TCA Conservation Area training manualIf you would like to make a

konsevesin eria buk
BUK BILONG
KONSEVEISIN
ERIA MENESMEN
Tenkile Conservation Alliance
2009
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konsevesin eria buk
TABLE OF CONTENTS
TOK I GO PAS ................................................................................................................. 4
TOK I GO PAS ................................................................................................................. 6
HISTORI BILONG TCA.................................................................................................... 7
As tingting bilong TCA.................................................................................................. 7
Rot bilong winim as tingting bilong TCA....................................................................... 8
PROTEKTED ERIA........................................................................................................ 12
Protekted Eria - em i wanem samting? ...................................................................... 12
Sampela ples we igat pinis protekted erias!............................................................... 13
Konseveisin eria ......................................................................................................... 14
SAVE BILONG TUMBUNA ............................................................................................ 15
Ol manmeri na ol busgraun ........................................................................................ 15
Painim na kilim wel abus ............................................................................................ 16
Wokim Gaden............................................................................................................. 18
Marasin Bilong Bus .................................................................................................... 18
Kastom na Pasin Tumbuna ........................................................................................ 19
Senis long Kastom na Kalsa ...................................................................................... 20
SAVE BILONG SAIENS................................................................................................. 21
Tok igo pas ................................................................................................................. 21
Wanem wok bilong Saientis? ..................................................................................... 22
Distens Sempling Risets ............................................................................................ 23
LONG ENVIRONMEN ................................................................................................... 24
Tok i go pas ................................................................................................................ 24
Long Environmen ....................................................................................................... 25
Ekosistems ................................................................................................................. 26
Bikbus o Renfores ...................................................................................................... 31
Rileisinsip (Wokbung wantaim) ................................................................................. 32
Food Webs / Food Chains.......................................................................................... 33
BIODIVERSITY / (Kain kain abus, diwai, flawa na binatang samting) .......................... 35
Tok igo pas ................................................................................................................. 35
Classification (luksave gut na givim nem) .................................................................. 36
Biodiversity ................................................................................................................. 44
Bagarap bilong Biodiversity........................................................................................ 47
NATURAL RISOSES/ RISOSES BILONG GRAUN ...................................................... 49
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Tok igo pas ................................................................................................................. 49
Natural risoses – em wanem samting? ...................................................................... 50
Natural risos menesmen ............................................................................................ 50
Natural Risos Menesmen ........................................................................................... 51
REFERENCES AND CONTACTS ................................................................................. 65
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TOK I GO PAS
Tenkile Conservation Alliance isave wok bung wantaim pipol insait long ol “moratorium
villages ” na Wape eria long Lumi Distrik bilong Sandaun Provins, Papua Niugini. Ol
papa graun bilong Tenkile na Weimangke i kamapim dispela konseveisin eria long
banisim dispela tupela spesol abus. Nau TCA i helpim pipol bilong ples long kisim moa
save long menesim na lukautim busgraun, abus na diwai bilong ol. Bikpela wok bilong
TCA em long kirapim sampela wok bilong lukautim bikbus na kainkain abus wantaim.
TCA ino wanpela kampani bilong wokim moni, o kamapim rot projek o bikpela
divelopmen, nogat! Wok bilong TCA em long helpim givim skul long ol pipol bilong ples
insait long Toriseli Maunten long lukautim ol bikbus na ol abus istap insait long ol bus
bipo long abus i pinis olgeta. TCA i helpim tu long kamapim wok painim aut bilong
Tenkile na Weimangke long maunten na kirapim protin projeks olsem rebit faming.
Dispela wok bilong konseveisin ino samting bilong kisim moni, nogat! Em i wok bilong
lukautim enviromen bilong yupela. Olgeta komiti memba i mama na papa bilong
dispela konseveisin eria na yupela mas menesim olgeta samting gut na stopim ol
manmeri huset i laik bagarapim ol samting long bus olsem ol abus na diwai. Sopos ol
brukim lo bilong dispela konseveisin eria yu mas tok aut long ol na soim ol gutpela rot
bilong lukautim na menesim ol risoses bilong yupela.
As tingting bilong dispela buk na trening progrem em bilong helpim yupela ol
memba insait long dispela konseveisin eria menesmen komiti long lukautim
busgraun na abus bilong yupela gut
Bikpela tingting bilong dispela liklik buk na trening em long;
1. helpim yupela ol risos ona wantaim save bilong ol renfores bilong PNG na ol
kainkain abus na diwai; wei bilong menesim ol risoses wantaim save bilong
tumbuna na sains; soim na givim piksa long gutpela wei bilong katim ol diwai
na usim gut graun; na wei bilong lukautim ol visita ikam long konseveisin eria
wantaim ol rot bilong kisim moa helpim
2. givim gutpela save bilong konseveisin bai olgeta manmeri bilong ples i ken isi
long bihainim na lukautim ol risoses long graun bilong ol
3. bihainim ol rot istap pinis long kisim na usim gut ol risoses long graun na
abrusim bagarap bai kamap long renfores bilong PNG
4. kisim save long ol lo bilong PNG we i sut stret long konseveisin eria
5. luksave long plenti diwai na abus samting we i gutpela long helpim laif na istap
insait nau long Toriseli maunten na PNG
6. strongim long lukautim gut ol risoses long graun we bai helpim ol pikinini na
tumbuna ikam bihain
7. givim save na helpim ol komiti memba na papamama bilong ol risoses insait
long ol konseveisin menesmen eria long ol yet imas lukautim gut ol risoses
bilong ol.
Long pinis bilong dispela woksop olgeta manmeri istap insait long dispela trening
long;
1. wokim kamap map long graun bilong ol na luksave long ol risoses istap
graun
2. raitim kamap 5 pela yia menesmen plen bilong usim gut ol risoses insait
wanwan hap bilong ol
3. paitim toktok na skelim ol hevi we bai i kamap sapos ol manmeri i hariap
usim na bagarapim ol risoses bilong ol
4. skelim gut ol rot istap nau long wei bilong usim gut ol risoses bilong ol
inap
long
long
long
konsevesin eria buk
5. kamapim gutpela tingting na wok bung wantaim wanpela na narapela.
Gutpela save na wei bilong wok iken kamapim gutpela kaikai sopos ol manmeri inap
long usim long olgeta dei long laif bilong ol long ples. Taim ol manmeri i usim gut ol
skul insait long dispela liklik buk plenti taim bai ol inap kisim save. Dispela gutpela save
inap tru long helpim olgeta manmeri bilong ples na ol menesmen komiti long kamapim
na kisim gutpela helpim taim ol i lukautim graun na risoses bilong ol.
Dispela Non Gavman Grup (NGO) ol kolim Tenkile Conservation Alliance (TCA), i bin
kamapim dispela buk. Jean Thomas, Capacity Building Opisa bilong TCA i bin raitim.
Melchior Yaisi i bin tanim long tok pisin na Bridget Hayes bilong Melbourne Zoo i
bilasim wantaim ol piksa nambaut. Ol lain bilong Melbourne Zoo (AUST), Global
Environment Fund (GEF-PNG) na Rufford Small Grants for Nature Conservation (UK) i
bin givim helpim moni long kamapim dispela buk.
This Project was undertaken with funding from the Australian Government through the
Regional Natural Heritage Programme.
Plenti helpim i kam long gavman bilong Ostrelia ananit long Regional Natural Heritage
Programme (RNHP)
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TOK I GO PAS
Tenkile na Weimangke em tupela narapela kain longpela tel kapul bilong diwai. Dispela
tupela wel abus i bilong wanpela grup ol i kolim tri kengeru we namba bilong ol i klostu
pinis nau insait long dispela hap graun bilong wol. Olgeta man istap nau long mak
bilong traim banisim namba bilong Tenkile long noken pinis olgeta. Ples bilong Tenkile
long Toresili maunten istap gut yet na ino olsem Ostrelia o plenti ol arapela hap long
wol we igat plenti bagarap. Insait long Toresili maunten na bikbus, igat liklik bagarap
bilong bus tasol na tu nogat narapela wel abus em man i kisim na putim igo insait long
Toresili wantaim Tenkile long bagarapim em. Bikpela hevi tasol isave kamap long taim
man isave go painim abus long bus na kilim Tenkile. Arapela kain abus i pinis olgeta
nau em Guria pisin na Weimangke i pinis insait long Fatima eria.
Tasol long 1999, dispela hevi i stat long pinis taim ol pipol bilong wan wan ples i bin
wanbel long sainim Moratorium o tok orait long noken kilim Tenkile. Long dispela, TCA
i tok amamas na tenkyu long kirapim dispela samting. Em i wanpela bikpela mak o
step we pipol i mekim long helpim Tenkile istap long bihain bihain taim. Na tu, yupela
nau i redi long kirapim wanpela Konseveisin Eria aninit long lo bilong Papua Niugini na
em i bikpela samting tru long sevim dispela kain abus na ol narapela abus, bikbus na
diwai insait long Toricelli maunten. Long dispela, TCA i amamas moa na tok bikpela
tenkyu tru long makim maus bilong ol abus, renfores na ol manmeri bilong narapela hap
bilong wol.
Ol Konseveisin Eria Menesmen Komiti Memba igat wok nau long lukautim dispela
samting yu redi long kirapim. Bikpela wok istap long han bilong yupela long kirapim
olgeta samting na bihainim ol lo na mekimsave yupela i tingting long usim na lukautim
busgraun bilong yupela. Dispela wok igat bikpela mining na em bai givim yu nem na
namba insait long komuniti na long autsait wol.
Sampela tingting mi givim tasol long yupela.
Mi bilip dispela liklik buk bai helpim yupela long luksave olsem busgraun em i bun tru
bilong sapotim laif bilong yupela na ol pikinini na tumbuna long bihain taim. Yupela
mas usim gut busgraun na noken seksek long moni na larim bagarap kamap long graun
na bus o diwai bilong yupela. Lukautim gut dispela liklik buk na usim dispela skul long
sevim graun na risoses bilong yupela long nau na taim ikam bihain.
Jean Thomas – Capacity Building Opisa
Tenkile Conservation Alliance
HISTORI BILONG TCA
Long 1998, wanpela miting bilong longpela tel kapul bilong PNG i bin kamap long Lae.
Dispela grup long miting, ol i kolim long tok Inglis olsem “PNG Tree Kangaroo
Population and Habitat Viability Assessment “ (PHVA). Long dispela bung, ol i painim
aut olsem Dendrolagus scottae (Tenkile) na Dendrolagus goodfellowi pulcherrimus
(Weimangke) istap long mak bilong klostu namba bilong ol long bikbus bai pinis olgeta
aninit long wanpela mama lo bilong International Union of Conservation of Nature,
(IUCN). Dispela miting tu i makim kamap wanpela lain long kirapim wanpela as tingting
o progrem long banisim namba bilong Tenkile long noken pinis. Ol manmeri insait long
dispela grup em:
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
Chris Talie (makim ol pipol bilong Lumi)
Johnathan Wilken (ARAZPA, Australia)
Gary Slater (Melbourne Zoo, Australia)
Frank Bonaccorso (PNG Museum)
Ilaiah Bigidale (PNG Museum)
Tony Jupp (Perth Zoo, Australia)
Maria Franke (Zenag Toronto Zoo)
Will Betz (Field Researcher / Tree Kangaroo SSP)
Peter Clarke (Rainforest Habitat, Lae)
Bihain long dispela bung wanpela tim i bin kam patrol long Toriseli maunten long mun
Disemba bilong 1998 tasol ol i bungim hevi bilong moni na ino pinisim gut wok patrol.
Long mun Jun namba 18 de igo long namba 23 de long yia 1999, namba tu tim i mekim
wok patrol long kisim stori na tingting bilong ol pipol bilong Toriseli maunten. Long
dispela taim tu, ol i bin kamapim wanpela miting wantaim ol pipol long Lumi kansol
samba we wanpela ten na tri ples (13) istap aninit long Toriseli maunten i bin sainim
Moratorium long noken kilim Tenkile inap long 2 pela krismas.
Long 2001 Tenkile Conservation Alliance (TCA) i bin
kamap. TCA igat luksave bilong PNG gavman olsem
wanpela NGO grup. Em igat 7pela bod memba long ol
arapela bikpela skul na bodi insait long Australia na PNG
wantaim tupela man makim ol papagraun. Long 2007 nem
bilong ol bod memba insait long TCA em:
• Graeme Gillespi (Zoos Victoria, Australia) Siaman
• Chris Banks (Zoos Victoria, Australia) Director
• Steve Hamilton (Taronga Zoo, Australia) Secretary
• Roger Martin Memba
• Matthew Akon (Maiwetem Village, Lumi) Memba
• Patrick Ikon (Wigote Village, Lumi) Memba
• Brian Pecyuma (Sandaun Provincial Government,
Vanimo) Member
As tingting bilong TCA
As tingting bilong TCA em long lukautim olgeta kain kain abus (biodiversity) insait long
Toriseli Maunten. Long dispela wei ol abus inap stap longpela taim bihain. Dispela em
mining bilong “conservation”.
konsevesin eria buk
Rot bilong winim as tingting bilong TCA
Wei bilong winim dispela as tingting em:
1.
2.
3.
4.
kamapim tambu long kilim tri kengeru olsem Tenkile na Weimangke
kamapim senis abus olsem rebit faming long ples
wokim risets long maunten na painim aut hamas abus istap
wokim edukeisin progrem long helpim olgeta man, meri na pikinini save long
lukautim abus, graun na wara
5. kamapim tambu eria long bikbus olsem konseveisin eria bilong Toriseli
Maunten.
Ol dispela samting em sut stret long dispela as tingting bilong TCA long sevim abus
(biodiversity) long Toriseli maunten.
1.
Wok bilong tambu long kilim tri kengeru
As tingting bilong dispela wok em long lukautim ol tri kengeru olsem Tenkile na
Weimangke bipo long dispela tupela abus i pinis olgeta (extinct). Sopos ol manmeri
long ples ino kilim dispela kain abus, tupela igat gutpela sans long stap laif long bikbus
long taim bihain.
2.
Wok bilong Protin Faming
Aninit long dispela wok, TCA ilaik lukim olgeta man, meri na pikinini igat inap protin long
kaikai olgeta dei long wik. Tingting bilong TCA i olsem, sopos yupela igat inap mit long
kaikai dispela, bai stopim yupela long go na kilim abus long bus. Dispela bai sevim
abus insait long Toriseli maunten na long ol bus klostu long ples. Dispela kain projek tu
bai helpim long daunim dispela sik bun nating, na ol pikinini inap gro strong na kamap
bikpela moa.
3.
Wok bilong risets.
As tingting bilong dispela wok em long helpim TCA skelim hamas abus istap insait long
Toriseli Maunten. Distance Sampling em wanpela wei ol saveman bilong saiens i usim
long painim aut namba bilong Tenkile na hamas arapela abus istap long maunten
Dispela bai helpim TCA luksave long namba bilong abus we istap gut na namba bilong
abus igo daun. Sopos manmeri ino go aut long bus na kilim abus, bihain yu inap
luksave olsem namba bilong abus bai igo antap.
4.
Wok bilong edukeisin progrem
Aninit long dispela wok, TCA i laik helpim olgeta man, meri na pikinini save moa long
lukautim abus, diwai, graun na wara. As tingting bilong dispela em long helpim ol lain
insait long Toriseli maunten, Lumi na Sandaun Provins long luksave olsem wel abus
bilong bus ino samting nating. Ol igat nem na namba long Papua Niugini na long wol.
Dispela wok bai traim helpim ol lain long ples opim ai na pilim amamas na praud long
lukautim ol risoses long busgraun bilong ol.
5.
Wok bilong Konseveisin Eria
As tingting bilong dispela wok bilong kamapim ol lo na sampela tambu eria long bikbus
em long banisim ol manmeri long go raun na pinisim ol abus long maunten. Ol kolim
‘konseveisin o Protekted’ eria. Dispela bai helpim long registerim graun aninit long lo
bilong gavman. Dispela lo bai helpim ol papa graun na ol lain long ples lukautim olgeta
risoses bilong graun gut insait long Toriseli Maunten.
TCA ino wanpela kampani bilong wokim bisnis olsem baim vanilla na gold na
wokim profit, nogat! Wok bilong TCA em long lukautim ol abus, diwai na bikbus
tasol (konseveisin).
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Plenti pipol i tingting olsem TCA em wanpela bikpela kampani na em igat plenti moni na
bai wokim ol wok bilong gavman olsem rot, helpim skul o hausik samting. Plenti pipol i
tingting olsem sopos ol wok wantaim TCA bai ol kisim bikpela pe. Na sampela laik
askim long kisim helpim long TCA long baim skul fi samting. Dispela kain tingting ino
trupela na gutpela. Em i wanpela sik istap insait long Papua Niugini na yumi olgeta
mas traim long stopim o pinisim. Yupela ol pipol i mas tingting gut long pasin na
sindaun bilong yupela. Sopos yupela laik kisim sampela helpim ikam long TCA, yupela
mas wok hat na redi long putim liklik hap moni olsem 10 pesen samting long helpim yu
yet. Senis ino inap kamap nating, yu mas wok hat long kamapim senis. Yu mas kamap
‘self reliant’, dispela em trupela na gutpela senis o divelopmen.
Yupela redi long wokim wok o nogat?
Wok TCA i bin wokim pinis:
TCA i bin kamapim dispela as tingting long wok progrem bilong em:
¾
¾
¾
1998, Bung wantaim bilong ol lain bilong Tri Kengeru i kamap long Lae.
1999, Peter Clark an Chris Talie i bung wantaim ol 13 viles long sainim
dispela hunting moratorium bilong Tenkile long Lumi.
2001 Tenkile Conservaiton Alliance i bin kamap wanpela Non-Government
Organisation (NGO) insait long Papua Niugini. Igat wanpela bod we Peter
Clark, Gary Slater, Lisa Dabek, Steve Hamilton na Chris Talie istap insait.
Namba wan wokman bilong TCA, Tom Pringle i bin kam raun na wokim
sampela awenes bilong lukautim Tenkile na busgraun bilong yupela.
2002; Wok TCA i bin wokim pinis:
Namba tu wokman bilong TCA i kamap long Lumi em John Barry wantaim Rob
Small. Ol i wokim namba wan distens sempling long Swepini.long maunten bilong
Wilbeite ples long Fatima.
¾ Konseveisin Opisa (John Barry) igo long patrol long ol ples, givim toktok
bilong konseveisin long ol skul na ples insait long Moratorium eria.
¾ Rob Small, Kasbeth Evie na John Barry i mekin wok painin aut bilong
namba bilong Tenkile long Swepini. Rob Small i mekim ripot olsem namba
bilong Tenkile istap long Toriseli maunten long dispela taim i samting olsem
140 tasol.
¾ Long namba 11 na 12 mun bilong yia 2002, Nancy Sullivan wantaim ol
sumatin bilong em kam raun painin aut tumbuna stori, kastom na kalsa
bilong Wape pipol. Ol kisim stori bilong hamas Tenkile em ol i bin kilim
pinis na tu long wanem kain ol kaikai bilong Tenkile. Ol stat long Wai’eli igo
inap olsem long Hapseim ples long Nuku District.
¾ Ol i bin raitim wanpela ripot pepa bihainim dispela wokabaut long tambuim
namba bilong Tenkile long pinis.
¾ Painim rot bilong wokim moni bilong mekim wok – kirapim na opim ai bilong
plenti manmeri bilong PNG na Australia long luksave long wok bilong sevim
Tenkile.
2003; Wok TCA i bin wokim:
¾ Givim wok igo long Jim Thomas (Projek Menesa) na Jean Thomas
(Edukeisin Opisa).
¾ Patrol long olgeta ples na givim toktok bilong TCA.
¾ Sainim hunting moratorium gen, na igat 18 viles stap insait long TCA projek
eria o hunting moratorium nau.
¾ Kamapim distens sempling risets saits insait long 7pela hap bilong Toriseli
maunten.
¾ Wokim konseveisin edukeisin progrem insait long ol skul na long ples.
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¾
¾
Wokim edukeisin bilong nutrisen insait long ples.
Kirapim rebit faming long TCA eria long Lumi.
2004; Wok TCA i bin wokim:
¾ Stat wokim distens sempling long 7pela saits bilong Toriseli maunten.
¾ Wokim drama na redio progrem.
¾ Wokim skul edukeisin progrem.
¾ Wokim nutrisen progrem.
¾ Wokim rebit trening na kamapim rebit faming long ples.
2005; Wok TCA i bin wokim:
¾ Skruim wok bilong distens sempling long 7pela saits bilong Toriseli
maunten.
¾ Wokim distens sempling Opisa trening progrem.
¾ Pinisim wok bilong rebit faming.
¾ Statim wok bilong kakaruk projek.
¾ Pinisim skul edukeisin progrem.
¾ Wokim drama edukeisin progrem.
¾ Wokim redio progrem.
¾ Wokim Tisa in sevis trening long helpim ol tisa long kamapim pepa bilong.
skulim ol pikinini na givim skul tu long ol tisa.
¾ Wokim wara saplai olsem wara tenk insait long ples.
¾ Stat long toktok bilong konseveisin eria.
2006; Wok TCA i bin wokim:
¾ Skruim yet wok bilong distens sempling risets long 7 pela saits bilong
Toriseli maunten.
¾ Statim skul bilong wokim na lukautim gutpela gaden.
¾ Pinisim drama edukeisin progrem.
¾ Wokim liklik puppet show.
¾ Wokim redio progrem na givim wind-up redio long olgeta ples.
¾ Wokim skul bilong lukautim wara tenk.
¾ Kamapim meping woksop bilong konseveisin eria.
¾ Kirapim Weimang progrem we ol 9pela viles i bin sainim wanpela hunting
moratoium insait long Weimang (Sibilanga) eria.
2007; Wok TCA i bin wokim:
¾ Skruim yet wok bilong distens sempling risets long 7 pela saits bilong
Toriseli maunten. Ol lain long ples bin wokim tasol.
