Social Aspects of Sustainable Fisheries

SUSTAINABLE USE OF OCEANS IN THE
CONTEXT OF THE GREEN ECONOMY AND
THE ERADICATION OF POVERTY – RIO +20
“SOCIAL ASPECTS OF SUSTAINABLE
FISHERIES”
René Schärer, Brazil*
MONACO, NOVEMBER 28, 2011
* ICSF – International Collective in support of Fishworkers and
Instituto Terramar
FISHERIES SUSTAINABILITY
3 pillars of sustainability:
social
environmental
economic
The goal is SOCIAL AND ENVIRONMENTAL and the
ECONOMY is the instrument to reach the goals
ARTISANAL FISHERIES ARE THE WAY TO
SUSTAINABILITY
1. HUMAN RIGHTS
OF FISHING COMMUNITIES ARE INDIVISIBLE AND
DEVELOPMENT OF RESPONSIBLE AND SUSTAINABLE
SMALL- SCALE AND INDIGENOUS FISHERIES, IS
POSSIBLE ONLY IF THEIR POLITICAL, CIVIL, SOCIAL,
ECONONIC, AND CULTURAL RIGHTS ARE ADRESSED
IN AN INTEGRATED MANNER.
FISHERS IN BRAZIL READY
TO SAIL FOR PROTEST
VOYAGE SOS SURVIVAL
TO RIO DE JANEIRO
IN 1993
WOMENS RIGHTS
ALL RIGHTS AND FREEDOMS APPLY EQUALLY
TO ALL WOMEN AND MEN IN FISHING
COMMUNITIES AND WE NEED TO
RECOGNIZING THE CONTINUED
CONTRIBUTION OF WOMEN IN
MAINTAINING THE RESILIENCE OF SMALL
SCALE FISHING COMMUNITIES
BANGKOK DECLARATION
FOR FAO VOLUNTARY GUIDELINES
2 FISHER PARTICIPATION IN FISHERIES
AND AQUACULTURE MANAGEMENT
Bangkok Declaration: “Guarantee equal participation of
small-scale and indigenous fishing communities in
fisheries and coastal management decision making,
ensuring their free, prior and informed consent to all
management decisions”.
Small-scale fishers
contribute with their
local ecological knowledge
to science and fisheries
management.
3. FOOD SECURITY AND POVERTY REDUCTION
Reduce poverty and guarantee food security for coastal
communities in developing and emerging countries by
guaranteeing their rights to access,right to food, work and
support for the marketing of their product. Investments in
tourism, real estate business, and renewable energy have
to provide dividends for the communities affected. Land
grabbing for speculation and development projects has to
be rejected. Create conservation units for sustainable use
that guarantees right of access to land, sea and interior
water bodies.
4. LIVELIHOODS, LOCAL DEVELOPMENT AND
COMMUNITY TOURISM
Identify activities that contribute to livelihoods from
complementary activities, which can be replicated in
communities around the world, by guaranteeing access
rights to the land and the natural resources that are the
community's historical rights. Promote sustainable
agriculture, aquaculture on land, sea and the coastal zone.
Develop a global network and a supply chain to promote
“real” community based tourism services.
5. IUU FISHING
Improve income from fisheries, guarantee food security
and reduce poverty by drastically reducing IUU fishing in
the coastal areas of small-scale fishers in all countries,
but especially in developing and emerging countries.
Activities at all levels:
- Draw up and implement national plans of action with
small-scale fishers participation and sharing responsibilities
- Navy to take on responsibility for enforcement and
create coast guard to guarantee fisheries law-enforcement
and safety at sea
- Negotiate local fisheries agreements in order to resolve
local conflicts
SMALL SCALE FISHERS
COOPERATION IN
ENFORCEMENT OR SELF
JUSTICE IN THE ABSENCE
OF THE STATE
6. MARINE PROTECTED AREAS
Achieve bio-diversity conservation, recovery of fish stocks
and degraded areas transformed into sustainable fishing by
reaching targets set in global negotiations for MPA
implementation while guaranteeing full, conscious and
informed participation of small-scale fishers and coastal
communities.
- Implement the commitment by all countries to protect
20% of fishing area
- MPAs need continuous stock evaluation to which fishers
can contribute with their traditional ecological knowledge
-Active participation of local and indigenous communities
and small-scale fishers is a pre-condition for MPA
GEF GRANTS 20 MILLION $ TO PROTECT 5% OF OCEAN
IN BRAZIL
7.FROM CAPTURE TO CONSUMERS, VALUE
SUPPLY CHAIN OF ARTISANAL PRODUCTS
Recover over exploited and vulnerable
fisheries, promote food security and reduce
poverty by valuing the responsible capture
and supply chain with or without certification
of origin or sustainability, with total inclusion
of small scale fishers, communities and NGOs.
CONTROL OF SUPPLY CHAIN REDUCES
ILLEGAL FISHING
UNEP SUPPLY CHAIN FOR SUSTAINABLE
CAPTURE AND CONSUMPTION
BRAZIL LOBSTER CERTIFICATION FOR
SMALL SCALE FISHERIES FOR THE FIFA
WORLD CUP 2014 IN CEARÁ
8. PAYMENT FOR ENVIRONMENTAL SERVICES
Create instruments to make payments to communities
or fishers for environmental services like the
recovery of degraded ecosystems or for participating
in co-management arrangements and providing
monitoring services (environmental agents and enforcement).
C.
-
Financial mechanisms and resources:
National development banks like BNDES, BNB in Brazil
Environmental fines and damage compensation
CO 2 funds Kyoto Protocol and Blue carbon funds
9. SUSTAINABLE FLEET AND ENERGY
Identify initiatives that promote energy saving
innovations and the use of windpower for smallscale boats and medium sized vessels for
replication around the world.
