Increasing Resilience of Vulnerable Communities

Transcrição

WORLDVISIONINTERNATIONALͲMOZAMBIQUE
IncreasingResilienceofVulnerable
CommunitiesProject
FINALEVALUATION
R.Cumba&G.Muai
July2011
TABLEOFCONTENTS
I. Introduction......................................................................................1
II. Objectives.........................................................................................2
III. SurveyMethodology.........................................................................2
3.1
3.2
3.3
3.4
Studyarea........................................................................................................ 2 Quantitativeinformation ................................................................................ 3
Qualitativeinformation ................................................................................... 4
AnalyticalProcess ............................................................................................ 4
IV. Limitations........................................................................................1
V. Findings.............................................................................................1
5.1 CharacteristicsoftheHHs ............................................................................... 1
5.2 SocioEconomicConditionsandAccesstoBasicServicers ............................. 1
5.2.1 AssetOwnershipandAssetWealthCategories....................................... 1
5.2.2 AccesstoBasicServices ........................................................................... 3
5.2.3 LivestockOwnershipandManagement .................................................. 4
5.3 Agriculture ....................................................................................................... 5 5.3.1 LandTenureandAgriculturalPractices ................................................... 5
5.3.2 CultivationTechniques ............................................................................ 6
5.3.3 FoodCropsProduction ............................................................................ 8
5.3.4 VegetableProduction ............................................................................ 10
5.3.5 Agriculturestrategiesandaccesstoinputs ........................................... 11
5.4 MarketandPrices ......................................................................................... 13
5.5 FoodConsumption ........................................................................................ 14
5.6 RiskMitigationandCopingStrategies .......................................................... 16
5.6.1 RiskMitigation ....................................................................................... 16
1.1.1 CoppingStrategies ..................................................................................... 18
5.7 HumanitarianAssistance ............................................................................... 19
5.8 SummarybyDistrict ...................................................................................... 20
VI. Conclusionsandrecommendation...................................................24
Annex1:Beneficiarylifestory................................................................27
Annex2:HouseholdsQuestionnaire.......................................................29
Annex3:FocusGroupQuestionnaire.....................................................41
FinalEvaluationReport2011
I
Acronyms
Acronym
ADP
CAADP
CCM
CHS
CSB
CSI
CVM
GAV
GOM
GoM
Ha
ILRI
IRD
IRVC
Kg
mm
Mts
MTs
NGO
OFDA
OXFAM
PARPA
PDA
PEDSA
SETSAN
TA
USAID
WFP
WVI
WVM
WVUS
Description
AreaDevelopmentPrograms
ComprehensiveAfricaAgriculturalDevelopmentProgram
ChristianCouncilofMozambique
CommunityHouseholdSurveillance
CopingStrategyIndex
MozambiqueRedCross
VulnerabilityAssessmentGroup
GovernmentofMozambique
GovernmentofMozambique
Hectare(10,000m²)
InternationalLivestockResearchInstitute
InternationalNonGovernmentOrganization
IncreasingResilienceofVulnerableCommunities
Kilogram
Millimeters(rainfall)
Meticais.Unitofmoney
MetricTons(1000kg)
NonGovernmentOrganizations
OfficeofU.S.ForeignDisasterAssistance
InternationalNonGovernmentOrganization
ActionPlanfortheReductionofAbsolutePoverty
PersonalDigitalAssistance
PlanoEstrategicoparaodesenvolvimentodosectoragrário–2011–
2020(Nationalagriculturaldevelopmentstrategy2011Ͳ2020for
Mozambique)
FoodSecurityandNutritionSecretariat
TechnicalAdvisor(ExtensionOfficer)
USAAssistanceforInternationalDevelopment
WorldFoodProgrammer
WorldVisionInternational
WorldVisionMozambique
WorldVisionUnitesStatesofAmerica
II
I.
Introduction
According to the 2007 Census, 70% of the population in Mozambique lives in rural areas
being agriculture the main economic activity supporting HHs in terms of food and income
generation. Mozambique’s biggest post war challenge has been and will, for many years,
continue tobethefightagainstabsolute povertyinwhich 54.1%majority of its19 million
inhabitantslive.AnaggravatingfactorinthisrespectistherampantHIV&AIDSprevalence
thatthecountrycontinuestowitness.AccordingtoarecentHIV&AIDSUpdatebytheMoH
16 % of the country’s adult population are currently infected. Moreover many perfectly
preventableandtreatablediseasesarestillamongstthemaincauseofdeathofchildrenand
adultsinMozambique.
AnothermajorchallengefacedbyMozambiqueistheurgentneedforcommunitiestoequip
themselves to improve food security, due to poor culture practices but also, and perhaps
aboveall,adverseweatherconditions.Overthepasttwoyears,forinstance,over1million
peopleneededmultifacetedemergencyassistanceduedroughts,floodsandcyclones.Such
emergenciesbroughtonceagaintolightMozambique’svulnerabilitytonaturaldisastersand
demanded structural interventions to which the GOM and its national and international
partnersarefullycommitted.
OneofthelongestservingNGOorganizations–whoseheadofficeisinthecountry’scapital
MaputoͲWVͲMozhasbeenactivesince1983.WVͲMoz’sprogramswerethenfullygeared
to emergency and relief assistance, in particular to the thousands of internally displaced
people amongst who were children and women fleeing from the war and scattered along
thecountryandtheregion.
Atpresentupto3,5millionpeopleareinvolvedandbenefitingdirectlyandindirectlyinWVͲ
Moz’sholisticdevelopmentprograms.Projectsaredesignedwithcommunitymemberswho
are in reality the true beneficiaries and active participants of the programs and therefore
responsiblefortacklingtherootcausesofpoverty.
Grantfundedprogramsfocusingonagriculture,health&nutrition,HIV&AIDS,advocacyand
infrastructuredevelopmenthavebeencomplementedbytheintroductionofADPsin1998
fundedthroughChildSponsorship.Theintegrationofthesefundingsteamshasbroughtin
stability and long term commitment to WVͲMoz’s ministry to the poor and needy. Due to
thecountry’svulnerabilitytonaturaldisasters,WVͲMozhasretaineditscapacitytorespond
toemergenciesandcontinuedtobuildcapacityfordisastermitigation.Soaringfoodprices
and the floods of 2007/2008 combined to undermine already tenuous food access and
availability,particularlyinthecentralprovincesofZambezia,Sofala,TeteandManica.This
wasfollowedbyaprotracteddroughtin2008,whichpromptedtheGovernmenttodeclare
1
2008 “‘a drought year”. The resulting vulnerability assessment by FEWSNET revealed that
HHsinthesouthernandsemiͲaridareasofthecentralprovincesofZambezia,Tete,Maputo
andInhambaneweretheworsthitprovinces.
Additionally, belowͲaverage rainfall between October and December 2008 resulted in
insufficient available soil water resources and delayed seasonal cropping activities. This is
projected to negatively affect crop productivity and impact food security. The Community
andHouseholdSurvey(CHS,2008)showedthat31%ofdisasterͲaffectedHHsincentraland
southern Mozambique are food insecure and require emergency assistance to be able to
farm.
In this context, World Vision Moz received funds from the Office of U.S. Foreign Disaster
Assistance (OFDA) to increase resilience of vulnerable HHs and communities to food
insecurityandmalnutritionresultingfromdrought.
II.
Objectives
Themajorpurposeoftheevaluationistodetermineanddocumenttheimpactoftheproject
interventionsonbeneficiaries.Alsothisstudyaimstoprovideinformationontherelevance,
efficiency,effectivenessandsustainabilityofprojectinterventions:
Thespecificobjectivesoftheevaluationwereto:
x
Determineimpactoftheprojectdesignwithrespecttothecommunityneeds;
x
Documentinterventions(Assessthescopeofachievementoftheprojectagainstthe
setoutputs);
x
Analyze the relevance, analyze the efficiency, analyze the effectiveness, analyze
sustainability;
x
Assess adequacy and efficiency in planning, monitoring and reporting systems and
useofbothmaterialandfinancialresources;
x
Assess the impact of project interventions on the beneficiaries direct/indirect
beneficiaries;
x
Providespecificandpracticalrecommendationsanddocumentlessonstobeutilized
forfutureprogramming.
III.
SurveyMethodology
3.1 Studyarea
Theevaluationtookplacein4districtsofthreeprovincesnamely:
x
Sofalaprovince(Marromeu)
x
Teteprovince(Mutarara)
x
Zambéziaprovince(Mopeia,Morrumbala)
2
Figure1:Mapsofthetargetingdistrict
3.2 Quantitativeinformation
Tocollectthequantitativedata,thehouseholdquestionnaireitwasdoneand information
