SURVEY OF GRI PUBLICATIONS BY BRAZILIAN VETERINARY

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SURVEY OF GRI PUBLICATIONS BY
BRAZILIAN VETERINARY PHARMACEUTICAL INDUSTRIES
PATRÍCIA LIMA DENIPOTTI AVEIRO
Post Graduate in Administration of Organizations - Faculty of Economics, Administration and
Accounting of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo (FEA-RP/USP)
Address: street Maracaju, number 1471. City: Ribeirão Preto / SP. Country: Brasil. Zip code: 14.051120.
Cel: 55 16 992622384
E-mail: [email protected]
NAYELE MACINI
Post Graduate in Administration of Organizations - FEA-RP/USP
Cel: 55 19 981997052
E-mail: [email protected]
ADRIANA CRISTINA FERREIRA CALDANA
Professor at the Department of Business Administration - FEA-RP/USP
Tel: 55 16 33154739 • Cel: 55 16 991316722
E-mail: [email protected]
ABSTRACT
Companies live in a context of competition, in which competitive advantages are necessary to achieve
success and maintain it. Therefore, the theme Sustainability has been increasingly addressed as an
important aspect for business perpetuity. This study aimed to raise whether Brazilian veterinary
pharmaceutical industries have joined the most used international model of sustainability reporting
practices: the Global Reporting Initiative (GRI). A collection of information from the websites of the
companies associated with SINDAN (the National Union of Products for Animal Health) was done and
a quantitative methodology was used for the analysis of data. The results showed that 99% of the
Brazilian veterinary pharmaceutical industries did not publish the GRI and 36% of them cited
Sustainability in their websites. It can be inferred that the major contribution of this study was to show
that the theme Sustainability lacks development in the Brazilian veterinary pharmaceutical industries.
Keywords: GRI, Brazilian Veterinary Pharmaceutical Industry, Sustainability.
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INTRODUCTION
Debates considering sustainability are on the agenda of global problems. Issues such as
environmental degradation, marginalization of social groups, radicalism, protests against capitalism
and the search for innovation in public and private sectors that deal with these dilemmas have become
imperative now (JABBOUR; SANTOS, 2008).
Alongside many efforts and activities of NGOs (Non-Governmental Organizational),
authorities and governments, corporations also have shown a growing commitment for a more
sustainable behavior (BAUMGARTNER; EBNER, 2010).
But despite the growing interest in the topic, the concept is still not widely investigated in
some contexts, such as in emerging economies, and it is considered in its infancy stage (BARROS;
SAUERBRONN; COSTA, 2014).
A pattern of development that favors the sustainability in its three pillars - economic,
environmental and social - is required at this time. Public or private organizations have historically
been highlighted as responsible for initiating social and environmental changes in a vicious circle,
stimulated by an exclusion reality and marginalization of groups of individuals (JABBOUR; SANTOS,
2008).
Elkington (1994) put that sustainability was seen as a competitive advantage. Currently,
however, it is ceasing to be considered competitive advantage to position itself as an obligation to
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organizations. According to Trevisan et al. (2008, p. 2), "it is no longer an option for organizations, it is
a matter of vision, strategy, and often survival".
From an evolutionary perspective, the scientific approach to sustainability has progressed
from a static view of environmental limits and human impacts to a dynamic and integrative view, of a
concern about human impacts and availability of natural resources to a more balanced position, placing
the human and social capital as the main point of this concern (QUENTAL; LOURENÇO; SILVA,
2011).
Sustainability is related to "long-term", "durable", "consistent" and "systematic" (LEAL
FILHO, 2000).
Sustainability is a relevant theme, which represents impact on the community, thus, there is an
expectation of customers and other stakeholders for the companies to report how they work their
sustainability actions (ISAKSSON; STEIMLE, 2009).
In a context of articulation among society, economy and environment, organizations are
undergoing a series of demands from many pressure sources. Because of the environmental
consequences generated through their activities, companies need to reach social legitimacy by
responsible actions, which validate them to raise resources, so that they can survive on structured
foundations by institutional pressures (FERNANDEZ-ALLES; VALLE CABRERA, 2006). They have
been pressured to report their sustainable performance, however, the measurement of sustainability still
faces important challenges (DELAI; TAKAHASHI, 2011).
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The development of sustainability reports, which are related to measure and disclose the
social and environmental impacts of everyday corporate activities, has been a practice incorporated by
organizations located in various countries. This fact is quite common in Europe, North America and
Japan and is becoming increasingly relevant in emerging markets. A growing number of companies
have realized the benefits of accession to this type of report, which provides greater transparency and
integrity on sustainability performance, making it an important driving force for the development of a
better relationship between society and the environment (CAMPOS ET AL., 2013).
