Challenges of the 21th Century

The DESERTEC Concept
Energy and Climate Security for a World of 10 Billion People
Powertage 2012
Zürich, June 13, 2012
Dr. Thiemo Gropp
DESERTEC Foundation
Challenges of the 21th Century
Sources: Allianz Insurance • United Nations World Population Prospects • Deutsche Stiftung Weltbevölkerung
1979
2007
Challenges of the 21th Century
Auftauender Permafrostboden
Source: Polygon on the ground.
Challenges of the 21th Century
Hurricane Isabel (2003) as seen from orbit during Expedition 7 of the International Space Station.
The eye, eyewall and surrounding rainbands that are characteristics of tropical cyclones are clearly
visible in this view from space.
Source: Image courtesy of Mike Trenchard, Earth Sciences & Image Analysis Laboratory, Johnson Space Center.
Challenges of the 21th Century
Floods in Bangladesh 2009
Source: Rezowan at en.wikipedia
Challenges of the 21th Century
Text
Der havarierte Reaktor mit „Sarkophag“ im April 2003
Source: Elena Filatova,www.elenafilatova.com
Challenges of the 21th Century
Satellitenfoto der Reaktorblöcke 1 bis 4 (von rechts nach links) am 16. März 2011 nach
mehreren Explosionen und Bränden.
Source: Digital Globe Quelle: Digital Globe
Challenges of the 21th Century
Source: faz.net
Challenges of the 21th Century
Source: Africa Research Central
Challenges of the 21th Century
 Energy security
 Supply with drinking water and
food
 Migration
 War for resources
 Climate change
Are we able and willing to find solutions?
 Extreme weather conditions
 Rise of sea level
 Floods
 Droughts
…
How can we create sustainable living conditions...
...in view of a world population of ~10 billion people
in the year 2050?
How can we accelerate the global transition to
renewables?
The necessary technologies are already available
Potentials of RE in EU-MENA
(Studies of the German Aerospace Center, DLR)
Biomass: 1.350 TWh/y
Need for electricity in EU-MENA
in 2050: 7.500 TWh/y
Wind Power: 1.950 TWh/y
Geothermal: 1.100 TWh/y
Solar Power: 630.000 TWh/y
Water Power: 1.350 TWh/y
Solar energy is highly abundant
Energy from deserts compared to fossil and
nuclear ressources
All known reserves
gas
oil
uran
coal
2 weeks sun
2 weeks sun
2 weeks sun
22 weeks sun
All known and to be expected reserves
40 weeks sun
Solar energy in the red square
=
World Energy Consumption
The DESERTEC concept unifies different Clean Energy Technologies
DESERTEC als globales Konzept
EUMENA
With a strategic focus on two regions:
 EU-MENA
 East Asia
CSP with heat storage (molten salt)
Source: Solar Millennium
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Strictly Private & Confidential
HVDC (High-Voltage Direct Current
Examp: Yunnan-Guangdong (China): 1400 km, 800kV, 5000 MW
Supergrid with High-Voltage Direct Current (HVDC)
Source: Siemens
Freshwater Crisis in MENA Region
Deficits by Country (bn m³/y)
E
CO2-Reduction in EUMENA
(Source: DLR)
-81%
DESERTEC Foundation
 Founded in January 2009 by private persons and Club of Rome
 The DESERTEC concept has been developed by TREC and the
German Club of Rome
 The scientific and technological basis for EUMENA was established by
3 DLR studies (2004-2007)
 Together with Munich Re in 2009 the Dii GmbH was initiated
 In 2010 the DESERTEC University Network (DUN) was initiated
 DESERTEC drives initiatives within civil society, politics, industry and
acadamia
Mission of DESERTEC Foundation
DESERTEC is a solution concept and a global
movement, that has been initiated by people from all
over the EUMENA region
 To help realize the global transition from fossil and nuclear
to renewable energy
 With a focus on clean power from deserts
 by integrating all available renewable energy ressources:
solar (PV, CSP), wind, geothermal, bio-mass, water
 and by combining of centralized and decentralized
solutions
 and ensuring global human and biodiversity friendly
sustainable development
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»
»
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energy
climate protection
water, food
economic development
political security, peace
Become a Partner of DESERTEC
!  Co#Marke)ng,and,Co#Branding!within!publica-ons,!journals,!talks,!congresses!etc.!