onhousehold’slivelihoodsandresiliencewerecollected.
Tocollectthatinformation,samplesizeofasamplesizearoundof468ofthetotaltargeted
population were reached randomly (See table 1 below). The PDA was used for data
collectionathouseholdlevel.
The indicators collected at household level were the same collected during the baseline
survey.
3
Table1:Samplingandselectedvillages
SelectedVillages
Districts
Administrativepost
Mopeia
Villages
Nzanza
MOPEIASEDE
MEGAZASEDE
Morrumbala
Chire
NHAMAIABUEECHARRE
Mutarara
INHAMGOMA
CHUPANGA
Marromeu
MARROMEUSEDE
#ofquestionnaires
byvillages
Villagescode
1
24
Nhamirere
Bras
4deOutubro
2
3
4
24
24
24
Valeta
Noere
5
6
24
24
Calanga
Magoca
7
8
24
24
Camanga
Sapinda
Gera
Campata/Magamba
9
10
11
12
24
24
24
24
Nota1/Nota2
Alface
Chivundira
13
14
15
24
24
24
MutararaVelha
Bawe
Ncanzo
Tcheia
16
17
18
19
24
24
24
24
Mapulango
Gombegombe
Nhangalamo
Chueza
20
21
22
23
24
24
24
24
3.3 Qualitativeinformation
In each community, the survey team organizes the focus groups involving the local
community leaders, religious leaders, health officials, public health workers, agricultural
extension officers, market traders, and representatives of the different socio economic
groupslivinginthearea.
3.4 AnalyticalProcess
ThedataobtainedweredownloadedfromPDAsandconvertedintoSPSSforanalysis.Data
analysis was done using the statistics package SPSS and the current information will be
comparedwiththeBaselineStudy.
Toanalyzethedata,fourmainanalyticalprocedureslistedbelowwereused:
(i)DescriptiveAnalyses–frequenciesandmeans
(ii)ComparisonAnalyses
(iii)ModelAnalyses–Regression
4
IV.
Limitations
OnthecourseoftheworktheteamhaddifficultiesinaccessingsomeAdministrative
Postsduetothepoliticalpressuresandcontrolfromthedistrictgovernments.The
otherconstraintwastheunavailabilityaltimeterswhichdidnotallowthecollection
ofanthropometricdata.
1
V.
Findings
5.1 CharacteristicsoftheHHs
TheaverageofageoftheheadsoftheHHsis43years,composedbyanaverageof
45 Years in Marromeu and 41 years in Morrumbala, 43 years in Mutarara and 41
yearsMopeia.Around66%oftheheadsoftheHHsinterviewedweremenand34
women.
Around 48% of the heads of the HHs have never studied and from these 58 are
women. From the total of the heads interviewed 46% can read and write in
Portuguese. Looking at the marital status, 80% of the heads are married and 11
widows,fromwhich93%arewomen.
Figure2:EducationLeveloftheHeadsoftheHHs
Attended
secondary
school,5%
Conmpleted
primary
education,11%
Attendedhigh
school,1%
Nine
(illiterate),48%
Attendedthe
primary
school,35%
Around85%oftheHHsinterviewedhavetheheadorhis/herspouseasmemberof
an association or social group, where 41% referred to bepart of a religiousgroup,
90%ofanassociationorfarmersassociation,36%ofaculturalgroupand40%ofthe
riskmanagementcommittees.
5.2 SocioEconomicConditionsandAccesstoBasicServicers
5.2.1 AssetOwnershipandAssetWealthCategories
WithregardtotheHHsassets,theVulnerabilityAssessmentCommittee(VAC)ofthe
Technical Secretariat for Food Security and Nutrition (SETSAN) and the WFP’s
Community Household Surveillance (CHS) classification system was used which is
basedonthenumberofdifferentgoodsthattheHHsown.
1
Wealth is the value of all natural, physical and financial assets owned by a
household,reducedbyitsliabilities.AssetWealthisacompositemeasuredefined
onthebasisofthenumberofdifferenttypesofproductiveand/ornonproductive
assetsownedbytheHHs.TheCHS/WFPandVAC/SETSANusesassetownershipasa
proxyindicatorofhouseholdwealth.
The assets are classified as productive and non productive and these, it can
constituteanimportantindicatoroftheworkingcapacityoftheHHsaswellasthe
resiliencecapacitytoshocks.
Thesurveycollecteddataonassetownershipfromeachhousehold(26assets,both
productive and nonͲproductive). The data was then analyzed considering whether
the HHs own that particular asset or not. The exercise led to the following HHs
groups:
x
PoorinassetsͲ0Ͳ4differenttypesofassets
x
MediuminassetsͲ5Ͳ9differenttypesofassets
x
RichinassetsͲ10ormoredifferenttypesofassets;
From the figure bellow, it can be observed that around 38% of the HHs are
consideredpoorinassets,46%aremediuminassetsandonly6%arerichinassets.
Inthiscontext,itcanbepredictedthattheHHshaveaweakresiliencetoshocks.
Figure3:Assetownership
2
The situation is very similar in
Table2:Assetownershipbydistrict
the districts looking at the
figures
%ofHouseholds
Districts
Mopeia
Morrumbala
Mutarara
Marromeu
below,
where
the
Poorin
assets
Medium
inassets
Richin
assets
majority of the HHs are
37%
38%
44%
32%
46%
49%
46%
40%
17%
13%
10%
28%
and a small part rich in assets.
considered medium in assets
This is due to the fact that one
of the criteria for beneficiary
selection was the vulnerability
oftheHHsandlowcapacity.
5.2.2 AccesstoBasicServices
Forthisanalysis,independentquestionsonthehouseholdaccesstodifferenttypes
ofservicesweremade.Thequestionsincludedwhethersuchservicesdidexistatthe
district,administrativepostorcommunitylevels.
Around87%oftheinterviewedHHsaffirmedtobeawareofthepresenceofWorld
Visionofficers,90%ofHHsawareonexistenceofschools,66%awareonpresenceof
INGCofficers,53%ofHHsawareonpresenceofgovernmentextensionserviceand
50%ofHHsinformedtohavefacilitatetoaccesstohealthservice.
Figure4:Basicservicesavailableontargetdistricts
Othertechnician
65%
WVisionTechnician
35%
13%
INGCExtension
87%
34%
Governmentextension
66%
47%
53%
Communitynewspapers
88%
Communityradio
69%
Financialinstitution
School
12%
31%
90%
10%
Healthcenter
10%
90%
50%
TV
50%
92%
0%
10%
20%
30%
40%
8%
50%
60%
70%
80%
90% 100%
%ofHHs
No
Yes
Inthesedistricts,thepresenceofextensionworkers,otherthanWorldVisionstaff,
was mentioned by 35% of the HHs and these extension workers are linked to
agricultural activities (mentioned by 67% HHs of the 35%), resources management
3
(49%),waterandsanitation(55%HHs),riskmanagementandmitigation(64%HHs)
andHIV(62%ofHHs).
Comparingtheabovewiththebaselineinformationit canbeconcludedthatthere
wasasignificantimprovementoftheassistancetotheHHs.Thebaselineinformation
indicatedthatonly33%ofHHswerereceivingsupportfromtheextensionworkers
onagricultureandnow67%ofHHsarereceivingthatsupport.Withregardtothe
managementofnatural resources,andsupport andwatersanitationonly22%and
33%ofHHsrespectivelywerereceivingsupportatthetimeofthebaseline.Atthe
moment, the percentage as gone up to 49 % and 55 % respectively. On the risk
managementandmitigation35%ofHHswereassistedbeforetheprojectandnow
thatfigureisgoingupto64%.
5.2.3 LivestockOwnershipandManagement
TheanimalhusbandryinthesedistrictsispredominantlypracticedinsmallͲscaleby
the family sector. Around 67 % of HHs own poultry (chickens), 27% of HHs own
goats,21%HHsownpigsandonly6%HHsarededicatedoncattlebreeding.
Districts are poor in animal husbandry infrastructures (“caricicida” tank and
slaughterhouses)astheexistingonesarenotoperational.Therearealsoproblemsof
lack of water sources for animals and the uncontrolled bush fires (affect the
development and consequently the availability of pasture for animals). Given that
these districts have a high potential for livestock production and given that the
climateconditionisfavorable,thereisaneedofactionstorecoverandexpandsuch
infrastructures.
4
Figure5:LivestockownershipbytheHHs
Cattle
94%
Sheep
6%
88%
Goats
12%
73%
Poultry
27%
33%
0%
20%
67%
40%
60%
80%
100%
%ofHHs
No
Yes
5.3 Agriculture
5.3.1 LandTenureandAgriculturalPractices
Agricultureconstitutesthemainstrategictoolforabsolutepovertyeradicationinthe
country and it constitutes an important activity area for the rural economy
development.Itisalsothemainsourceoffoodandincome,simultaneously,ofthe
majority of the Mozambican population. During the data analysis it was observed
thatthemainsourceoffoodfor97%oftheHHsisagriculture.Only1%dependson
formalemployment1.Comparingwiththebaseline,wherefoundthat90%ofHHs
depending on agriculture as source of income which leads to conclude that the
project focused on agriculture mainly helping in improving crop production and
diversification..
From the interviewed HHs only 74% referred to have arable land for agriculture,
whereonly22%ofHHshasarablelandforagriculturewithmorethan2ha,31%of
HHshasbetween1and2ha,35%ofHHshasbetween0.5and1haand13%ofHHs
haslessthan0.5ha.
Table3:AssetwealthandareaownedbyHHs
PoorinAssets
MediuminAssets
RichinAssets
<0.5
Between0.5
Between1
2haor+
ha
and1ha
and2ha
20%
43%
28%
9%
10%
32%
32%
27%
5%
25%
37%
33%
1
Byformalemploymentweunderstandtobeallemploymentunderalegalregulatoryframework
(laborpolicies)andcontributingwithtaxestotheSocialSecuritySystem.
5
Around31%oftheHHsreferrednotusingconservationagriculturepracticesintheir
fields. Nineteen percent referred to have applied conservation agriculture
techniquesinareasoflessthan0.5ha,23%referredtohaveusedinareasbetween
0.5and1haand15%inlessthan2ha.
Figure6:UseofconservationpracticesbyHHinthefield
Compared with the baseline information, where only 3% of HHs were applying
conservationagriculturetechniques,itwaspossibletonotethatmoreHHsarenow
applying this technique. Households apply conservation agriculture techniques in
around1,516hacomparedto533.17habaselineinformation.