¾ Wokim skul bilong wokim na lukautim gutpela gaden.
¾ Winem Rural Wara Saplai na Sanitation Progrem (RWSSP) moni na
kamapim skul bilong helt na hygiene long wanwan ples.
¾ Wokim skul bilong VIP toilet, tippy tap na lukautim wara tenk.
¾ Givim materials bilong 60 wara tenk an toilet long ol Tenkile viles.
¾ Wokim skul bilong lukautim wara tenk.
¾ Wokim tisa in-servis trening long Lumi na Sibilanga.
¾ Kirapim rebit projek long ol Weimang viles na wokim skul bilong lukautim
rebit.
¾ Statim kakaruk projek bilong olgeta Tenkile na Weimang viles.
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2008; Wok TCA i bin wokim:
¾ Skruim yet wok bilong distens sempling risets long 7 pela saits bilong
Toriseli maunten. Ol lain long ples bin wokim tasol.
¾ Kirapim wanpela distens sempling risets sait long Weimang eria.
¾ Pinisim ol wok bilong RWSSP. Sanapim olgeta 60 Tuffa tenk, VIP toilets
na tippy taps.
¾ Wokim lukim na skelim long ol RWSSP – ol kolim Monitoring na Evaluation.
¾ Pinisim ol wok bilong rebit projek insait long Weimang viles. Olgeta ples i
kisim skul pinis na kisim sampela rebit pinis.
¾ Kirapim kakaruk projek long olgeta 39 viles. Olgeta ples i bin kisim wia
pinis na olgeta Tenkile viles i kisim sampela kakaruk pinis.
¾ Wokim Konsevesin Eria Menesmen Trening long ol Tenkile viles pinis.
¾ Statim wok bilong skelim ol Konsevesin Eria land boundaries wantaim
GPS.
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PROTEKTED ERIA
Protekted Eria - em i wanem samting?
Protekted eria em graun i stap aninit long lo bilong Papua Niugini olsem:
•
•
•
Nesinel Pak
Wailaif Menesmen Eria (WMA)
Konseveisin Eria
Insait long Papua Niugini ol tumbuna i bin kolim ol protekted eria olsem “ples masalai”.
Dispela em sampela graun we ol i pret long go insait na painim abus o wokim gaden.
Dispela em wankain olsem wanpela protekted eria bilong tumbuna. Nau plenti kastom i
senis na bagarapim ol kainkain samting bilong ples. Em nau gavman i bihainim tingting
bilong wait man na igat dispela rot long kamapim “protekted eria”. Long dei 7 bilong
mun February, 1963 Papua Niugini i kamapim namba wan protekted eria ol kolim
Variata National Park. Dispela em i stat bilong kirapim plenti protekted eria insait long
Papua Niugini. Papua Niugini igat samting olsem 51 pela protekted erias nau. Tasol
Sandaun na Enga Provins inogat wanpela yet. Toriseli maunten bai kamap namba wan
protekted eria insait long Sandaun Provins.
Ol lo bilong Protekted Eria
Insait long Papua Niugini igat tripela (3) kain lo karamapim ol protekted eria olsem:
1. Nesinel Pak – em i graun bilong gavman kain olsem Kokoda Trail na Variata
National Park.
2. Wailaif Menesmen Eria (WMA) – em i graun bilong ol papagraun tasol lo bai
lukautim ol abus tasol. Kain olsem Crater Maunten, Lake Kutubu na Kamiali.
3. Konseveisin Eria – em i graun bilong ol papa graun tu tasol lo bai lukautim
olgeta environmen olsem ol abus, diwai, graun na wara olsem dispela long
Huon Peninsula.
Bilong wanem i mas igat Protekted Erias?
Igat plenti gutpela as long kamapim wanpela protekted eria insait long ples olsem:
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
Lukautim abus, diwai na flawa samting long stap longpela taim.
Rausim ol divelopmen nogut olsem loging na maining.
Lukautim ol environmen bilong abus olsem bus, wara na graun.
Lukautim ol kain kain abus (biodiversity).
Larim ol turis na saientis kam na lukluk long graun bilong yupela.
Lukautim ol raits bilong ol papagraun.
Lukautim ol kastom na kalsa bilong papagraun.
Huset bai wokim?
Olgeta papagraun tasol bai wokim dispela samting. Ol kastomeri lenonas i ken kirapim
wanpela protekted eria. Plenti taim ol lain long ples inogat gutpela save long kirapim
kain projek olsem na ol NGO grup olsem TCA isave helpim. Taim ol pepa wok igo long
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konsevesin eria buk
han bilong gavman, ol lain bilong Dipatmen bilong Environmen na Konseveisin bai
givim tok orait long kamapim wanpela protekted eria.
Rot bilong kirapim wanpela protekted eria!
Rot bilong dispela samting em i longpela liklik. Yupela bai bihainim ol wan wan liklik
step long wokabaut long dispela rot. Dispela samting bai kisim longpela taim na igat
wok bilong em olsem:
1. olgeta komuniti i mas wanbel long wanem kain protekted eria yu laikim. Kain
olsem Nesinel Pak, WMA o Konseveisin eria, bipo long wokim wanpela
agrimen
2. komuniti i mas kisim gutpela tingting na wanbel long wankain tingting long
wanem as ol i laik long kirapim protekted eria. Nogut sampela lain igat laik long
loging o maining bihain taim na ol kros na hevi bai kamap
3. sindaun na wokim wanpela sket mep na skelim busgraun gut na raitim ol pilo
mak (boundaries) long sampela hap graun long kamap olsem protekted eria
4. yu mas kamapim ol lo o ruls bilong lukautim dispela eria
5. yu mas kamapim ol mekimsave long wan wan lo
6. kamapim wanpela menesmen komiti long lukautim dispela eria na busgraun
7. toktok stori wantaim komuniti na kisim tok orait na olgeta mas wanbel
8. salim ol pepa wok igo long gavman; lokol level, provinsel na nesinel gavman
9. kisim tok orait bilong gavman olsem DEC, gavman ministas, bikman na gavana
generel (GG) mas sainim
10. Long PNG, gavman pepa ol kolim ‘Nesinel Keset’ bai tok save sopos graun
bilong yu istap aninit long PNG lo bilong protekted eria.
Sampela ples we igat pinis protekted erias!
Sampela ples insait long Papua Niugini igat protekted eria pinis em:
Wildlife Mangement Area (WMA)
Crater Mountain (Western Highlands)
Kamiali (Morobe)
Tonda (Western Province)
Lake Kutubu (Southern Highlands)
Hunstein Range (East Sepik Proince)
Conservation Area
Huon Peninsula (Morobe Province)
National Park
Variata National Park
Mount Wilhelm
Sandaun na Enga Provins
inogat wanpela protekted
eria yet.
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konsevesin eria buk
Konseveisin eria
Lo bilong konseveisin eria em igat moa strong an winim WMA bikos WMA bai lukautim
ol abus tasol na ino inap lukautim ol bikbus, wara na graun wantaim. So lo bilong
konseveisin eria i winim WMA. Lo bilong konseveisin eria bai karamapim olgeta
samting olsem bus, diwai, abus, wara na olgeta environmen. Lo bilong WMA bai
karamapim ol abus tasol. Olsem na olgeta lain long Toriseli Maunten mas wanbel long
kirapim wanpela Konseveisin eria na ino WMA.
TCA i bin helpim ol lain bilong wan wan ples long kamapim wanpela konseveisin eria
insait long Toriseli maunten. Dispela samting bai strongim raits bilong yupela ol papa
graun na lukautim ol bus, diwai na abus bilong yupela. Ino samting bilong kisim moni o
divelopmen o sevis, nogat! Dispela em i samting bilong lukautim busgraun bilong
yupela bai olgeta pikinini na tumbuna ikam bihain taim bai igat inap abus na busgraun
long usim na sapotim laif bilong ol.
Sampela pipol igat tingting nogut olsem konseveisin eria bai givim papagraun sampela
luksave long kisim kago o sevis samting bilong wan wan ples. Sopos yu ting
konseveisin eria bai givim yu kain sevis olsem rot, skul, hausik, o wokmoni, dispela em
kranki tingting. Dispela konseveisin eria em i samting bilong lukautim graun na raits
bilong kastom na kalsa bilong yu. Ino samting bilong kisim sevis o helpim ikam long
TCA o gavman—nogat. So tingting gut sopos yu laik kirapim wanpela protekted o
konseveisin eria.
Em i laik bilong yu nau!
Wanpela lain long Morobe Provins i bin kamapim wanpela konseveisin eria pinis—em i
namba wan konseveisin eria insait long Papua Niugini. Sandaun Provins inogat
wanpela yet. Sopos yumi wokim hia long Toriseli Maunten, dispela bai namba wan
long Sandaun Provins.
Konseveisin Eria Menesmen Komiti Memba
Taim yu kamapim wanpela konseveisin eria pinis yu mas kamapim wanpela komiti long
lukautim olgeta samting na menesim dispela konseveisin eria. Taim yu makim ol komiti
memba olgeta komunit i mas wanbel long husat igo insait long dispela komiti. Insait
long dispela komiti em i gutpela yu gat ol lain husat inap toktok strong na ino maus pas
na sem. Ol memba i mas wokim ol dispela wok olsem:
1. komiti memba mas tokaut long komuniti long strongim ol lo insait long
konseveisin eria na soim ol olsem as tingting bilong dispela konseveisin eria
em long lukautim busgraun na abus long stap gut longpela taim ikam bihain
2. patrol na go insait long konseveisin eria na skelim bus i stap orait o igat
sampela bagarap
3. komiti bai lukluk long kamapim 5pela yia plen long menesim ol risoses bilong
graun long dispela eria na kamapim sampela gutpela wok long lukautim na
menesim dispela environmen
4. na tu dispela komiti bai lukautim ol visita igo insait long konseveisin eria olsem
ol turis o lain saientis.
5. menesim ol moni i kamap long lukautim dispela eria (olsem ol saiens wok fees
na turis fees etc)
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konsevesin eria buk
SAVE BILONG TUMBUNA
Long pinis bilong dispela hap bilong skul ol manmeri i ksim dispela skul inap long:
•
•
•
•
•
•
kisim save long pasin tumbuna na ol lo bilong lukautim ol risoses long graun
kisim save long ol rot we ol tumbuna i save kisim na usim ol risoses long graun
painim aut long save na sampela wei bilong ol tumbuna we i senis pinis
painim aut hamas risoses bilong graun istap nau bihain long ol senis na wei
bilong pasin tumbuna
skelim na luksave long wanem pasin tumbuna i gutpela long usim long lukautim
na banisim ol risoses bilong graun
skelim na luksave long wanem pasin tumbuna na ol rot we ol manmeri bilong
ples iken usim long menesim konseveisin eria bilong ol long taim bihain.
Ol manmeri na ol busgraun
Ol manmeri bilong ples long olgeta hap bilong dispela graun isave usim busgraun long
helpim laif. Ol igat plenti save long kainkain diwai na abus samting long bus, na wei
bilong painim kaikai na wokim gaden. Dispela save ol i kisim long tumbuna long plenti
tausen yia ikam inap nau. Ol isave gut tru long nem bilong kain kain diwai na flaua,
abus na pisin, ol pis long wara na solwara. Plenti samting bilong busgraun ol manmeri
isave usim bilong kaikai, wokim klos na haus, na oraitim ol sik na sua. Long taim bipo
ol manmeri bilong ples isave kisim gut ol risoses bilong graun na lukautim gut busgraun
na dispela ibin helpim ol long plenti tausen yia.
Ol saveman na savemeri bilong saiens i painim pinis plenti hap hap bilong ston tamiok,
bun bilong abus na pisin samting long hul bilong ston we i soim olsem ol manmeri long
PNG i bin usim ol risoses bilong graun moa long 40,000 yia igo pinis. Dispela i soim yu
olsem busgraun bilong yu tude i bin helpim gut laif bilong yu na plenti lain tumbuna
bilong yu. Tasol bikpela wari nau em olsem plenti risoses long graun hia long PNG i
pinis nau. Plenti risoses olsem “Guria” pisin na “Tenkile” klostu bai pinis olgeta. Bilong
wanem PNG igat hevi nau long pinis bilong ol risoses long graun?
Namel long 50 na 100 yia igo pinis plenti senis i bin kamap taim ol “waitman” ikam long
Papua Niugini. Plenti pasin tumbuna i senis na pinis olgeta. Ol manmeri long ples igat
nau gutpela marasin na rot bilong banisim sik na idai olsem na populeisin bilong kantri i
gro na kamap bikpela moa. Dispela em i gutpela tasol plenti pipol nau i min olsem ol
risoses long busgrun bai sot taim plenti manmeri i usim long sapotim laif. PNG na ol
arapela kantri long wol i luksave long dispela hevi nau na i painim rot long usim na
lukautim gut ol risoses long graun bipo long ol risoses i pinis olgeta.
Insait long Papua Niugini 95 pesen bilong populesin i usim tumbuna graun long sapotim
laif long ples. Dispela i min olsem sopos namba bilong pipol i gro bikpela, ol bai usim
plenit risoses long graun long sapotim laif. PNG nau i luksave olsem namba bilong wel
abus, pisin, diwai na graun i sot na bikpela wari nau em populesin i gro hariap na hariap
tru. Busgraun ino inap kamapim ol risoses olsem abus na diwai hariap long sapotim laif
bilong pipol long ples. Dispela em bikpela wari nau na PNG i mas hariap long painim
rot long stretim na stopim ol bagarap long graun na wara, lo na oda, moni sot na hevi
bilong helt olsem sik bun nating na HIV aids. Ol dispela hevi i kamap long wanem
populesin i gro hariap tumas na inogat plenti risoses olsem abus na timba, moni o
marasin samting bilong sapotim bikpela namba bilong ol manmeri na pikinini.
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konsevesin eria buk
Long plenti kantri long wol tude ol busgraun na wara i bagarap olgeta taim namba
bilong pipol i gro. Plenti wel abus olsem Tenkile i pinis olgeta. Bikpela bagarap isave
kamap long solwara, wara na busgraun taim ol bikpela kampani kam insait long wok
maining, painim pis, katim diwai na wok didiman, o kirapim nupela taun na siti. Ol
manmeri long ples i mas redi long senis na painim nupela wei bilong helpim na sapotim
laif na larim busgraun istap fri bai ol pikinini na tumbuna ikam bihain i ken usim.
Sampela rot bilong senis em olsem wokim gaden eria arere long haus na ples wantaim
sped na fok, lukautim rebit na pis, kakaruk na pato na kirapim gen ol pasin tumbuna idai
pinis we i gutpela long banisim busgraun olsem “ples masalai”. Konseveisin em
wanpela gutpela rot bilong helpim laif bilong ol pipol na lukautim gut busgraun na wara
long bagarap tude.
Hia long Papua Niugini konseveisin em stap bipo long taim bilong tumbuna. “Ples
Masalai” em wanpela hap tok bilong konseveisin we ol tumbuna isave usim long
banisim bagarap i kamap long busgraun na wara. Bihain long waitman ikam plenti
pasin tumbuna i senis na isi isi ol pipol bilong PNG lusim pasin tumbuna na bihainim ol
wei na pasin bilong waitman. Nau ol pipol bilong PNG ino moa luksave olsem ol pasin
tumbuna i bin helpim na sapotim laif long 40,000 yia. Bilong wanem nau na ol pipol
bilong PNG i laik senis na kamap olsem waitman na ino lukautim gut busgraun na wara
olsem ol tumbuna bipo?
“Indigenous people’s very survival has depended upon their ecological
awareness and adaptation. These communities are the repositories of vast
accumulations of traditional knowledge and experience that links humanity with
its ancient origins. Their disappearance is a loss for the large society, which
could learn a great deal from their traditional skills in sustainably managing very
complex ecological systems. It is a terrible irony that as normal development
reaches more deeply into rainforest, deserts and other isolated environments; it
tends to destroy the only cultures that have proved able to thrive in these
environments for centuries.”
Brundtland Report – World Commission on Environment and Development (1987)
Painim na kilim wel abus
Painim na kilim wel abus em wanpela kastom na wei bilong laif bilong ol pipol bilong
PNG. Sampela taim ol man igo aut long bus iken kilim plenti kain kain abus na em ino
gutpela long wanem dispela iken daunim namba bilong ol abus long bus. “Guria” pisin
na “Weimangke” i pinis olgeta nau long hap san go daun bilong Toriseli Maunten long
wanem olgeta taim ol man isave go long bus na kilim plenti. Namba bilong ol arapela
abus olsem mumut, kapul na rokrok tu i wok long go daun nau na ino wankain olsem 30
na 50 yia igo pinis. Ol man long ples mas tingting gut nau na senisim wei na pasin
bilong painim abus tude bai dispela iken helpim long sevim sampela wel abus istap long
busgraun na wara samting.
Long taim bilong tumbuna olgeta man isave wok bung wantaim long painim wel abus
long bus. Wanpela bikman bilong ples, grup o klen isave makim taim na bihain
sampela man bai igo long bus na painim abus bilong kaikai long bikpela dei bilong
singsing, wokim gaden o nupela haus, o long taim bilong marit samting. Long dispela
wei olgeta pipol isave tilim gut abus na kaikai na ino gat bel hevi o kros taim wanpela
man i painim na kilim abus long graun bilong narapela man.
Igat ol kainkain wei bilong kilim wel abus long bus. Ol man i ken kilim wantaim dog,
spia na banara, usim ol mambu trap, diwai na kanda, o digim hul long graun we wel pik
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konsevesin eria buk
inap pundaun insait. Sampela man igat pawa o “mauswin” na inap singautim ol abus
ikam klostu na kilim ol. Igat tu sampela diwai long bus we ol abus olsem kapul na ol
kain pisin olsem bilak bokis isave kaikai na sindaun em igat tambu long katim. Long
taim bilong tumbuna ol man isave painim na kilim inap abus tasol bilong kaikai na
inogat bilong istap nating na westim o bilong salim long maket. Dispela isevim plenti
abus istap long bus long kamapim nupela pikinini.
Long sampela eria bilong Toriseli maunten long taim bilong tumbuna, Tenkile em
wanpela spesol abus we ol man inap kilim na kaikai long ol spesol de tasol. Na long
arapela eria igat bilip olsem sopos ol man i kilim plenti Tenkile na kaikai mit bai taim
nogut i kamap. Ol i bilip tu olsem ol bikman tasol igat pawa o mauswin bilong kilim
Tenkile. Sampela eria i bilip olsem Tenkile igat pawa bilong oraitim sik na dispela i
mekim Tenkile i spesol abus tru.
Plenti pasin na lo bilong tumbuna long painim abus i senis olgeta bihain long ol waitman
ikam na kamapim gavman na sios wantaim nupela lo bilong ol. Ol manmeri bilong ples
long PNG i bihainim nupela wei bilong painim abus we em isi tru wantaim gutpela lait
long nait na ol samting olsem masket, string na ain trap. Dispela nupela wei i helpim
long kilim plenti abus. Ol man tu ino pret moa long go insait long ples tambu o long
busgraun bilong narapela long painim abus. Gutpela teis bilong abus bilong waitman
olsem tinpis na mit, kiau na fres kakaruk i mekim tu na ol man i laik painim na kaikai
moa abus. Dispela bai mekim na ol wel abus long bus bai i sot olgeta long taim ikam
bihain.
Wei bilong Painim Pis na Rokrok
Tumbuna wei bilong painim pis hia long
Lumi em long putim mambu long wara,
banisim wara wantaim graun na usim
posin rop. Posin rop isave kilim plenti pis
tasol lo bilong tumbuna itok long usim
wanpela o tupela taim long wan yia.
Long dispela taim nau plenti manmeri na
pikinini isave usim aiglas bilong lukluk
insait long wara na huk wantaim string
long painim pis. Rokrok tu em wanpela
abus bilong kaikai na plenti taim em i
wok bilong meri long painim long nait
wantaim lait bilong mambu. Long taim
bilong karim kiau em gutpela taim long
bombom na kisim rokrok.
“Those animals have a right to the
forest too. They belong there. It is as
much theirs as it is ours. If the water
can no longer support the salmon, if
the land can no longer support the
deer and bear, then why do we think it
will support us?”
Simon Lucas – Chief of the Nuu Cha
Nulth people of Vancouver Island
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konsevesin eria buk
Wokim Gaden
Olgeta manmeri long ples isave bung wantaim long wokim wanpela bikpela gaden long
wanpela yia. Long narapela yia ol bai wokim narapela nupela gaden na dispela inap
long helpim graun long kisim gris gen. Ol ples tais na wara em gutpela hap bilong
planim kain kaikai olsem diwai saksak.
Long taim bilong wok gaden ol man bai katim plenti diwai, bikpela na liklik wantaim. Ol
bai kisim gutpela liklik diwai bilong wokim haus tasol plenti ino gutpela bilong wokim
haus ol bai bungim bilong drai paiawud. Ol bikpela diwai isave stap na sting nating long
gaden na dispela i gutpela long givim gris long graun gen.
Sampela diwai kaikai olsem saksak, tulip, kokonas, aran, galip na manko isave kisim
plenti yia long gro na karim kaikai. Taim bilong kamautim kaikai olsem kaukau na taro,
pitpit na aibika, o banana na yam samting, olpela gaden nau bai i gutpela long groim ol
diwai kaikai olsem tulip na aran. Sampela diwai kaikai olsem kapiak, ton na mambu em
gutpela long planim long makim graun bung bilong tupela o triplea klen o ples.
Igat plenti diwai na rop long bus em gutpela long sapotim laif bilong man na long taim
bilong wokim gaden ol manmeri mas lukautim gut. Sampela diwai na lip i gutpela long
oraitim sik na ol rop olsem kanda em i gutpela long usim olsem nil bilong wokim haus.
