Simulado Interno 2014

46.
For information, Alzheimer's Association,
47. 305-891-6228 in Miami-Dade; 954-726-0002 in
48. Broward.
by Patty Shillington
Instrução: responda às questões de número 26 a 32
com base no texto abaixo.
TEXT I
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46.
8
What causes memory loss?
There are hundreds of potential causes
including stress, alcoholism, lack of sleep,
medications like anti-rejection drugs taken
b y transp lant p ati e nts. Also nutri ti o nal
deficiencies, seizure disorders, thyroid and
ki dney di se ase . I th i nk w e sh o uld tre at
memory loss as a symptom. Lots of young
professionals are patients of mine and some
have diseases and others have stress that they
can't manage. Our job is to try to figure out
whether the memory loss is due to a disease.
How do you pinpoint the cause?
It shouldn't be haphazard but targeted. We
hav e patterns to follow, a list of potential
culprits and tests to rule out things. In most
industrial nations, over 65 percent of memory
impairment is due to Alzheimer's disease. The
key to Alzheimer's is early detection, which is
difficult because nerve cells must be depleted
by 80 percent before symptoms occur.
And no matter w hat you do, those cells
aren’t going to resuscitate. So we are looking
for biological markers – a blood test or X-ray
that w ill predict w ho is about to get the
disease so we can act before the symptoms
develop.
What can be done now for Alzheimer's?
All the drugs approved by the Food and Drug
Administration for Alzheimer’s boost the level
of acetylcholine, w hich is one of the key
neurotransmitters and is especially important
for memory circuits. We have known for years
that acetylcholine levels decline in almost all
Alzheimer's patients. These drugs palliate the
pro b le m, but the y w i ll no t pre v e nt th e
disease's eventual progression. The hot topic
r i g h t no w i s M C I - m i ni m um c o g ni t i v e
impairment, which occurs before full-blown
Alzheimer's.
Our goal is to delay Alzheimer's by five years
w hi ch w ould totally change the perso n's
quality of life. An Alzheimer's vaccine study is
now underway and if it works in humans, it
would be great.
For information, Alzheimer's Association,
26. Qual destes fatores não está contemplado no
texto como causador da perda de memória?
(A)
(B)
(C)
(D)
(E)
Doenças renais.
Deficiências nutricionais.
Fumo.
Falta de sono.
Drogas antirrejeição usadas por transplantados.
27. Marque V (verdadeiro) ou F (falso) de acordo
com o texto.
( ) Mais de 65% dos problemas com a perda de
memória na maioria das nações industrializadas é causado pelo mal de Alzheimer.
( ) O objetivo dos pesquisadores é atrasar o
avanço do mal de Alzheimer em 5 anos, o
que irá alterar sensivelmente a qualidade
de vida dos pacientes para melhor.
( ) MCI é a sigla usada para o tópico "quente"
do momento científico na pesquisa do mal
de Alzheimer e quer dizer "ganho cognitivo
mínimo".
( ) Muitos pacientes jovens de Patty Shillington
não conseguem administrar sua falta de memória, principalmente após longos e
estressantes períodos de trabalho sem repouso adequado.
( ) A cura para o mal de Alzheimer está na sua
detecção ainda cedo, o que é difícil pois
ele só se manifesta após 80% das células
nervosas terem sido destruídas.
A sequência correta, é
(A)
(B)
(C)
(D)
(E)
V - V - V - V - V.
V - V - F - F - V.
V - V - V - F - F.
F - F - V - F - F.
F - F - V - F - V.
28. Os vocábulos “we” (linha 07), “mine” (linha
09), “which” (linha 19) e “they” (linha 36)
referem-se, respectivamente, a
Inglês
(A) pacientes de Alzheimer; pacientes de
Patty; detecção de Alzheimer ainda em seu
início; vacinas que estão sendo desenvolvidas.
(B) pacientes de Alzheimer; pacientes de Patty;
droga MCI; cientistas.
(C) pacientes de Patty; pacientes de Alzheimer;
droga MCI; cientistas.
(D) médicos- pesquisadores; pacientes de Patty;
droga MCI; pacientes de Alzheimer.
(E) médicos-pesquisadores; pacientes de
Patty; detecção de Alzheimer ainda em seu
início; drogas usadas no tratamento de
Alzheimer.
29. A palavra “delay” (l. 41) pode ser mais bem
traduzida por
(A)
(B)
(C)
(D)
(E)
acelerar.
aumentar.
retardar.
diminuir.
acabar.