Withregardtolandtenure,itcanbeobservedthat20%ofHHspoorinassetsare
thosewithlessland(lessthan0.5ha)andasmallgroupwithmorethan2ha(9%of
HHs).
5.3.2 CultivationTechniques
Lookingatthecultivationtechniquesorpractices,itwasobservedthatthemajority
of the HHs’ (84%) use Intercropping (mixing cereal with beans and cassava in the
same field), 69% of HHs does weed control and 60 % of HHs do planned fallow
ground.Smallfarmersnormallyaredependingonrainfedagricultureandarerelay
onintercroppingasaculturalheritage.
6
Figure7:ActivitiespracticedbytheHHs
Areaprotection
5%
Irrigation
14%
Useoforganicfertilizers
21%
Waterreservoir
24%
Seedsmultiplication
32%
Erosioncontrol
39%
Cuttingtrees
57%
Fallowland
60%
WeedsControl
69%
intercropping
84%
0%
10%
20%
30%
40%
50%
60%
70%
80%
90%
%ofHHs
Table4:Agriculturetechniques
Erosioncontrol
Seedsmultiplication
Areaprotection
Cuttingtrees
Weedcontrol
Fallowground
Intercropping
Waterharvesting
Irrigation
<0.5ha
34%
41%
25%
41%
31%
20%
33%
31%
20%
39%
0.5a1ha
40%
32%
42%
18%
38%
43%
39%
44%
37%
39%
1a2ha
20%
22%
30%
32%
24%
26%
25%
21%
31%
20%
2haor+
5%
5%
3%
9%
7%
11%
4%
4%
12%
2%
Itcanbeobservedinthetablebelowthattheconcentrationofthoseactivitieswas
observedinareasequalorlessthan2ha.Inprincipleallbeneficiariesoftheproject
are vulnerable HHs with less than 2 ha of arable land for agriculture activities and
this can be linked with the positive impacts of the projects on the target
communities.
Almost all the HHs interviewed were affirmative on whether they had received
trainingintheabovereferredtechniques.Howeveronlyfewapplythetechniquesin
their fields which lead to believe that there is a low monitoring from the
implementinginstitutions.
7
Figure8:TrainingsConductedwiththeHHs
Cuttingtrees
57%
43%
Intercropping
61%
39%
Controlweeds
66%
34%
Areaprotection
27%
73%
Fallowland
26%
74%
25%
75%
Irrigation
82%
18%
Watersotorage
13%
87%
Erosioncontrol
12%
88%
Seedsmultiplication
93%
7%
0%
10%
20%
30%
40%
50%
No
60%
70%
80%
90%
100%
Yes
5.3.3 FoodCropsProduction
Atthispointananalysisonthecerealsandpulsescultivatedwasmade.Thehighlight
goestothemaizewherearound94%ofHHshadcultivatedit,followedbysorghum
(58%ofHHs),millet(56%ofHHs)andpeanuts(53%ofHHs).Cassavaiscultivatedby
only49%oftheHHs,pigeonpea(45%ofHHs),cowpea(37%ofHHs)andsesame
27%oftheHHs.
Figure9:CerealsandpulsescultivatedbytheHHs
Soybeans
0%
Holocobeans
0%
Beans
6%
Orangesweetpotatoes
20%
Sesame
27%
Cowpea
37%
Pigeonpea
45%
Cassava
49%
Peanut
53%
Millet
56%
58%
Sorghun
Maize
94%
0%
10%
20%
30%
40%
50%
60%
70%
80%
90%
100%
%ofHHs
ItcanbeobservedinthetablebelowthattheHHsinareasequalorbelow1hahave
cultivated all the crops listed above except soybean. The HHs have opted on such
crops due to the strategies applied, which are related to crops diversification to
8
minimizethelossesattheendoftheagricultureseasonincaseofoccurrenceofany
shock.
Another relevant aspect is the production of orange sweet potatoes. Fifty four
percent (54 %) of the HHs with less than 0.5 ha cultivated orange sweet potatoes
(Table5).Thiscanbelinkedwiththeongoingcampaignsinthecommunitiesabout
the importance of orange sweet potatoes on improvement of their nutritional
status.
Table5:Cultivatedcrops
Maize
Holocobeans
Sesame
Soybean
Sorghun
Millet
Cassava
Orangesweetpotatoes
Peanut
Pigeonpea
Cowpea
Beans
<0.5ha
16%
100%
26%
0%
37%
39%
31%
54%
39%
28%
44%
46%
0.5Ͳ1ha
41%
0%
39%
0%
31%
26%
32%
21%
24%
33%
18%
35%
1Ͳ2ha
22%
0%
13%
100%
8%
3%
8%
3%
6%
11%
6%
4%
+2ha
21%
0%
22%
0%
24%
32%
29%
22%
32%
27%
32%
15%
Asforthecultivatedcerealsandpulsesinthesecondseason,theHHshavefocused
inmaizewherearound49%ofHHscultivatedit,followedbyorangesweetpotatoes
sorghum with 21%
Figure10:Cerealsandpulsesplantedinthesecondseason
of HHs and beans
with9%ofHHs.
Other
Beans
9%
important
aspects that need
tobeconsideredis
Orangesweetpotatoes
21%
the availability of
seeds for crops
Maize
production,
49%
the
0%
10%
20%
30%
40%
50%
%ofHHs
60%
figure
and
11
shows the main
sourcesof seeds in
the target districts.
It can be observed in the below figure that the HHs have obtained seeds for their
9
main crops from different sources. Thirty four (34%) percent obtained from their
ownproduction,32%ofHHsfromNGOs,whereWorldVisionisincludedand18%of
HHsfromthelocalstores.Itisimportanttomentionthat6%oftheHHsborrowthe
seedsfromtheirneighbors.
Figure11:SeedsprovidersforHHs
Ownproduction
34%
NGOs
32%
Localshops
18%
Neighbor
6%
Other
5%
Inputtradefair
3%
Agrarianhouse
1%
SDAE
0%
0%
5%
10%
15%
20%
25%
30%
35%
40%
%ofHHs
5.3.4 VegetableProduction
Becauseofthescarcityofthelowlandsforvegetableproduction,availabilityofseeds
in the market, weak demand and facilities for conservation, HHs limit their
productiontothelistedcropsinbellowfigure.
Lookingtothefigure12,itcanbeseenthatthetomatoisthemostcultivatedcrop
(24%oftheHHs),followedbyonion(15%ofHHs)andcabbagecultivatedbyaround
9%oftheHHs.
Figure12:ProducedvegetablesbyHHs
Pepper
1%
Lettuce
3%
Garlic
3%
Leaves
9%
Cabbage
9%
Onion
15%
Tomato
24%
0%
5%
10%
15%
20%
25%
%ofHHs
10
In relation to the area used for vegetables production, to highlight that tomato,
onionsandcabbagearecultivatedinareasbetween0.5and1ha(48,50and44%of
theHHsrespectively)andmorethan2ha(46,47and41%oftheHHsrespectively).
Table6:Areausedforvegetablesproduction
Tomato
Onion
Garlic
Leaves
Lettuce
Pepper
Cabbage
<0.5ha
0.5Ͳ 1ha
1Ͳ 2ha
+2ha
0%
0%
0%
0%
0%
0%
0%
48%
50%
46%
58%
58%
67%
44%
5%
3%
8%
10%
17%
0%
15%
46%
47%
46%
33%
25%
33%
41%
5.3.5 Agriculturestrategiesandaccesstoinputs
To analyze the strategies utilized by the HHs in the area of agriculture it was first
consideredwhetherthefieldsoftheHHswereaffectedornotbythefloodsinthe
last2years,wherearound75%oftheHHsrespondedyesandfromthese90%said
thatthisshock(floods)affectedtheirproductioninthepresentyear.
The main strategies are related to cultivated crops in the higher lands (76% of the
HHsareusing),cultivationofshortcyclevarietiescrops(50%ofHHsareusingit)and
supportbankcreation(26%ofHHs),(Figure13).
Figure13:HHscopingstrategiestofloods
Constructionofdrainagesystems
11%
Treeplantations
19%
Supportbankcreation
26%
Shortcyclevarieties
50%
Upperlandcultivation
76%
0%
10%
20%
30%
40%
50%
60%
70%
80%
%ofHHs
11
Forthedroughtitwasnotedthatin the last2years (2009and2010)priortothe
survey around 87% of the HHs have confirmed to have suffered from this
phenomenonandthatithasaffecteddirectlyintheproductionforatleast90%.
Asastrategyforthisshock(drought)theHHsusedthelowlandsinthedryperiod
(76%oftheHHs),35%oftheHHscultivatedshortcyclevarietiescropsand49%of
theHHsapplysoilmoistureconservationtechniques(Figure14).Theapplicationof
those strategies is a result of the implementation of the project in target districts
wheresometrainingonagriculturetechniqueswasdonebyWorldVision.
Figure14:HHscopingstrategiestodrought
Smalldams
8%
Irrigationsystems
15%
Openwells
15%
Humidityconservation
49%
ShortcycleVarieties
53%
Lowlandscultivation
76%
0%
10%
20%
30%
40%
50%
60%
70%
80%
90%
%ofHHS
In terms of agricultural practices, taught by World Vision and its partners, it was
noted that only 16% of the HHs have been irrigating their fields, however part of
those HHs (17%) have regular contacts with extensions to support their activities,
22%oftheHHshavebeenusingsomesortoffertilizers(combinationoforganic,as
manure, and inorganic like “Ureia”)in their fields, around 14% have been using
pesticides,herbicidesand/orinsecticidesintheircrops,inthelandpreparationonly
5% are using animal traction. However, after the harvest around 57% of the HHs
havebeenstoringtheirproductionintheirbarnsupto6monthsusingmainlysome
traditionaltechniqueslikecoalͲashandsmoke.
12
Figure15:agriculturalpractices
5.4 MarketandPrices
The three main reasons reported by the communities which are related to lack of
food were low productivity and higher food prices in local markets. The maize,
groundnuts and beans are available for sale in local markets and also in the local
producers.Thesedistrictsarenotsuitableforriceproduction,andthisisonlyfound
inlocalmarkets.
Maizepricesinlocalmarketsdidnotincreasecomparedtothesameperiodofthe
last year. In contrast, the prices of beans, sugar, rice and cooking oil have risen
comparedwiththesameperiodlastyear.
ThemainsuppliersofcerealsarelocaltradersandproducersinMarromeu,Mopeia
andMorrumbala.Thosedistrictsarealsosuppliedbytheneighborhoodproductive
districtsnamelyMilangeandGurue.
Local traders have faced problems in the regular supply of cereals because of the
accessproblems(roadsdegradation)makingtransportcostofthegoodshigher.
Average price of cattle in the target districts is between 10,000Ͳ15,000 MT. Goats
from700to800MT,pigsfrom1,000to1,500MTandchickenfrom80to150MT.
Comparedtothesameperiodoflastyear,livestockpriceshaveriseninalldistricts
coveredbytheproject.
13
5.5 FoodConsumption
The diet quality is a proxy indicator for the determination of life quality and
wellbeingoftheHHsasfarashungereradicationintheruralareasisconcerned.In
thispointtheanalysislookedatthepast12monthsoftheyearwherearound80%of
the HHs have referred that in that period there were months in which all the HHs
membershassufficientfood(sufficientfooddoesnotmeanthattheyhadgoodfood
diversity).
According to information collected during the evaluation, it is noted that within 2
