n)
VII) idam (n)
VIII) adas (n)
IX) kim (n)
kim
ke
käni
X) eka (n) and dvi (n)
ekam
dve
239
ANYaaid>YaSTauk( SvMaaeb]Røi<a ))239))
anyädibhyas tuk sv-amor brahmaëi
anya-ädibhyaù (païc b)—after the words anya, etc. .; tuk—the particle t[uk]; su-amoù (sap
d)—before s[u] and am; brahmaëi (sap e)—in Brahma-liìga.
In Brahma-liìga, after anya, etc. t[uk] is applied before s[u] and am.
I) This sütra applies to the eleven words after anya (except ekatara) as given under sütra 211,
namely _ anya, anyatra, tatara, tatama, yatara, yatama, katara, katama, ekatama, itara.
II) anya
anya+ s[u] Ö (239) anya. t[uk]+ s[u] Ö anyat+ s[u] Ö (163) anyat
anya+ au Ö (143) anya+ é Ö anye
anya+ [j]as Ö (155) anya+ [ç]i Ö (156,157) anya. n[um]+ [ç]i Ö (160) anyän+ i Ö anyäni
anyat
anye
anyäni
240
AVYaYaaTSvadeMaRhahr"Ya ))240))
avyayät sväder mahä-haraù
avyayät (païc e)—after any avyaya (indeclinable); sväder (ñañ e)—of the svädis; mahä-haraù
(prath e)—Mahä-Hara.
After any avyaya all the svädis are Mahä-Hara.
a (abhäva-bheda-aprädhänya-éñat-sädåçya-virodhärtheñu)—non-existence; difference; not
principal; little; like; opposite
akasmät (akäraëät, hathät)—accidentaly; suddenly
agratas (prathame, sammukhe)—in front of; before
aghos (sambodhane)—vocative of repudiation (e.g. ‘O sinful rascal’)
aìga (sambodhane)—vocative of endearment (e.g. ‘O beloved one’)
acirät (çéghram)—quickly
aïjasä (çighram, satyam)—quickly, easily; correctly, truly
adhunä (idäném)—now
anu (paçcät, lakñékåtya)—after; aiming at
anupadam (tad-anantaram)—after
antatas (çeñärthe, nyünärthe)—finally; in the lowest way, in the cheapest way
antar (madhye, çeñe, antaù-karaëe ca)—between, among; in, inside, internally
antara (vyatirekeëa, madhye)—otherwise, on the contrary; between, among
antareëa (vinä)—without, except
anyat (anya-prakäraù)—besides, on the other way
anyataredyus (dvayor madhye eka-dine)—(in) every other day
anyatas (anyatra, anya-prakäreëa —elsewhere; otherwise
anyatra (anya-sthäne, anya-viñaye)—elsewhere (in another place); on the other hand (on
another subject)
anyathä (anyena prakäreëa)—otherwise
anyadä (anyasmin samaye)—at another time
anyedhyus, aparedhyus (apara-dine)—(on) another day
abhi (prati)—towards
abhitas (sarvasyäm diçi, samépe)—in every direction, all around; near
amä (saha, candra-kaläyäm)—with; lunar phase
amutra (para-loke)—in the other world, after death
aööaööa (ucca çabde)—in a loud sound, loudly
atas (ataeva)—therefore
ati (adhikam)—more
atéva (atiñayam, adhikam)—extremely; more
atra (asmin)— here (in this), now
atha, atho (maìgalänantarärambha-praçana-kärtsnyärtheñu)—‘now’ in the sense of:
auspiciousness; thereafter; begining; question; in full, conclusively
athakim (svékäre)—expression of acceptance: yes
asmim (aham-arthe)—I
ahaha, ahahä (khede, äçcarye ca)—exclamation of lamentation or wonder
ahe (sambodhane)—vocative of reproach or regret
aho (äçcarye)—interjection of amazement
aho bata (açcarye, karuëye)—interjection of kindness, compassion, pity
ahnäya (çéghram, tat-kñaëät)—quickly; instantly
addhä (satyam, yathärtham)—correctly, true; properly
adya (adya, idäném)—today; now
adharät, adhareëa (nécärthe)—lowly (humbly), repectfully
adhas, adhastät (nécärthe)—down (in a lower place), bellow
ayi (komala-sambodhane, praçne ca)—vocative of tender calling; interjection of question
aye (sambodhane, smaraëe ca)—vocative of calling; expression of recalling
are, are re (néca-sabodhane)—vocative for an inferior person
arväk, arväc (pürve, pascät vakrärthe ca)—before; after; indirectly, crookedly, across.