Sampela diwai olsem ton ol man imas katim gut bai nupela sut i gro gen long wanem
em isave givim gutpela frut bilong kaikai.
Busgraun istap insait long konseveisin eria imas igat planti kaikai olsem ton, wel aran,
popo na wel limbum samting bilong ol wel abus bai kaikai. Taim igat kaikai bilong wel
abus istap, dispela bai pulim ol abus igo insait na populeisin bai kamap bikpela.
“The river is like our Indian refrigerator that keeps meat fresh. The forest is like
our drug store that has our medicines. It is like a supermarket with all the food
and things we need. Why would we poison our water or clear the forest?”
Kayapo – Paiaken tribe (Native American Indian)
Marasin Bilong Bus
Papua Niugini igat plenti save long ol marasin bilong bus. Igat ol diwai, lip na rop long
bus we ol tumbuna isave usim long oraitim sik na tu long bagarapim laif. Igat ol
manmeri long ples wantaim save bilong luksave long wanem kain diwai, lip o rop we
igat marasin na tu long wei bilong usim dispela diwai, lip o rop. Ol dispela kain
manmeri wantaim dispela save oltaim isave kisim rispek long ol arapela memba bilong
komuniti. Tasol bihain long gutpela helt na edukeisen progrem kamap, plenti bilong ol
dispela manmeri ino moa usim dispela save bilong bus marasin na plenti idai pinis
wantaim save bilong ol. Plenti yangpela manmeri bilong tude inogat bikpela laik long
kisim dispela save olsem na dispela kain save idai pinis olgeta.
Ol save manmeri bilong saiens ol kolim
“etnobotanis” i wok strong nau wantaim ol
manmeri bilong ples long olgeta hap bilong
wol long kisim save long marasin bilong
bus. Plenti bilong ol dispela save manmeri i
bilip olsem ol bai painim marasin bilong
oraitim sik kensa na aids long ol rop, lip o
diwai bilong renfores long sampela taim
bihain. Olgeta i wok resis nau long kisim
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konsevesin eria buk
save bilong ples manmeri bipo long ol bagarap i kamap long ol renfores. Ol i wok tu
long kisim save long pasin tumbuna na bilip bilong ol manmeri bilong ples igat bikpela
renfores, wankain olsem wanem samting ol sumatin na tisa bilong UPNG i mekim
wantaim ol ples manmeri long PNG na Wes Papua.
“More than 75% of the 121 prescription drugs used around the world that are
derived from plants, are said to have been discovered on the basis of initial clues
found in traditional indigenous medical practices.”
David Suzuki – from Wisdom of the Elders
Kastom na Pasin Tumbuna
Ples Masalai
Long plenti hap bilong Papua Niugini ol manmeri bilong ples igat bilip long masalai o
spirit bilong busgraun. Igat bilip olsem sampela hap bilong bus, maunten o raun wara
igat masalai istap na mekim dispela i ples tambu. Sopos ol manmeri usim o go insait
long ol dispela ples masalai bai ol inap kisim sampela mekim save o taim nogut.
Sampela ples masalai i gutpela na ol manmeri i bilip olsem ol spirit inap helpim ol long
oraitim sik, wokim gutpela gaden o pait wantaim birua taim ol askim long helpim.
Igat bilip olsem ol kaikai na abus istap insait long ples masalai ino gutpela. Long
sampela ples olsem Souleite long Lumi ol igat bilip olsem kumul pisin em piksa bilong
masalai o spirit meri na sopos ol meri kaikai mit bilong kumul bai ol kisim sik. Kundu
palai tu em wanpela abus we sampela manmeri i bilip olsem em i gutpela poro bilong
masalai o spirit. Olsem na ol manmeri tambu long kaikai mit, tasol ol iken usim skin
bilong wokim kundu. Sampela ples tu igat bilip olsem ol abus leg na han i nogut, ino
gro gut o kala bilong ol wait em ol kamap long spirit na sopos ol manmeri kaikai mit ol
inap kisim sik o sampela taim nogut.
Bilip long masalai na spirit i helpim long sevim sampela wel abus istap long bus na
dispela em i gutpela. Ples masalai em konseveisin graun bilong tumbuna. Bihain long
ol misin na sios ikam insait long PNG plenti manmeri ino moa pret long go insait na
usim ples masalai long wokim gaden o painim abus. Ol manmeri long ples isave askim
ol pris o pasto long go wantaim ol na blesim ol ples masalai. Em nau ples masalai ino
moa ples tambu na ol pipol save go insait long painim abus o wokim gaden.
Ples Tambu o Holi
Long sampela ples igat sampela eria long busgraun o ples we ol manmeri i mas
rispektim. Dispela kain eria em ol iken kolim konsevesin eria long wanem igat lo bilong
tumbuna long tambu long man long go insait. Sampela bilong ol dispela eria em olsem
ples bilong planim daiman, ples hait bilong tumbuna, raunwara o wara kalap we igat
stori long taim bipo o igat holi wara bilong oraitim sik o helpim pikinini i gro gut. Igat
sampela eria we igat gutpela graun bilong wokim sospen graun na imas tambu long
katim diwai.
Ol pipol bilong ples long Papua Niugini imas rispektim ol ples tambu bilong bipo na
holim strong kalsa na kastom bilong ol tumbuna. Ol i noken givim baksait long ol wei
na pasin bilong tumbuna na bihainim ol waitman, dispela em ino stret na i sem tumas.
Ikam bilong waitman i mekim sidaun bilong manmeri long ples long PNG i isi tru long
sampela eria bilong laif olsem painim abus na wok gaden. Ol liklik pikinini i isi tru long
kilim pisin wantaim katapel. Ol bikpela manmeri i usim lam na tos long kisim ples bilong
mambu paia long painim abus long nait. Long wokim gaden ol i usim tamiok na naip
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konsevesin eria buk
long katim bus na diwai na ino moa ston akis. Ol dispela senis nau i helpim long pinisim
hariap ol abus na diwai samting long bus we bai inogat moa istap long ol pikinini na
tumbuna long taim bihain.
Long taim bilong tumbuna bipo ol man isave pret tru long wokim gaden o painim abus
long graun bilong narapela ples o klen. Plenti taim bikpela pait na dai isave kamap
sopos wanpela man i wokim gaden o painim abus long graun bilong narapela. Ol rait
bilong graun istap long lida bilong klen o ples na tok orait bilong wokim gaden o painim
abus bai kam long lida tasol. Long sampela ples, klen lida isave tok nogat long ol man
wokim gaden long bus igat kain abus olsem wel faul na muruk istap long em na dispela
isave stap olsem tumbuna konseveisin graun bilong wanpela ples o klen.
Senis long Kastom na Kalsa
Long taim bipo ol manmeri long ples long PNG isave stap wantaim pret long kisim sik
na idai long ol spirit na masalai, posin na sanguma, o ol birua kam pait. Nau inogat
moa dispela pret long wanem lo bilong waitman i tambu long kilim man idai. Kristen
bilip tu i daunim pret bilong masalai na spirit o posin na sanguma. Igat bikpela fridom
long tude we ol manmeri long ples long PNG ino moa pret long wokim gaden o painim
abus long graun bilong narapela. Ol lo bilong gavman na viles kot long stopim dispela
paisn nogut tu ino strong tumas olsem ol lo bilong tumbuna bipo. Wanpela gutpela rot
bilong stopim dispela pasin nogut em long kamapim konseveisin eria lo long strongim ol
lo bilong tumbuna. Ol komiti memba bilong konseveisin eria imas wok strong long
sapotim konseveisin eria lo long banisim na lukautim ol risoses bilong busgraun bilong
wanpela na narapela.
“In the 20th Century approximately 90 of Brazils 270 Indian tribes along with their
precious legacies of languages and traditional knowledge have been utterly
erased from the face of the earth. It is crucial to understand that the recent
political and cultural domination of native communities around the world by
foreign influences has contributed to an exaggerated devaluation of nature,
though including traditional native ecological insights. Native views of nature
have too often been unjustly denigrated as somehow inherently “simple”,
“primitive” or “naïve”.
David Suzuki – from Wisdom of the Elders
Gro bilong populeisin
Bikpela risen o as bilong ol risoses i sot long Lumi na PNG tu em long gro bilong
populeisin bilong ol manmeri long 50 pela yia tasol. Populeisin bilong Lumi na PNG
olgeta i gro 3 pela taim moa antap long taim bipo. Wantaim gutpela helt sevis na
marasin bilong stopim sik na idai plenti moa pikinini ikamap insait long ol femili long
Lumi na PNG wantaim. Bipo wanpela femili bai igat 2 pela o 3 pela pikinini tasol. Long
kalsa bilong PNG bipo igat rot bilong stopim meri long karim plenti pikinini tasol nau
gavman mas wok strong long sapotim rot bilong femili plening bai gro bilong populeisin
iken go daun liklik.
“We do not inherit the land from our ancestors, we borrow it from our children”
Kenyan Proverb
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konsevesin eria buk
SAVE BILONG SAIENS
Long pinis bilong dispela hap skul ol manmeri i kisim dispela skul inap long:
•
•
•
•
•
•
save wanem samting em saiens na wanem wok bilong saientis
luksave long tingting na wei bilong wok saiens
bungim save bilong saiens na tumbuna wantaim na skelim sopos tupela i
wankain o nogat
usim save bilong saiens long helpim kamapim gutpela rot bilong usim gut ol
risoses long graun bilong ol
kisim save na wei bilong saiens long helpim skelim graun na menesim ol
risoses bilong graun
Tingting gut, skelim na tok pait long ol samting i bagarap pinis long busgraun
long wanwan ples.
Tok igo pas
Saiens em rot bilong kisim nupela save na bikpela luksave long wok bilong olgeta kain
samting. Plenti taim saiens i save helpim long painim as tru bilong olgeta samting na
wanem rot bilong stretim ol hevi istap. Bikpela samting tru em saiens isave kamapim
trupela stori long inapim o sapotim sampela tingting istap pinis. Ol rot na wei bilong
saiens inap helpim saientis long painim tru as bilong wok bilong ol na kamapim olsem
em trupela wok. Ol saientis isave raitim buk na stori long trupela wok bilong ol.
Arapela saientis ikam bihain huset igat laik long save moa long ol dispela wok, ol i ken
ritim dispela buk istap pinis long kisim moa save o skruim dispela wok igo moa.
Olgeta manmeri isave laik painim aut na askim plenti kwesten na dispela i min olsem
yumi olgeta i saientis. Saiens istap bipo yet long taim ol manmeri i kamap nupela long
graun ikam inap taim ol samting bilong wok gaden na paia i kamap, na ikam inap tude
wantaim stat bilong komputa teknologi we istap nau long plenti kantri bilong “waitman”.
Long sampela taim long histori bilong PNG wanpela man o meri i mas luksave olsem
igat gutpela kaikai stap insait long diwai saksak. Ol nau i usim save bilong saiens long
painim isi pela rot long rausim kaikai kam aut long dispela diwai saksak.
Saiens nau i karamapim plenti eria long laif bilong mipela tude. Olgeta save bilong
kamapim kaikai long graun na wokim long masin samting i usim saiens. Saiens i
helpim mipela long save moa long wara na win bilong pulim we mipela ol man i nidim
long stap laif olgeta de long graun. Save bilong saiens iken helpim laif na tu em iken
bagarapim laif. Ol kain marasin nogut bilong wok didiman, maining na ol rabis bilong ol
fektori bilong wokim ol kainkain kaikai na klos samting inap bagarapim win bilong pulim,
busgraun na wara wantaim plenti wel abus , pisin na pis samting. Ol saientis i luksave
nau long dispela na usim wanpela nupela hap bilong saiens ol i kolim “konseveisin”
long banisim pinis bilong ol wel abus, pisin na pis samting wantaim bagarap i kamap
long busgraun na wara.
Dispela hap skul bai helpim yupela long save gut long ol rot na wei ol saientis i bungim
tingting wantaim na wokim risets wok bilong ol. Long dispela hap skul tu bai yupela
inap luksave long sampela bilip bilong saiens na save long wok bilong busgraun
(environmen). Putim dispela save bilong saiens wantaim save bilong tumbuna bai inap
helpim yupela long usim na menesim gut ol risoses istap long ples bilong yupela.
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konsevesin eria buk
Wanem wok bilong Saientis?
Wok bilong saientis em long painim tok tru. Saientis i mas bungim olgeta tingting na tok
tru long sapotim bilip bilong ol. Ol i mas usim gut olgeta rot na wei bilong saiens long
kamapim bilip bilong ol olsem samting tru bai ol arapela saientis na komuniti bilong ples
graun bai bilipim, sapotim na bihainim wok bilong ol.
Ol kain rot na wei bilong saiens we ol saientis i mas bihainim em:
ƒ
Obseveisin (lukim)
Dispela em namba wan step. Ol saientis mas lukim samting bipo long ol iken
kwesten o painim aut. Kain olsem Tim Flannery i lukim piksa bilong Tenkile bipo
long em painim aut namba bilong dispela abus long Toriseli maunten.
ƒ
Hipotesis (kwesten)
Bihain long Tim Flannery lukim piksa bilong Tenkile, em bai askim long namba istap
nau. Em yet iken mekim kes olsem 200 Tenkile samting istap long bikbus bilong
Toriseli maunten.
ƒ
Meteriel (samting bilong wok)
Ol samting saientis imas usim long mekim wok. Kain olsem long taim bilong wokim
distens sempling, saientis wantaim ol helpim man bilong em bai nidim kilok, pen,
pepa na tepmesa samting.
ƒ
Metod (rot bilong bihainim)
Ol step, rot na wei bilong bihainim long painim aut wanpela samting long saiens.
Kain olsem taim bilong kauntim namba bilong Tenkile long bus, wanpela saientis
wantaim ol wokman bilong em mas painim na kauntim pekpek na putim insait long
emti plastik konteina igat etenol long em.
ƒ
Risals (wanem samting kamap)
Bihain long namba bilong pekpek igo insait long komputa na masin usim spesol
wok namba (maths) long givim hamas namba bilong Tenkile istap long bus.
ƒ
Konklusen (wokim stori bihainim risals)
Skelim ol risals bilong wok painim aut wantaim sampela gutpela tingting.
ƒ
Diskasen (skelim toktok)
Toktok na skelim gut olgeta hap bilong dispela wok painim aut bilong saiens, lukluk
long ol meteriel, metod na risals sopos olgeta samting i stret na bihainim wanem
samting saientis lukim na tingting long kisim long dispela wok painim aut. Kain
olsem igat 180 Tenkile tru tru istap long bikbus bilong Toriseli maunten na ino 200
olsem Tim Flannery i bin ting.
ƒ
Replikesin (wokim wankain wok long plenti hap)
Wokim wok painim aut long bikpela hap o eria bai dispela iken helpim long
kamapim trupela risals.
ƒ
Repetisen (wokim gen wok painim aut plenti taim)
Wokim wok painim aut plenti taim bai igat sans long kisim trupela risals. Dispela
bai i helpim saientis long taim bihain long save sopos namba bilong Tenkile igo
antap o igo daun.
“Scientific expertise is so narrowly focused and specialized that it can barely
comprehend the dimensions and the interconnectedness of life”
David Suzuki – from Wisdom of the Elders
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konsevesin eria buk
Distens Sempling Risets
Dispela em wanpela risets teknik o wei ol save manmeri bilong saiens i usim long
kauntim namba bilong wel abus olsem “Tenkile” long bikbus. Long bekim kwesten
olsem; “hamas Tenkile istap long Toriseli maunten”? Sampela man bilong ples bai tok
plenti istap. Arapela bai tok ino plenti istap. Na sampela bai tok ol ino save. Bai igat
plenti kainkain bekim. Distens sempling em i gutpela rot tru bilong painim aut stret
namba bilong wel abus istap long bus.
Namba wan samting long wokim distens sempling em saientis mas kamapim risets sait
o ples bilong mekim wok painim wel abus. Long olgeta taim bilong wok painim aut
saientis mas usim seim hap bilong wok tasol. Wanpela saientis bai faul sopos em ino
kamapim wanpela risets sait. Distens sempling risets sait em wanpela eria we igat ol
mak saientis makim wantaim tepmesa. Antap long kil imas igat wanpela lain ol kolim
“bes lain” we igat tiket long olgeta 50 mita mak. Bihain long dispela imas igat sampela
“poin” igo aut long olgeta bes lain, kain olsem bihainim wanpela sait bilong maunten.
Dispela poin ol kolim “trensek lain”. Bihain long makim tiket bai igat 150 poin istap
insait long wanpela hap graun long bikbus. Dispela mak nau bai helpim saientis na em
ino inap faul long bikbus.
Wok bilong distens sempling em taim bilong painim pekpek. Imas igat 3pela man
sanap klostu long mak o tiket. Wanpela bai kamap lida na bai holim stop kilok bilong
sekim na skelim taim na tupela man bai wokabaut raun stat long dispela tiket mak na
painim pekpek bilong wel abus long graun. Ol bai lukluk long 4pela minit tasol na
bihain long dispela bai sekim hamas distens namel long pekpek na tiket mak. Kisim
pekpek na putim insait long plastik konteina na Projek Menesa bai sekim pekpek long
painim gras bilong wel abus. Dispela bai soim wanem kain abus i pekpek; Tenkile,
Weimangke, Sikau, Kapul o Mumut?
TCA bin wokim wok bilong distens sempling stat long 2003 ikam inap nau 2007. Projek
Menesa Jim Thomas bai putim ol namba bilong pek pek insait long komputa na usim
spesol wok namba (maths) long skelim distens na namba bilong pekpek. Dispela nau
bai helpim long givim namba bilong hamas Tenkile i stap long Toriseli Maunten.
Risals bilong distens sempling istap nau ino trupela, em klostu tasol long trupela risals.
Dispela senses o kauntim bilong Tenkile bai soim TCA sopos namba bilong Tenkile igo
antap, istap wankain o namba igo daun long wan wan yia. Long 2004, distens
sempling i soim olsem igat 188 Tenkile insait long Toriseli Maunten. Long 2005 igat
226. Na long 2006/2007 risals ino kamap yet. Tasol sopos namba igo antap long 226,
em bai soim olsem namba bilong Tenkile i gro. Dispela bai i gutpela risal. Na bai soim
olsem TCA na ol lain long ples i bihainim gut dispela luksave bilong tambu long kilim
Tenkile. Sapos ino bin igat dispela luksave na tok orait long tambu long kilim Tenkile
bai dispela abus klostu dai na pinis olgeta. So em laki tru na i gutpela long kamapim
dispela agrimen long tambu long kilim Tenkile.
Em nau dispela wok bilong painim aut hamas Tenkile istap yet long bikbus, em ol kolim
long tok Inglis olsem “Distance Sampling”. Dispela wok istap aninit long nupela hap
bilong saiens ol kolim long Inglis olsem “Conservation”. Sampela taim bihain olgeta
wok bilong Distance Sampling long Toriseli Maunten bai go insait long sampela saiens
pepa na givim stori bilong ol save manmeri bilong saiens long hamas Tenkile na ol
narapela abus istap insait long bikbus bilong Toriseli maunten.
Page 23
LONG ENVIRONMEN
Long pinis bilong dispela hap skul ol manmeri i kisim dispela skul inap long:
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
luksave long tingting na toktok bilong saiens i sut stret long environmen
luksave long senis bilong graun long histori bilong Papua Niugini we i helpim
long kamapim kain kain abus na diwai samting
save long samting tru bilong ol rot bilong environmen we i sapotim laif olsem;
wara, kabon na nitrosin saikol
luksave olsem bagarap kamap long environmen bilong PNG inap kamapim hevi
igo long arapela hap bilong wol
amamas long ol gutpela samting bilong environmen we i helpim laif long
dispela ples graun
bungim save bilong tumbuna na saiens wantaim, skelim na lukim sopos tupela i
wankain o nogat
usim save bilong saiens long helpim kamapim stretpela tingting long usim gut ol
risoses bilong graun
kisim save na wei bilong saiens long helpim skelim graun na menesim ol
risoses bilong graun
tingting gut, skelim na tok pait long ol samting i bagarap pinis long environmen
long ples.
Tok i go pas
Saiens igat kainkain tokples na plenti nem bilong kainkain samting. Sampela man i tok
olsem igat plenti tokples long saiens moa long lainim wanpela nupela tokples. Wanpela
nem na tokples long saiens igat mining bilong em yet na ol saientis oltaim isave tok pait
taim nupela tok tru i kamap long risets wok. Long pinis bilong dispela hap skul ol
manmeri kisim dispela skul inap save gut long wan wan tokples na nem insait long
saiens we bai helpim konseveisin menesmen. Bipo long dispela skul olgeta mas save
long ol dispela tokples na nem bilong wan wan samting na wanem mining bilong ol.
Hebitet (ples hait) – ples hait bilong ol abus, pisin, pis na rokrok samting olsem; diwai,
hul bilong ston na graun, wara na bikbus.
Ekosistem – bung wantaim bilong ol abus, diwai na bikbus olgeta. Ekosistem i
karamapim abus, diwai na bikbus olgeta. Ol save manmeri bilong saiens ol kolim
olsem Ekologists isave lukluk na stadi long wok bung wantaim namel long bikbus,
diwai, abus na pisin o namel long ol abus yet. Dispela bai helpim mipela long save long
wanem we olgeta samting save stap wantaim na helpim ol yet.
Environmen – ples i karamapim ol samting igat laif na ol dispela inogat laif we i
sapotim wanpela okenisem long stap laif. Environmen em i olsem wanpela ples, taun,
gaden o bikbus.
Okenisem – kain kain samting igat laif olsem; diwai, flawa, abus, pisin, pis, talinga na ol
liklik binatang we yu no inap lukim wantaim ai olsem bakteria na protosoa.
konsevesin eria buk
Long Environmen
Namba wan samting yu mas save, em long wanem wei graun bilong Papua Niugini i bin
kamap. Ol saientis igat dispela kain tingting olsem; plenti milien yia bipo olgeta graun
bilong wol istap wanpela bikpela hap graun tasol. Ol kolim long saiens olsem “Pangea”.