months,themajorityoftheHHshavestayedforlongperiodswithoutsufficientfood
(April to September), and since October the situation improves. This can be an
indication for the identification of the lean season (of hunger) in the four districts
evaluated.
Figure16:%oftheHHsthatconsumed enoughfoodoverthe12months
100%
%ofHHswithenoughfood
90%
80%
34% 34%
49%
70%
75%
60%
76%
81% 82% 83% 79%
69%
61%
54%
50%
40%
30%
66% 66%
51%
20%
10%
25%
24%
19% 18% 17% 21%
Apr
May
31%
39%
46%
0%
Jan
Feb
Mar
Jun
Jul
Aug
Sep
Oct
Nov
Dec
Accordingtobaselineinformation,theHHshave7monthswithfoodavailableand5
months of struggle. But, the improvement was observed were more than 50 % of
HHShaveenoughfoodduring8months.
With reference to the below data (figure 17, it was noted that the HHs tend to
consumemorecereals(97%ofHHs),followedbygreenleaf(70%ofHHs),fish(57%
of HHs) and tubers (40% of HHs), respectively. The fish is the product that will
contributeinlargescaleintheimprovementofthehousehold’sdietduetoitscaloric
value.
14
Theobservedtheaveragedietaryscoreforthe Table7:Averagedietaryscore
HHs was 4.85 with the highest score being in
District
Morrumbala (5.35) and Mopeia (5.28) and the
lowestbeinginMutarara(3.40).ForMutarara,
meaning that in average 3.4 food types have
beeneatenthedayprior to thesurvey(Figure
Dietaryscore
5.28
5.35
3.40
4.13
Mopeia
Morrumbala
Mutarara
Marromeu
4).
Comparingwiththebaselineinformation,improvementonHHsdietarydiversitywas
observedinalldistricts.
In this regards, an additional effort is required through interventions that can
improve the diet diversity and consequently in the improvement of the nutritional
statusoftheHHs.
Figure17:DifferenttypesoffoodconsumedbytheHHs
Teaorcoffee
9%
91%
Eggs
15%
85%
vegetables
16%
84%
Sugar
82%
18%
Fruits
81%
19%
Pulses
78%
22%
Meat
78%
22%
Fatproducts
34%
66%
Tubers
40%
60%
Fish
57%
43%
Greenleaves
70%
30%
Cereals 3%
0%
97%
10%
20%
30%
40%
50%
60%
70%
80%
90%
100%
%ofHHs
No
Yes
Research has shown that dietary diversity and frequency are a good proxy of food
security at household level. The study collected data on food consumption: the
variety and frequency of different foods consumed over a 1Ͳday recall period was
recorded.Datawereanalyzedseparately(itembyitem)andthencombinedintoan
indicator (the food consumption score) that takes into account the frequency,
diversityandthenutritionalvalueofthefoodconsumed.
15
Table8:Foodcategories
FOODITEMS
Maize,maizeporridge,rice,sorghum,milletpasta,bread
andothercereals
1
Foodgroups
Weight
Cerealsand
Tubers
2
2
Cassava,potatoesandsweetpotatoes
3
Beans.Peas,groundnutsandcashewnuts
Pulses
3
4
CSB
CSB
2.5
5
Vegetables,relishandleaves
Vegetables
1
6
Fruits
Fruit
1
7
Beef,goat,poultry,pork,eggsandfish
Meatandfish
4
8
Milkyogurtandotherdiary
Milk
4
9
Sugarandsugarproducts
Sugar
0.5
10
Oils,fatsandbutter
Oil
0.5
The quality of the household diet is measured using the Food Consumption Index
(FCI), which measures two parameters: evaluates the quality of the diet as an
indicator of potential nutritional problems and as a proxy indicator of socio–
economic status, i.e. poor quality diet is correlated with low economic status.
Changes in dietary quality are used to evaluate tendencies in household food
security.IngeneraltheFCSof16%isconsideredpoor,33%moderateand51%rich.
In the targeted district, the results show that there are no significant differences
between districts in terms of FCS, with 12% in Mutarara, 14% Marromeu, 15% in
Morrumbalaand15.5%inMopeia.
5.6 RiskMitigationandCopingStrategies
5.6.1 RiskMitigation
From the districts assisted by the program in the in the 12 months prior to the
survey,itwasobservedthataround83%oftheHHswereaffectedbydroughtand
that64%byfloods.Around74%referredtohavehadproblemswithabovenormal
diseasesandplagues,76%referredtohavesufferedfromepidemicsrelatedshocks
in animals and75%sufferedfromepidemicsrelatedshocksinhuman(cholera and
malaria).
16
Figure18:%OftheHHsaffectedbyshocks
Earthquake
89%
Erosion
11%
66%
Cyclones
34%
62%
Floods
38%
36%
64%
Pestanddiseases
26%
74%
Humanepidemy
25%
75%
Animalepidemy
24%
76%
Drought
17%
0%
10%
83%
20%
30%
40%
50%
60%
70%
80%
90%
100%
%of HHs
Notaffected
Affected
Forthesameshocksitwasaskedifthecommunitieshadanytypeofearlywarning
system and for that it was looked to the natural shocks where 65% of the HHs
referredtohaveanearlywarningsystemforfloods,56%ofHHsfordroughtand37%
ofHHsforcyclones.
In the visited communities, around 56% of the HHs had trainings in vulnerability
analysis,54%ofHHsreceivestrainingintheearlywarningsystemsimplementation
and 56% HHs had access to trainings on the preparedness and response plans to
emergencies, however, from these, only 50% managed to retain the acquired
knowledge and therefore able for a better use. This can be seen from the table 4
above,wereHHswithlessthan2haarethoseapplyingmoreagriculturetechniques
asaresultoftrainingreceivedfromWVproject.
Comparingwithbaseline,someimprovementsontheHHscapabilityofdealingwith
disasterswereobservedduringtheevaluation.Inoverall,accordingtobaselineonly
16%ofHHsreceivedtrainingonvulnerabilityanalysisandnow56%ofHHsbenefit
fromthatasaresultoftheWVproject.BeforetheWVprojectonly14%ofHHswere
trainedonearlywarningsystem,butnowthenumberoftrainedHHsincreaseto54
%andonpreparednessandresponseplan,beforewere13%ofHHsbutnow,56%
ofHHshavebeentrained.
Communityparticipationonresiliencyactivitieswassituatedaround57%oftheHHs
referred that they have participated in the design of the disaster risk plans in the
17
area of agriculture (compared to 5 % of HHs from the baseline information), the
same percentage participated in de design of risk maps of the most vulnerable
locationsintheircommunities(comparedto6%fromthebaselineinformation)and
around 42% participated in simulation exercises to test their response capacity in
caseofnaturaldisasterswhereitwasdemonstratedthestepstobefollowedinthe
eventofemergencies(beforeonly3%ofHHs).ThisdifferenceonpercentageofHHs
participatinginresiliencyactivitiesisaresultoftheWVprojectimplementation.
Fifty four percent (44%) of the HHs referred that the closest school from their
communityhasspecialtrainingonmitigationandpreparednesstofacerisks(before
6% of HHs) and around 63%, in form of opinion, think that the community is
preparedtofacenaturaldisasterssituations(before11%ofHHs).
1.1.1 CoppingStrategies
TheCopingStrategiesIndex(CSI)measuresthelevelofhouseholdfoodstressandis
based on the number and frequency of use mitigating actions taken by HHs in the
face of food shortages. These strategies include, modifying the family diet, selling
assets and changing labour patterns. HH do not wait until food stocks are
completelydepletedͲtheyadjusteatinghabits.Frequency:HowoftendoestheHH
usethestrategy?
Frequency weights: Daily = 7 ; Often = 4.5; Sometimes = 1.5; Seldom = 0.5;
Never=0;
The CSI measures the frequency and severity of
household’s coping strategies for dealing with
Table9 : CSIbydistrict
shortfalls in food supply. A higher CSI indicates
higherstressonthehousehold.
TheaverageCSIofthetargetdistrictsis19.3and
Mutarara district has higher CSI (27.2) and
MarromeuhaslowerCSI(10.1)(Table8).
District
Mopeia
Morrumbala
Mutarara
Marromeu
CSI
16.5
23.5
27.2
10.1
Comparingwiththebaseline,thehouseholdstressislesscomparedwiththeperiod
beforetheprojectstart(baselineaverageCSI21.72).
Inthisregards,thereductionofthenumberofthemeals(73%ofHHsappliedit),the
consumptionofmealswithlowquality(71% ofHHsappliedit)andtheincreaseof
the income generating activities (63% of HHs) were enhanced as the coping
strategies.
18
ThestrategiesusedbytheHHsinthisevaluation,areinlinewiththeonesidentified
in food security and nutritional vulnerability analysis studies conducted by SETSAN
andintheactivitiesmonitoringreportsfromCHS/WFP.TheFigure19belowshows
that to reduce the number of meals in the main strategy applied by the most of
interviewed HHs (73%), while very few HHs (5%) remove children from schools as
coppingstrategy.
Figure19:TheappliedstrategiesbyHHs
Removechildrenfromschool
5%
95%
Transferchildren/migration
7%
93%
Borrowmoney
83%
17%
Askedforassitance
83%
17%
Sharethefoodwithrealtives,neighbororcommunity
55%
45%
Consumiutoda/partedasementeresrvada
54%
46%
Abovenormalsellingofassetsandanimals
51%
49%
Increaseincomegeneratoractivities
63%
37%
Lesspreferredfoodandcheap
29%
71%
Reducethenumberofmeals
27%
73%
0% 10% 20% 30% 40% 50% 60% 70% 80% 90% 100%
No
%ofHHs
Yes
5.7 HumanitarianAssistance
During the interviews, all targeted communities mentioned that they receive
humanitarianassistancefromtheGovernmentanditspartnernamely,WorldVision,
Red Cross, Save the Children, OXFAM, IRD, CCM and WFP. Below, see the type of
assistanceandtheorganizationwhodoes..
Typeofintervention
FoodAssistance
WaterandSanitation
MosquitoNet
NutritionEducation
Seedsandotheragriculturesinputs
Organizationsinvolved
WFP
Government,OXFAM,CCMandWorldVision
Government,CVMeMédicosSemFronteiras
Government,RedCrossandWorldVision
GovernmentandWorldVision
According to the communities, World Vision interventions were concentrated in
threeareasnamelyagricultureinputs,nutritionandwaterandsanitation
19
5.8 SummarybyDistrict
Mopeia
x