These types of reports cover the triple bottom line, with the social, environmental and
economic dimensions, and aim to become as routine as the financial reports, that assist in the
communication process of companies (CAMPOS ET AL., 2013).
In order to answer this expectation, there is the publication of Sustainability Reports, which
has served as a way to demonstrate the performance of companies (initiatives, results, actions and
investments), through the use of several indicators or parameters, in favor of sustainable development
(MARIMON ET AL., 2012).
For Campos et al. (2013), the format and content of sustainability reports evolved in line with
market trends and have been adapted by many companies to the standard set by the Global Reporting
Initiative (GRI). The GRI is a non-profit organization, established in 1997 in Amsterdam / Netherlands,
as a joint initiative of the Coalition for Environmentally Responsible Economies (CERES) and the
United Nations Environmental Program (UNEP), formed by an international network of companies,
civil associations and other organizations.
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The GRI is the best known sustainability report in the corporate world and has been
considered a successful project (DAUB, 2007; BROWN; JONG; LEVY, 2009). To Basseto (2010), he
has gained increasing importance and, according to Silva (2011), he is the main reference in Brazil.
Thus, considering the importance of this theme to the market, this work focused private
companies in a segment that has great representation - veterinary pharmaceutical industries located in
Brazil - in order to raise if the Brazilian veterinary pharmaceutical industries are joining the
international model more used for reporting sustainability practices: the Global Reporting Initiative
(GRI).
Brazil is one of the five largest veterinary markets around the world. The segment has shown
sustained growth, mainly because of three factors: 1) increase in exports of veterinary products, as
Brazil is a major production center for multinationals; 2) increased sanitary inspection and criteria
required for commercialization, whether internally or externally; and 3) increased awareness of the
ranchers of the importance of maintaining healthy herds, with efficient and regular health programs
(NOGUT ET AL., 2007).
The Brazilian veterinary pharmaceutical industry is characterized by two types of companies:
pharmaceutical chemical multinationals, large companies with global operations; and companies
located in Brazil, small and acting locally. Multinational companies are leading the process of
development and innovation, constantly bringing modern products to the Brazilian market, although,
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due to their global operations, they are not specialized. This specialization is responsibility of national
companies, which are geared to local needs and market niches (NOGUT et al., 2007).
METHOD
For this study, we took as reference all the veterinary pharmaceutical industries located in
Brazil and associated with SINDAN in September 2013 because this is the National Union of Products
for Animal Health (SINDAN).
The SINDAN was founded in 11/20/1966 and is located in the city of São Paulo. It is made for
study, coordination, advocacy, protection and legal representation of Animal Health Products Industry,
involving companies registered in the Ministry of Agriculture, Livestock and Supply (MAPA),
covering the entire national territory. The MAPA aims to collaborate with the public authorities and
other associations in the sense of social solidarity and its subordination to national interests (SINDAN,
2013).
The total number of veterinary pharmaceutical industries located in Brazil represented by this
research is 94. Table 1 shows their names:
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Table 1: Brazilian veterinary pharmaceutical industries participants of this study
1
ABASE COMÉRCIO E REPRESENTAÇÕES LTDA.
2
BAYER S.A.
3
BIMEDA BRASIL PARTICIPAÇÕES LTDA.
4
BIMEDA-MOGIVET FARMACÊUTICA S.A.
5
BOEHRINGER ING.DO BRASIL QUÍM.FARM.LTDA.
6
CENTAGRO - CENTRO TECNL. AGROPEC. LTDA.
7
CEVA SAÚDE ANIMAL
8
CHEMITEC AGRO-VETERINÁRIA LTDA.
9
COOPERS SAÚDE ANIMAL IND. E COM. LTDA.