Sampela taim bihain dispela bikpela hap graun i bruk na kamap tupela hap we ol kolim
olsem “Lurasia” na “Gondwanaland”. Graun bilong Gondwanaland i karamapim,
Niugini, Ostrelia, Entatika, Saut Amerika na Afrika. Ol arapela kantri long wol i stap
insait long Lurasia.
Sampela taim bihain dispela gondwanaland i bruk gen. Graun bilong Afrika igo pas,
bihain Saut Amerika i bruk na kamap blong em yet. Bihain gen Entatika i bruk lusim
Ostrelia na Niugini istap wantaim long 20 milien yia samting. Long dispela taim plenti
spesol abus olsem ol dipela igat bilum i bin kamap. Orait long plenti yia bipo olsem
Jurrasic taim (160 milien yia bipo man i bin kamap laip) na ol abus ol kolim dainaso i bin
stap long graun. Ol graun bilong Niugini i bin senis isi isi longpela taim. Sampela taim
graun istap aninit long solwara na sampela taim graun i kamap olsem wanpela ailan.
Dispela samting i kamap taim graun isave guria plenti (volkeno) na surik igo ikam.
Solwara tu isave surik go antap na kam daun. Ol dispela samting isave kamap isi isi tru
na i ken kisim plenti milien yia.
Long dispela as tasol na graun bilong Niugini i bin kamap olsem wanpela ailan. Ol save
manmeri bilong saiens i ting Toriseli maunten tu bin stap olsem wanpela ailan long faiv
milien yia igo pinis. Dispela tingting em i tru long wanem nau tasol long ples Wuguple
wanpela man i painim tit bilong bikpela pis sak bilong solwara taim em igo waswas long
wara. Dispela tit bilong pis sak nau istap long Wuguple em ol saientis kolim olsem
“fossil” na dispela i soim tru olsem Toriseli maunten i bin stap aninit long solwara
longpela taim igo pinis. Kain tingting bilong ol saientis i helpim yumi nau long save
olsem ol kain kain abus olsem Tenkile, Wefli, Bilakpela Kapul, sampela kain flawa okid
na binatang i spesol na igat long Toriseli maunten tasol. Yu ino inap painim long
sampela hap bilong PNG na long wol tude.
Samting olsem 1.65 milien yia igo pinis ailan bilong Niugini istap pas wantaim Ostrelia
na nau plenti kain abus istap long Noten Ostrelia olsem muruk, waitpela kapul, na koki
yu painim hia long PNG tu. Tasol plenti ol narapela kain abus insait long Ostrelia em yu
ino inap painim long PNG na wankain tu long ol abus long PNG olsem Tenkile. Long
tok Inglis na saiens ol abus yu inap painim long wanpela kantri o ples tasol em ol kolim
olsem “endemic species”.
Histori bilong graun long Niugini i givim ol
saientis tingting olsem graun na klaimet i
save senis senis na kamapim ol ailan na
maunten we bai helpim plenti kain kain
abus na diwai long kamap. Dispela kain
histori bilong graun i helpim long
kamapim ol kain kain environmen olsem;
ol graslen, wudlen, lowlen fores, renfores,
dais na mangro, nambis, korol rif, bikpela
wara na wetlens. Ol dispela kainkain
environmen i givim plenti spes long ol
abus na diwai long kamap na nau igat
plenti kain kain okenisems insait long
kantri Papua Niugini. Long tok Inglis na
Gondwana 95 Million yia bipor long nau
saiens ol kolim dispela samting olsem
“biodiversity”. Papua Niugini em wanpela kantri long wol we igat bikpela biodiversity
Page 25
konsevesin eria buk
bilong kain kain abus na diwai samting. Plenti saientis i tok Papua Niugini i pulap tru
long biodiversity na dispela i pulim ol long kam lukim na wok wantaim ol kain kain
okenisems insait long Papua Niugini.
Ekosistems
Ekosistem em i kain olsem olgeta samting insait long ples o komuniti bilong yu. Insait
long ples igat ol kainkain samting olsem; ol haus, paia, man, meri, pikinini, kaikai, wara,
na paiawud samting. Long ples ol man na meri igat spesol wok bilong ol. I olsem ol
meri isave paitim saksak na ol man isave wokim gaden o haus. Orait ol dispela wok
yumi save wok na bungm wantaim em i kain olsem wanpela ekosistem. Long
environmen bilong yu em i olsem ples na gaden. Na environmen bilong ol abus istap
em long bikbus o long tok Inglis na saiens ol kolim “rainforest”. Insait long dispela
renfores environmen ol abus na diwai isave wok bung wantaim olsem yumi ol manmeri.
Nau tingim sapos wanpela bikpela man o meri idai o lusim komuniti na igo long
sampela hap, dispela bai kamapim sampela hevi long komuniti. Sampela taim dispela
bai bagarapim gutpela ron bilong komuniti sistem long sait bilong wok o bungim kaikai
samting. Sopos wanpela papa i lusim femili bai mama na ol pikinini nogat gutpela haus
o kaikai na abus samting. Ekosistem em wankain. Sapos sampela kain abus idai pinis
olgeta, dispela bai givim hevi long ol narapela samting insait long ekosistem. Sampela
bagarap bai kamap bihain o ekosistem bai senis liklik.
Insait long wanpela ekosistem igat ol liklik sistems isave wok wantaim long kamapim
bikpela ekosistem. Kain olsem, wanpela sistem ol kolim “water cycle”. Wok bilong
dispela sistem em bilong wokim wara. Narapela sistem ol kolim “carbon cycle”. Wok
bilong em long wokim win bilong ol diwai long pulim na stap laif ol kolim
“carbondioxide”. Orait narapela sistem ol kolim “nitrogen cycle”. Wok bilong dispela
sistem em long givim gris long graun. Olgeta dispela sistems i wok wantaim long
helpim gro bilong ol gras na diwai. Ol dispela cycles isave wok wantaim long kamapim
wanpela ekosistem. Kain olsem:
Water cycle + carbon cycle + nitrogen cycle = Ecosystem
Sampela taim sopos yu senisim sampela samting insait long dispela cycles em bai
kamapim sampela hevi insait long dispela ekosistem. Kain olsem taim yu putim
sampela pusi o dog igo insait long environmen ol bai kilim ol gutpela abus olsem mumut
o sikau na iken pinisim olgeta. O sopos kampani bilong katim diwai kam insait na katim
ol diwai long bus bilong yu, dispela inap bagarapim tru water cycle, na tu sampela abus
na ol pisin bai lusim olgeta ples bilong hait o malolo na kaikai bilong ol na bai lusim hap
bilong yu na go long painim haus na kaikai long narapela ples. Olsem na long olgeta
taim olgeta samting insait long dispela ekosistem i mas wokbung wantaim.
Nutrient Cycle
Insait long graun igat ol kain kain okenisems isave kaikai long stap laif. Ol liklik
binatang tru na kain kain liklik snek istap insait long graun isave kaikai ol pipia na
pekpek igo bek long graun. Na taim ol arapela abus na diwai na bus idai na sting ol tu
bai go bek long graun. Olgeta dispela bai helpim long givim gutpela gris long graun. Ol
diwai na kaikai bilong gaden i nidim dispela gris gen long helpim ol gro gut. Yu ken
lukim nau olsem graun ino samting nating, em isave givim laif long yumi ol man, meri
na pikinini. Olsem na yumi mas lukautim na menesim gut graun. Sopos graun inogat
gris (nutrients) bai ol kaikai yu planim long gaden ino inap kamap gut. I wankain olsem
taim yu ino kisim gutpela kaikai bai yu nogat strong long wokim wok bilong yu.
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konsevesin eria buk
Graun isave kamap olsem wanem? Graun i kamap taim bikpela san, win na ren i
helpim long brukim ol ston liklik liklik na kamapim liklik graun ol kolim long Inglis olsem
“soil”. Soil i stat olsem wesan long wara olsem dispela istap long wenif riva na taim ol
samting idai pinis na sting long graun ol liklik snek, flais na binatang isave brukim ol
liklik liklik tru na kamapim gris (nutrients) igo insait long graun. Em nau graun i kamap
bilak na gutpela long planim kaikai.
Sampela kain ston bai givim moa gris long graun olsem ol graun i kamap bihain long
maunten paia na pairap (volcanic soil). Dispela kain graun i gutpela moa long wokim
gaden na i winim ol arapela graun nogut i pulap long graun malumalum na wesan tasol
we inogat gutpela gris bilong wokim gaden. Ol graun long renfores i gutpela tasol
sopos kampani bilong katim diwai ikam insait na katim diwai, ren inap wasim gutpela
gris antap long graun na kisim igo. Ol lip bilong diwai, abus na ol diwai idai na sting
long graun bai givim tu gris long graun. Taim yu rausim ol dispela diwai na abus, inogat
moa samting long sting na givim gris gen long graun. Graun bai stap nating.
Olgeta okenisems bai kaikai sampela kain samting. Sampela bai kaikai ol diwai tasol,
sampela bai kaikai ol abus tasol, na sampela bai kaikai ol abus idai na sting pinis. Taim
ol okenisems idai pinis bodi bilong ol bai sting na givim gris long graun gen na narapela
okenisems bai kisim laif. Yumi kolim olgeta dispela samting long saiens na tok inglis
olsem “nutrient cycle”. As tingting bilong dispela em olsem, olgeta samting no inap stap
nating na weist. Olgeta samting bai helpim narapela samting long givim na sapotim laif
bilong em.
Sampela taim graun isave bagarap taim
ol katim olgeta diwai pinis, o long wok
maining, wok didiman o wokim nupela
rot o taun samting. Ol dispela kain wok
isave bagarapim graun wantaim olgeta
gris bilong em. Bikpela hevi tru em taim
ol dispela wok na bagarap i kamap,
bikpela ren o win inap karim bikpela
graun igo daun long ples maunten o long
arere bilong wara. Long tok Inglis na
saiens ol kolim dispela olsem “soil
erosion” Taim nogat diwai na graun
istap nating bikpela san inap kilim tu ol
binatang long graun. Ol diwai isave stap
olsem strongpela banis bilong strongim
graun na holim istap.
Em nau yupela mas tingting gut taim
yupela laik wokim rot, taun, gaden, katim
diwai o wok maining. Ol dispela wok isave bagarapim graun na ino inap sapotim na
helpim laif bilong yupela long taim ikam bihain. Namba wan we long lukautim graun
bilong yupela em olsem:
•
•
•
noken larim ol marasin nogut olsem; petrol, disel, kerosene, na oil igo daun
long graun
noken katim olgeta diwai insait long wanpela hap eria tasol
putim sampela gris igo bek long graun olsem; senisim kaikai bilong planim,
larim graun istap longpela taim bipo long wokim nupela gaden, wokim kompos
o putim fetelaisa bilong stoa long graun.
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konsevesin eria buk
So yupela mas tingting gut na lukautim graun bilong yupela gut. Graun em as bilong
givim laif olsem na yupela mas lukautim gut.
After logging had occurred on this land - “I couldn’t breathe, it was as if the land
had been skinned of life. I couldn’t believe that anyone would deliberately do that
to the Earth.”
James Gosnell – Chief of the Nishgas Haida Gwuaii tribe Alaska
Nitrogen cycle
“Nitrogen” long tok Inglis na saiens em wanpela marasin (chemical). Dispela spesol
marasin istap insait long win na graun wantaim na em igat bikpela wok bilong em long
helpim ol diwai, flawa na kaikai long gaden long gro gut na strong. Nitrogen isave
mekim ol lip bilong kaikai long gaden, ol flawa na diwai samting i kamap grin na helti.
Sopos inogat nitrogen bai ol lip i luk olsem yelo na mau pudaun long graun na kaikai o
diwai samting bai dai. Olsem tasol na yumi mas menesim na lukautim gut graun long
givim nitrogen long helpim ol diwai na kaikai long gaden i gro gut na ol bai helpim yumi
long kisim laif.
Bikpela hap bilong nitrogen istap insait long win. Igat sampela liklik binatang long graun
em wok bilong ol long kisim nitrogen long win na putim igo insait long graun. Ol dispela
liklik binatang isave pas long ruts bilong sampela kain kaikai na diwai ol kolim long tok
Inglis na saiens olsem “legumes”. Em kain kaikai na diwai olsem kasang (pinats), bins,
lamtro na shed tri bilong kakao na vanila. Ol dispela liklik binatang isave stap insait
long ol raunpela liklik bal hangamap long ruts bilong ol legumes. Ol bai pulim nitrogen
long win long stap laif na ol gen bai pekpek long graun. Dispela pekpek bilong ol long
saiens ol kolim “ammonia”. Dispela marasin ammonia em gutpela gris bilong graun we
ol diwai na kaikai bilong gaden i nidim long gro gut na helti. Olsem na wanpela gutpela
wei long givim gris long graun em yupela mas planim ol pinat na bin long graun. Bihain
taim dispela kaikai redi yupela i kamautim na usim gen graun long planim narapela
kaikai olsem taro o banana samting.
Narapela wei bilong givim gris long graun wantaim
nitrogen em long usim kompos o fetelaisa. Olgeta
samting i sting pinis olsem ol diwai, lip, gras, bodi
bilong ol abus, pekpek na pispis bilong man em
gutpela kompos na fetelaisa we igat nitrogen long ol.
Taim yupela putim ol igo insait long graun, ol bai givim
gutpela gris wantaim nitrogen long graun. Sopos igat
moni yupela iken baim ol fetelaisa ol wokim pinis long
ol fektori na salim long ol didiman stoa long Wewak,
Madang o Lae na putim igo insait long graun bilong yu
bipo long yu wokim gaden o planim ol kes krop olsem
kakao na kopi.
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konsevesin eria buk
Carbon Cycle
“Carbon” i wankain olsem nitrogen na em tu i wanpela marasin istap insait long win na
long bodi bilong olgeta samting igat laif. Carbon em i nambawan spesol marasin bilong
sapotim laif bilong olgeta kain diwai, gras, kaikai bilong gaden, ol abus, pisin na yumi ol
manmeri wantaim. Ol lip bilong kaikai long gaden na diwai i kisim carbon long win
(carbondioxide) na wokim kaikai bilong ol. Ol kaikai insait long diwai na gaden kaikai ol
kolim long saiens olsem “carbohydrates”. Ol carbohydrates igat bikpela carbon insait
long ol em kain kaikai olsem saksak, taro, banana, suga, rice, na kaukau. Taim ol
manmeri kaikaim dispela ol kaikai yumi tu kisim carbon igo insait long bodi bilong yumi.
Taim ol lip bilong diwai, gras na kaikai gaden i wokim carbohydrates ol tu bai wokim
wanpela marasin ol kolim long saiens olsem “oxygen”. Yumi ol manmeri, ol abus na
pisin samting i pulim oxygen insait long win long stap laif. Taim yumi ol manmeri na
abus kisim kaikai long bus na kaikaim na mekim wok, pilai o wokabaut raun nambaut
yumi usim na senisim carbohydrates na givim carbon igo bek long win olsem
carbondioxide. Dispela em i carbon cycle.
Carbon em i bikpela samting
tru long wol tude.
Plenti
carbon stap long graun long
tausen na milien yia igo pinis
na nau kamap olsem “fossil
fuel”. Long plenti hap kantri
bilong ol waitman nau ol usim
ol dispela fossil fuel olsem
coal na oil long wokim
kainkain petroleum prodaks
olsem; kerosin, disel, petrol na
plastik. Wanpela hevi bilong
wol tude em taim bilong usim
ol dispela prodaks. Taim ol
fektori, balus, sip na kar i usim
ol dispela prodaks ol gen save
bagarapim tru environmen
taim
ol
i
givim
moa
carbondioxide igo poromanim
dispela istap pinis long win.
Plenti carbondioxide istap long
win nau na dispela samting bai bagarapim climate bilong yumi. Olsem na long wol tude
yumi igat bikpela hevi bilong klaimet i senis ol kolim long tok Inglis olsem “global
warming” o wol i kamap hot.
Global warming em i namba wan hevi bilong environmen nau long wol. Plenti toktok i
kam aut nau long redio, televisen na niuspepa long taim nogut bilong dispela senis long
klaimet. Taim graun i hot dispela bai mekim solwara tu i hot na bikpela ais istap antap
long solwara long hap bilong kantri Alaska na Entatika (not na saut pols) bai kamap
olsem wara na mekim level bilong solwara igo antap. Sopos dispela i kamap bai plenti
liklik ailan bilong Pasifik na sampela hap bilong wol bai isi tru long go insait long
solwara. Kantri olsem Ostrelia nau i hot moa na kamapim bikpela win na paia kirap
long bus we i kilim idai plenti wel abus na bagarapim tu plenti gutpela graun bilong
wokim gaden. Hot bilong solwara inap kilim tu olgeta laif insait long solwara olsem ol
korol rif. Dispela em wanpela bikpela hevi tru long wol tude.
Long helpim stopim dispela hevi yumi mas lukautim gut renfores bilong mipela. Ol
diwai long renfores inap kisim dispela bikpela carbondioxide na senisim kamapim
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konsevesin eria buk
oxygen win we em gutpela long yumi ol man na meri long pulim na stap laif. Yumi nau
noken seksek long moni na larim ol kampani kam insait long katim na pinisim diwai long
renfores bilong mipela hia long Lumi.
I bin igat pinis ol bung bilong plenti bikman bilong ol gavman long wol we ol i pasim
sampela tingting (resolution) long stretim dispela hevi bilong global warming. Ol bikman
i tok, sapos yumi sevim na lukautim renfores, ol gavman bilong ol dispela kantri igat
renfores bai kisim sampela moni helpim ikam long ol kantri bilong ol waitman na ol
bikpela siti long wol. As bilong kamapim dispela tingting em long wanem plenti bikpela
kantri na siti long wol isave bagarapim gutpela win olsem na ol mas givim sampela
kompenseisin igo long ol kantri huset ino bagarapim win tumas. Nau sopos ol i sapotim
tru dispela tingting ating Papua Niugini bai winim ol narapela kantri long kisim
kompenseisin long wanem PNG igat plenti renfores istap gut yet.
Ol sampela samting isave bagarapim carbon cycle em:
• taim yu katim diwai long kisim paiawud
• taim yu kukim plastik, raba, na ol arapela samting bilong waitman
• taim yu kukim graun long wokim gaden
• taim yu usim masin wantaim disel, petrol,
kerosin, na oil samting
• taim yumi ol manmeri na ol abus kapubuk.
Ol sampela samting isave helpim carbon cycle em:
• sevim plenti hap graun na renfores
• planim plenti diwai long sapotim laif long
bihain taim
• usim sola pawa
• usim win pawa
• usim hydro pawa.
Water cycle
Narapela bikpela samting long givim laif long ol okenisems em wara. Wara em bikpela
samting tru long sapotim olgeta laif insait long wol. Ol ples igat bikbus na renfores em
inap long wokim plenti ren. Ol ruts bilong diwai isave kisim wara long graun igo antap
na bihain kamap long ol lip. San bai pulim wara long ol lip bilong diwai igo antap long
skai na kamapim (rain cloud) renklaut
long wanpela rot bilong saiens ol kolim
olsem “evaporation”. Taim renklaut i
pulap long wara na kamap hevi, ples
antap long skai bai kamap kol na wara
bai kam daun gen long graun olsem
ren long wanpela rot bilong saiens ol
kolim olsem “condensation”. Dispela
em kamapim “water cycle”. Igat tu
wara we isave go insait long graun
long taim bilong ren (ground water).
Sampela wara bai go insait long liklik
baret na han wara (creeks & streams),
raunwara (lakes), bikpela wara
(rivers), na igo aut olgeta long solwara
(seas). Olgeta taim wara isave raun raun tasol na inogat pinis blong em. Tasol plenti
taim wara i raun antap long win na skai na yu ino inap lukim. Evaporation na
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konsevesin eria buk
condensation em tupela rot bilong kamapim raun raun bilong wara o water cycle long
tok Inglis.
Yu inap bagarapim wara sopos yu tromoi kain kain pipia igo insait long em (water
pollution). Water pollution em wanpela sik nogut kamap long wara long plenti hap
bilong graun we ol man isave kamapim. Ol waitman isave kamapim water pollution
taim ol tromoi ol marasin nogut na ol kain samting olsem; oil, kerosin, petrol, disel na
plastik igo insait long wara. Narapela kain sik bilong wara em taim igat ol liklik binatang
nogut inap kilim yu idai. Kain binatang olsem cholera we i ken kamapim sik hepatitis.
Sopos dispela sik i kamap long wara saplai, em i hat tru long stretim wara gen. Mipela
nogat wei long klinim wara sopos igat ol samting nogut stap insait. Olsem na yumi mas
lukautim gut ol wara bilong yumi na larim ol wara stap klin olgeta taim long ples bai
yumi ino inap kisim ol kain sik nogut.
Sampela wei o rot bilong lukautim wara:
•
•
•
•
•
planim diwai klostu long wara saplai. Ol ruts bilong diwai bai klinim wara aninit
long graun
noken katim ol diwai klostu long wara taim yu wokim gaden. Dispela bai rausim
ol ruts bilong klinim wara aninit long graun
wokim gutpela toilet longwe long wara saplai. Ol liklik binatang nogut istap
insait long pekpek bai go insait long wara saplai
banisim gut ol abus long ples olsem ol pik, dok, kakaruk na pato. Pekpek
bilong ol igat ol binatang nogut bilong kamapim sik
lukautim ol haphap sop na pauda taim yu waswas, wasim ol klos, sospan an
plet samting bai ol noken go insait long wara.