The average age of heads of
HHsinterviewedwas41years,
where about 34% of HHs
headedbywomen.
x
96.7% Of HHs interviewed
considers agriculture as the
main activity or source of
income.
x
In terms of asset ownership
about 37% are poor in goods,
which means that in a crisis or shock situation they are not able to overcome the
situationbysellinganyproperty,only17%arerichinassetsandcancopewithacrisis
moreeasily.
x
About11%saidtheyhadaschoolclosetothecommunityandthatchildrendidnot
needtotravellongdistancestothenearestschool.
x
About56%ofHHsreportednothavingaccesstohealthservicesduetolackofhealth
facilitiesclosetoitscommunity.
x
Only 80% of HHs said to have land for agricultural production and / or pasture. Of
these23%ofitsareaislessthan0.5ha,40%withanareaof0.5to1ha,26%between
1and2haareaandonly10%areais2haormorethatshouldbeidealforpoweringa
5HHsmembers.
x
NinetyͲone percent (91%) of HHs said that their farms were affected by floods in
past years and this shock affected their production again this year, 90% was also
affectedbydroughtandthatitaffectedhisproduction.
x
Regarding the seeds about 36% of HHs said that receive it from WV and 35% said
thatcomesfromtheirownproduction.
x
Intermsofshock,77%ofHHssaidtheircommunitywasaffectedbydrought,44%by
soil erosion , 78% by pests and diseases, 80% by epidemics in animals, 82% for
epidemicsinhumans,79%floods53%bycyclonesandstrongwinds.
x
Intheopinionofrespondentsabout67%saidthattheircommunitiesarepreparedto
faceanysituationofshocksasresultofthetrainingreceivedfromWorldVision
x
20
Morrumbala
x TheaverageageofheadsofHHsinterviewedwas44years,whereabout34%ofHHs
headedbywomen.
x
97.9% Of HHs interviewed
considers agriculture as the
income.
x
about 38.2% are poor in
goods,whichmeansthatina
crisis or shock situation they
arenotabletoovercomethe
situationbysellinganyproperty,only12.5%ofHHsrichingoodsandcancopewith
acrisismoreeasily.
x
Only3.5%saidtheyhadaschoolclosetothecommunityandthatchildrendidnot
x
About39%ofHHsreportednothavingaccesstohealthservicesduetolackofhealth
x
Only 67% of HHs said to have land for agricultural production and / or pasture. Of
these2%itsareaislessthan0.5ha,25%withanareabetween0.5to1ha,33%with
between1and2haareaandabout40%areais2haormorewhichleadstobelieve
thattheareafordevelopmentagricultureinthedistrictisidealformostHHsbecause
ithasanareatofeedthefivemembers.
x
SixtyͲsevenpercent(67%)ofHHsinrecentyearssaidthathisfarmwasaffectedby
the floods of which 94% of HHs event affected the production in these years, 88%
wasalsoaffectedbydroughtandthatitaffectedhisproduction.
x
Regardingtheseedsabout45%ofHHssaidthattheyreceiveitfromtheWVand25%
saidtheypurchasefromthestore.Only15%ofHHsobtainedseedfromtheirown
production.
x
Intermsofshock91%ofHHssaidtheircommunitywasaffectedbydrought,39%by
soil erosion , 85% by pests and diseases , 89% by epidemics in animals, 82% for
epidemicsinhumans,64%thefloodsand38%bycyclonesandstrongwinds.
x
Intheopinionofrespondentsabout71%saidthattheircommunitiesarepreparedto
faceanysituationofshocksasresultofthetrainingreceivedfromWorldVision.
21
Mutarara
x
TheaverageageofheadsofHHs
interviewedwas53years,where
about 42% of HHs headed by
women.
x
Of all HHs interviewed consider
agricultureasthemainactivityor
sourceofincome.
x
about 44% are poor in goods,
which means that in a crisis or
shocksituationtheyarenotable
toovercomethesituationbysellinganyproperty,,only10%arerichinassetsandcancope
withacrisismoreeasily.
x
About13%saidtheyhadaschoolclosetothecommunityandthatchildrendidnotneedto
travellongdistancestothenearestschool.
x
About 58% of HHs reported not having access to health services due to lack of health
x
Only75%ofHHssaidtohavelandforagriculturalproductionand/orpasture.Ofthese2%
ofHHshavelessthan0.5haareais35%withanareaof0.5to1ha,50%withbetween1and
2ha area and only 13% area is 2ha or more that should be ideal for powering a HHs 5
members.
x
SixtyͲnine percent (69%) of HHs said that in recent years their farms were affected by the
floods and this event affected the production in these years to 80% of HHs, 96% was also
affectedbydroughtandthatitaffectedtheirproduction.
x
Regardingtheseedsabout21%ofHHssaidreceiveditfromWVand28%saidthatcomes
from their own production, 14% who got through inͲstore purchase and 17% they get on
theirneighbors.
x
Intermsofshock90%ofHHssaidthatthecommunitywasaffectedbydrought,soilerosion
by 13%, 69% by pests and diseases, 64% of outbreaks in animals, 49% for epidemics in
humans,49%thefloodsnd25%bycyclonesandstrongwinds.
x
Intheopinionofrespondentsabout 53% saidthat theircommunitiesarepreparedtoface
anysituationofshocksasresultsoftrainingreceivedfromWorldVision.
22
Marromeu
x
The average age of heads of
HHs interviewed was 45
years, where about 29% of
HHsheadedbywomen.
x
Oftherespondents93%HHs
consider agriculture as the
income.
x
about32%arepooringoods,
which means that in a crisis
orshocksituationtheyarenotabletoovercomethesituationbysellinganyproperty,only
28%arerichinassetsandcancopewithacrisismoreeasily.
x
About15%saidtheyhadaschoolclosetothecommunityandthatchildrendidnot
x
About 46% of HHs reported not having access to health services due to lack of
healthfacilitiesclosetoitscommunity.
x
Only66%ofHHssaidtohavelandforagriculturalproductionand/orpasture.Of
these15%ofHHshasanareaislessthan0.5ha,38%withanareabetween0.5to1
ha,20%withbetween1and2haareaandonly27%areais2haormorethatshould
beidealforpoweringaHHs5members.
x
FortyͲsix percent of HHs in recent years said that his farm was affected by the
floods and impact negatively the production in these years and 72% of HHs was
alsoaffectedbydrought.
x
Regarding the seeds about 6% of HHs received from the WV and 77% said that
comesfromtheirownproductionand16%obtainedthroughinͲstorepurchase
x
Intermsofshock77%ofHHssaidtheircommunitywasaffectedbydrought,22%
bysoilerosion,41%bypestsanddiseases,50%byepidemicsinanimals,66%for
epidemicsinhumans,38%thefulland16%bycyclonesandstrongwinds.
x
Intheopinionofrespondentsabout44%saidthattheircommunitiesareprepared
to face any situation as result of training received in recent times from World
Vision.
23
VI.
Conclusionsandrecommendation
Theevaluationconcludesthatalthoughtherearestillchallengestobeaddressedin
the targeted communities, there were significant improvements in the life and
livelihoodsinthetargetedcommunitiesinsocioeconomics,agriculturalandmarket
terms. The community awareness on such challenges and improvements can be
linkedtotheincreasingnumberofHHsparticipatinginfarmersassociationsorother
socialgroupasaforumforseekingsolutionsforcommonproblems.
ThemajorityoftheHHsarestillinneedofsupportastheyarestillassetpoorand
their access to basic services including extension services is still low (only World
Vision providesextension servicesin thosecommunities). The animal husbandry in
thesedistrictsispredominantlypracticedinsmallͲscalebytheHHsdespitethehigh
potentialofthedistricts.
Onagriculturetheevaluationconcludedthatthemainsourceoffoodfor97%ofthe
HHs is agriculture where maize, sorghum, millet and peanuts are produced.
However, the techniques applied in the farms are still poor. Only 31% of the HHs
referred not using conservation agriculture practices. Furthermore, the scarcity of
thelowlands,unavailabilityofseedsonthemarket,weakdemandandfacilitiesfor
conservation,theproductionofvegetablesisdifficult.
Itwasobservedanimprovementintermsoffoodavailability.Morethan50%ofHHs
have food reserves for 8 months compared to 7 months from the baseline. This
growth indicates that there was an increase and improvement in terms of crop
productionanddiversificationaswellwhich,aredirectlylinkedtothetechnicaland
inputsupportprovidedbytheIRVCprojecttothetargetedcommunities.
The low purchasing power of the HHs caused by the scarcity of employment
opportunities(only1%dependsonformalemployment)doesnotallowthemarkets
toprovidelivingopportunities.TheHHsfindthepricesinthemarkethigherandthis
is also caused by the irregularity of the supply which is also linked to road
accessibility (long distances and poor roads). This situation led to periods of stress
whereHHshavestayedforlongperiodswithoutsufficientfood,especiallyafterthe
harvestedstocksareover.
24
The evaluation also concluded that the HHs capacity to deal with disasters has
improved and the community participation on resiliency activities was situated
around57%.SomeoftheHHsareabletodesignofthedisasterriskplansinthearea
ofagriculture,animprovementby5%comparedwiththebaselineinformation.
Recommendations
x
The second phase of the project has to be design in order to reinforce
diversification of nonͲagricultural income generating activities, like fishing,
handcraft. The community has to benefit from the project on adoption
alternative livelihoods options assources of income generation, providinga
better standard of living for these people. The options include compost
manureandcroprotationforimprovementofsoilfertility.
x
The programme should also promote the tree plantation and sound
environment agriculture techniques and use of leguminous species to help
improvethesoilsfertility.Theenvironmentalcommitteeshouldtargetmore
peopleandshouldfocusonproneareaswerethereisalotofinappropriate