30. A expressão “figure out” (l. 11) poderia ser
substituída, sem alteração de sentido, por
(A)
(B)
(C)
(D)
(E)
understand.
accelerate.
increase.
solve.
lose.
31. A forma “...must be depleted...” (l. 20) é voz
passiva. Assinale a alternativa que apresenta a sua voz ativa correta.
(A)
(B)
(C)
(D)
(E)
Must depleted.
Be depleted.
Must deplete.
Depletes.
Must depletes.
Instrução: responda às questões de número 33 a
40 com base no texto abaixo.
TEXT II
CLICK BY CLICK, TEENS IMPROVE THEIR WRITING
01.
05.
10.
15.
20.
25.
30.
35.
40.
32. A palavra “markers” (l. 24) não possui a mesma formação de
(A)
(B)
(C)
(D)
(E)
developer.
strainer.
blender.
forecaster.
broader.
Simulado Interno 2014 - II
45.
50.
Instant messaging and e-mail are creating a
ne w g e ne rati o n o f te e nag e w r i te rs,
accustomed to translating their every thought
and feeling into words. They write more than
any ge ne rati o n h as si nce the days w he n
telephone calls were rare and the mailman
rounded more than once a day.
Some grammarians fear the rule-free nature
of online correspondence - not to mention use
of teen code, such as shortening "you" to "u"
and typing "ttyl" for "talk to you later" - will
flow into their students' formal writing. But
more and more teachers are concluding that
kids' comfort w ith language actually might
improve their writing, if that interest can be
exploited in the right way.
"These kids are very aware of the power of
the written word," said Gloria Jacobs, who is
writing her doctoral thesis at the University of
Rochester on teenagers and instant messaging.
"They have this fluency with writing online.
Th e y ar e p r ac ti c ally attac h e d to th e i r
keyboard, and I think that w ill help their
writing skills."
More than half of teenagers 17 and younger
who have access to the Internet at home send
e-mail or instant messages at least once a
week, according to a study by a California
research firm and the Corporation for Public
Broadcasting. Many kids spend hours each
ni g h t se nd i ng me ssag e s to f r i e nd s and
strangers. In the process, they are creating a
new so ci al w o rld o nline, o ne th at often
excludes parents. That has brought with it
well-known worries about online predators
and concerns that children spend too much
time on the computer, at the expense of
schoolwork, sports or socializing face to face.
The positive side, researchers and teachers
say, is that e-mail presents a new chance for
teenagers to develop some skills needed for
effectiv e w riting - learning to pick their
w ords and tone carefully to communicate
their message.
Naomi S. Baron, a professor of linguistics at
American University, has researched college
students' electronic messaging and found that
many consider abbreviations babyish. Younger
children, she said, "try to show that they are
smart. One way to do that is to come up with
9
50. smart. One way to do that is to come up with
clever abbreviations and use acronyms that
others may not know."
What kids might not lose, however, is an
intuitiv e understanding that w riting has a
55. purpose and an audience. Kids learn that how
they w rite w ill determine w hether their
m e a n i n g i s r e c e i v e d c o r r e c t l y, t h e
researchers said.
"Writing i s about communicating w ith
60. others. This is a v ery important insight to
learn. So often in classrooms students fail to
understand that they are actually writing for
someone", said David Bloome, a professor of
education at Vanderbilt Univ ersity and the
65. president of the National Council of Teachers
of English.
Students also love writing online, seeing it
as recreation rather than schoolwork. That
opens up possibilities for teachers to exploit
70. the medium. "For a while, people were not
w riting anything," said Barbara Bash, the
director of the Maryland Writing Project
(where she works with public school teachers
from across the state to improv e w riting
75. instruction)." Now, people are actually seeing
words on paper. And that's good."
By Rosalind S. Helderman
www.washingtonpost.com
Tuesday, May 20, 2003; Page 01.
33. According to the teachers and researchers
mentioned in the text, e-mails have been
improving teenage writing because
(A) nowadays kids are more talented than those
from previous generations.
(B) teenagers have been spending more time
doing their school assignments.
(C) youngsters have been learning the
importance of face-to-face interaction.
(D) kids are becoming more skilled in writing
to please their teachers and parents.
(E) teens are writing more and becoming more
conscious of the strength of words in a text.
34. According to the text, abbreviations in
electronic messages are
(A) criticized by language teachers, who often
fail to understand them.