alam (vyartha-samarthayoù)—useless; able (in both meanings can be translated as ‘enough’)
avaçyam (niçcaye)—definitely, certainly
asi (tvam-arthe)—you
astam (adarçane, näçe)—expression of desapearance; destruction
asti (bhavaty-arthe, tiñöhaty-arthe ca)—being, existing; present
astu (bhavatu)—let it be
ä (smaraëe, svékäre, paryäntarthe ca)—particle of recollection, acceptance and limit
äù (viraktau péòäyaà ca)— interjection of disaffection and pain
ärät (düre, samépe)—far; near
ävis (prakaçe)—particle meaning manifestation, appearance
äho, ähosvit (sandehe, praçne)—interjections of doubt or question
i (khede, kope ca)— interjection of grief or anger
itas (tataù, atra)—from here; here
itas tataù (atra tatra)—here and there
itaredyus (anya-dene)—(on) another day
iti (idam-arthe, çeñe ataeva)—this, thus; etcetera; and therefore
itiha (paramparäyäm)—in paramparä, traditionally
ittham (anena prakäreëa)—in this way
idäném (adhunä)—now
iva (sadåçärthe, väkyälaìkäre)—like; väkya-alaìkära (rhetoric embellishment)
isa (khede, vismaye ca)— interjection of grief or amazement
iha (atra)—here
éñat (sv-alpe)—little, very little, slightly
udak (uttarasyäà diçi)—in the north direction (northern)
upajoñam, upayoñam (änande, santoñe ca)—blissfully‚ or satisfactorily
upari (ucca-sthäne)—up (on the upper place)
upaàçu (nirjane)—privately, secretly
ubhayatas (ubhayena prakäreëa)—in both ways, in both sides
ubhayedyus (ubhaya-dine)—in both days
um (krodhe, pratijïäyäà ca)—interj. of anger or promise, agreement
urari, uré, ururé, ürari, üré, üruré (svékäre)—particles of acceptance, consent
uñä, üñä (prätaù)—early morning
u (vitarke, päda-püraëe ca)—interj. of congecture, reflection; or päda-püraëa (completion of
poetic metric)
uccais, uccakais (ucce, adhike ca)—loudly; more
uta (saàçaye, samuccaye ca)—particle of doubt; or collectiveness, aggregation
utäho, utähosvit (praçne, vikalpe ca)—interjetions of doubt or option
uttaratas, uttarät, uttareëa (uttare)—northern
uttaredyus (para-dine)—(in) another day
ü (duùkhe)—particle of unhappiness
üm (garve, krodhe ca)—particle of pride or anger
ürdadhvam (upari)—up
åte (vinä)—without
e (smaraëe, sambodhane ca)—particle of recollection or calling
ekatra (eka-sthäne, saha-yogena)—in one place; together, simultaneous
ekadä (ekasmin samaye)—at one time, once
ekaikaçam (ekakrameëa)—one by one
etarhi (idänim, ataù käraëät)—no; because of, for this reason
eva (avadhäraëe)—particle of emphasis (certainly) or restriction (only)
evam (anena prakäreëa, sammatau ca)—in this way (thus, so); and expression of approval
ai (smaraëe, sambodhaëe)—particle of recollection or calling
aiñamas (asmin vatsare)—in this year
o (sambodhane, samaraëe ca)—particle of recollection or calling
om (praëave svékäre ca)—the praëava mantra; or a particle of acceptance, agreement
au (sambodhane)—vocative of calling
kadä (kasmin samaye)—at what time?, when?
kadäcana, kadäcit (kasmiàçcit samaye)—at any time
karhi, karhicit (kasmiàçcit samaye)—at any time
kaccit (praçne, icchä-prakäçe ca)—word to introduce a question (perhaps); or to reveal one’s
desire
kati (kiyati)—how many?
katham (kena prakäreëa)—in which way?, how?
kämam (yatheñöham, paryaptam)—as desired; enough
kià punar (vaktum adhikaà kim)—what else (is there) to say?