useofnaturalresources.
x
Giventhatthesedistrictshaveahighpotentialforlivestockproductionand
giventhattheclimateconditionisfavorable,thereisaneedofactions,bythe
project,tosupportanimalhusbandryinthetargetdistricts
x
Additionaleffortisrequired throughprojectinterventionsthatcan improve
thedietdiversityandconsequentlyimprovementofthenutritionalstatusof
theHHs.
x
The Project should strengthen its interventions in the area promotion of
animalhusbandry,whichwillcontributetofoodsecurity,nutritionandasan
incomesource,sinceformanyHHstheanimalsareaninvestmentthatissold
onlyincrisisperiod.
x
As future plans, animal transfer should be established and communities
should be trained to manage these animals. In terms of distribution, it is
recommendedthatthereshouldalsobeclearcriteriaandthattheseshould
coversubstituteHHs,whicharepoor.Aclearlydefinedtargetplanshouldbe
developedforthenextphase.
x
Seek opportunities in the District Development Plan and Community Action
Plans andseeksinergieswith otherkeystakeholders,includingthecapacity
development to the SDAES to take over extension services.
25
x
Annex
26
Annex1:Beneficiarylifestory
StoryofMariaJorgePita
Location:MopeiaDistrict
MariaJorgePitais65yearsoflivinginthecommunityofNzanza,localityofNhamirere.Sheisawidow
andmotherofsixyoungfarmers.
“I know World Vision program through the
program's own assistants. I know that the project
cameforagricultureandthatitwillprovideuswith
seeds. I like the initiative and I hope it continues
andthatitincludesvegetableseeds.
I have nothing against World Vision for what they
didtous,noonehasevermade.
World Vision has a positive influence in my life
because. What I used to do with my background
wasnotgivingpositiveresults.Iwasdesperateand
mylifechangedsincethedayIwasselectedasoneofthebeneficiariesoftheprogram.NowIknowhow
toincreasetheproductivityofmyfields.
Thankyou,WorldVision,forhelpingusandforlookingafteruslikeweweretheirchildren.Thankyou
from the deepest of my heart. We hope that the project does not stop here or that other
complementaryactivitiesfollow.
Wehaveproblemsinthefieldscreatedbylocust’splagues.Furthermore,ourcropsareinlowlandsand
whenitrainsallcropsarelostwiththefloods.
Thereisnoavailabilityinthemarketshereandtheonesthatwereceivedfromdonationsareobsolete.
Butwestillusethemthewaytheyare.
This year the animals that were affected by diseases are chickens that were affected by Xitucua. The
rationforchickenisveryexpensiveanditisverydifficulttofeedthem.Theproductionwaslowlastyear
duetothedrought,withdidnotbuymaizemeal.Theonlythingwedoistomillmaizewithisexpensive.
Wealsolackpigeonpeas.Supportwithseedswouldbeofgreathelp.
Tradersofmaizebuyitwithushereduringtheharvestthanthentheyresellittousafter6to8months.
Wedonotknowwhattodowiththeplantingofricemaybe.Maybetherearebetterwaysyoucanteach
us.
ThecommunityhasnoteacherattheschoolastheonesthatwereavailableareinMopeiaparticipating
inanappointmentceremony.
27
StoryofOssumaneBacar
Location:MopeiaDistrict(Magoca)
OssumaneBacar(Bacar)ismarriedandfatherofsixchildren.Heresidesinthiscommunitysince42years
ago. He is originally from the community of Chibuê, his homeland. His main activity is agricultural
althoughhealsodoesfishingasthesecondaryactivity.Agricultureistheactivitythatprovideshimwith
subsistenceforhisfamily.
He is a member of the Farmers Association
from2yearsagowhichhasbeenhelpingthe
community. The association has thought the
community memberonhowto plantinline,
selectqualityseeds,conservationagriculture,
fallowgroundandtheuseoffertilizers.
With the introduction of this project our
production has increased, compared to the
periodbeforeandourcropshavenowbetter
quality.Wealsousebetterqualityseedsand
newvarietiesthatwehaveneverhadbefore
in our community. The association has now
itsownfieldswhereweplantpigeonpeaanditservesasthedemonstrationfield.
We would like to ask you only to help us to increase our production area using animal traction as it
happened in the south of the country. With the project w have already introduces a new variety of
pigeonpeawithgoodgerminatingpoweranditsperformanceissatisfactory.Wehavealsolearnttotreat
sesame.
We have solicited to increase the water sources, creation of input trade fairs, distribution of school
materials,HIV/AIDSactivists,etc.
Thisprojectchangedourlives,somepeoplehavehouses,bicycles,radios,andwelivebetter.Faminein
the middle of the year has reduced compared with the previous years, thanks to the increase on the
productionandproductivity.
Wewillaskfortheprojecttocontinuewithmoreagriculturalinnovationsandtechnologies.
28
Annex2:HouseholdsQuestionnaire
INQUÉRITOAOSAGREGADOSFAMILIARES
EscritoriodosEUAparaAssistenciaaosDisastresemoutrosPaises(OFDA)
QuestionáriodeAvaliaçãoFinal–Maiode2011
NOTAINTRODUTORIA
Bomdia/tarde.Meunomeé__________EstoufazendouminquéritoparaaVisãoMundialMoçambique.
O Objectivo desta entrevista é colher informação relacionada com os modos de vida dos Agregados
Familiaresnestazona.OseuagregadoFamiliarfoialeatoriamenteseleccionadoparaestaentrevista.A
suaparticipaçãonestequestionárioevoluntária.Ainformaçãocolhidanestaentrevistaseráconfidencial
e em nenhum momento o seu nome será relacionado com as respostas providenciadas. Podemos
começar?
A.IDENTIFICAÇÃODACOMUNIDADE
IDENTIFICAÇÃODOAGREGADOFAMILIAR
CODIGO
0.1
CódigodoDistrito
Vejacodigosabaixo
0.2
CódigodoPostoAdministrativo
0.3
CódigodaComunidade
0.4
Códigodaequipa
(PARASER
0.5
CódigodoInquiridor
COMPLETADOANTES 0.6
NúmerodoAgregadoFamiliar
DAENTREVISTA
EXCEPTUANDOOO
0.7
CÓDIGODAPESSOA
Codigodapessoakentraosdados
QUEENTRAOS
DADOS
29
A.CARACTERISTICASDOAGREGADOFAMILIAR
NR
A1
A2
A3
A4
A5
A6
A7
A8
A9
PERGUNTA
Nomedochefedo
AgregadoFamiliar
Qualeaidadedo
chefedoAgregado
Familiar?
Ochefedeste
agregadofamiliaréde
quesexo
Qualeonívelde
escolaridademaisalto
atingidopelochefedo
AgregadoFamiliar?
Ochefedeste
Agregadofamiliarsabe
lereescreverem
Português?
Qualéoestadocivil
dochefedoagregado
familiar?
Ochefedeste
agregadofamiliarouo
seuCONJUGEé
membrodealgum
gruposocial?
Sesim,deque
naturezaéestegrupo
social
(MULTIPLAS
RESPOSTAS
ACEITAVEIS)
Qualéaprincipal
actividadeneste
agregadofamiliar
OPTCOES
RESPOSTA
Nome________________________________________
Idadeemanos
1.
2.
Masculino
Feminino
0.Nenhum(Analfabeto)
1.Frequentouoensinoprimário
2.Completouoensinoprimário
3.Frequentouoensinosecundário
4.Completouoensinosecundário
5.Frequentouensinotécnicoprofissional
6.Concluiuoensinotécnicoprofissional
7.NívelUniversitário
1.Sim0.Não
1.Casado/UniaoMarital
2.Solteiro
3.Divorciado/Separado
4Viúvo/Viúva
1.Sim0.NaoVAIPARAB9
1.Igreja/Mesquita
2.Grupo/Associaçãodeprodução
3.Grupocultural
4comite/Conselhoslocais
1=Sim0=Não
1=Sim0=Não
1=Sim0=Não
1=Sim0=Não
5.Outro
1=Sim0=Não
(especificar____________________)
1.Agricultura
2.Pescaartesanal
3.Mineiro
4NegocioInformal
5.Pecuaria/Pastagem
6.Empregoformal
7.Vendadeobjectosdearte
8.Outra(expecificar________________)
30
B.CONDIÇÕESSOCIOECONOMICASEACESSOAOSSERVIÇOSBASICOS
BEM
Curalde
bovino/caprino/suino
Maquinadecozer
Radio
Colchão
Mesa
Cadeiras/Bancos
Bicicleta
Canoa/barco
QualdosseguintesbenstemoseuAgregadoFamiliar?
TEMESTE
Temeste
Quantidade
ITEM?
bem?
(escreva
1=Sim
1=Sim
BEM
numero)
0=Não
0=Não
B1
B2
B1
Gradedelavoura
RededePesca
Charrua
Fogãoacarvão/gas
Enxada
Foice
PERGUNTA
Bombadepedal
Poço
Catana
Televisão
Machado
Martelo
Coposepratos
devidro
Telemóvel
Relógiode
parede
Carro/Tractor
Mota
Moagem/Moinho
OPCOES
Quantidade
(escreva
numero)
B2
RESPOSTA
1=Sim0=Nao
1.Televisao
2.Hospital/Postodesaude
3.Escola
B3
Indicasenasuazonaexistemos
seguintesitens
MARUEARESPOSTANOLUGAR
ASSINALADO.ESCREVA1SEESTE
SERVIÇOEXISTEEZEROSENAO
EXISTIR
1=Sim0=Não
4.Instituiçaodecredito
5.RadioComunitaria
6.JornalComunitario
7.AgentedeextensaodoGoverno
8.AgentedeextensaodoINGC
9.TecnicodaVisaomundial
10.TecnicodeNGO(NaoVisao
mundial)
(sesim,IndicaraNGOeVAIPARA
B4____________________)
31
B4
PERGUNTA
RESPOSTA
1=Sim0=Nao
OPCOES
1.Agricultura
2.GestaodeRecursosnaturais
(Aguas,Florestas,minas)
SeexisteTecnicodeOutraNGO,
queactividadesestãosendo
implementadasporestaNGo
3.HigieneeSaude
4.AguaeSaneamento
5.GestãoeMitigaçãodeRiscos
6.HIVeSIDA
Outra
Outraexpecificar_____________
Animais
Oseuagregadofamiliarcriouestes
animaisnosúltimos12meses?
1Sim0NãoÆVAIPARA
ANIMALSEGUINTE
B5
Quantosanimaistêmhoje
(incluindocrias)
B6
GodoBovino
GadoCaprino
Suínos(porcos)
Galinhas
Patos/Galinhado
mato/Peru/Gansos
PERGUNTA
OPCOES
Oseuagregadofamiliartemterra
B7 paraaproduçaoagrariae
1.Sim0.Nao(oVAIPARAC9)
pastagem?
Qualéaareatotaldesteagregado Escrevaonumerodehectares
B8 familiar(incluindoterrapara
pastagemeproduçaoagricola)
B9
Dototaldaareasoboseu
controlo,quantoshectaresestao
sobreagriculturadeconservaçao
(areareservadaademostraçoes
deboaspraticas)
Numerodehectaressobagriculturade
conservação
32
RESPOSTA
B10
Qualdasseguintesactividadesvocêesta
implementandonassuasparcelasnestemomento
Teve
treinamen
PRATICA
tosobre
ESTA
AREADE
esta
ACTIVIDADE
IMPLEMENT actividade
ACAO
?
1.Sim
0.Nao
1.Sim
0.Nao
B10.1
Controlodeerosaoecoberturadossolos(plantiode
vetiver,coberturacomcapimseco)
B10.2
Usodefertilizantesorganicos(fesesdeanimais)e
espalhamentonoterreno
B10.3
Protecçãodamachambausandoaramefarpado,
estacas,oumurrosconvencionais/canteiros