Bikbus o Renfores
Renfores em namba wan samting tru long Papua Niugini long wanem plenti pipol bilong
PNG i kisim olgeta samting bilong sapotim laif insait long renfores. Plenti kantri long
wol inogat dispela kain bikbus ol i kolim renfores. Papua Niugini em wanpela laki kantri
tru long wol. Plenti renfores long wol istap long ol tropical eria tasol. Amazon renfores
em wanpela bikpela tru long wol na em istap long Saut Amerika. Namba tu renfores
long wol istap long Congo Besin long Afrika, na namba tri renfores bilong wol istap long
ailan bilong Niugini. Arapela kantri igat renfores tu tasol em i narapela kain. Renfores
bilong Papua Niugini i winim ol arapela kain renfores long wol.
Renfores em i wanpela spesol ples long wol long wanem igat plenti kain kain diwai,
flawa, rop, gras, abus na pisin samting. Olgeta dispela samting i bin stap longpela taim
wantaim ikam inap nau. Plenti save man na meri i stadi long renfores ino save gut yet
long olgeta samting insait long em. Plenti save manmeri bilong saiens i wok hat yet
long painim aut olgeta samting insait long renfores, long wanem, igat yet plenti samting
i hait insait na ino isi long save gut long renfores olgeta.
Gutpela klaimet em wanpela namba wan risen o as bilong wanem na renfores igat
plenti kainkain diwai na abus samting insait long em. Klaimet bilong renfores ino save
senis, em istap wankain tasol long olgeta taim bilong yia. Igat wankain mak bilong ren
na san, wankain mak bilong hot na kol na dispela i helpim olgeta samting olsem ol
pisin, abus, diwai na flawa samting long stap na gro gut na kamapim nupela. Taim igat
plenti kain kain bus, diwai na flawa bai igat tu kainkain inseks, pisin na abus. Sopos yu
go long renfores insait long ples kol long kantri olsem Ostrelia, yu no inap lukim plenti
kainkain diwai. Ol wankain diwai tasol bai yu lukim long olgeta hap bilong kantri. Tasol
long Papua Niugini igat plenti kainkain diwai istap long wanem igat renfores.
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konsevesin eria buk
Renfores i bin sapotim laif bilong ol pipol bilong Papua Niugini moa long 40 tausan yia
igo pinis na ikam inap nau. Renfores i givim mipela kaikai na wara, samting bilong
wokim haus, klos bilong karamapim skin, diwai bilong wokim kanu na ol samting bilong
pait, marasin na plenti samting moa. Ekosistem bilong renfores i sapotim yet laif bilong
plenti pipol long PNG tude na bilong wanem yumi laik bagarapim? Wanem samting bai
sapotim laif bilong ol pikinini na tumbuna bilong yumi long bihain taim sopos yumi go
het nau na bagarapim renfores? Renfores em mas stap olsem namba wan samting
long lukautim.
Ol save manmeri i luksave olsem igat tupela kain renfores. Ol i kolim tupela long tok
Inglis olsem “Climax” na “Secondary” renfores.
•
•
Climax renfores em dispela we i bin stap nating longpela taim. Dispela kain
renfores bai i kisim moa long 200 yia long gro na bai igat plenti kain kain
samting moa istap na winim secondary renfores.
Secondary renfores em dispela we ol man i bin wok long em olsem; katim diwai
(logging) o wokim gaden. Bihain dispela renfores istap nating na gro gen.
Secondary renfores bai inogat plenti kain kain diwai samting long sapotim laif
bilong kain kain abus o pisin samting.
Bikpela bagarap bilong renfores isave kamap taim ol kampani ikam na katim diwai o
(logging). Taim ol kampani kam na katim diwai long wokim timba ol inogat rispek moa
long lukautim olgeta samting insait long renfores. Bikpela tingting na laik bilong ol em
long wokim moni tasol. Ol ino tingting long laif bilong pipol dispela renfores i bin
sapotim na dispela laif bai renfores i sapotim bihain. Na tu ol ino tingtng moa long ol
spesol abus, diwai na flawa na kainkain wok bilong water, nutrient o carbon cycle. Ol
timba kampani na ol politisen i laikim moni tasol na inogat tingting na rispek moa long
kastom wantaim kalsa na laip bilong yumi ol pipol bilong PNG.
Logging em namba wan bagarap bilong renfores long wol. Plenti renfores long wol i
pinis olgeta nau bihain long ol logging kampani i bin kam na katim diwai long ol bikbus.
Amazon na Congo Besin renfores i bungim dispela hevi pinis na PNG tu istap nau long
rot bilong bungim dispela hevi.
Rileisinsip (Wokbung wantaim)
Plenti okenisems insait long renfores igat kainkain spesol rileisinsip. Long tok Inglis na
saiens ol kolim olsem “Symbiotic relationship”. Long saiens igat 3pela kain rileisinsip
we i bikpela samting long yumi luksave. Ol dispela em:
ƒ
ƒ
ƒ
Parasitic – Taim wanpela okenisem i kisim sapot long laif bilong em long
narapela na givim hevi long dispela namba tu okenisem. Olsem binatang
bilong kamapim sik Malaria stap insait long natnat. Natnat isave dringim blut
bilong man long stap laif na long dispela wei em givim binatang bilong sik
Malaria long man. Dispela binatang bai stap gut insait long bodi bilong man
tasol man bai kisim sik na dispela ino helpim em.
Commensalism – Wanpela okenisem i kisim helpim long narapela long stap laif
tasol em ino bagarapim dispela namba tu okenisem. Kain olsem flawa okid
igro long diwai aran. Diwai aran helpim long givim kaikai long okid tasol em ino
kisim sampela bagarap long okid.
Mutualism – Tupela okenisems i kisim helpim long wanpela na arapela. Kain
olsem taim muruk kaikai sid bilong sampela kain diwai na pekpek bai dispela
sid i gro gen olsem diwai. Sopos muruk ino kaikai sid bilong dispela kain diwai
bai sid ino inap gro taim em pudaun long graun. Muruk na diwai i helpim
wanpela na arapela.
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konsevesin eria buk
Plenti flawa na diwai igat sampela spesol
rileisinsip wantaim ol abus long helpim kamapim
pikinini.
Ol kolim dispela rileisinsip olsem
“pollination”. Taim yu polineitim flawa bilong vanila
em bai em karim ol vanila bins. Long renfores
dispela kain okid flawa igat spesol binatang bilong
polineisin. Tasol hia long PNG dispela binatang
ino stap olsem na man yet mas usim han long
wokim polineisin.
Ol pisin, bilak bokis, binatang na sampela kapul
igat dispela spesol rileisinsip wantaim ol diwai na
flawa long renfores. Sopos wanpela kain abus i
pinis, sampela diwai an flawa tu bai pinis long
sampela taim bihain.
Dispela kain spesol
rileisinsip namel long ol abus na diwai em bikpela
moa insait long renfores. Dispela em wanpela
risen bilong lukautim gut renfores.
Food Webs / Food
Chains
Dispela em narapela kain cycle we kaikai isave go
raun raun. Olgeta okenisems i mas kaikai long stap laif. Sampela abus bai kaikai ol
flawa, lip o frut bilong diwai samting. Sampela bikpela abus bai kaikai ol liklik abus
tasol. Kain olsem bikpela snek moran bilong bus (Pusile) bai kaikai kapul na bikpela
pisin tarangau bai kaikai pikinini kakaruk o pato. Na sampela abus bai kaikai ol liklik
abus na ol diwai wantaim flawa. Ol diwai, gras na flawa samting (plants) i stat bilong
laif bilong ol kain kain abus na yumi ol man. Sopos inogat plants olgeta abus bai idai.
Taim yu rausim sampela samting long dispela food web / food chain, em bai bagarapim
narapela okenisems. Sampela taim sopos sampela kaikai i lus insait long food web /
food chain o kamap extinct, ol arapela abus i mas senisim wei bilong kaikai long stap
laif. Tasol sopos ol arapela okenisems ino senis o “adapt” ol tu bai kamap extinct o lus
olgeta.
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konsevesin eria buk
Ground Boa
bandicoot
Rat
Owl
Striped Possum
Palm Nut
Spider
Butterfly
Beetle
Fig tree
PANDANOUS
vine
Caterpillar
PRAYING MANTIS
Orchid
Parrot
Tree Snake
Tree Frog
Moth
Humans
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Bat
konsevesin eria buk
BIODIVERSITY / (Kain kain abus, diwai,
flawa na binatang samting)
Long pinis bilong dispela hap skul ol manmeri i kisim dispela skul inap:
•
•
•
•
•
•
luksave long ol tingting na toktok bilong saiens we i sut stret long ol kain kain
abus, diwai, flawa na binatang wantaim (biodiversity)
kisim save long ol kain kain rot o wei ol saiens manmeri inap luksave na putim
olgeta diwai na abus samting wantaim long wan wan grup bilong ol yet
kisim save long gutpela bilong olgeta abus isave givim susu long pikinini insait
long Papua Niugini
givim sampela piksa bilong kain kain abus, diwai, binatang na flawa long PNG
na skelim wantaim ol narapela istap long sampela hap bilong wol
kisim save long biodiversity na ol bagarap inap kamap long biodiversity long
PNG na wok bilong konseveisin nau long wol
luksave na amamas long gutpela biodiversity bilong PNG.
Tok igo pas
Insait long dispela skul bai yu ken lukim na save long ol sampela nupela tok ples bilong
saiens olsem:
Adaptation – Sampela samting olsem leg na han bilong abus o ruts bilong diwai
samting long helpim ol long stap laif long bikbus.
Species – Kain abus o diwai we igat mak bilong em yet na ino wankain long narapela.
Kain olsem Tenkile em i wanpela species o kain bilong tri kengeru na Youngi em
narapela kain.
Organism - Olgeta kain samting igat
laif. Kain olsem olgeta abus na diwai
na ol liklik binatang.
Evolution – Rot bilong senis i kamap
long bodi bilong abus o diwai long
kamapim nupela kain laif.
Dispela
samting isave kisim plenti milien yia.
Igat sampela saientis i bilip olsem ol
monki i senis isi isi na kamapim ol man
long plenti milien yia igo pinis.
Classification – Rot o sampela wei ol
saientis i usim long kolim ol nem bilong
abus o diwai na putim ol long grup
bilong ol yet.
Biodiveristy – Hamas kain kain abus,
binatang, flawa o diwai samting istap
insait long sampela hap graun o bikbus.
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konsevesin eria buk
Classification (luksave gut na givim
nem)
Ol saientis mas luksave gut na givim nem long kain kain abus, binatang, diwai na flawa
bai helpim ol na yumi olgeta long save stret long nem na piksa bilong wan wan abus o
diwai samting. Taim ol painim nupela samting we i narakain long ol dispela istap pinis
ol mas givim nupela nem. Wankain olsem taim nupela pikinini i kamap mama na papa
mas givim em nupela nem. Olsem na taim Tim Flannery bin kam long Papua Niugini
na painim plenti nupela kain abus olsem Tenkile, em givim nupela nem long em. Insait
long saiens tok ples, dispela wei bilong luksave gut na givim nem long ol abus o diwai
samting, em ol kolim olsem “classification o taxonomy.
Wei bilong wokim classification em i olsem; ol saientis bai kisim wanpela abus na lukluk
gut long ol bun, gras na bodi bilong em na skelim wantaim narapela kain istap pinis. Na
long diwai ol bai lukluk gut long kain samting olsem; frut, lip o skin bilong em na skelim
wantaim narapela sopos em i wankain o nogat. Kain olsem buai na kokonas, tupela em
bilong wanpela grup ol kolim “palms” long tok Inglis. Sikau na tri kengeru em tupela
bilong wanpela grup tu. Ol igat wankain tit, leg na han.
Bilong wanem na ol saientis i wokim classification? Dispela bai helpim ol long kisim
gutpela save long wan wan kain abus na diwai samting. Long dispela rot ol saientis
iken save long wanem wei ol dispela kain abus na diwai samting i bin kamap na wanem
kain senis bai kamap long ol long taim ikam bihain. Ol i ken lukluk long wanem abus i
wankain na klostu wankain olsem kandre o kasen brata (relatives). Tasol namba wan
samting em ol saientis i laik givim nem long wan wan abus na diwai samting bai olgeta
manmeri i ken save gut. Kain olsem long tok ples bilong yupela igat kain kain nem yu
givim long kain kain pisin bai yu ino inap faul taim yu lukim pisin balus o kumul. Saiens
tu em wankain olsem na ol saientis save wokim classification.
Tingim sopos yu ino bihainim stretpela rot bilong salim pas igo long wanpela brata stap
long Pot Mosbi bai ol wok manmeri long Pos Opis i faul na pas ino inap go kamap long
brata bilong yu. Igat spesol rot o wei yu mas bihainim olsem; raitim gut nem bilong
man, pos opis boks namba, taun o siti, na provins o kantri. Sopos yu raitim nem bilong
brata bilong yu tasol na lusim tingting long ol narapela bai ol lain long pos opis i faul na
pas bilong yu i lus. Olgeta kantri long wol imas bihainim wankain rot tasol bai inogat
faul kamap. Olsem tasol long olgeta hap bilong wol igat plenti tokples nem bilong kain
kain abus na diwai o flawa samting. Sampela abus na diwai o flawa i wankain long
plenti kantri long wol tasol igat kain kain tokples nem bilong ol. Olsem na long rot
bilong classification ol saientis long olgeta hap bilong wol imas wanbel long givim
wanpela nem tasol long wan wan abus, diwai o flawa we i wankain, maski em stap long
plenti hap kantri long wol. Wok bilong classification bai helpim ol saientis na yumi
olgeta long save gut long wanem samting yumi lukim na kolim stret nem bilong em we
olgeta manmeri long olgeta hap bilong wol isave long em. Insait long wok bilong saiens
olgeta saientis i save usim tokples Latin long givim nem long olgeta abus, diwai, flawa
na binatang samting.
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konsevesin eria buk
Long tebol daunbilo (figure 1) yumi usim piksa bilong Tenkile long classification.
Tenkile igat kain kain tokples nem bilong em olsem:
Figure 1
Tok Ples
Nem
Inglis
Scott’s Tree kangaroo
Saiens (Latin)
Dendrolagus scottae
Olo
Tenkile
One
Rengile
Elkei
Teklel
Yil
Tikisir
Em nau sopos wanpela saientis bilong kantri Saina i laik wokim risets o stadi long
Tenkile em ino inap bihainim tokples Inglis, Olo, Elkei o Yil. Nogat, em nau bai usim
tokples bilong saiens (Latin) stret na save olsem Tenkile em; Dendrolagus scottae.
Orait insait long saiens nem bilong Tenkile igat tupela hap, Dendrolagus na scottae.
Scottae em i species nem na Dendrolagus em i genus nem bilong Tenkile.
Dendrolagus em i saiens nem bilong tri kengeru. So olgeta kain kain tri kengeru igat
dispela genus nem Dendrolagus. Kain olsem:
Dendrolagus inustus
Dendrolagus pulcherimus
Dendrolagus scottae
Dendrolagus dorianus
Dendrolagus goodfellowi
Youngi, Yangel, Yargel,
Weimangke, Oumak, Weimang
Tenkile, Rengile, Tikisir, Teklel
Doria’s Tree Kangaroo
Goodfellows Tree Kangaroo
Rot bilong classification bai bihainim dispela kain step olsem:
Grup bilong Saiens
Kingdom
Phylum
Class
Order
Family
Genus
Species
Nem bilong grup
Animol
Chortada
Mammals
Marsupials
Macropod
Dendrolagus
Scottae
Mining bilong em
Olgeta animol
Olgeta animol igat bun
Olgeta animol igat susu
Olgeta animol igat bilum
Olgeta sikau, tri kengeru, kengeru
Olgeta Tri kengaru
Tenkile tasol
Taim yu harim Enimol Kingdom yu bai save em i wanpela bikpela grup we olgeta
enimol istap insait. Olgeta abus, rokrok, palai, liklik binatang, pis, liklik binatang bilong
solwara na kindam samting. Orait ol diwai, rop,gras na flawa ol stap insait long
narapela bikpela grup ol kolim Plants Kingdom. Dispela em namba wan step bilong
wokim classification.
Namba tu step em Phylum. Dispela em grup bilong olgeta enimol igat bun. (vetebrates
o backbones). Olgeta pis, rokrok, pisin, snek, palai, kapul na sikau bai stap insait long
dispela grup.
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konsevesin eria buk
Namba tri step em Class. Long dispela grup ol bai putim ol enimol igat wankain
samting wantaim. Kain olsem olgeta enimol igat susu bai go insait long wanpela grup
ol kolim Mammals. Em i min olsem ol rat, pik, dok, pusi, kapul, sikau,mumut na mipela
ol manmeri tu bai stap insait long dispela grup. Ol snek, pisin, rokrok na pis samting bai
stap insait long narapela grup. Em nau yu luksave olsem wok bilong classification long
saiens i brukim ol grup bilong enimol liklik liklik bihainim ol kain kain mak na hap bilong
bodi bilong ol. Orait pisin igat kangal (feathers) so em bai igat grup bilong em yet na
stap blong em yet na pis, rokrok, snek na palai bai stap long grup bilong ol yet. Na
dispela rot bilong brukim ol enimol liklik liklik long grup bai igo olsem tasol inap pinisim
olgeta enimol we ol saientis igat save olsem ol istap long dispela ples graun.
Lukim piksa long tebol daunbilo (figure 2) long kisim moa save long rot bilong
classification.
Figure 2
Pis
Rokrok
(Fish)
(Amphibians)
Snek na
Palai
Pisin
Abus
(birds)
(Mammals)
(Reptiles)
Scales
(aquatic)
Moist smooth
skin
Scales all
over body
Feathers
Fur / hair
Fins
4 legs / no legs
4 legs / no
legs
2 wings / 2
legs
4 Limbs
Gills
gills / lungs
Lungs
Lungs
Lungs
Lay eggs / live
young
lay eggs /
metamorphosis
lay eggs /
live young
Lay eggs
Young suckle
milk
No external
ears
external ear
Ears / no
ears
Ear holes
outer ears
Dispela tebol i soim wanem kain samting ol enimol igat long bodi bilong ol na ol
saientifik grup bilong ol.
Orait namba foa step em ol kolim “order”. Insait long dispela grup ol i brukim ol
Mammals igo long tripela grup. Tenkile istap insait long grup bilong Marsupials. Em ol
dispela enimol igat bilum bilong karim pikinini. Bihain bai yu lukluk moa long dispela.
Ol sikau bilong graun em i wankain olsem tri kengeru. Ol saientis i putim ol insait long
wanpela grup ol kolim Macropod. Dispela nem em i min olsem bikpela foot. (Macro =
bikpela na pod = foot). Na bihain dispela ol Tri Kengeru bai stap long grup bilong ol yet
(Family) long wanem ol save stap antap long diwai na sikau bilong graun bai stap blong
em yet. Ol i ken wokabaut wankain olsem man (bipedally) na dispela genus nem yu
save pinis em Dendrolagus na species istap insait em olsem Tenkile, Youngi na
Weimangke.
Dispela em rot bilong wokim classification insait long saiens. Namba wan samting em i
soim yu plenti kain kain abus na diwai istap insait long renfores. Dispela em i bikpela
samting tru long wol na em i namba wan risen ol lain bilong konseveisin isave wok hat
tru long sevim ol renfores long wanem plenti moa species istap insait long bikbus o
renfores.
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konsevesin eria buk
Mammals
Papua Niugini igat plenti kain kain spesol mammals (enimol igat susu). Em i bikpela
samting long luksave long dispela long wanem dispela bai helpim yu sevim ol istap long
bihain taim. Mammals em kain kain enimol igat gras na susu. Na tu igat warm blooded
na gutpela save. Igat tripela moa liklik grup bilong mammals.
1. Eutherian o Placental Mammals – enimol igat bilum (placenta) istap insait long
bel bilong meri. Pikinini bai gro insait long bilum long bel bilong mama na taim
em redi bai mama rausim ikam autsait. Dispela bilum i pulap long blut na gris
long holim bebi istap gut taim mama igat bel. Mama bai kisim bel na stap
longpela taim bipo long karim. Em ol kain mammals olsem; mipela ol manmeri,
rat, pik, dok, bilak bokis, pusi, ol bikpela pis long solwara olsem dolphin na
whales.
2. Marsupials – enimol igat bilum (pouch) istap autsait long bel bilong meri.
Mama bai kisim bel long sotpela taim tasol na karim pikinini we ino redi gut yet
tasol em bai kam autsait na stap long bilum na kisim susu na kaikai long mama
yet. Sampela mun bihai taim pikinini i bikpela na strongpela orait em bai lusim
mama na go autsait na stap blong em yet. Em ol kain enimol olsem mumut,
kapul, sikau, Tri kengeru na wel dok.
3. Monotremes – meri isave karim kiau na holim klostu long bel inap tupela wik
samting bipo long pikinini i kamap. Bihain
long pikinini kamap em bai dring yet susu
bilong mama. Long wol igat 3pela species
bilong monotremes tasol, longpela nus na
sotpela nus Echidna na Platypus. Dispela
kain longpela nus Echidna istap long
highlands bilong PNG tasol na Ostrelia igat
ol platypus na sotpela nus Echidna. Long
Toriseli maunten na arapela kantri long wol
inogat dispela kain enimol.
Eutherian o placental mammals istap long olgeta
kantri long wol. Tasol ol marsupial isave stap long Ostrelia, Niugini na Amerika tasol.
Ino narapela kantri long wol igat dispela kain abus. Plenti kain kain marsupial insait
long Papua Niugini em i samting bilong Niugini tasol, inogat long arapela kantri long
wol. Igat tu ol marsupial olsem suga klaida na waitpela kapul istap long Ostrelia tasol
plenti em bilong Papua Niugini stret.
Nau yumi bai lukluk moa long ol dispela kain spesol abus ol kolim marsupials.