kià-va (athavä)—or
kiàsvit (sambhävanäyäm, vitarke ca)—possibly; or expression of reflection or congecture
kiïca (api ca)—besides, also
kiïcana, kiïcit (svalpe, kiyad aàçe ca)—little; to a certain degree
kintu (parantu)—but, however
kin nu (saàçaye)—expression of doubt
kim (kutsitärthe, praçne, vitarke ca)—what? (particle of criticism; question; or reflection)
kim iti (kim artham)—why?
kimu, kim uta (sambhävanäyäm, vitarke ca)—possibly; or interjection of reflection or
congecture
kila (niçcitärthe, aléke, sambhävanäyäm, värttäyäà ca)—expression of displeasure; pretension;
possibility; or facts
ku (kutsite, päpe, mande, amaìgale ca)—particle of contempt; repudiation; dullness, lazyness;
inauspiciosness
kutas (kasmät sthänät, kià nimittam)— from where? (from which place?); or why? (for what
reason?)
kutra (kasmin sthäne, kasmin viñaye)— where? (in which place?); or on which subject?
kutracit (kasmiàçcit sthäne)— somewhere (in some place)
kåtam (väraëärthe)—enough (in the sense of opposing)
kåte (nimittam)— for, because of (cause)
kramaçaù (para-para-krameëa)—from one to another, in sequence
kva (kutra)—where?
kvacana (kutra, kasmiàçcit samaye)—where? or when? (in which time?)
khalu (niçcaye, väkyälaìkäre)—indeed or väkya-alaìkära
caturdhä (catuù-käreëa)—in four ways; fourfold
ciram, cireëa, ciräya, ciraräträya, cirät, cirasya, cire (cira-kälam, bahu-kälam (vyäpya))—
continuously, since a remote time, for a long time
cet (yadi)—if
jätu (kadäcit)— at any time
jhoñam (tüñëém, sukhe ca)— silently; happily
jïaöiti (çéghram)— quickly
tat (tasmät, tan-nimittam)—after that (consequentely); for that reason (therefore)
tatas (tasmäd dhetoù, tad-anantaram)— therefore (for that cause); after that (consequentely)
tatra (tasmin sthäne)— there (in that place)
tathä (tena prakäreëa)— so (in that way)
tathähi (dåñöäntataù)— for example
tadä, tadäném (tasmin samaye)— then (at that time)
tarhi (tadä, tataù)— then; therefore, consequentely
tävat (säkalye, väkyälaìkäre, tat-parimite ca)— in total; väkya alaìkära; to that extent or
amount (so much, so many, so long)
tiras —aprakäçe, vakrärthe ca)— prefix meaning non manifestation or disappearance;
indirectly, across
tiryak (vakrärthe pärçve ca)— indirectly, across‚ on the side
tu (kintu, punaù)— but; again, also
tüñëém (maunini, sthire ca)— silently; fixed
triù (vära-trayam)— three times
tredä, traidam (tri-prakareëa)— in three ways, threefold
dakñiëatas, dakñiëät, dakñiëena (dakñiëasyäà diçi)— in the south direction (southern)
divä (dine)— during the day
diñöyä (bhägyena)— by good fortune, by destiny
duñöhu (ku, nindite)— same as ku (contempt; repudiation; dullness, lazyness; inauspiciosness);
and criticism
daivät (daiva krameëa)— by destiny
dräk (çéghram)— quickly
dvidhä, dvedhä (dvi-väram, dvi-prakäram)— two times; in two ways (twofold)
dhik (nindäyäm)— particle of reproach, criticism
na, naï (niñedhe)— particle of prohibition
naktam (rätrau)— at night, nocturnal
nacet (tan na sati)— not being so (otherwise)
namas (namaskäre, praëäme ca)— obeisances; reverence, salutation
navadhä (nava-prakäreëa)— in nine ways (ninefold)
navaçaù (navabhir navabhiù)— by groups of nine
nahi, nä (niñedha)— negation
nänä (bahu-vidheñu)— in many ways (manifold)
näma (äkhyäyäm, sambhävanäyäm, prakäçye ca)— namely; possibly; obviously
nästi (na bhavatéty-arthe)— not so (there is not, there are not)
nikañä (nikaöe)— near
nitaräm (avaçyam, atyantam)— definitely, indispensably; extremely
nityadä (sarvadä)— always
nécais, nécakais (nimne svalpe kñudre ca)— lowly, softly; very little, little; insignificantly
nu (sandehe vä aniçcaye)— particle of doubt; uncertainty