B10.4
Destroncamentodasmachambas
B10.5
Controlodeervasdaninhas
B10.6
Pousiodeterra
B10.7
Consociaçaodeculturas
B10.8
Colectaearmazenamentodeaguaeouhumidadedo
solo
B10.9
Irrigaçãodasculturas
B10.10 Multiplicaçãoedistribuiçãodesementes
33
CULTURAS
C1.PRODUÇÃODECULTURASALIMENTARESBASICAS
Cultivouesta Qualéa
QuantidadeColhida
Semeoua
QuantidadeColhidanasegundaépoca
cultura?
Áreatotal
segunda
alocadaa Quantidade Unidade
campanha?
Quantidade Unidade
Estado
Estado
1.kg
1.kg
1Sim
esta
11.Sacode100kg
11.Sacode100kg
cultura?
1Sim
12Sacode90kg
12Sacode90kg
0NãoÆVAI
1.fresco
13Sacode70kg
13Sacode70kg 1.fresco
2.Emespiga
PARACULTURA
0NãoÆVAI
14.Sacode60kg
14.Sacode60kg 2.Emespiga
3.Emgrão
SEGUINTE
PARACULTURA
15.Sacode50kg
15.Sacode50kg 3.Emgrão
4.Comcasca
16.Sacode25kg
16.Sacode25kg 4.Comcasca
SEGUINTE
5.Semcasca
5.Semcasca
17.Sacode12,5kg
21.Latade25L
22.Latade20L
23.Latade10L
24.Latade5L
25.Latade1L
C1.1
Milho
Mapira
Meixoeira
Mandioca
BatataPolpa
alaranjada
Amendoim
Feijaoboer
Feijaonhemba
Feijaomanteiga
FeijaoHoloco
Gergelim
Soja
C1.2
C1.3
C1.4
C1.5
C1.6
C1.8
34
C1.9
0
C1.7
17.Sacode12,5kg
21.Latade25L
22.Latade20L
23.Latade10L
24.Latade5L
25.Latade1L
CULTURAS
D2.PRODUÇÃODEHORTICULAS
Cultivouestacultura? QualéaÁreatotal QuantidadeColhida
alocadaaesta
1Sim
cultura?
Quantidade
Unidade
1.kg
11.Sacode100kg
0NãoÆVAIPARA
12Sacode90kg
CULTURASEGUINTE
13Sacode70kg
14.Sacode60kg
15.Sacode50kg
C2.1
C2.2
C2.3
Tomate
Cebola
Alho
Repolho
Alface
Pimento
Couve
16.Sacode25kg
17.Sacode12,5kg
21.Latade25L
22.Latade20L
23.Latade10L
24.Latade5L
25.Latade1L
C2.4
35
D.ESTRATEGIASAGRICOLASEACESSOAOSINSUMOS
D1
D2
D3
Asuamachambafoiafectada
pelascheiasnosultimosdois(
2)anos?
Sesim,estascheiasaffectaram
suaproduçaonesteano?
Qualdasseguintesestrategiaso
seuagregadofamiliarusapara
mitigarascheias
(MULTIPLASRESPOSTAS
ACEITAVEISNESTAPERGUNTA)
1.Sim0.Nao(oVAIPARAE3)
1.Sim0.Nao
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
D4
D5
D6
Asuamachambafoiafectada
porsecanosúltimosdois(2)
anos?
Sesim,estassecasafectaram
suaproduçãonesteano?
Qualdasseguintesestratégiaso
seuagregadofamiliarusapara
mitigarassecas
(MULTIPLASRESPOSTAS
CriaçaodeBancodesuporte
Cultivoemzonasaltas
Plantiodearvores
Cultivodeculturasdeciclo
curto
Construçaodesistemasde
drenagem
Construçaodecanaispara
escoaraguasdasenchendes
Naofeznada
Outra(especificar________
1=Sim0=Não
1=Sim0=Não
1=Sim0=Não
1=Sim0=Não
1=Sim0=Não
1=Sim0=Não
1=Sim0=Não
1=Sim0=Não
1.Sim0.Não(oVAIPARAE6)
1.Sim0.Não
1.Montagemdesistemas
Irrigação
2.Cultivoemzonasbaixas
3.Conservaçãodehumidade
4.Cultivodeculturasdeciclo
curto
5.Aberturadepoços
6.Construçãoderepresaspara
colectaraguadaschuvas
7.Nãofeznada
8.Outra(_________________)
1=Sim0=Não
1=Sim0=Não
1=Sim0=Não
1=Sim0=Não
1=Sim0=Não
1=Sim0=Não
1=Sim0=Não
1=Sim0=Não
NR
E7
PERGUNTA
OndeoseuAFadquireamaiorpartede
sementesdassuasprincipaisculturas
(INDICARAPENASAFONTEMAIS
IMPORTANTE)
OPTCOES
1.
Própria
2.
Vizinho
3.
Loja
4.
ONG(especifique______)
5.
SDAE
6.
CasaAgrária
7.
FeiraAgroPecuária
8.
Companhiadesementes
(SEMOC,PANNAR)
9.
Outra
RESPOSTA
OPTCOES
RESPOSTA
NR
D8
PERGUNTA
OseuAgregadoFamiliarirrigaasculturasna
suaparcela?
36
1.Sim0.Não
D9
D10
D11
D12
D13
Oseuagregadofamiliartemcontactocom
agentedeextensão/extensionista?
OseuAgregadoFamiliarusaalgumtipode
fertilizantes?
OseuAgregadoFamiliarusoupesticidas,
herbicidasouinsecticidas?
OseuAgregadoFamiliarusaTracçãoanimal
parapreparaçãodaterra/cultivaraterra?
OseuAgregadoFamiliararmazenoua
produçãonoceleiroporumperíodode6
meses?
1.Sim0.Não
1.Sim0.Não
1.Sim0.Não
1.Sim0.Não
1.Sim0.Não
E.FOMEEDIETAALIMENTAR
NR
E1
PERIODODEFOME
CODIGOS
Agoragostariadeperguntarsobreoacessoaos
alimentosdoseuagregadofamiliarduranteoano
passado.Pensenosúltimos12meses
Duranteosúltimos12meseshouverammesesem
quenemtodososmembrosdoseuagregadofamiliar
comeramosuficiente?
NAOLEIAALISTADOSMESES
Sesim,Quaissãoosmeses(nosúltimos12meses)em
queosmembrosdoseuagregadofamiliarnãotiveram
comidaosuficiente
ANOTEUM(1)NOSQUADRADINHOSSEO
ENTREVISTADORESPONDERSIMEZERO(0)SE
RESPONDERNAO.
1.Sim0.Não
(CIRCULEARESPOSTAAPROPRIADA.
SERESPOSTAFORNAO,CIRCULAA
RESPOSTAEVAIPARAoF2)
E1.1
E1.2
E1.3
E1.4
E1.5
E1.6
E1.7
E1.8
E1.9
E1.10
E1.11
E1.12
Janeiro
Fevereiro
Março
Abril
Maio
Junho
Julho
Agosto
Setembro
Outubro
Novembro
Dezembro
E2
E2.1
AgoragostariadefalarsobreostiposdealimentosquevocêouqualquermembrodoseuAF
consumiuONTEMDURANTEODIAENOITE.
Resposta
Resposta
Categoriadealimento
Categoriadealimento
1=Sim
1=Sim0=Nao
0=Nao
Cereaisdequalqueralimento
(papasouximade
E2.9
Ovos
milho/arroz/mapira/meixoeira),
massasesparguete,
37
E2.2
Abóbora,cenoura,batatadoce
polpaalaranjadaououtros
vegetaisamarelados
E2.3
Batatadepolpabranca,inhame,
mandioca,ououtrasraízese
tubérculosdepolpabranca,
batataReno.
E2.4
Vegetaisverdesescurosvegetais
folhosos(couvetronchuda),
espinafre,
E2.5
Outrostiposdevegetais
(repolho,tomate,alface,couve
china,pepino,beringela,
melancia)
E2.6
E2.10
Peixesecooufrescoou
enlatado
E2.11
Qualqueralimento
feitonabasedefeijões
(ervilha,manteiga,
boer,nhemba)
E2.12
Qualquerqueijoou
iogurte,ououtros
produtosderivadosde
leite,ouleitefresco,
leiteempó.
E2.13
Qualqueralimento
feitocom
óleos/gordurasou
manteiga?
FrutasricasemvitaminaA,
Papaiamadura,mangamadura,
outras
E2.14
Açúcar,mel,produtos
derivados
E2.7
Outrosfrutos(maca,banana)
E2.15
Outrosalimentoscomo
café,chá,
E2.8
Carne(porco,vaca,cabrito,
galinha,rato,ratazana,coelho,
pato,passarinho,galinhado
mato),Fígados,pulmões,
corações,outrosórgãos
F.MITIGAÇÃODERISCOSEESTRATEGIASDESOBREVIVENCIA
F1
QueTipodechoquesafectaramestacomunidadenos
últimos12meses?
(NAOLEIAASOPCOES.ANOTEASRESPOSTASNOS
QUADRADINHOS.MULTIPLASRESPOSTASVALIDAS)
Estacomunidade
foiafectadapor
estechoque
duranteosúltimos
12meses?
Acomunidadetem
umsistemade
avisoprévio
estabelecidopara
respondereste
choque?
1.Sim0.Não
F1.1
F1.2
F1.3
F1.4
F1.5
F1.6
F1.7
F1.8
F1.9
F1.10
1.Seca/Faltadeágua
2.Erosão
3.Pragasedoençasacimadosníveisnormais
4.Epidemiasemanimais(Podridãodopéeboca,febre
aftosa,newcastle)
5.Epidemiasempessoas(Cólera)
6.Cheias
7.Terramoto/Tremordeterra
8.Ciclones
9.Outro1(especifique)
10.Outro2(especifique)
38
PERGUNTA
F2
Oseuagregadofamiliarteve
acessoaostreinamentosem
seguintesmatériasnosúltimos12
meses?
(MULTIPLASRESPOSTAS
OPÇÔES
1. Analisedechoques
2. Analisedecapacidadeevulnerabilidade
3. Implementaçãodesistemasdeaviso
prévio
4. Medidas/actividades/planosdemitigação
5. Planosdepreparaçãoerespostaa
emergências
RESPOSTA
1=Sim0=Nao
PERGUNTA
F3
Oseuagregadofamiliarficoucom
algumconhecimentoemrelação
aostreinamentosemseguintes
matériasnosúltimos12meses?
(MULTIPLASRESPOSTAS
OPÇÔES
RESPOSTA
1=Sim0=Nao
1. Analisedechoques
2. Analisedecapacidadeevulnerabilidade
3. Implementaçãodesistemasdeaviso
prévio
4. Medidas/actividades/planosdemitigação
5. Planosdepreparaçãoerespostaa
emergências
1.Sim0.Não
1.Sim0.Não
1.Sim0.Não
1.Sim0.Não
1.Sim0.Não
F4
F5
F6
F7
F8
Algumavezparticipouno
desenhodeplanosdereduçãode
riscosnaagricultura?
Algumavezparticipouno
desenhodemapasderiscocom
locaismaisvulneráveis?
Algumavezparticipouem
simulaçõessobrealgumtipode
emergênciaondesão
demonstradosospassosaseguir
emcasosdeemergências?
Aescolapróximadasua
comunidadetemprogramas
especiaisdetreinamentossobre
mitigaçãoepreparaçãofaceaos
riscos?
Nasuaopinião,achaqueasua
comunidadeestapreparadapara
fazerfaceaqualquersituaçãodos
choques?
39
ESTRATEGIASDESOBREVIVENCIADO
AGREGADOFAMILIAR
F9
(CIRCULEARESPOSTAAPROPRIADA.
CIRCULAUMAUNICARESPOSTAPARACADA
PERGUNTA)
F9.1 01=Baixouaqualidadederefeições
F9.2 02=Reduziuonumeroderefeições
03=Aumentouactividadesgeradorasde
F9.3
receitas(ganhoͲganho)
04=Consumiutodaoupartedasemente
F9.4
reservada
F9.5 05=Vendeuanimaisoubensforadonormal
F9.6 06=Pediuemprestadodinheiro
F9.7 07=Pediuassistênciadogoverno,igreja,ONG
08=Mandoucriançasparaforade
F9.8
casa/migraçãodosmembros
09=Retiroucriançasdaescolaoumandoupara
F9.9
trabalhar
10=Compartilhoucomidacomfamília,vizinho
F9.10
oucomunidade
F9.11 Outro(especificar______________________)
40
Nunca
(0)
Alguma Sempre
svezes
1Ͳ3
1Ͳ2
dias/m dias/se
es
mana
0
0
1
1
2
2
0
1
2
0
1
2
0
0
0
1
1
1
2
2
2
0
1
2
0
1
2
0
1
2
0
1
2
Geralme
nte
Diariam
3Ͳ6
dias/se ente
mana
3
3
3
4
4
4
3
4
3
3
3
3
4
4
4
4
3
4
3
4
3
4
Annex3:FocusGroupQuestionnaire
Questionário aos Grupos Focais da Comunidade
Instruções para o Inquiridor e notas a tomar:
x Identificar pessoas bem informadas para serem consideradas Informadores Chave (IC)podem ser pessoal da saúde, professores, Lideres, religiosos, organizações de mulheres, de
jovens, etc
x Assegurar a participação activa de todos os membros dos GF.
x Tomar nota das informações detalhadas nas perguntas importantes numa folha a parte e
adicionar ao questionário.
Questionário ID___________________
Data da entrevista DD/
/
2011
1. IDENTIFICACAO DO CONTROLADOR
1.1.Nome do controlador______________________________________________________
1.2.Organização __________________________________________________________
1.3.Telefones _____________________________________________________________
1.4. Equipa ________________________________________________________________
2. SOBRE A COMUNIDADE
2.1. Nome da Comunidade ____________________________________________
2.2. Código do Censo: _________________________________