(B) avoided by all university students, who
consider them silly and inappropriate.
(C) preferred by kids, who enjoy using them as
a private language code with their mates.
10
(D) welcomed by grammarians because they
improve students' formal writing.
(E) investigated by researchers who want to
understand how they are created.
35. Mark the correct statement, according to the
fourth paragraph of the text.
(A) Youngsters exchange electronic messages
both with known and unknown people.
(B) The social world many kids create online in
the United States never includes parents.
(C) Less than 50% of teenagers who use the
internet exchange messages on a weekly
basis.
(D) Almost all seventeen-year-olds in California
access the internet at least once a week.
(E) E-mail and instant messaging are used
mainly by those who do not practice sports.
36. Where in the passage does the writer mention
a negative impact of the use of computers
by kids?
(A)
(B)
(C)
(D)
(E)
Lines
Lines
Lines
Lines
Lines
04-07.
12-16.
21-24.
34-38.
39-44.
37. “Barbara Bash' feelings” (lines 70-76) cannot
be described as
(A) happy.
(B) hopeful.
(C) pleased.
(D) gloomy.
(E) optimistic.
38. The pronoun their appears several times in
the text, referring to different things or
ideas. Check the item that gives the correct
referent for the use of their in the line
indicated.
(A) Line 03 - instant messaging and e-mail.
(B) Line 12 - some grammarians.
(C) Line 15 - teachers.
(D) Line 44 - skills.
(E) Line 56 - researchers.
39. Mark the only correct statement.
(A) The word teenage (line 02) is an adjective.
(B) The word calls (line 06) is a verb.
Inglês
(C) The word formal (line 12), could be replaced
by colloquial.
(D) The opposite of effective (line 42) is
harmful.
(E) The word however (line 53) could be
replaced by consequently.
40. The text says that younger children come up
with clever abbreviations (line 50), which
means that they think them up, or suggest
them. Check the item in which the verb
between brackets has the same meaning as
the underlined phrasal verb.
(A) Do not let anyone look down on you just
because you are younger. (hurt)
(B) Local residents will have to put up with noisy
tourists. (welcome)
(C) I am confident that you will get over your
cold very soon. (recover)
(D) Children count on their parents to protect
them. (require)
(E) My sister has decided to cut down on her
smoking. (stop)
42. In you should start each day with a song … in
your soul, should expresses an idea of
(A)
(B)
(C)
(D)
(E)
TEXT IV
Instrução: responda às questões de número 43 a
50 com base no texto abaixo
A FAT NATION
America's 'supersize' diet is fattier and sweeter and deadlier.
01.
05.
Instrução: responda às questões de número 41 e
42 com base na charge abaixo.
TEXT III
10.
15.
20.
Copyright © 2003 United Feature Syndicate, Inc.
25.
Published on May 20, 2003.
41. In the last image of the cartoon, Snoopy is
meditative because Lucy
(A) talked about awful things he wanted to forget.
(B) wanted him to behave as an adult human being.
(C) made him save a lot of time with her boring
speech.
(D) spoiled the peace of his morning with her talk.
(E) tried to convince him to be as talkative as
she is.
Simulado Interno 2014 - II
certainty.
obligation.
impossibility.
probability.
advice.
30.
35.
Pretty, dark-haired Katie Young has been
successful at most things. She's an excellent
student, a star on her softball team, and a
good dancer. But like so many Americans - kids
and adults alike - the New Orleans 10-year-old
struggles with one thing: keeping her weight
under control.
When Katie started day camp in June, she
discovered a snack bar where she could buy
pizza, hot dogs, candy, ice cream, chips, soft
drinks, and more. "Katie went nuts," says her
mother, Judy Young. In the first two weeks of
camp, Katie spent nearly $40 on snack foods.
"I bought a lot of pizza," Katie says. "And I
bought candy and ev erything. I didn't feel
good seeing the other kids eat those things. I
wanted them too."
Of course she did. Katie was acting on a
basic driv ing force of human biology: Eat
whenever food is available and eat as much of
it as possible. Throughout most of human
history, food was scarce, and getting a hold of
it required a great deal of physical energy.
Those who ate as many calories as they could
were protected against famine and had the
energy to reproduce. The problem today, says
Kelly Brownell, director of the Yale Center for
Eating and Weight Disorders, is that there's "a
complete mismatch" between biology and the
environment.