nünam (niçcaye, vitarke ca)— definitely; expression of reflection
no (niñedhe, na)— particle of prohibition; no
nocet (tan na sati)— otherwise (not being so)
nyak (néce, ghåëye ca)— particle meaning lowly or hatred
paräk (vakre, kuöilye)— indirectly, crookedly ; indirectly, dishonestly
paräsi (gata-vatsarät pürvam)— before last year
paritas (catur-dikñu)— all around, around (in the four directions)
parut, paredyavi, paredyus (para-dine)— (in) another day
paçcät (pare paçcime ca)— after; western
punaù punar (väraà väram, punaù punaù)— time and time again; again and again
punar (punaù, aprathame)— again; not the first time
puratas (sammukhe)— in front of, before
puras, purastät (sammukhe, prathame, pürvasyäà diçi ca)— in front of, before; first; in the
east direction (eastern)
purä (pürvasmin käle, nikaöe ca)— before (in a previous time); near
pürveëa (pürvasyäà diçi, pürva-käle ca)— eastern (in the east direction)‚ in a previous time
(before)
pürvedyus (pürva-dine)— yesterday (in the previous day)
påthak (bhinne)— separated, separatedly, individually
påñöhatäs (paçcäd bhäge)— behind (in the back)
prakämam (yatheñöam, yatheccham)— as desired; as wished
prage (pratyuñe)— towards day break, towards dawn
pratyak (paçcät, pürve, paçcime)— after; before; west
pratyaham (pratidinam)— every day
pratyuta (vaiparétye)— on the contrary, rather
prasahya (haöhät, bala-pürvakam)—violently; by force
präk (pürvam)— before
prätar (prabhate)— in the morning
prädus (vyaktärthe)— prefix meaning manifestation or appearance
pradhvam (änukülye)— prefix meaning ‘favorableness’
prayaçam (bahulya-rupeëa)— mostly, generally
prahëe (prabhäte)— in the morning
païcadhä (païcabhiù prakäraiù)— in five ways (fivefold)
para-çvas, paraù-çvas (ägamini tåtéya-dine)— day after tomorrow (lit. the coming third day)
pretya (para-loke, maraëa-käle ca)— in the other world; at the time after death
phaö (manträàça-viçeñe, astra-mantre, anukära-çabde ca)— a special syllable of a mantra; a
weapon-mantra; an onomatopoeic sound
bata (khede, vismaye, harñe ca)— expression of grief; amazement; joy
bahuçam (bahu-rüpeëa, bähulya-rüpeëa ca)— in many ways; mostly, generally
bhagos (sambodhane)— vocative of respect
bhüyas (bähulyena, väraà-väram)— in multiple way; time and time again
bhüri (bahulam, bahu)— various; many
bhüriças (bahu-väram, bahuçaù)— many times; in many ways, mostly, generally
bhåçam (atiçayam, bahu-väram)— exceedingly, exaggeratedly; many times
bho, bhos (sambodhane)— vocative of respect
maìkñu (çéghram, atiçayaà ca)— quickly; exceedingly
mat (madéyärthe)— my, mine
manäk (éñat)— little, slightly
mama (mamatäyäm)— expression of possessiveness (my, mine)
mä (niñedhe, nindäyäà ca)— particle of prohibition or criticism
mithas (parasparam, rahasi ca)— mutually; secretly
mithyä (niñphale, asatye ca)— fruitless, unsusscessfully; falsely
mudhä (våthä, niñphhale)— purposeless,useless, uselessly; fruitless, unsusscessfully
muhus (väraà väram)— time and time again
måñä (mithyä)— fruitless, unsusscessfully, falsely
yat, yatas (yasmäd dhetoù, yathä-vidhe ca)— since (‘for that cause, which’); such (of such
kind)
yatra (yasmin sthane)— where, as correlative of ‘there’ (‘in that place; which’)
yathä (yena prakäreëa, satye, anatikrame ca)— as (‘in that way; which’); truely, properly;
whitout transgressing
yathärham, yatätatham, yathäyatham, yathävat, yathäsvam (yathäyogye, yathärthe ca)— as it
is fit properly; in its true meaning or reality
yadä (yasmin samaye)— when, as correlative of ‘then’ (‘at that time; in which’)
yadi (sambhävanäyäm)— if
yävat (säkalye, paryante, parimaëe ca)— in total; up to the end; as much, as many, as long (‘to
that extent or amount; which’)