Marsupials
Olgeta kain kain marsupials igat bilum. Em i namba wan spesol samting taim yumi laik
putim ol wantaim. Ol dispela kain enimol isave stap long Ostrelia, Niugini na Amerika
tasol. Plenti pipol igat bikpela laik long dispela enimol grup. Risen em bikos ol dispela
kain abus igat spesol sindaun bilong ol, kain olsem:
•
•
•
•
•
Ol igat liklik taim bilong kisim bel.
Taim mama karim pikinini em i liklik tru na inogat strong tasol ol iken wokabaut
long painim bilum.
Ol igat bilum na susu istap insait.
Pikinini bai dringim susu na susu bai solap insait long maus bilong pikinini na
pikinini bai gro,
Ol igat wanpela rot tasol bilong pekpek, pispis na karim nupela pikinini.
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konsevesin eria buk
Hia long PNG igat 60 species o kain kain marsupials. Ol i putim ol long foapela grup:
1. Carnivorous Marsupials – ol enimol igat bilum na isave kaikaim ol
narapela liklik abus olsem ol binatang bilong saksak, liklik rat na pisin
samting. Em kain marsupial olsem wel dok (morou pele).
2. Bandicoots – olgeta kain mumut.
3. Cuscus, Possums, Gliders – ol liklik kapul bilong diwai.
4. Macropods (Wallabies, Kangaroos, Tree Kangaroos) – ol sikau na tri
kengeru.
Taim ol saientis i laik grupim ol marsupials ol bai lukluk gut long ol tit, han na lek bilong
abus na long ol bun bilong em, na tu long kain sindaun bilong em.
1.
Ol carnivorous marsupials isave kaikai binatang bilong saksak, arapela abus
olsem pisin, palai, rokrok, na liklik rat. Plenti pipol long saiens ino save gut long ol
dispela kain abus. Plenti saientis igat laik long lukim dispela kain abus tasol ol ino bin
wokim risets o study long ol dispela abus. Tit bilong ol i sap moa na plenti liklik tit istap
insait long maus bilong em na han wantaim leg bilong em ino pas.
2.
Ol Mumut isave kaikai ol binatang tu na ol kain kain talinga na liklik lip so tit
bilong em i klostu wankain olsem carnivorous marsupials. Tasol leg bilong ol na tupela
pinga i pas wantaim. Dispela i mekim ol narakain liklik na istap long narapela grup.
3.
Ol kapul na sikau igat ol tit, leg na han bilong ol i wankain. Ol igat tupela
bikpela tit antap na daun bilo, na leg bilong ol igat tupela pinga isave pas wantaim. Ol
liklik kapul long tok Inglis ol kolim possums tasol igat narakain wei bilong ol. Cuscus
igat dispela strongpela tel we em i ken hangamap long en. Suga Klaida na Noten
Klaida i save flai na ol arapela kapul ol kolim possum stret.
4.
Ol sikau na Tri kengeru igat narapela kain leg na ol saientis i putim ol long
narapela grup ol kolim “Macropod”, ino wantaim ol kapul.
Tri Kengeru
Ol saientis i bin lukluk long olgeta kain Tri
kengeru long Niugini na Ostrelia. Bipo ol i
tok igat tenpela (10) kain tri kengeru istap
long wol, tasol nau ol i tok igat 14 pela
kain Tri kengeru istap nau long wol. As
bilong dispela senis em ol i tok olsem igat
sampela Tri Kengeru ino istap klostu
wantaim ol wantok bilong ol na bai ol inap
marit. So ol i tok dispela em narapela
grup bilong ol yet (special species). Ol i
painim tu ol nupela mak long bodi bilong
ol olsem kala we ino wankain long
arapela. Olsem na ol i tok em i nupela
kain species nau.
Dispela nau i min kain Tri kengeru olsem
‘Weimangke’, ‘Weimang’ or ‘Oumak’ em i
wanpela species bilong em yet long
wanem em igat narapela kain kala (gold).
Olsem na long tok Inglis ol i kolim em
Golden-mantled Tri Kengeru. Bipo dispela
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konsevesin eria buk
kain Tri kengeru istap aninit long Goodfellows tri kengeru. Sampela lain tu i bin go raun
long Wes Papua insait long Foja Mauntens, na ol i bin painim dispela Golden-mantled
Tri Kengeru tu long hap. Em i namba wan taim stret bilong ol saientis long painim
dispela kain Tri kengeru olsem long Wes Papua na dispela nau i kamapim bikpela stori
long wol.
Insait long bikbus bilong Toriseli Maunten igat 3 pela kain Tri kengeru istap. Dispela
em i wanpela ples tasol long wol we igat 3 pela kain Tri kengeru isave sindaun
wantaim. Olsem na ol saientis i bilip olsem Toriseli maunten em i wanpela spesol ples
tru insait long wol.
Weimang
Bipo long 2006 ol saientis i tok Weimang em wanpela bilong Goodfellows Tri Kengeru.
Tasol nau ol putim long grup bilong em yet na kolim olsem Golden-mantled Tri kengeru.
Dispela kain Tri kengeru em i spesol long wanem em stap insait long Toriseli na Foja
Maunten long Wes Papua tasol. Em i narakain long wanem em igat ol kala kala bilong
em na maus gras i wait olgeta. Na tu dispela em liklik Tri kengeru tru.
Tenkile
Wanpela saientis nem bilong em Tim Flannery i bin kam long Papua Niugini na painim
ol kain kain abus. Namel long 1989 igo long 1991 Tim i bin kam long Lumi eria na go
insait long Toriseli Maunten na painim dispela Tenkile. Em i givim saiens nem bilong
Tenkile olsem Dendrolagus scottae o Scott’s Tri kengeru long tok Inglis. Dispela i bin
kamapim bikpela toktok insait long histori bilong wok saiens. Long dispela taim tu Tim
Flannery i bin wanpela laki man stret long kam na painim Tenkile, long wanem namba
bilong dispela abus tu i bin stap daunbilo tru na klostu idai pinis olgeta. Taim namba
bilong abus igo daun olsem 500 samting, ol saientis i kolim “endangered species”.
Tenkile na Weimang em critically endangered species long wanem namba bilong tupela
istap daunbilo tru long 500 long dispela taim Tim Flannery ibin kam raun. Olsem na
sopos yumi ino lukautim gut nau, em bai dai pinis olgeta, (extinct) insait long 10 pela yia
tasol. Dispela em i namba wan risen bilong wanem na intenesinel komuniti igat laik
long save moa long Tenkile na Weimang insait long PNG. Tenkile em i spesol abus
olgeta long wanem em igat smel bilong em we ino wankain olsem ol arapela Tri
kengeru. Na tu em i bilak olgeta na inogat mak mak. Dispela kain Tri kengeru isave
stap insait long Toriseli maunten tasol.
Youngi
Dispela kain Tri kengeru ol kolim long tok ples Olo na long tok ples Elki ol kolim Yangel.
Long tok Inglis ol i kolim Grizzled Tri Kengeru. Dispela kain Tri Kengeru isave stap long
plenti hap olsem Wes Papua igo inap long Is Sepik. Ol i ting namba bilong Youngi em i
orait bikos igat plenti graun bilong em, tasol plenti man isave go long bus na kilim
dispela kain abus. Ol save manmeri tok, dispela kain abus em i “vulnerable”, sopos
yumi ino tingting gut na lukautim , em bai kamap endangered bihain taim tu.
Youngi em i spesol bikos em i bikpela (biggest) tri kengeru long wol. Youngi isave pait
strong na man i bikpela moa long meri. Dispela em min olsem wanpela man i mas igat
plenti meri. Man isave kros pait na holim plenti hap graun na winim plenti meri na
maritim ol. Dispela tu i min olsem namba bilong Youngi bai stap antap na i orait liklik.
Youngi igat bikpela na longpela tel bilong em i winim ol narapela Tri kengeru.
Plenti pipol igat bikpela laik long painim aut moa long ol Tri kengeru bikos ol isave
sindaun antap long diwai. Dispela em narakain samting stret long wanem ol kengeru i
bikpela abus we ol mas stap long graun tasol. Plenti pipol tu i lukim ol na aigris na pilim
sori long ol. Long ol ples insait long Toriseli maunten igat plenti stori tumbuna long
Youngi na Tenkile, olsem na dispela inap tru long helpim olgeta manmeri long ples long
kisim save long konseveisin na kisim gutpela tingting long lukautim ol busgraun na abus
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konsevesin eria buk
wantaim. Long tok Inglis ol kolim ‘flagship’ species. Tenkile na Weimang em i tupela
flagship species bilong Toriseli maunten na PNG.
Arapela grup
Sampela taim ol saientis isave putim ol okenisems o abus insait long ol kain kain grup
bihainim kain kain wei bilong ol abus isave kaikai o karim pikinini o ol namba bilong ol
istap long bikbus samting. Dispela tu bai helpim ol long wokbung wantaim na toktok
long bihain taim bilong ol abus. Namba wan wei ol usim nau em i konseveisin grup
bilong ol abus na diwai. Nau plenti kain abus idai pinis olgeta na plenti pipol fret long
lukim dispela kamap bikpela. So ol saientis isave wok wantaim long makim wanem
abus i klostu dai pinis, o plenti istap o dai pinis olgeta. Nem bilong dispela em i
‘konseveisin status’. Kain olsem:
Extinct – taim sampela species idai pinis olgeta o nogat wanpela man i painim na lukim
inap long 50 yia, em nau bai ol i tok olsem dispela species bilong ol abus o diwai
samting i pinis olgeta o extinct long tok Inglis. Long Ostrelia, Tasmanian Taiga na ol
dainaso i pinis olgeta o extinct. Hia long westen sait bilong Toriseli maunten,
Weimangke na Guria pisin idai pinis olgeta. Ol i kolim ‘locally extinct’.
Endangered – taim wanpela kain species i klostu dai pinis olgeta o taim samting isave
bagarapim na em bai dai pinis insait long 10 – 20 yia tasol, long tok Inglis ol kolim
‘Endangered’. Sopos em istap long mak nogut tru bilong pinis olgeta em ol i kolim
‘critically endangered,’ wankain olsem Tenkile.
Vulnerable – Ol species we bai kamap endangered sopos ol pipol ino lukautim gut.
Namba bilong ol i orait nau tasol long taim bihain yumi mas lukluk gut na sekim namba
bilong ol. Kain olsem Youngi nau em vulnerable species.
Rare – taim dispela species igat liklik namba long wol tasol em i orait namba bilong ol
istap wankain tasol. Ol ino endangered o vulnerable long wanem ol man ino bagarapim
ol.
Threatened – dispela nem i karamapim olgeta abus o diwai we namba bilong ol igo
daun. Kain olsem critically endangered, endangered o vulnerable.
Indeterminate – taim igat wanpela species bilong abus istap we i endangered,
vulnerable o rare tasol ino klia bikos ol saientis ino bin go insait na painim ol long
bikbus.
Insufficiently known – taim ol saientis ino klia gut na faul olgeta. Ol saientis igat
tingting olsem namba bilong species igo daun tasol ol nogat sampela tok tru (evidence)
long sapotim tingting bilong ol. Plenti species insait long Papua Niugini istap insait long
dispela grup. Kain olsem plenti kain kain rokrok na binatang.
Common – ol species we namba bilong ol i orait tasol, nogat hevi o wari. Kain olsem ol
rat bilong haus na ol pik long ples.
Taim yu lukim ol threatened species insait long wol bai yu lukim plenti moa species i
kisim dispela hevi bilong namba i wok long go daun. Igat ol kain kain hevi bilong ol
threatened species olsem:
•
nogat bikbus o renfores o inap kaikai = habitat loss
•
man isave kilim na kaikaim olsem abus = overharvesting
•
arapela abus isave kilim ol, kain olsem pusi na dok i kilim ol mumut = exotic
species
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konsevesin eria buk
•
•
Win o war no gut I save bagarapim ol = pollution
Graun bilong ol I bruk bruk an kamap olsem ailan = islandisation
Saiens na konseveisin i resis na traim long sevim ol abus nau. Dispela tebol daunbilo
(figure 3) bai soim yu senis bilong namba bilong threatened species insait long wol long
14 pela yia igo pinis. Lukluk gut long namba bilong mammals na rokrok . Plenti tumas i
klostu dai pinis na dispela ino gutpela tumas.
Figure 3
Enimol Grup
1990
1994
1996
2000
2004
Mammals
535
741
1096
1130
1101
Pisin
1026
970
1107
1183
1212
Snek / Palai
169
316
253
296
304
Rokrok
57
169
124
146
1770
Pis
713
979
734
752
801
Binatang
1977
2754
1891
1928
1992
Olgeta
4477
5929
5206
5435
7180
Dispela tebol (figure 4) bai soim namba bilong threatened species istap insait long
PNG, Ostrelia na Amerika. Insait long Ostrelia na Amerika igat plenti threatened
species tru bikos ol i divelop na bagarapim plenti bikbus pinis. Na long PNG inogat
plenti treatened species tumas bikos igat bikpela renfores istap yet na tu ol saientis ino
save gut yet.
Kantri
Mammal
Pisin
Reptile
Rokrok
Pis
Kindam
Binatang
Plant
Extinct
Figure 4
PNG
58
33
9
10
31
2
10
142
1
AUST
63
60
38
47
74
176
107
56
37
USA
40
71
27
50
154
261
300
240
237
“Destroyed buildings can be rebuilt; destroyed works of art may possibly be
replaced by new creations; but every animal and every flower which becomes
extinct is lost forever in the most absolute of all deaths.” (Joseph Wood Krutch)
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konsevesin eria buk
Biodiversity
Bio em min olsem samting igat laif na diversity em min olsem plenti kain kain samting.
So biodiversity em min plenti kain kain samting igat laif. Ol saientis i laik painim aut gut
namba bilong kain kain (okenisems) samting istap long wol, na ol i bin painim na
kauntim pinis samting olsem wan milien kain kain okenisems na givim saiens nem long
ol. Ol iting imas igat samting olsem 40 milien samting istap yet we ol ino inap painim na
givim saiens nem long ol. Long tok Inglis ol i kolim olsem undiscovered species (abus o
diwai).
Plenti wok manmeri bilong saiens isave long plenti kain kain abus istap insait long
renfores. Refores i pulap tru long biodivesity. Ol iting Papua Niugini igat bikpela
namba bilong biodiveristy. Nau ol lain bilong konseveisin i wok hat tru long sevim ol
renfores bipo long ol refores i pinis na biodiveristy tu i pinis wantaim. Papua Niugini em
i liklik kantri tasol igat plenti samting istap insait. Em long wanem PNG igat bikbus o
renfores istap yet na ino bagarap. PNG winim plenti arapela kantri long wol long ol
samting bilong abus olsem:
• namba tri renfores long world (3rd largest rainforest in the world)
• 60 kainkain marsupial
• 2 pela kain monotremes
• 10 pela kain kain tri kengeru
• 9 pela kain kain cuscus
• 5 pela kain kain dorcopsis sikau
• 16 pela kain kain possum
• 725 kain kain pisin
• 27 kain kain kingfisher
• 42 kain kain bird of paradise
• 3 pela kain muruk (noten, sauten na sotpela muruk).
• 1 pela pisin igat poison (Hooded Pithoui).
• 1 pela pisin isave slip aninit long graun (Greater Melanpitta).
• 20,000 kain kain plants.
• 2000 kain kain okid flawa.
• 2000 kain kain fern.
• bikpela (biggest) rokrok bilong diwai (White-lipped Tree Frog)
• bikpela (biggest) bataplai (Queen Alexandras Birdwing Butterfly)
• bikpela (biggest) bataplai bilong nait (Hercules Moth)
• bikpela (largest) pukpuk (Salt water Crocodile)
• longpela palai tru (longest lizard) (Salvadors Monitor)
• liklik parrot pisin tru (smallest) long wol (Buff-faced Pygmy Parrot)
• na tu korol rif igat plenti kain kain okenisems insait tu olsem pis, korol na
plenti ol liklik kindam samting.
Em nau yu ken lukim olsem PNG igat plenti kain kain samting tru istap na i winim tru
arapela kantri long wol. Mipela hop dispela bai soim yu olsem ol abus na diwai bilong
Papua Niugini i spesol na igat nem na namba long wol. Yupela Papua Niugini imas
amamas na wok hat long lukautim ol dispela samting bikos em i givim yu nem na
namba tu. Sopos ol pipol ino lukautim gut na ol dai pinis olgeta, ol arapela manmeri
long wol bai tingting plenti na lukim yupela olsem ol lain nogut o kain olsem. Olsem na
yupela mas lukautim gut dispela biodiversity bilong yupela.
“Man didn’t weave the web of life; he is merely a strand in it. Whatever he does
to the web he does to himself”
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konsevesin eria buk
Chief Seattle
Kain kain enimol igat bilum
Papua Niugini igat kain kain enimol igat bilum o marsupial. Dispela em bikpela samting
tru bikos inogat narapela kantri igat ol dispela kain abus. Sampela istap insait long
Ostrelia tasol 75% samting istap insait long Niugini tasol. Dispela em i gutpela piksa
bilong biodiversity.
Nau sopos ol manmeri i ting enimol igat bilum em gutpela abus
tasol na kaikai, em min olsem ol bai pinis kwik na yumi nogat
wei long kisim ol bek. Sopos yu pinisim ol pik, dok o pusi em
ino bikpela wari tumas. Yu ken go long Ostrelia o Indonesia
na kisim nupela na kam lukautim. Tasol sopos ol sikau,
mumut, liklik kapul o arapela abus igat bilum i pinis olgeta,
yumi nogat wei long kisim ol bek gen. Dispela em i namba
wan wari tru bilong ol saientis na lain bilong konseveisin. Taim
ol i extinct, yumi nogat nau. Bai yumi lukim piksa na stori tasol
insait long buk.
Kain kain pisin
Plenti pipol long wol isave aigris tru long ol pisin bilong Papua Niugini. Bikpela tru em
kumul pisin. Kumul em wanpela naispela biknem pisin long olgeta hap bilong wol.
Kumul i makim Papua Niugini long wol insait long PNG flag na plenti piksa bilong em
long Air Niugini balus na insait long ol stoa na long ol buk samting. Insait long PNG igat
42 kain kain kumu. Ostrelia igat tupela kain tasol na inogat long arapela kantri long wol.
Sopos PNG i lukautim gut kumul em i wanpela gutpela piksa long soim ol turis na lain
bilong saiens. Plenit pipol igat laik long wokim piksa bilong em na lukim tasol. Ol laik
lukim piksa na kisim foto tasol na ino long kilim idai. Plenti lain husat igat bikpela laik
long ol pisin bai tok olsem Bird of Paradise (kumul) na ol parrot em ol feivret pisin bilong
ol. Insait long PNG igat plenti spesol kain kain kumul na parrot pisin na dispela em i
narapela piksa bilong biodiversity.
Kain kain rokrok
Long Papua Niugini igat kain kain rokrok istap. Plenti save manmeri bilong saiens ino
bin lukim ol yet na plenti nupela kain kain species i bin kam aut long Papua Niugini.
Wanpela man nem bilong em Chris Dahl i bin go long universiti na wok wantaim ol lain
bilong Wildlife Conservation Society (WCS) long Goroka). Dispela man isave go raun
painim na skelim ol kain kain rokrok. Taim em i bungim wanpela nupela kain rokrok em
bai givim saiens nem long em. Long 2005 em i painin 22 nupela kain rokrok na dispela
em i wanpela gutpela na naispela wok bilong saiens.
Taim Matt West na Michael Shelton bin kam na stap long Lumi, tupela i bin lukim ol
kain kain rokrok. Nau tupela poro ya igat bikpela laik tru long rokrok bilong Papua
Niugini. Tupela tok bai tupela kam bek gen long wokim narapela wok painim aut long ol
rokrok bilong Niugini. So tingim, sopos yupela kilim olgeta kain rokrok na kaikai bai ol
autsait lain kam raun long ples bilong yupela tu o nogat? Rokrok ino samting nating, ol
tu igat nem na namba long wol olsem na yupela mas lukautim ol gut.
Plenti kain kain rokrok em i nupela na stap insait long Toriseli maunten. Ol save man
bilong saiens imas kam na painim ol na skelim. Taim ol i skelim ol bai painim aut sopos
em i nupela species o nogat.
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konsevesin eria buk
Kain kain binatang
Insait long wol namba bilong ol binatang i winim ol narapela kain abus. Igat plenti moa
kain kain na namba bilong ol binatang insait long wol. Kain olsem wanpela man bai igat
200 binatang na wanpela mammal bai igat 314 binatang samting. Namba bilong ol
binatang i winim ol arapela samting. Sampela lain bilong saiens igat bikpela laik long ol
binatang na ol i laik painim na givim saiens nem long ol. Igat tausen na milien nupela
kain binatang istap insait long Papua Niugini we ol inogat yet saiens nem bilong ol.
Long Madang sampela yut isave go raun long bus na painim ol binatang na lainim wei
bilong givim saiens nem long ol. Ol dispela yut isave wokbung wantaim wanpela man
bilong saiens long Madang. Ol dispela yut ol isave kolim ol olsem ol “Mangi Binatang”.
Igat tu narapela lain i wok long Bulolo long Morobe Provins na ol lukautim ol
bataflai. Ol isave putim ol bataflai long sampela plastik na piksa frem na
bihain salim long ol turis na sampela lain bilong saiens. Dispela em i kamap
olsem wanpela liklik bisnis bilong ol pipol bilong Bulolo. Plenti pipol hia i
ting binatang em i samting nating tasol nogat ya. Em igat nem na namba tu
long wol. Tasol namba wan risen long lukautim ol binatang em bikos ol
isave helpim sapotim laif bilong ol arapela abus insait long renfores. Ol i
olsem ol kaikai bilong ol arapela abus insait long renforest. Yumi bai toktok
moa long dispela samting aninit long ‘food webs’. Long tok Inglis ol kolim
ol binatang olsem ol ‘keystone species’. Em min olsem sopos ol binatang
idai bai ol arapela abus tu idai na pinis wantaim.