10 COSMOTEC ESPECIALIDADES QUÍMICAS LTDA.
11 DES-VET PRODUTOS VETERINÁRIOS
12 DUPONT DO BRASIL S.A.
13 DVA VET. COM.IMP. E EXP. DE PRODS VET L
14 ELANCO SAÚDE ANIMAL
15 EMBRASVET- EMPRESA BRAS. VET. LTDA.
16 EUROFARMA LABS. LTDA - DIV.VET. PEARSON
17 FABIANI SAÚDE ANIMAL LTDA.
18 FARMABASE SAÚDE ANIMAL LTDA.
19 FARMABASE SAÚDE ANIMAL LTDA.
FARMAGRICOLA S/A IMPORTAÇÃO E
20 EXPORTAÇÃO
21 FATEC S/A
22 IBRAVI - INST. BRAS. DE VET. INDL. LTDA.
23 INNOVARE BIOTECNOLOGIA E SAÚDE ANIMAL
24 INTERVET DO BRASIL VETERINÁRIA LTDA.
25 IPANEMA INDÚSTRIA DE PROD. VET. LTDA.
26 KONIG DO BRASIL LTDA.
27 LAB. VITAFORT IND.COM. PRODS. VET. LTDA.
28 LAB.VET.HOM. FAUNA E FLORA ARENALES LTDA.
29 LABORATÓRIO BIO-VET S/A.
30 LABORATÓRIO BRUCH LTDA.
31 LABORATÓRIO VETERINÁRIO ORIENTE LTDA.
32 LABS. PFIZER LTDA. - DIV. SAÚDE ANIMAL
33 LABYES DO BRASIL LTDA.
34 LOHMANN SAÚDE ANIMAL LTDA.
35 M.CASSAB COMÉRCIO E INDÚSTRIA LTDA.
36 MERIAL SAÚDE ANIMAL LTDA
MUNDO ANIMAL LABORATÓRIO VETERINÁR.
37 LTDA
38 NORBROOK DO BRASIL PRODS.VET. E FARM.LTD
39 NORPACIFIC DO BRASIL LTDA
40 NOVARTIS SAÚDE ANIMAL LTDA.
41 NOXON DO BRASIL QUIM. E FARMACÊUTICA LTD
42 NUTRON ALIMENTOS LTDA
43 OUROFINO SAÚDE ANIMAL
44 PHIBRO SAÚDE ANIMAL INTERNACIONAL LTDA
45 PLANALQUÍMICA INDUSTRIAL LTDA.
46 PRODS. QUÍMICOS S. VICENTE LTDA.
47 PRODUTOS VETERINÁRIOS J.A. LTDA
Source: elaborated by the authors (2013).
48 QUINABRA - QUIM. NATURAL BRASIL. LTDA.
49 SANPHAR SAÚDE ANIMAL LTDA.
50 UCB - UZINAS CHIMICAS BRASILEIRAS
UNIÃO QUÍMICA FARMACÊUTICA NACIONAL
51 S.A.
52 VANSIL IND. COM. E REPRES. LTDA.
53 VETECIA LABS. DE PRODS. VETS. LTDA.
54 VETNIL IND. E COM. DE PRODS. VETS. LTDA.
55 VIRBAC DO BRASIL IND. E COM. LTDA.
ZOETIS IND.DE PRODUTOS VETERINÁRIOS
56 LTDA.
57 LABOVET- PRODUTOS VET. LTDA.
58 CHAMPION FARMOQUÍMICO LTDA.
59 CLARION BIOCIÊNCIAS LTDA.
60 CT LOPES DA SILVA
61 MULTIBOI NUTRIÇÃO ANIMAL LTDA.
62 CMR LABORATÓRIOS VETERINÁRIOS LTDA.
63 SIGO PROCEDIMENTOS HOMEOPÁTICOS LTDA.
64 BIOSTREAM DO BRASIL LTDA.
65 HERTAPE-CALIER SAÚDE ANIMAL S.A.
66 INOVA BIOTECNOLOGIA SAÚDE ANIMAL LTDA
67
IPEVE-INST.DE PESQ.VET.ESPECIALIZADAS LT
68 JOFADEL IND. FARMACÊUTICA S/A
69 VALLÉE S/A.
70 BIOGÉNESIS BAGÓ SAÚDE ANIMAL LTDA.
71 IMPEXTRACO LATIN AMÉRICA C.I.PRD.NUTR.LT
72 INST. DE TECNOLOGIA DO PARANÁ - TECPAR
73 LABORATÓRIO PRADO S/A
74 LABORATÓRIO VENCOFARMA DO BRASIL LTDA
75 LABORATÓRIOS CALBOS LTDA.
76 VILAVET SAÚDE ANIMAL LTDA.
77 A. QUÍMICA SANTA MARINA S/A
78 COVELI INDÚSTRIA E COMÉRCIO LTDA.
79 LABORATÓRIO BRAVET LTDA.
80 LABORATÓRIOS DUPRAT LTDA.
81 PROVETS SIMÕES LABORATÓRIO LTDA.
82 TRAJETÓRIA VETERINÁRIA LTDA
83 AGROFARM IMP E EXP DE PRODUTOS VET LTDA
84
HIPRA SAÚDE ANIMAL LTDA.