Motorboats in northeastern
Brazil could easily be
substituted by catamarans;
reducing fishing effort,
energy consumption, pollution
and improving fisheries
economics.
A school cat is being built in
Ceará, Brazil
10. MAPPING, MONITORING, REPLICATION AND
COMMUNICATION
There are thousands of successful experiences around the
world. They can be replicated and make a significant
contribution to biodiversity conservation, recovery of fish
stocks, improvements in quality and price of fishery
products and for complementary income, which contribute
to food security and poverty reduction. Worldwide
communication of these experiences is crucial.
ACTION:
-Identify and map successful experiences of responsible
fisheries, co-management, fisheries agreements,
complementary livelihoods, renewable energy, supply chains
and artisanal fish marketing activities
- Set up a global communication network
11. CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION AND ADAPTATION
Rising sea levels, acidification, changes in ocean temperature
and increased storms due to human interventions and
global warming have a growing impact on small scale fishers
and coastal communities food security. Sea level rise
creates new risks such as coastal erosion and flooding that
is already causing loss of habitat and livelihood for human
Populations around the world.
ACTIONS
Programs of research and consultations with coastal
communities to identify the problem and create institutional
structures to create a worldwide internet platform to
communicate ideas for adaptation and mitigation on regional
and national levels to include
IV. SUMMARY
We are at a crucial point in the fishing history and know
About the impact of irresponsible fishing and aquaculture,
mistakes in fisheries management and a lack of political
will to change in many countries.
It is obvious that the solution is only possible with the
partnership of artisanal and small-scale fishers and their
communities. Reduction of subsidies for industrial and other
unsustainable fisheries will make funds available
to invest in ocean conservation and support for small-scale
fishers, not as a subsidy but as a capital investments with a
guaranteed return.
REFERENCES:
#1 The worlds fishers in “The Bangkok Declaration”
#2 Tricia Barnett, Tourism Concern 2009, Putting tourism
to Rights
#3 René Schärer, 2008 World Social Forum Belém
powerpoint presentation
#4 Consultations for voluntary guidelines for Land and Sea
Tenure FAO
#5 After Thomson, D. Conflict within the fishing industry
ICLARM Newsletter 3(3) 3-4 1980; The Hidden Harvests
(World Bank/FAO/World Fish Center 2010)
#6 Begossi Alpina Alpina Begossi, University of St. Cecilia,
Santos, Brasil
#7 Costa Rica workshop for Sustainable Small Scale
Fisheries in OCT 2010
THANK YOU FOR YOUR ATTENTION
PRAINHA DO CANTO VERDE
www.prainhadocantoverde.org
TRADICIONAL JANGADA DO CEARÁ COM 40 COVOS
PESCA RESPONSAVEL DESDE 1950
Wooden Hull
FISHING BOATS
Steel Hull
Obsolete
A FROTA QUE CUSTOU BILHÕES PARA
O ESTADO BRASILEIRO E LEVOU A
SOBREPESCA ENTRE 1970 E 1985
COMANDO DA MARINHA FISCALIZAÇÃO
O ministro da Pesca e
Aquicultura Luiz Sérgio
participou do Ato de
Assinatura de Cessão
de Uso de 11 lanchas
patrulha à Marinha do
Brasil.
SEAP 02 NA RESEX DA PRAINHA
O Ministro da Defesa em exercício, almirante de Esquadra
Moura Neto destacou que a Marinha estará sempre pronta
a contribuir com o Ministério da Pesca e Aquicultura. “As
lanchas cedidas beneficiarão não apenas o MPA, mas
também à Marinha. É um trabalho que desempenharemos
em conjunto”, afirmou Moura Neto.
CERTIFICAÇÃO
Spiny Lobster (Nicaragua, Honduras, Brazil)
The Monterey Bay Aquarium states that spiny lobster
from the US is sustainable, and Caribbean lobster is
OK, while lobster from Nicaragua, Honduras and Brazil
is rated as "Avoid". FishWatch states that Gulf of
Mexico and Atlantic populations are fine but
Caribbean populations are not monitored.
The MCS and Greenpeace have no data.
Lobster fisheries in Nicaragua, Honduras and Brazil
are plagued with issues of overfishing, catching juveniles
, and illegal fishing.
CERTIFICAÇÃO
Conpam debate sobre a Certificação da Lagosta Cearense
Reunião Internacional para discussão da Certificação da
Lagosta Cearense
Conpam realizou nessa sexta-feira, 4, em parceria com
MPA, SPA e Pnuma, Reunião Internacional para discussão
da Certificação da Lagosta Cearense com a participação de
experts do mercado norte-americano.
O presidente do Conpam, Paulo Henrique Lustosa, destacou
que, essa ação além de promover a sustentabilidade
ambiental e econômica para a classe produtora, será de
grande valia no âmbito da Copa 2014, com a garantia de
uma alimentação saudável e sem riscos à saúde dos
visitantes.
DENUNCIA VIOLAÇÃO DIREITOS HUMANOS
Washington | EFE Pescadores etnia Miskita denuncian a
Honduras por falta de seguridad laboral
Los buzos trabajan sin capacitación, sin contrato y sin seguro médico,
para las compañías de pesca de langostas - Por elnuevodiario.com.ni |
Internacionales
La asociación de pescadores de langosta de la etnia Miskita denunció
hoy al Gobierno hondureño ante la Comisión Interamericana de Derechos
Humanos (CIDA) por la falta de inspecciones y medidas de seguridad
para garantizar su actividad, que ha causado minusvalías a más de
4.200 miskitos.
Pescadores de Nicaragua e Brasil estão articulando
as organizações de apoio para entrar com denuncia
contra os seus respectivos governos