Kain kain okids
Okid flawa em i wanpela gutpela piksa bilong biodiversity
insait long Papua Niugini. PNG igat samting olsem 2,0003,000 kain kain okid flawa. Nau insait long PNG ol okid
flawa i bin givim PNG bikpela nem na namba long wol.
Taim ol save manmeri i skelim namba bilong okid flawa, ol
wol i amamas tru na ol igat bikpela laik long ol okids bilong
PNG. Sampela saientis i bin kam na skelim ol okid. Ol
turis na sampela intenesinel lain tu i bin kam na baim ol
okids na kisim foto long ol. Sampela hap bilong PNG tude
igat okid faming we kamap olsem liklik bisnis bilong ol.
Plenti samting long ol bikbus bilong Papua Niugini i winim
tru ol arapela kantri. Na Papua Niugini igat gutpela risen
long amamas long dispela samting. Konseveisin em i wok
tru bilong lukautim ol dispela kain samting yu gat long
bikbus. Sopos yu ino lukautim gut nau na yu gridi na
bagarapim olgeta samting long bus, pikinini bilong yu bai
inogat dispela samting long givim em biknem na amamas
long bihain taim. Yu ting wanem long dispela?
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konsevesin eria buk
Bagarap bilong Biodiversity
Population Growth o gro bilong namba bilong ol
manmeri na pikinini em namba wan samting long
bagarapim biodiversity. Long wol tude igat moa long
6 bilien pipol istap. Papua Niugini igat 5 milien pipol
na dispela namba istat nau long givim plenti hevi igo
long ol risoses long graun na environmen. Insait
long PNG igat arapela bagarap bilong biodiversity tu
isave kamap taim loging na maining kampani ikam
insait na katim diwai o rausim kol, kopa, oil na ges
samting long bikbus. Tasol wok gaden na painim abus em i namba wan bagarap bilong
biodiversity insait long ol ples bilong PNG. Plenti man tru i save was na kilim abus na
wok gaden insait long bikbus long tude. Dispela em tupela we bilong bagarap kamap
long biodiversity long ples taim namba bilong ol pipol i gro.
Fifti (50) yia igo pinis namba bilong ol manmeri long ples ino bikpela tumas olsem tude.
Bipo inogat gutpela hausik na marasin, olsem na plenti manmeri na pikinini isave dai
long kain kain sik. Long wok bilong saiens, ol kain kain strongpela marasin i bin kamap
long 1950’s. Taim ol namba wan waitman ikam long Papua Niugini ol i bringim gutpela
marasin ikam na pinisim ol kain kain sik. Dispela nau i helpim populeisin bilong PNG
long gro hariap tru long wanem plenti manmeri na pikinini ino inap long dai kwik nau.
Dispela em i as bilong dispela hevi bilong plenti manmeri.
Taim igat plenti manmeri o pikinini insait long wan wan femili, yu mas painim plenti moa
kaikai na busgraun bilong wokim gaden, diwai bilong wokim haus na kisim moa mit
bilong abus long kaikai. Em nau yu bai luksave olsem igat problem. Abus na graun
isot, diwai, kaikai na kumu samting tu bai isot. Dispela nau em wanpela bikpela hevi tru
long PNG na i putim bikpela presa long gavman. Nau yumi mas stat long tingting plenti
na senisim tingting na kisim gutpela save bilong kontrolim femili bipo long bikpela hevi i
painim yumi long ol yia ikam bihain.
Narapela samting tu em taim waitman ikam insait long Papua Niugini, plenti kastom na
kalsa i senis na dispela tu bin bagarapim sidaun bilong ol pipol long ol ples. Plenti pipol
i lain nau long kaikai moa mit long olgeta dei na plenti moa man imas go long painim
abus long bus. Plenti pipol bin usim masket bilong waitman na pinisim tru ol abus
olsem Guria pisin na daunim namba bilong plenti narapela kain abus. Na tu plenti pipol
ino fret moa long raun nating long bus na go insait long graun bilong narapela klen o
ples. Ol dispela nau em risen bilong daunim namba bilong abus na ol narapela risoses
long busgraun.
Loging na maining tu isave givim bikpela bagarap long biodiversity. Namba wan
bagarap em dispela i kamap long graun na bikbus. Ol abus i kisim kaikai long ol diwai
na usim tu ol diwai olsem haus bilong ol. Taim ol kampani i katim ol diwai o digim
graun long wok maining long wanpela eria dispela bai kamapim bikpela bagarap tru na
olgeta abus wantaim ol pisin bai dai o ron igo long narapela hap long hait na painim
kaikai. Dispela em tupela we bilong kamapim bikpela bagarap long olgeta laif insait
long renfores. Dispela kain renfores bai gro gen tasol em bai ino olsem bipo. Em bai
kamap secondary renfores we ino gutpela tumas long plenti abus olsem Tenkile,
Weimang, o muruk.
Sampela pipol i tok long taim bilong loging ol abus bai ranawe na hait. Dispela ino tru.
Sopos wanpela mumut i lusim graun bilong em bikos loging i rausim ol diwai na graun,
na sopos em bungim narapela mumut, tupela bai pait long winim wanpela hap graun na
wanpela mas idai long dispela pait. Tupela abus ino inap hait long wanpela liklik hap
Page 47
konsevesin eria buk
graun o ples, wankain olsem yumi ol manmeri. Wan wan abus isave stap long graun
bilong em yet na igat spesol eria ol usim long sapotim laif. Sopos graun isot long abus,
namba bilong abus tu bai isot.
Sampela lain bai tok loging em i gutpela bikos bihain yu ken groim kes krop olsem oil
palm, tasol dispela em i bikpela giaman divelopmen. Plenti oil palm bisnis ino kamap
gut tude na ino inap kamap gut long bihain taim. Graun bilong renfores ino gutpela
tumas taim olgeta diwai i pinis. Olgeta gris bilong gaun bai pinis taim olgeta diwai antap
long dispela graun i pinis. Bihain long loging na yu planim ol kaikai o diwai gen, ol bai
gro insait long 1-2 yia, bihain long dispela ol bai dai bikos gris bilong graun i pinis taim
bikpela ren ikam daun na rausim ol gris long graun.
Maining isave bagarapim graun na wara. Taim wara karim ol rabis bilong main olsem
long Flai Riva long Westen Provins, ol marasin nogut tu istap insait long dispela ol rabis
o waste. Dispela marasin nogut inap long kilim olgeta pis long wara na bagarapim ol
graun na kaikai ino inap gro. Ok Tedi Mining Limited i bin wokim bikpela bagarap tru
insait long Flai Riva na nau dispela ekosistem idai pinis olgeta. Nogat wanpela samting
igat laif istap nau insait long dispela bikpela wara. Ol papagraun bin traim traim long
kotim kampani long kisim kompenseisin tasol nogat olgeta. Graun na bus bilong ol idai
pinis olgeta.
Sampela taim loging na maining iken kamapim gutpela divelopmen sopos igat gutpela
kampani ikam insait long wokim wok tasol plenti taim dispela ino save kamap long
PNG. Insait long Papua Niugini olgeta i laikim moni nau yet nau yet, na ol ino tingting
long bihain taim. Dispela em i wanpela bikpela problem insait long plenti yangpela
kantri long wol olsem Papua Niugini. Gavman, papagraun na ol kampani i laikim moni
hariap tasol na ol ino save tingting long wanem samting nogut bai kamap long bihain
taim.
“The air is precious to the red man. For all things share the same breath, the
beast, the trees, the man, they all share the same breath…What is man without
the beasts? If all the beasts were gone, men would die from a great loneliness of
spirit. For whatever happens to the beasts, soon happens to man. All things are
connected…whatever befalls the earth befalls the sons of the earth.”
Indian Chief Seattle - Duwamish Leader Washington USA (1854)
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konsevesin eria buk
NATURAL RISOSES/ RISOSES BILONG
GRAUN
Long pinis bilong dispela hap skul ol manmeri i kisim dispela skul inap long:
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
luksave long natural risoses em wanem samting na kamapim ol ples klia
kisim save long mining bilong konseveisin, katim gut diwai na menesim natural
risoses
kisim save bilong wanem yumi mas lukautim gut natural risoses long bihain
taim
pulim tingting na tok pait long ol hevi bilong konseveisin
save gut long bikpela tingting bilong saiens we i sut stret long konseveisin na –
kirapim tingting long ol gutpela rot bilong konseveisin istap we ol i ken usim
long kisim na usim ol natural risoses
usim dispela skul long kamapim natural risos menesmen plen long ples bilong
ol
skelim pasin na wei bilong tumbuna na saiens na lukim wanem rot em i gutpela
long usim long ples long kamapim konseveisin eria menesmen.
Tok igo pas
Insait long dispela skul bai yu harim ol kain nupela tok bilong saiens na Inglis olsem:
Sustainable – Yu kisim gut wanpela samting olsem saksak o mambu long bus na bai
nupela iken kamap gen hariap long yu usim gen bihain taim. Long renfores yu mas
katim wan wan diwai tasol bai nupela iken kamap gen long usim bihain. Dispela em
mining o as tingting bilong dispela tok sustainable. Olgeta abus na diwai samting long
bus imas senis na senis tasol na inogat pinis bilong ol.
Resources – Ol pipol o samting bilong helpim yu mekim wok o kisim skul. Ol natural
risos em ol samting olsem graun, wara, diwai, oil na ges, gol na kopa, na abus long
bus. Kain olsem ol diwai em i helpim yu long wokim haus na dispela buk yu ridim nau
em i wanpela risos tu long helpim yu kisim save. Ol human risos em ol man, meri na
pikinini wantaim kain kain gutpela save na strong na tingting. Arapela risos em kain
olsem ol gavman, NGO, lotu, bisnis, moni, kago, skul na trening.
Konseveisin – em i min olsem yumi mas usim na lukautim gut samting. I olsem yumi
mas pasim rot na wok bilong bungim olgeta samting na usim isi isi. Taim bilong bikpela
bagarap ikam bihain bai yumi ino inap sot long wanpela samting olsem; diwai, abus o
graun bilong wokim gaden. Konseveisin em tok bilong waitman we i nupela long PNG,
tasol em istap pinis insait long kastom na kalsa bilong ol pipol bilong Wape na PNG.
Tambuim o banisim nau liklik namba bilong Tenkile long kamap plenti long bihain taim
em wanpela rot tu bilong strongim pasin tumbuna bilong Toriseli maunten.
Populeisin – em namba bilong ol sampela kain species olsem Tenkile, Guria pisin o
manmeri long ples. Gavman isave mekim wok senses long kauntim namba bilong ol
pipol o populeisin long ples na kantri PNG. Ol saientis tu isave wokim senses long
save gut long populeisin bilong olgeta kain abus, pisin o binatang samting istap long
bikbus.
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Komuniti – i karamapim olgeta populeisin bilong samting igat laif istap insait long
wanpela eria. Kain olsem namba bilong ol manmeri, kakaruk, pik, dok, kokonas, buai o
tulip samting olgeta stap wantaim long wanpela ples.
Natural risoses – em wanem samting?
Natural i min olsem samting i kamap long graun na risos em samting igat gutpela wok o
bikpela velyu bilong em. Olgeta samting istap long bikbus olsem graun, wara, diwai,
abus na pisin, gol o kopa samting, em ol natural risoses. Sampela risos olsem oil, ges,
gol na kopa isave dai o pinis hariap. Ol kolim dispela long tok Inglis olsem nonrenewable risos. Na sampela olsem diwai na abus isave dai isi isi na inap kamap gen
long graun sopos ol man i lukautim gut. Dispela long tok Inglis ol kolim renewable o
sustainable risos.
Kain olsem ol samting igat laif bai kamap gen sopos mama na papa istap o bikpela
mama diwai istap. Long tok Inglis ol kolim sustainable o renewable risos. Tasol
sampela kain risos ino sustainable ol kolim non-renewable risos. Kain olsem gol, oil,
gas na graun. Ol dispela samting bai kisim plenti yia tru long kamap so ino sustainable.
Plenti samting yumi save usim long sapotim laif em ol natural risoses. Sopos yumi
nogat ol natural risoses olsem wara bai laif bilong yumi i senis hariap na plenti man,
meri na pikinini bai lusim laif na idai. Konseveisin em i wok bilong lukautim ol natural
risoses bilong yumi.
“A man should rely on his own resources; the one who so trains himself is ready
for any emergency”.
Omaha, Oral Tradition
Natural risos menesmen
Aninit long wok bilong konseveisin igat menesmen na bai - lo bilong helpim pipol
lukautim ol natural risoses bilong ol. Dispela em min olsem yupela bai usim na kisim
sampela samting tasol long bus na lo bai banisim o tambu long yupela long sevim
sampela istap long usim long taim bihain. Ol pipol i mas tingting gut na sevim sampela
samting istap long usim long taim bihain. Sopos yupela pinisim olgeta risoses long nau
tasol bai ol lain pikinini na tumbuna bilong yupela usim wanem samting bihain?
Ol gavman bilong narapela kantri long wol igat wok manmeri bilong lukautim ol bikbus
na environmen ol kolim olsem ‘rangers’. Tasol long Papua Niugini ol lain bilong
Konseveisin Eria Menesmen Komiti bai kamap olsem rangers na lukautim environmen
na natural risoses long ples. Dispela em i bikpela wok o responsibility nau tasol igat
gutpela kaikai long bihain taim we ol pikinini na tumbuna bilong yupela bai amamas na
sidaun gut. Olsem na yu noken sidaun nating na weitim gavman o narapela lain
manmeri autsait long kam helpim yu. Yu mas kirap nau na mekim wok long helpim yu
yet na kamap independent o ‘Self- reliant’.
Sopos yu lukluk insait long PNG na plenti arapela kantri long wol, bai yu lukim plenti
bagarap bilong environmen. Kain olsem Ok Tedi Mining i bagarapim Flai Riva na wok
didiman o agriculture i bagarapim plenti graun long Ostrelia, Vietnam na Congo na
raunim plenti abus igo longwe tru. Plenti ples igat sampela kain hevi bilong environmen
bikos ol pipol ino tingting long bihain taim. Ol tingting long kisim moni o helpim bilong
nau tasol. Sopos yu laik sapotim dispela kain tingting yu ino inap kamap gutpela
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konsevesin eria buk
ranger. Tasol yu mas luksave nau olsem olgeta samting long bus istat long go daun na
pinis isi isi olsem na yu mas redi long wokim natural risos menesmen long ples na bus
bilong yu.
“To the Westerner land is a commodity, a resource to be bought, exploited
developed and sold” (what does it mean to the PNG National?)
David Suzuki – from Wisdom of the Elders
Konseveisin Eria Menesmen Komiti
Olgeta liklik ples istap aninit long ol wok Tenkile Conservation Alliance i kirapim bai
kamapim dispela konseveisin eria. Ol i bin wanbel long larim sampela graun istap
nating na usim long wok bilong konseveisin na ol ino inap go insait painim abus, kisim
diwai o wokim gaden. Igat sampela bai – lo bai ol dispela ples i kamapim long banisim
konseveisin eria bilong ol. Ol menesmen komiti bilong dispela konseveisin eria bai
kamap olsem papa bilong lukautim busgraun insait long konseveisin eria na bringim ol
bikhet na hambak manmeri long kot. Ol mas usim ol bai–lo bilong konseveisin eria long
kotim ol dispela kain manmeri o lainim ol long rispektim wok bilong konseveisin.
Sustainable Harvesting
Dispela tok Inglis i min olsem kisim gut na isi long ol samting long bus bai ino inap
bagarapim ol narapela we bai i senisim na kamapim nupela long usim bihain taim.
Sustainable Harvesting em i min olsem kisim na senisim. Sopos yu tingting long kisim
tasol na ino senisim bai inogat nupela kamap istap long usim bihain. Tasol sopos yu
kisim wan wan o isi isi na yu givim abus o diwai taim long gro gen bai igat plenti gen
long yu usim long bihain taim. Kain olsem sopos yu laik katim wanpela bikpela diwai,
yu mas senisim na planim 5 o 10 pela liklik long kisim ples bilong dispela yu katim.
Plenti ol gutpela kampani bilong loging isave wokim dispela long menesim na stretim
bagarap ol wokim long renfores. Yu mas planim dispela kain namba bilong nupela
diwai bikos nogut yu planim wanpela tasol na em idai samting bai inogat moa senis
bilong dispela diwai yu katim pinis.
Plenti taim namba bilong abus, diwai o renfores bai gro gen tasol bai gro isi isi tru na
kisim longpela taim. Namba bilong ol pipol long PNG na wol tude isave gro hariap tru
na i winim gro bilong ol abus na diwai long bus. Long dispela risen tasol na taim yu
kisim ol risoses o samting long bus bilong yu tude, yu mas lukaut gut na noken
bagarapim ol narapela samting o noken kisim plenti plenti tumas. Yu mas stat nau long
plenim tu sais o namba bilong femili bilong yu wantaim hamas risoses yu igat istap nau
long bus na hamas risoses yu ting bai yu igat long bihain taim. Nogut yu igat plenti
pikinini na tumbuna bihain na ol inogat inap risoses olsem saksak o diwai long usim.
“The frog does not drink up the pond in which he lives”
Sioux Proverb
Natural Risos Menesmen
Rot bilong menesim ol risoses em hat na longpela stret na ino wanpela isi samting.
Long bihainim gut dispela rot oltaim yu mas lukluk na save gut, skelim na wokim
gutpela disisen long wanem gutpela samting bai kamap long bihain taim. Olgeta komiti
memba i mas sidaun wantaim na wokbung long plenim ol risoses na toktok plenti long
namba wan wei bilong wokim wok na sevim ol risoses long taim bihain. Dispela em i
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gutpela stat bilong lukautim na menesim ol risoses long ples. Sampela rot o step bilong
menesim environmen na ol risoses bilong yu em i olsem:
PLENING
1. Luksave long ol nid bilong komuniti
2. Wokim sket mep
3. Luksave long ol risoses long graun
4. Makim wanpela hekta graun long usim
5. Wokim plen bilong wan hekta graun
6. Wokim 5 yia plen.
WOKIM WOK
1. Wokim edukeisin awenes
2. Wokim trening
3. Tok stia
4. Supavisen
5. Wok prektis.
MONITORING
1. Wok painim aut
2. Risets
3. Stori.
PLENING
Long kamapim wanpela nupela projek, plening em bikpela samting tru na em i namba
wan step. Sopos yu kamapim wanpela projek na inogat gutpela plening bai isi tru long
yu lus tingting long sampela step bilong bihainim na yu ino inap wokim gut dispela
projek.
1.
Luksave long ol nid bilong komuniti – nambawan samting tru. Lukluk long ol
nids bilong komunti. Sidaun wantaim komuniti na painim aut wanem samting ol nidim
long stap laif, kain olsem kaikai, abus o diwai na raitim long pepa. Dispela em i bikpela
wok bikos environmen bilong yu igat ol dispela samting long givim kaikai na bilong
wokim haus samting.
2.
Wokim sket mep – wokim sket mep i soim olgeta graun insait long komunti na
olgeta risoses istap insait long graun. Makim pilo mak o boundary wantaim narapela
ples, we ol gaden na kes krop istap, we ol gutpela diwai na bikpela bus istap, ol
konseveisin eria na ol arapela spesol ples olsem ples masalai o ples tambu. Makim ol
kain kain wara na fut trek, ples na ol haus. Sket mep mas karamapim olgeta samting
stap insait long em.
3.
Luksave long ol risoses long graun – luksave gut long olgeta risoses istap long
graun bilong yu. Makim long sket mep na painim aut wanem samting isot na wanem
samting igat plenti. Taim yu wokim dispela yu mas lukluk long ol nids bilong komuniti
wantaim dispela risoses insait long sket mep bilong yu.
4.
Makim wanpela hap hekta graun long usim – makim wan hekta graun we yu bai
wokim wok long em. Insait long dispela hap graun bai yu lukluk long karamapim
sampela samting yu nidim (olsem kaikai o diwai) na sampela samting yu ino nidim. Na
sampela hap graun bai yu lusim istap nating bilong yu mekim sampela wok long bihain
taim.
5.
Wokim plen bilong wan hekta eria – yu mas makim dispela graun, skelim na
lukluk gut long wanem risoses istap insait. Dispela em i namba wan wok bilong
plening. Yu mas makim olgeta samting yu bai nidim bihain taim na larim dispela
samting istap. Orait lukluk long graun, wara, diwai, kaikai, na olgeta samting na tingting
gut long wanem wei bai yu lukautim gut ol dispela samting. Sopos yu laik sevim
sampela diwai orait makim nau bai ol man o meri ino inap bagarapim.
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6.
Wokim 5 yia plen – nau yu ken lukluk long ol narapela wan hekta blok na
wokim 5 yia plen long ol arapela graun insait long komunti.
WOKIM WOK
Dispela em i olsem wokim wok bihainim ol skul yu kisim pinis na tingting gut long sevim
ol risoses bilong yu. Ol sampela rot bilong yu bihainim em istap hia:
1.
Edukeisin Awenes – bipo yu stat yu mas givim sampela skul long ol pipol bilong
ples long wei bilong wokim wok insait long dispela eria o hap graun.
2.
Trening – redim sampela kos o woksop samting na givim moa trening sopos ol
ino klia gut yet long wanem samting ol imas mekim.
3.
Tok stia – taim yu soim ol long wei bilong wok yu mas givim ol sampela taim na
larim ol yet (independent) i wokim wok. Dispela i min olsem givim ol independens.
4.
Supavisen – lukluk long wok ol i mekim. Sopos ol ino mekim stret yu mas
stretim na givim ol stia toktok na tingting.
5.
Prektis – nau em i laik bilong ol manmeri long wokim wok bilong ol yet. Ol imas
prektis o lainim moa yet long mekim samting i kamap. Sampela taim ol bai slek,
pudaun o filim les, tasol plenti taim sopos ol i traim hat tru na prektis moa, ol bai inap
long winim dispela wok. Taim ol isave pinis ol bai laikim tru long wokim wok nau.