85 HYPRED BRASIL I.C.PRODS.HIGIENE E LIMPEZ
86 LABORATÓRIO IBASA LTDA
87 LEIVAS LEITE S/A IND. QUIM. E BIOLÓGICAS
88 TIMAC AGRO IND E COM DE FERTILIZANTES
89 AGRO INDUSTRIAL CATARINENSE LTDA
90 ALPHARMA DO BRASIL LTDA.
91 IND. E COM. DE ALIM. DES. ALCON LTDA.
92 LABORATÓRIO PERINI LTDA.
93 ORGÂNICA FARMACÊUTICA LTDA
94 VETANCO DO BRASIL IMPORT. E EXPORT. LTDA
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Of these 94, 56 were located in the state of São Paulo and 38 in other Brazilian states.
Brazilian pharmaceutical veterinary industries in São Paulo and
other states
60
50
40
Number of Brazilian
pharmaceutical veterinary
industries
30
20
10
0
São Paulo
Other States
Graphic 1: comparison between the amount of veterinary pharmaceutical industries located in the state of São Paulo and other
states.
Source: elaborated by the authors (2013).
Therefore, according to graphic 1, more than half (59,57 %) of the veterinary pharmaceutical
industries were located in the state of São Paulo.
A quantitative methodology was used for the analysis of data on the presence of theme
Sustainability in that industrial segment.
Data collection was performed in three steps:
a) Identification of the companies through this relationship in SINDAN site.
b) In the respective websites of these companies, was identified:
• whether they mentioned Sustainability;
• whether they published the GRI Report for the year 2012 in 2013 in Brazil;
• whether they were national or multinational.
c) Finally, proportionality analyzes were performed for each of the above items.
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The statistical program "Software Action" was used by the authors. It operates in R platform
(PORTAL ACTION, 2013) to make Frequency Distributions. The results will be presented in
percentage (%) or in absolute numbers.
RESULTS AND DISCUSSION
This paper aimed to survey whether the Brazilian veterinary pharmaceutical industries are
joining the most widely used international model of sustainability reporting practices: the Global
Reporting Initiative (GRI). In addition, this paper researched if those industries have addressed the
subject Sustainability in their business. Therefore, the results were obtained from surveys conducted in
their web pages. Among the 94 surveyed industries, 68% were domestic and 32% were multinationals.
Although the amount of national veterinary pharmaceutical industries be greater than the
multinationals, the one that published the GRI Sustainability Report for the year 2012 in Brazil was a
multinational, the Dupon do Brasil S/A. Therefore, 99% did not publish the GRI in Brazil. This data
can be considered worrisome since Sustainability, according to Trevisan et al. (2008), is considered a
key element to the company's survival. It also shows that, although the GRI be considered the main
reference of Sustainability Report in Brazil (SILVA, 2011), it has not been applied widely in this
industrial segment.
It can be also considered that customer and other stakeholders expectations in relation to
reporting sustainable business shares have not been hit, in accordance with Isaksson and Steimle
(2009).
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Of the 94 Brazilian veterinary pharmaceutical industries analyzed by this study, only 34 (or
36%) cited the theme Sustainability in their web pages. Of these 34, 17 were national and 17 were
multinational (that is, 50% each). See Table 2.
Table 2: industries that mentioned Sustainability on their websites
Multinational
National
1
BAYER S.A.
2
CEVA SAÚDE ANIMAL
3
COOPERS SAÚDE ANIMAL IND. E COM. LTDA.
4
DUPONT DO BRASIL S.A.
5
DVA VET. COM.IMP. E EXP. DE PRODS VET L
6
ELANCO SAÚDE ANIMAL
7
KONIG DO BRASIL LTDA.
8
LABS. PFIZER LTDA. - DIV. SAÚDE ANIMAL
9
LABYES DO BRASIL LTDA.
10
SANPHAR SAÚDE ANIMAL LTDA.
11
MERIAL SAÚDE ANIMAL LTDA.
12
NORBROOK DO BRASIL PRODS.VET. E FARM.LTDA.
13
NOVARTIS SAÚDE ANIMAL LTDA.
14
NUTRON ALIMENTOS LTDA.
15
HIPRA SAÚDE ANIMAL LTDA.
16
HYPRED BRASIL I.C.PRODS.HIGIENE E LIMPEZ
17
VETANCO DO BRASIL IMPORT. E EXPORT. LTDA.
18
EUROFARMA LABS. LTDA - DIV.VET. PEARSON
19
LABORATÓRIO BIO-VET S/A.
20
LABORATÓRIO BRUCH LTDA.
21
MUNDO ANIMAL LABORATÓRIO VETERINÁR. LTDA.