!  Cross#Marke)ng,and,Cross#Promo)on,(opening!cross8sectoral!opportuni-es)!
!  Use!the!DESERTEC,Partner,brand*!and!logo!to!promote!your!company!and!business!
(non8exclusive!licence,!e.g.!on!your!website)!
!  Official!appearance!as!DESERTEC,partner,on!the!DESERTEC!Founda-on‘s!website!
!  Direct,access!to!and!first#hand,informa)on,on,
!  the!realiza)on,of,the,DESERTEC,concept,!market!developments!and!the!ac-vi-es!of!the!
partners!within!the!DESERTEC!network!
!  upcoming,developments,and,opportuni)es,within!the!global,renewable,energy,market,
(na-onal!developments!within!relevant!countries,!collabora-on!opportuni-es!with!
industrial!partners!…)!
!  sponsoring,and,/,or,collabora)on,opportuni)es,to!par-cipate!in!poten-al!or!planned!
projects,!feasibility!studies!and!DESERTEC!(Pilot)!Projects!!
!  Become!first#mover,within!country!specific!renewable!energy!markets!
DESERTEC and EBL
Switzerland plays an important role
Renewable Energy in Morocco
German federal state
Schleswig-Holstein
Bottlenecks of the moroccan
energy strategy
WEREEMa
! 
Competency in wind and solar
! 
Similar Wind energy conditions
! 
Grid capacity
! 
Core competence in wind energy
! 
functionality of the new established institutions
! 
high investment in RE
! 
Experts and technical personnel
! 
>100 companies associated with wind energy
Need of an appropriate campaign to increase
the awarness of the population for RE and EE
! 
model projects in rural areas
! 
! 
! 
! 
Experience with repowering projects and with
grid expansion
Established competence centers for wind
energy research
Strong academic focus on renewable energy
studies
" A cooperation between Morocco and the German federal state Schleswig-Holstein
Renewable Energy in Egypt and Tunisia
RE-GENERATION
‫دة‬#$%&'‫ ا‬%)%*+‫ ا‬,- #.#$ /0$
Awareness and acceptance of DESERTEC in Egypt and Tunisia
Dakhla Oasis, New Valley
DESERTEC Principles for CSP project evaluation)
Principle)1)
Principle)2)
Principle)3)
Secure)provision)
and)distribu4on)
of)electricity)
Social)responsibility)
and)economic)
sustainability
Environmental)
responsibility)
)
Criteria)
Criteria)
Criteria)
)
)
• )Dispatchability)
• )Minimized)downA4me)
• )Local)and)na4onal))
)))benefit)
• )Interconnec4vity)and))
)))grid)stability)
)
)
))))))))))))))
)
)
• )Profound)considera4on)
• )Profound)considera4on)of))
)))of)socioAeconomic)
)))environmental)impacts)
)))impacts)
• )Conserva4on)of)rare,)threatened))
• )Par4cipa4on)
• )Maximized)
)))or)endangered)species)and)habitats)
)))involvement)of)local)/))
)))regional)economy)
• )Minimized)waste)produc4on.)
• )Maximized)use)of)renewable)energy)
• )Minimized)use)of)water)/)op4mum:))
))))neutral)water)balance.)