yugapat (eka-kälikam)— simultaneously
rahas (nirjane)— in seclusion, confidentially
re (sambodhane)— vocative of calling
vañaö, vauñaö (ähuti-mantre)— a mantra for giving oblations
vä (vikalpe, vitarke, samuccaye upamäyäm väkya-püraëe ca)— a particle to indicate: option
(or, optionally); reflection; collectiveness, aggregation (and); comparison; and väkya-püraëa
(completion of a sentence)
väòham (svékäre)— expression of acceptance (yes)
vidhivat (yathä-vidhi)— according to precept (properly)
vinä (vyatirekeëa)— expression of exclusion (without, except)
viçvak, viñvak (sarvatra, sarva-vyäpini)— everywhere; all-pervading
våthä (akäraëam)— purposeless, useless, uselessly
vata (khede, vismaye, harñe ca)— expression of grief; amazement; joy
varam (utkåñöe)— eminent, excelent
çanais (kramaçaù, alpe alpe ca)— gradually; little by little
çaçvat (nirantaram, väraà väram)— continously, permanently; time and time again
çäntam (nivåttam, väritam)— appeased, retired; restrained
çrat (çraddhäyäm)— expression of faith
çvas (ägämi-dine)— tomorrow (in the coming day)
saàvat (vatsare)— year
sakåd (eka-väram)— once
saträ (sahitam)— with
sadä (sarvadä)— always
sadyas (tat-kñaëe)— immediately (at that instant)
sapadi (çéghram, sahärthe ca)— quickly; with
samantatas (sarvataù)— on all sides, all around (from every side)
samantät (catur-dikñu, sarvataù)— in the four directions; all around
samam (saha, ekadä)— with; once
samayä (samépe)— near
samupayoñam (harñe, bhägye ca)— joyful, joyfully; fortunate, fortunately
samprati (adhunä)— now
samyak (satyam, sarvatobhävena, säkalyena)— truly, perfectly, really; whole-heartedly; totally
sarvatas (sarva-prakäreëa, sarvasyäà diçi)— in all ways; all around, everywhere (in all
directions)
sarvathä (sarva-prakäreëa)— in all ways
sarvadä (sarvasmin samaye)— always (at all time)
saha (samam)— with
sahasä (haöhät, atarkitam)— violently, precipitately; unthought of, all of a sudden
suciram (bahu-kälam)— for a long time
sutaräm (agatyä, avaçyam, atyantam)— necessary; definitely; extremely
suñöhu (uttamam)— excelent, good
sthäne (ucitam)— proper, properly
sma (atéte)— particle meaning past
svadhä (mantra-viçeñe)— a particular mantra
svayam (nijärthe, ätmävacchinne)— a kind of reflexive pronoun (like oneself, by oneself, in
oneself, himself, themselves, etc.), and also personally, spontaneously, in its own accord
svar (svarge)— svarga-loka (the heavenly planets)
svasti (çubhe, maìgale ca)— expression of good fortune; or auspiciousness
svähä (mantra-viçeñe)— a particular mantra (for giving oblations)
svit (praçne, vitarke, saàçaye ca)— particle of question; reflection or doubt
säkam (saha)— with
säkñät (pratyakñam)— directly, personally
säci— vakre, nate ca)— indirectly, crookedly; bent
sämi (kiyad-aàçe)— incomplete, incompletely
sämpratam (samprati, ucitam)— now; proper, properly
säyam (sandhyä-käle)— at twilight; at dusk
särdham (saha)— with
ha (sambodhane, päda-puraëe ca)— vocative of addressing; päda-puraëa
haàho (sambodhane)— vocative of calling
haïje (nécäà prati sambodhane)— vocative for an inferior person
haëòe (ceöéà prati sambodhane)— vocative for addressing a female of a lower class
hanta (khede, harñe ca)— expression of grief (Oh, no!) or joy (Oh, yes!)
halä (sakhéà prati sambodhane)— vocative for addressing a female friend
hä (viñäde, çoke, péòäyäà ca)— lamentation; sorrow; pain
hiruk (bhinne, madhye ca)— apart; in the middle
hihi, hé, héhé (häsye, ähläde, häsya-çabde ca)— expression of laughing; or jubilation; the sound
of laughing
hum, hüm (svékäre)— expression of acceptance
he, hehe, hai, ho (sambodhane)— vocative of calling
hyas (para-dine)— yesterday (the other day)