22
NOXON DO BRASIL QUIM. E FARMACÊUTICA LTDA.
23
OUROFINO SAÚDE ANIMAL LTDA.
24
QUINABRA - QUIM. NATURAL BRASIL. LTDA.
25
M.CASSAB COMÉRCIO E INDÚSTRIA LTDA.
26
UNIÃO QUÍMICA FARMACÊUTICA NACIONAL S.A
27
VETNIL IND. E COM. DE PRODS. VETS. LTDA.
28
LABORATÓRIO VENCOFARMA DO BRASIL LTDA
29
LABORATÓRIOS CALBOS LTDA.
30
A. QUÍMICA SANTA MARINA S/A
31
COVELI INDÚSTRIA E COMÉRCIO LTDA.
32
PROVETS SIMÕES LABORATÓRIO LTDA.
33
AGRO INDUSTRIAL CATARINENSE LTDA.
34
IND. E COM. DE ALIM. DES. ALCON LTDA.
Source: elaborated by the authors (2013).
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Despite the national industries have cited the theme Sustainability on their websites, none of
them published the GRI Sustainability Report.
Therefore, as put by Barros, Sauerbronn and Costa (2014), emerging economies, such as
Brazil, are in infancy stage in respect to Sustainability.
The sites of multinational headquarters of veterinary pharmaceutical companies located in
Brazil were also consulted in order to verify whether they mentioned Sustainability and published GRI
for the year 2012 in 2013. It was found that less than half of these headquarters (47%) mentioned
sustainability in their web pages. See Table 3.
Table 3: multinational headquarters that mentioned sustainability on their websites
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
BAYER S.A.
BOEHRINGER INGELHEIM.
DUPONT DO BRASIL S.A.
HIPRA SAÚDE ANIMAL LTDA.
HYPRED BRASIL I.C.PRODS.HIGIENE E LIMPEZ.
IMPEXTRACO LATIN AMÉRICA C.I.PRD.NUTR.LT
LABS. PFIZER LTDA. - DIV. SAÚDE ANIMAL
MERIAL SAÚDE ANIMAL LTDA.
NOVARTIS SAÚDE ANIMAL LTDA.
NUTRON ALIMENTOS LTDA.
SANPHAR SAÚDE ANIMAL LTDA.
TIMAC AGRO IND. E COM. DE FERTILIZANTES
VIRBAC DO BRASIL IND. E COM. LTDA.
ZOETIS IND.DE PRODUTOS VETERINÁRIOS LTDA.
Source: elaborated by the authors (2015).
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In addition, 17% of those headquarters reported GRI for the year 2012 in 2013. Table 4 shows
the names of such industries.
Table 4: multinationals that reported GRI for the year 2012 in 2013
1
BAYER S.A.
2
DUPONT DO BRASIL S.A.
3
4
5
LABS. PFIZER LTDA. - DIV. SAÚDE ANIMAL
NOVARTIS SAÚDE ANIMAL LTDA.
NUTRON ALIMENTOS LTDA.
Source: elaborated by the authors (2015).
Analysis of multinational headquarters shows that, in developed countries, transparency and
integrity regarding sustainable performance is more common than in developing countries, although the
number is still small. This corroborates the studies of Campos et al. (2013), which state that the
development of sustainability reporting is common in Europe, North America and Japan and is
becoming relevant in emerging markets.
FINAL CONSIDERATIONS
There was no evidence that sustainability is actually being addressed by the Brazilian
veterinary pharmaceutical industries, as only 36% of companies cited Sustainability in their websites
and 99% did not publish the GRI Sustainability Report.
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Even though the major number of national pharmaceutical veterinary industries is located in
the state of São Paulo, where there is a large concentration of companies in general, there was no
sufficient awareness of this segment to seek the GRI publication.
Moreover, as less than half of multinational headquarters mentioned sustainability or reported
GRI for the year 2012 in 2013, there are points regarding this issue to be investigated including the
multinational industries.
Thus, a suggestion for future research is to investigate the perception of managers of these
companies on the benefits of adherence to sustainable practices and their respective reports through the
GRI.
If there was greater adherence to the publication of the GRI, it is assumed that there would be
greater transparency of companies to stakeholders.
One limitation of this study is related to the use of secondary data, because they may not
match with total reality of these industries. On the other hand, with the ease of access to the media
today, it can be considered a mistake not to disclose sustainable business actions in their web pages.
Finally, it can be inferred that the major contribution of this study was to show that the theme
Sustainability lacks development in the Brazilian veterinary pharmaceutical industries, both in national
as multinational ones.
14
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