2.3. Província
2.4. Distrito
2.5. Posto Administrativo 2.6.Localidade
3. Informações Gerais sobre o Grupo Focal/Informantes Chave
3.1Descrever a composição do GF e as características dos seus membros nos GF (IC) – Idade,
Sexo, Ocupação
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------4. Tipos de choques que afectam a comunidade
4.1.
Inundações/Chuvas anormais
4.2
secas
4.3.
Ciclone
4.4.
Outra Calamidade (especificar_________________) 4.5
41
Não foi afectada
5. ASSISTÊNCIA AO AGLOMERADO
a) Identificar o tipo de assistência
SIM NAO
que esta sendo providenciado
c) Listar as organizações/ grupos/associações,
nacionais e internacionais, que prestam cada
tipo de assistência:
1= socorro
2= alimentação
3= abrigo
4= agua potável
5= latrinas
6= Saúde
7= utensílios de cozinha
8= roupa e cobertores
9= rede mosquiteira
10= medicamentos
Se sim, quais produtos e quem distribuiu
Bolachas BP-5 ____
Farinha de Soja (CSB) ____
11=Suplementos Alimentares para
crianças desnutridas
12=leite em pó ou qualquer outro
substituto de leito materno
biberões às mães com crianças
Se SIM, que produto, qual a frequência de
distribuição e quem distribuiu
13=educação nutricional dirigidos
às mães sobre alimentação das
crianças
11=semente e utensílios agrícolas
12=produtos de higiene e limpeza
13= transporte
14= fumigação
15= outros
6. AGRICULTURA
6.1. Houve constrangimentos na produção agrícola 0= NAO ; 1=SIM;
6.2. Se SIM, quais são os principais constrangimento que impedem a obtenção de bons
resultados agrícolas nesta comunidade? (sugere se uma pré codificação usando informação
proveniente das avaliações anteriores)
6.2.1.
Falta de chuvas; 6.2.3.
6.2.4.
Sementes não germinaram; 6.2.5.
fortes/ciclones; 6.2.7.
Excesso de chuvas; 6.2.3.
Falta de sementes;
Pragas/doenças; 6.2.6.
Ventos
Outros (indicar)________
6.3. Existe semente a venda ou de donativo disponível para ser adquirida? Nao=0; Sim=1
6.4. Existe disponibilidade suficiente de utensílios? Nao=0; sim=1
42
7. PECUÁRIA E PASTOS
7.1. Quais são os problemas que os animais enfrentam actualmente? (Ponha o circulo na
resposta)
7.1.1. Não tem pasto suficiente; 7.1.2. Não tem agua suficiente; 7.1.3. Doenças;
7.1.4.Falta de tratamento veterinário
7.1.5. Falta de vacinação
7.1.6. Roubo
7.1.8. Outras___________
7.2. Qual é a situação actual do pasto para os animais em comparação com o mesmo período
do ano passado?
7.2.1. Pior
Melhor
7.2.2. Igual
7.2.3.
8. MERCADOS E PREÇOS
8.1.Quais são as 2 principais razoes de não ter comida suficiente? (Ponha o circulo nas
resposta)
8.1.1.Mercado não tem alimentos
8.1.2.Não consegue comprar/preços altos
8.1.3.Mercado distante/ transporte caro
8.1.4.reservas alimentares estão a esgotar
8.1.5.Os rendimentos da machamba baixaram
8.1.6.Outras (especifique)________________
8.2. DISPONIBILIDADE de ALIMENTOS PARA COMPRA (EXCLUINDO AJUDA ALIMENTAR)
Com que facilidade (independentemente do preço) os seguintes produtos estiveram disponíveis durante o último mês?
1
2
3
4
5
6
Produto Alimentar
Mercado Mercado mais
Feira
Loja/
Comércio Produt
Local
próximo no
Grossista
Informal
or
Distrito
1. Milho
2. Mapira
3. Mexoeira
4. Arroz
5. Mandioca
6. Batata Doce
7. Batata Reno
8. Banana
9. Amendoim
10. Feijões
11. Abóbora
12. Vegetais
Assinalar no quadro o grau de disponibilidade para cada uma das fontes
1=disponível; 2=difícil; 3=não disponível
43
8.3 MERCADOS E PREÇOS: Para os itens abaixo, por favor providencia a seguinte
informação: A unidade de medição e o preço a retalho durante o ultimo mês.
Preço por unidade em comparação
com o ano passado
Unidad Preço por
e
unidade
Item
Subiu
Igual
Não subiu
8.3.1.Milho
8.3.2.Farinha de
milho
8.3.3.Arroz
8.3.4.Feijão
manteiga
8.3.5.Feijão nhemba
8.3.6.Feijão boer
8.3.7.Feijão jugo
8.3.8.Amendoim
8.3.9.Óleo da
cozinha
8.3.10.Açúcar
Códigos das Unidades: 1 = Kg, 2 = lata 5 litros, 3 = lata 20 litros, 4 = saco de 50 kg, 5 =
saco de 70 kg, 6 = saco de 100 kg. (inquiridor: Se o produto não está disponível, marcar
999)
8.4. Actualmente quais são os principais fornecedores dos cereais no mercado?
0=nao é fornecedor; 1= maior fornecedor; 2= Segundo fornecedor; 3= Terceiro fornecedor
8.4.1. Comerciantes |__|
8.4.2. Reserva Local
|__|
8.4.3. Ajuda alimentar
|__|
8.5. Actualmente de onde é que vem os cereais comercializados?
8.5.1. Mesma localidade |__|; 8.5.2.Doutra localidade |__| (indicar nomes) _______________
;
8.5.3.Doutro distrito |__| (indicar nomes) _______________;
8.5.4.Doutra província |__| (indicar nomes) _______________________;
8.5.5.Doutro País
|__| (indicar nomes) _______________________;
8.6. Como está o abastecimento em cereais comparando com o ano passado?
8.6.1. Aumentou
8.6.2. Diminuiu
8.6.3. igual ao ano passado
8.7. Quais são os principais problemas no fornecimento de cereais? (Ponha o circulo nas
respostas validas)
8.7.1. Falta de Transporte; 8.7.2. Mau estado das vias de acesso; 8.7.3.
Outros____________________
44
8.8. Preços dos animais
Item
Preço actual/Cabeça
Preço por unidade em comparação com o
ano passado
Subiu
Igual
Baixou
Bovinos
Caprino
s
Ovinos
Suínos
Aves
10. SAÚDE
9.1. Unidades Sanitárias
Tipo de US: 1, 2, 3
A que distancia
fica deste
Aglomerado
Tipo de Unidade Sanitária
definitivo
tenda
Número e nível de Técnicos de
Saúde ( indicar se é médico,
técnico médio ou básico
M
F
total
Pau a
pique
9.2. A população nesta comunidade usa redes mosquiteiras?
SIM………………1
NÃO…………………….
10. PERCEPÇÃO SOBRE A SITUAÇÃO NUTRICIONAL
10.1. Nos últimos 6 meses, quantos casos de desnutrição se registaram na unidade sanitária?
_______________.
10.2. Comparado com o mês passado, a situação é:
Não Sabe
Pior
;
Mesma
Melhor
;
;
10.3. Nos últimos 6 meses quais foram as taxas de crescimento insuficiente e de baixo peso ao
nascer ( dados fornecidos pela Unidade Sanitária)
Indicadores
Mês 1
Mês 2
Mês 3 Mês 4
Mês 5
Mês 6
Taxa de crescimento
insuficiente
Baixo peso ao nascer
11. EDUCAÇÃO
11.1. Escolas em funcionamento
Nível da Escola
A que distancia
Tipo de Escola
(EP1, EPC, Esc.
fica deste
Sec)
Aglomerado
definitivo tenda
Pau a pique
45
Numero de
estudantes
M
F
TOT
Número de
Professores
M
F
TOT
12. Situação do Aglomerado: Educação, Saúde, Água e Saneamento
12.1. Como é que compara o nível de abandono de
crianças nas escolas neste ano com os últimos 5 anos?
1. Diminuiu; 2. Igual ; 3. Aumentou
12.2. Se o abandono escolar aumentou, qual é a
principal a razão?
1. Aumento do custo 2. Aumento de crianças que trabalham;
3. Carência de alimentos; 4. Aumento do custo de vida;
5. Outros
1. Melhorou; 2. Igual; 3. Piorou
12.3. Como está o acesso a saúde neste ano comparado
com os últimos 5 anos?
|__|
|__|
|__|
12.4. Se o acesso piorou neste ano, qual é a principal
razão?
1. Aumento do custo 2. Má qualidade de serviço;
3. Muito dinheiro gasto para alimentos;
4. aumento do custo de vida; 5. Outros
12.7. Como está o acesso a água potável neste ano
comparado com os últimos 5 anos?
1. Melhorou; 2. Igual; 3. Piorou
12.8. Se o acesso a água potável piorou, qual é a
principal razão?
12.9. Como estão as condições de higiene e
saneamento neste ano comparado com os últimos 5
anos?
12.10. Se as condições de higiene e saneamento
pioraram, qual é a principal razão?
1. Aumento do custo; 2. Frequentes cortes/paragens
3. Má qualidade de serviço; 4. Outros
1. Melhorou; 2. Igual ; 3. Piorou
|__|
|__|
|__|
|__|
1.Precos muito altos do sabão; 2. Mau fornecimento de água ; 3. Pobre
sistema de drenagem;
4. Aumento do custo de vida ; 5. Outros
|__|
13 Resumo das Principais mudanças nos últimos 6 meses
A comunidade já passou por algumas dessas mudanças/ choques (Discuta e deixe a comunidade descrever os
problemas que enfrentaram durante os últimos 6 meses. Categorize os problemas de acordo com a intensidade (1 é
a maior mudança 2 = média
3 = menos importante)
1=
Sim
0=
Não
Categ
orias
1=
Sim
0=
Não
14.11
Elevados custos de saúde
14.12
Elevados custos de educação
13.3
13.4
Insuficiência ou
irregularidade de chuvas/
Seca/ Cheias
Insuficiência de água para
uso doméstico
Muitas doenças
Doenças epidémicas
14.13
14.14
Falta de oportunidades de trabalho
Diminuição de salários
13.5
Aumento de mortes
14.15
13.6
Aumento geral dos preços de
alimentos
Pouco alimento nos
mercados
Aumento de preços de
combustível/ carvão/
electricidade
Carência de combustível
para cozer os alimentos
Aumento de custo de carvão
e lenha
14.16
Oportunidades limitadas de geração de
rendimentos
Carência de água potável
13.1.
13.2
13.7
13.8
13.9
13.10
14.17
14.18
Transporte público limitado(passageiros e
mercadorias)
Elevados custos de aluguer
14.19
Pragas agrícolas
14.20
Outros- especificar
46
Categ
orias

Increasing Resilience of Vulnerable Communities

Transcrição

Documentos relacionados

Property Sheet PDF - Signature Properties Solutions

Property Sheet PDF - Signature Properties Solutions

Property Sheet PDF - Signature Properties Solutions

Property Sheet PDF

Sentinela - Zelia Fonseca

A conversation with Guto Lacaz 2013

Auxiliary verb: can 1. Unscramble the words to form questions. a

English: “My advice: If you have to leave a city that you love, leave it

Folder PDF - Premier Algarve Rentals

Press Release Aláfia – Corpura Who started all that? Was it Jorge