TuNur%–%2000%MW%link%to%Italy%
TuNur%Power%Cable%
• 
• 
High%Voltage%Direct%Current%(HVDC)%transmission%
is% a% way% of% carrying% electricity% over% long%
distances%and%underwater.%
The%line%losses%are%very%low%–%only%around%three%
percent%per%1000%km%–%and%the%extra%cost%is%only%
one%to%two%cents%per%kWh.%
• 
To% transport% the% electricity% from% Tunisia% to%
Europe,%a%terrestrial%HVDC%cable%with%a%length%of%
ca.% 450% km% will% be% build% from% the% power% plant%
site%to%Tunisia’s%Northern%coast.%
• 
A% subsea% cable% will% transport% the% electricity% 600%
km% to% a% highQcapacity% interconnecRon% point% in%
Central%Italy,%North%of%Rome.%%
• 
An% interconnecRon% offer% from% Terna,% the% Italian%
network%operator,%was%accepted%in%May%2011%for%
a%2000%MW%grid%connecRon%slot.%
From% this% interconnecRon% point% the% electricity%
can% be% fed% into% the% European% grid% without%
encountering%boVlenecks.%
• 
%
Tunur%Q%Solar%Export%from%North%Africa%to%Europe%
TuNur%–%2000%MW%site%planned%
TuNur%Solar%Power%Plant%
• 
TuNur%is%a%2000%MW%Concentra:ng%Solar<thermal%Power%(CSP)%
tower% project% in% Tunisia% that% will% be% constructed% in% several%
phases,%with%construc:on%on%the%first%phase%expected%to%begin%
in%2014.%
• 
Thanks%to%heat%storage%tanks,%TuNur%can%supply%dispatchable%
electricity%day%and%night,%providing%stability%to%electricity%grids%
with%fluctua:ng%energy%sources%such%as%PV%and%wind%power.%
• 
Air%cooling%will%be%used%so%that%water%usage%can%be%reduced%to%
a% minimum% which% is% a% must% for% desert% areas% far% from% the%
coast.%
• 
An%op:mal%>10,000%ha%solar%site%has%already%been%iden:fied.%
Principle%1%
%
Secure%provision%and%
distribu:on%of%electricity%
Tunur%<%Solar%Export%from%North%Africa%to%Europe%
Asian Supergrid for Renewable Energies
Collaboration with Japan Renewable Energy Foundation
Means and targets of collaboration
1.  Promoting an Asian Super Grid which is
necessary for the expansion of renewable
energies in Asia
2.  Knowledge and Know How transfer to
accelerate the deployment of renewable
energies in Asia and to meet the needs of
an increasing energy demand
3.  Coordinate their ambitions and work to
support suitable political and economical
framework conditions encouraging the fast
deployment of renewable energies and a
transnational cooperation in Greater East
Asia
15#
DESERTEC Knowledge Platform
The DESERTEC Knowledge Platform offers detailed information on
major sectors relevant to the DESERTEC Concept
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"Wir haben ein hohes Interesse daran, dass
DESERTEC Realität wird. Es ist heute noch
eine Vision, aber es kann ein verbindendes
Projekt zwischen dem europäischen und dem
afrikanischen Kontinent sein."
„Energie- und Klimapolitik – das ist die
Überlebensfrage der Menschheit im 21.
Jahrhundert“
Dr. Angela Merkel
Bundeskanzlerin
Source: http://www.bundesregierung.de/nn_1516/Content/DE/Mitschrift/Pressekonferenzen/2010/12/2010-12-08-pressestatement-merkel-bouteflika.html
"Solar- und Windenergie-Projekte wie
DESERTEC beweisen, dass wir bereits über
die Technologien verfügen. Wir müssen nur
anfangen zu handeln!“
"Das sind keine Luftschlösser – es ist machbar.
Wir [die USA] müssen es für unsere eigene
Wirtschaft tun."
Al Gore
Ehemaliger US- Vizepräsident,
Friedensnobelpreisträger
Source: Süddeutsche Zeitung 2010-09-05 & www.ted.com/talks/view/id/243 ab Minute 14:30, aufgenommen 2008
"Die Liga der arabischen Staaten ist sehr
zuversichtlich, dass die DESERTEC-Initiative
einen weiteren Beitrag dazu leisten wird, um
erneuerbare Energien voranzubringen,
CO2-Emissionen zu verringern und den Abstand
zwischen konventionellen und erneuerbaren
Energiequellen zu verringern."
Jamila Matar
Leiterin Energieabteilung
Liga arabischer Staaten
Source: Presse Konferenz in München 2009-07-13
"Marokko freut sich darauf, zusammen mit der
Europäischen Union alle Chancen zu
untersuchen, die regionale Projekte wie
DESERTEC bieten, um die Grundlagen für eine
wohldefinierte, sichere, nachhaltige EuroMediterrane Energiepolitik zu schaffen."
Seine Majestät König Mohammed VI
von Marokko
Source: Agence Maghreb Arabe Presse 2010-03-07
"Die Politiker müssen endlich einsehen, dass Öl,
Kohle und Gas irgendwann zur Neige gehen und
dass wir so oder so auf die erneuerbaren
Energien umsteigen müssen."
Prof. Dr. Mojib Latif
Meeres- und Klimaforscher
Leibniz-Institut für Meereswissenschaften, Kiel
Source: http://www.umweltdialog.de/umweltdialog/klima/2004-08-02_1401.php
What is missing?
“My god, that little thing is so fragile out there.”
Michael Collins, Apollo 11, 1969
DESERTEC - Become part of the solution!
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