America has become a fat nation. More than
61 percent of adults are overweight, and 27
percent of them -50 million people - are
obese, according to a U.S. surgeon general's
report released last December. In the next
decade, weight-related illnesses threaten to
overwhelm the healthcare system.
Weight is also taking a heav y toll on the
11
40.
45.
50.
55.
60.
65.
Weight is also taking a heavy toll on the
nation's children. The percentage of 6-to-11year-olds w ho are ov erw eight has nearly
doubled in two decades, and for adolescents
the percentage has tripled. Pediatricians are
treating conditions rarely before diagnosed in
y o ung p e o p le . In a r e c e nt stud y o f 813
ov erw eight Louisiana schoolchildren, for
example, 58 percent had at least one heart
disease risk factor, such as high blood pressure
or cholesterol. (…)
Eating opportunities are endless because
food is sold almost everywhere. "Just go back
20 years," says Yale's Brownell. "You never used
to f i nd mo re th an a c and y c o unte r i n a
drugstore. Now there are aisles and aisles of
food. If you see a gas station that does not
have a food store attached, people are afraid
to use it. There are food courts in shopping
malls. And in the schools, there are vending
machines and soft-drink machines - and they
aren't selling carrot juice." (…)
Obesity has been linked to everything from
th e d e cli ne o f th e fami ly di nne r to th e
popularity of computers and video games to
supersize portions of fast food. But it all
comes dow n to a simple calculation, says
University of Colorado nutrition researcher
James Hill: "The primary reason America is fat
is that w e eat too much compared to our
activity level."
By Amanda Spake. U.S. News & World Report,
Aug. 18, 2002.
43. Check the statement that expresses the central idea of the text.
(A) Successful students like Katie Young tend
to have a weight-control problem.
(B) In ancient times there was little food
available, so people did not put on weight.
(C) The popularity of computers and video
games is the chief cause of obesity in
America.
(D) Overweight children in the American state
of Louisiana suffer from high blood
pressure.
(E) Americans of all ages are becoming
overweight, which raises the risk of weightrelated illnesses.
44. When the author says that America's
supersize diet is deadlier (title line) she
means that it
12
(A)
(B)
(C)
(D)
(E)
is now more harmful to people's health.
may take away people's physical energy.
will certainly ruin the health care system.
makes people control their weight.
causes people to feel intoxicated.
45. A strategy for reading a text with
understanding is to find the plan for the
paragraphs. Mark the incorrect statement
about the function of one (or two) of the
paragraphs in the text.
(A) Paragraphs 1 and 2 tell a true-life story to
introduce the topic of the text.
(B) Paragraph 3 explains human eating habits
in the light of biological studies.
(C) Paragraphs 4 focuses on the problem of
excess weight among adults in America.
(D) Paragraph 5 shows how the health of U.S.
children is becoming affected by obesity.
(E) Paragraphs 6 and 7 condemn the excess of
food courts, computers and videogames.
46. In all the lines below the author presents
arguments to justify why America is
becoming a fat nation, except in
(A) In the next decade ... healthcare system.
(lines 35-37)
(B) Eating opportunities ... aisles of food.
(lines 49-54)
(C) There are food courts ... carrot juice. (lines
56-59)
(D) Obesity has been linked ... fast food. (lines
60-63)
(E) The primary reason ... activity level. (lines
66-68)
47. Mark the correct statement concerning
reference.
(A)
(B)
(C)
(D)
(E)
them (line 17) refers to kids.
it (line 23) refers to food.
it (line 56) refers to food store.
they (line 58) refers to food courts.
it (line 63) refers to fast food.
48. In the text, the words “nearly” (line 13) and
“rarely” (line 43) could be replaced by
(A)
(B)
(C)
(D)
(E)
"almost" and "seldom".
"over" and "infrequently".
"beyond" and "only now and then".
"approximately" and "quite often".
"exactly" and "almost never".
Inglês
49. The author's attitude in relation to the
situation described in this article is one of
(A) optimism.
(B) panic.
(C) sarcasm.
(D) concern.
(E) approval.
Simulado Interno 2014 - II
50. The verbal form “has been” (line 01) is
present perfect. The only sentence in which
the same structure is used correctly is
(A)
(B)
(C)
(D)
(E)
Peter has already been to China last year.
It’s the first time he has driven a car.
Have you heard from George yesterday?
I haven’t eaten anything when I visited Mary.
Paul hasn’t done his tasks two weeks ago.
13