MONITORING (Lukluk na sekim wok klostu klostu)
Dispela em i samting bilong painim aut na sekim sopos olgeta wok i ron gut tasol o
nogat? Dispela em i kain olsem saiens nau na em i bikpela samting long helpim yu
wokim narapela nupela plening. Em bai soim yu wanem samting i bagarap o ino
kamap gut na kamapim as bilong dispela bagarap.
1.
Surveys – em i wanpela wei bilong painim aut sopos samting iwok aut gut o
nogat. Aninit long risos menesmen yu ken go insait na sekim hamas risoses istap long
bus. Kain olsem wokim distens sempling o usim bikpela lait long nait na painim abus o
kauntim hamas diwai istap long bus, hamas nupela diwai i kamap, sekim na kauntim
hamas istap.
2.
Research – yu ken wokim sampela saiens risets long painim aut hamas
samting istap o sekim na skelim sampela samting long bus. Yu mas lukluk gut na
spendim bikpela taim long bus o raun long wokim risets.
3.
Stories – wanpela isi rot em long toktok wantaim ol komuniti memba na askim
ol long sampela senis. Kain olsem wanem samting istap o ino stap moa long bus o
hamas samting ol lukim, kisim o planim long bus.
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konsevesin eria buk
Menesim Populeisin bilong Pipol
Bikpela Wari – bikpela populeisin tumas
Ol stadi i soim olsem 8,000 yia bipo long Krais i bin kamap, igat 5 milien pipol tasol
istap long wol. Dispela i wankain olsem populeisin bilong kantri PNG tude. Tasol tude
igat moa long 6 bilien pipol istap long wol. Sopos dispela namba i gro yet olsem nau
bai igat samting olsem 14 bilien pipol istap long wol long 30 yia bihain. Na dispela i min
olsem bai igat 14 milien pipol long PNG long dispela taim bihain. Lukluk long teibol
daunbilo (figure 5) long kisim gut piksa bilong dispela stori.
Figure 5 - Ol populesin bilong wol
Year
Human Population
8,000 BC
5 Million people
1610 AD
500 million
1810 AD
1000 million (1 billion)
1910 AD
2 billion
1995 AD
5.3 billion
2034 AD
14 billion Predicted
Wanem as bilong dispela? Plenti pipol i ting dispela bikpela namba bilong manmeri i
kamap bikos ol papamama i kamapim plenti pikinini tumas. Tasol risen tru em bikos
tude gutpela wok bilong saiens i kamapim ol marasin bilong banisim ol kain kain
strongpela sik we isave kilim idai plenti manmeri na pikinini bipo. Olgeta hap bilong wol
na PNG wantaim, igat gutpela skul bilong kaikai gut, klinim bedhaus na ples na
lukautim gut helt bilong bodi i helpim long banisim ol manmeri na pikinini long dai klostu
klostu.
Dispela populeisin istat gro long 1950’s ikam inap tude bikos wanpela man bilong
saiens i bin wokim dispela strongpela marasin ol kolim penicilin (taim yu go long haus
sik na ol givim yu amoxcillan, em i dispela marasin). Dispela marasin nau i banisim ol
kain kain sik na plenti pipol igat longpela laif. Narapela samting tu em ol waitman na
meri nau isave stap longpela taim olsem 80 – 90 yia samting bikos ol igat gutpela
kaikai, marasin na plenti gutpela samting olsem spot na eksesais.
Hevi bilong environmen
Igat plenti manmeri long wol nau olsem na bai igat tu kain kain hevi long environmen
olsem:
• plenti abus na diwai bai dai pinis olgeta, kamap extinct
• graun bai sot na ol manmeri bai pait long graun
• kaikai bai sot bikos nogat inap graun long wokim gaden
• wara bai sot o bagarap (water pollution) o pinis olgeta
• moa marasin nogut (chemicals) bai bagarapim wara na win na dispela bai
bagarapim na senisim klaimet
• hevi bilong moni sot na plenti pipol long wol bai nogat gutpela sidaun.
Dispela em ol sampela hevi we bai kamap long environmen bilong yupela namel long
narapela 30 - 50 yia bihain sopos yupela ino stat nau long sidaun gut na menesim ol
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konsevesin eria buk
risoses bilong yupela. Femili Plening em i namba wan rot bilong helpim stretim hevi
bilong environmen bilong yupela.
Skelim populeisin bilong Sumoro insait long Lumi District tude. Long tude populeisin
bilong Sumoro em 10,000. Insait long 18 Tenkile “moratorium villages” igat samting
olsem 5666 pipol (2006 Population Census). Sopos ol pipol ino bihainim femili plening
na populeisin i gro long wankain mak olsem nau (2.5% per yia), em i min olsem long yia
2030, bai igat 10,000 pipol stap insait long dispela 18 villages tasol. Dispela em olsem
namba bilong Sumoro olgeta long nau. Tingim; yu igat inap risoses long sapotim laif
bilong olgeta dispela man, meri na pikinini o nogat?
“We have forgotten how to be good guests, how to walk lightly on the earth as
other creatures do.”
Only One Earth Conference
Menesmen bilong dispela hevi
Igat isi rot bilong sekim gro bilong populeisin long komuniti o ples bilong yu. Usim
tupela empti tin na sampela ston. Wanpela tin yu makim nupela pikinini kamap na
narapela tin yu makim man idai. Taim wanpela nupela pikinini kamap yu putim
wanpela ston insait long tin bilong nupela pikinini. Na taim wanpela man, meri o
pikinini idai yu putim wanpela ston long tin bilong man idai. Orait taim nupela yia i
kamap yu ken skelim na luksave, populeisin i gro, stap wankain o igo daun. Taim yu
lukim populeisin i gro, yu bai luksave na nau yu ken stat long wokim sampela femili
plening toktok.
Femili plening em i nambawan wei long menesim populeisin insait long komunti.
Dispela ino nupela samting insait long Papua Niugini. Igat plenti bus marasin istap
long banisim pikinini tasol hausik tu igat kain kain marasin na wei bilong banisim
pikinini. Kain olsem kondom, marasin (pil), o kisim sut. Olgeta dispela rot o wei
bilong femili plening istap fri na yu ino inap baim. Taim yu karim wan, tu o tripela
pikinini pinis na yu laik stop, man wantaim meri iken toktok wantaim na man iken
kisim vasectomy. Vasectomy em wanpela wei bilong stopim rot bilong wara bilong
karim pikinini long kok bilong man long go bungim kiau bilong meri. Femili Plening
em namba wan rot long sevim abus, busgraun, risoses na laif bilong yu insait long
PNG. Sopos yu laik kisim moa tingting o skul long ol kain kain rot bilong femili
plening yu ken go long hausik na toktok wantaim HEO na ol sista na nes.
Menesmen Bilong Katim Diwai
Wari – Diwai i sot
Sampela ples itok ol isot nau long gutpela diwai bilong wokim haus. Dispela wari o hevi
i kamap nau bikos igat plenti man, meri na pikinini na olgeta i nidim moa diwai long
wokim haus o usim long paiawud. Diwai em i nambawan risos bilong PNG na wol.
Dispela em i wanpela sustainable risos bikos em isave gro na kam bek gen bihain long
yu katim. Plenti diwai isave kamap nating long bus tasol sampela kain diwai ino gutpela
tumas long wokim haus o usim long paiawud olsem marmar na ren tri. Plenti pipol long
ples istat long wari na tingting plenti nau long wanem ol gutpela diwai bilong wokim
haus i pinis na ol stat nau long usim malum malum diwai. Long dispela as na plenti
haus ol man wokim long ples ino save stap longpela taim tumas olsem bipo.
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Hevi bilong environmen
Long taim bilong wokim nupela gaden long bikbus bai yu katim plenti moa diwai go
daun. Dispela inap bagarapim tru graun. Ol as bilong diwai isave holim na banisim
graun long taim bilong bikpela guria,win, ren o wara i tait. Taim graun istap nating em
isi tru long bruk na luslus igo daun long wara na karim gutpela gris igo wantaim.
Narapela hevi em plenti abus, pisin na binatang bai lusim kaikai na ples hait bilong ol
taim olgeta diwai igo pinis na graun tu i lus.
Menesmen bilong dispela hevi
Long menesim dispela kain hevi igat ol rot istap long helpim olsem:
ƒ
taim yu katim diwai, bihainim wei bilong katim wantaim wokabaut somil. Katim
wan wan diwai long wan wan eria bilong bus. Noken katim olgeta diwai long
wanpela eria bilong bus tasol.
ƒ
Noken katim diwai klostu long wara. Larim olsem 20-60 mita samting long wara o
sapos yu ken lukim wara, no ken katim diwai.
ƒ
No ken katim diwai long maunten olsem 10º samting, dispela bai wokim landslide
behain (graun bai bruk).
ƒ
No ken katim diwai insait long ples masalai o spesol ples o insait long konsevesin
eria.
ƒ
Larim sampela bus i stap namel long wan wan gaden eria.
ƒ
Luk save long ol diwai yu sot long em na larim sampela i stap na traim planim moa
gen olsem wokim nerseri o planim ol pikinini na kru bilong em.
ƒ
Traim katim 10 diwai tasol insait long wanpela hectare long graun.
ƒ
Larim wanpela mamapapa diwai i stap long bus long karim pikinini diwai behain
taim. Ol kolim “sid tri”.
ƒ
Traim katim diwai so tupela diwai bai poldaun long wanpela hap tasol. No gut yu
brukim plenti arapela pikinini diwai wantaim. (Lukim piksa)
ƒ
Traim rausim ol rop tupela o tripela mun bipo yu katim diwai. Ol rop i
hangamapim antap long diwai bai pulim ol narapela diwai taim diwai I bruk na i
kam daun sapos yu no rausim ol rop pastaim. Dispela bai savim moa diwai gen.
ƒ
Larim ol pipia bilong diwai i stap long eria yu bin katim diwai log grisim graun
gen.
ƒ
Sapos yu usim chenso long katim diwai, yu noken larim ol pipia oil o petrol stap
long bus o kapsaisim klostu long wara.
ƒ
Sampela taim behain go bek long dispela eria na checkim ol pikinini diwai I kamap o
nogat. Sapos no gat yu mas traim planim sampela moa gen.
ƒ
planim 10 pela sidlings o liklik nupela diwai long senisim wanpela diwai yu katim
ƒ
plenim sid na lukluk igo long taim bihain. Wokim na redim sidlings bilong ol
gutpela diwai na planim long sampela hap eria bilong bus bilong yu. Kain ol diwai
yu mas planim olsem; kwila, rosewud, limbum, ton na sampela moa we yu igat save
long ol
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ƒ
senisim wei bilong wokim gaden olsem crop rotation bai yu ino inap katim nupela
bus olgeta taim yu laik wokim gaden
ƒ
larim olpela diwai sanap long givim ol abus na pisin kaikai na sampela ples bilong
hait. Tambu tru long katim lapun o olpela diwai.
Menesmen bilong wokim gaden
Wari bilong gaden
Igat plenti hevi bilong wok gaden tude. Sampela tok graun isot tasol ol wokim yet
bikpela gaden. Ol arapela itok kaikai long gaden ino gro gut nau olsem bipo. Sampela
igat hevi wantaim ol pik, pisin na binatang samting we isave bagarapim ol kaikai long
gaden bilong ol. Igat kain kain hevi bilong wok gaden tude na inogat wanpela isi rot
long stretim dispela hevi. Tasol gaden em i bikpela samting tru long sapotim laif bilong
olgeta pipol long ples insait long Papua Niugini. Igat tu sampela rot bilong helpim yu
long stretim sampela hevi bilong wok gaden we yu mas traim long usim.
Hevi bilong environmen
Nambawan problem long environmen em olsem bikpela bus i sot. Taim bikpela bus i
pinis ol abus na ol gutpela samting i stap insait i pinis wantaim. Long tok Inglis ol kolim
habitat loss. Dispela em i nambawan we ol wait man i save bagarapim ol environmen
long ples bilong ol na nau ol abus i dai pinis olgeta.
Menesmen bilong dispela hevi
Crop rotation long tok Inglis i min olsem usim wanpela hap eria tasol long graun
bilong yu long wokim gaden. Tasol yu mas senisim kaikai taim yu planim na
kamautim. Kain olsem sopos yu planim pinats o bins orait long taim yu kamautim
pinis yu ken planim narapela kain kaikai olsem taro o pamkin long dispela seim ples.
Dispela em namba wan wei bilong wokim gaden sopos yu nogat bikpela graun long bus
long wokim gaden. Sopos yu lukautim kain enimol olsem rebit o kakaruk yu ken kisim
pekpek na miksim wantaim graun bai givim gris long graun.
Menesmen Bilong Pis
Hevi bilong pis
Plenti pipol long Lumi itok pis i pinis olgeta
long ol wara nau. Bipo igat plenti pis istap
tasol nau nogat. Dispela nau em i wanpela
hevi insait long Lumi eria. Plenti pipol nau i
baim ol drai pis bilong bikpela Sepik wara.
Dispela ino gutpela tumas. Lumi igat plenti
kastom na kalsa i pas wantaim pis bilong
wara, kain olsem dispela bikpela singsing
Dewel Pis bilong bipo. Olsem wanem nau na
ol pipol bilong Wape eria isot nau long pis long
ol wara bilong ol.
Hevi bilong environmen
Pis em i wanpela gutpela abus long sapotim laif bilong narapela abus. Pis inap klinim
wara taim em i kaikai ol pipia bilong diwai insait long wara. Taim ol pis i pinis, dispela
ino inap helpim kamapim gutpela klinpela wara.
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konsevesin eria buk
Menesmen bilong dispela hevi
Namba wan we long menesim dispela hevi bilong pis isot long wara em tambu long
painim ol pis na larim ol wara istap fri long sampela taim na givim taim long ol pis
long kamap plenti gen. Sopos yu laik kaikai pis nau yu mas lukautim ol pis long pond o
fam. Dispela em wanpela gutpela rot tru bilong helpim ol pis i gro gen long ol wara
istap long bus bilong yu.
Narapela samting em yu mas lukautim gut ol wara na noken wok gaden o katim diwai
klostu long wara. Larim 20 mita bus na diwai istap long arere long sait sait bilong
olgeta wara. Dispela bai helpim ol wara stap klin na helti. Narapela samting tu, taim
yu rausim ol diwai klostu long wara dispela bai mekim wara i hot (Rise in water
temperature). Taim bilong bikpela san, em bai hatim wara na ol kiau bilong pis bai
dai, na bai nogat pikinini pis. Na tu pipia bilong ol diwai olsem taim han bilong diwai i
bruk na pudaun insait long wara, dispela pipia diwai i sapotim laif bilong ol pis na
givim ol ples bilong hait na planim kiau.
Noken tru long putim marasin nogut insait long wara o graun klostu long wara. Kain
marasin olsem; petrol, disel, kerosene, oil, sop na pauda, o marasin bilong wasim
taunam. Oltaim yu mas wokim londri long wanpela wara tasol. Noken go long olgeta
liklik wara nambaut. Taim long waswas wantaim sop, gutpela moa sopos yu kisim
wara na sanap antap long graun na waswas. Ol graun bai rausim ol marasin bilong
sop na ino inap bagarapim wara.
Taim yu redi long kisim pis gen long wara bilong yu orait bihainim ol dispela
menesmen (sustainable harvesting) na yu bai lukim plenti pis istap na gro long
bihain taim.
ƒ
Usim wei bilong tumbuna long kisim pis long wara. Kain olsem; usim spia na
bombom tasol.
ƒ
Taim yu laik usim wei bilong wait man olsem; huk, glas, tromoi net o marasin, yu
mas makim wanpela taim insait long wanpela yia tasol. Tambu tru long usim
dispela kain wei olgeta taim long laik bilong yu. Pis bai pinis olgeta. Wankain
olsem long usim ol posin rop na banisim wara.
ƒ
Tambu long kisim pis insait long konseveisin eria. Olgeta taim yu mas kisim pis
istap insait long ol wara istap autsait long konseveisin eria tasol.
ƒ
Yu ken kisim pis insait long ol praivet pis pond na hul wara bilong yu olgeta taim
long laik bilong yu tasol tambu tru long taim ol igat kiau.
ƒ
Noken rausim ol diwai o arapela pipia bilong diwai long wara. Ol dispela pipia
bilong diwai long wara bai givim ol pis ples bilong hait na karim kiau na pikinini.
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konsevesin eria buk
Menesmen bilong rokrok
Hevi bilong rokrok
Plenti pipol nau ino klia gut long hamas rokrok istap long bus na i hat long save gut long
populeisin bilong rokrok long Lumi eria. Sampela kain rokrok ol pipol itok plenti istap.
Sampela pipol itok ol rokrok i klostu pinis na sampela itok sampela kain rokrok idai pinis
olgeta o wan wan tasol istap. Dispela i soim stret olsem
namba bilong ol rokrok i wok long go daun olgeta na em i
bikpela wari tru. Imas igat plenti risets wok long painim
aut gut namba bilong rokrok long Lumi eria bai yumi ken
lukluk gut long menesim populeisin bilong rokrok.
Long wol olgeta igat nau bikpela hevi bilong namba
bilong ol rokrok igo daun. Plenti saientis i wok resis nau
long traim save gut moa long dispela hevi bilong ol
rokrok long wol. Ol i painim aut pinis olsem igat wanpela
sik (skin fungus) bilong rokrok insait long sampela hap
bilong graun we sampela rokrok isave stap insait long
wara nogut (polluted water) na dispela i kilim ol idai.
Sampela igat ol abus nogut (introduced predators) olsem
pusi na bikpela rokrok bilong suga kein fil (cane toads) isave kaikaim ol. Tasol plenti
ples olsem insait long renfores inogat wanpela gutpela risen long namba bilong rokrok
igo daun. Plenti wok manmeri bilong saiens ino klia gut yet. Sampela iting dispela
kamap bihainim senis i wok long kamap long klaimet.
Hevi bilong environmen
Long ol stadi bilong wanpela hap bilong saiens ol kolim environmental chemistry ol
isave tok olsem rokrok em i wanpela indicator species. Dispela i min olsem sopos igat
plenti rokrok istap long wara dispela bai helpim yu long save gut long kwaliti bilong
wara. Taim igat plenti rokrok long wara dispela i soim olsem wara kwaliti em i gutpela.
Rokrok igat spesol skin we em save kisim win kam insait long skin wantaim maus
bilong em. Nau sopos wara ino gutpela ol rokrok bai idai. Na tu rokrok isave sapotim
laif bilong plenti arapela abus olsem; snek, pis, palai, pisin na rat. Ol dispela arapela
abus save kaikaim rokrok long stap laif. Ol pikinini bilong rokrok (tadpoles) isave
helpim long klinim wara. Ol tadpoles i gutpela tru long rausim ol pipia nogut insait long
wara. Sopos ol rokrok idai pinis em bai bagarapim ol dispela sistem bilong environmen,
moa long kwaliti bilong wara.
Rokrok tu isave helpim long kaikaim ol binatang na kontrolim populeisin bilong
binatang. Insait long wanpela nait wanpela rokrok save kaikaim plenti binatang tru.
Dispela em i bikpela samting tru long sapotim food web. Sopos inogat plenti rokrok bai
igat plenti moa binatang istap. Taim igat plenti binatang, ol iken bagarapim tru kaikai
long gaden, ol kes krop olsem kakao na kopi, na ol sampela gutpela diwai long bus tu.
Menesmen bilong dispela hevi
Bipo long kamapim menesmen plen bilong rokrok, yu mas save wanem kain rokrok istap
na wanem kain ino moa istap o klostu i pinis. Yu ken wokim wanpela wok painim aut
olsem kolim nem bilong ol rokrok na harim long ol manmeri bilong ples long tokim yu
sopos dispela kain rokrok istap plenti, ino plenti istap, o ino moa istap. Gutpela yu
toktok wantaim ol lapun o bikpela manmeri long ples bikos ol bai tingting long taim ol
liklik o yangpela manmeri yet na bai ol luksave gut long dispela senis bilong namba.
Dispela em gutpela wei tru long painim aut na em bai givim yu gutpela piksa bilong
wanem samting i kamap long namba bilong ol rokrok long dispela taim nau.
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konsevesin eria buk
Taim yu painim aut namba bilong ol rokrok em nau yu mas stat long lukautim
environmen bilong rokrok kain olsem ol bus na raun wara samting. Noken katim ol bus
o diwai klostu long wara o waswas long wara wantaim ol sop na wokim londri samting.
Orait narapela em lukautim ol rokrok taim ol kalap na marit. Yu ken putim tu sampela
tambu long go bombom na painim ol rokrok kain olsem Elfambu we namba igo daun tru
nau.
Sindaun na laif bilong rokrok bai igo olsem:
Long stat bilong karim pikinini, wanpela rokrok man bai singaut na painim meri. Taim
meri ikam klostu tupela bai marit na rokrok man bai holim meri inap em karim kiau.
Dispela isave kisim samting olsem wanpela de olgeta na long dispela taim yu noken
distebim o kilim tupela. Taim meri pinis wantaim man ol kiau bai go insait long wara
sopos tupela marit long wara. Sopos tupela marit antap long diwai bai tupela putim
kiau long lip bilong diwai. Long taim bilong marit larim tupela i marit na kamapim
moa populeisin pastaim na bihain orait yu ken painim na kilim taim namba bilong
rokrok igo antap. Long Ostrelia igat wanpela kain rokrok igat bilum na plenti saientis
igat bikpela laik long save moa long laif na sindaun bilong dispela rokrok.
Taim kiau bilong rokrok i redi, ol liklik pikinini (tadpole) bai kamaut long kiau. Olgeta
tadpole imas stap insait long wara o dringim wara long lip sopos ol istap antap long lip
bilong diwai. Taim ol tadpoles i gro ol bai groim tupela leg long baksait na bihain
tupela han long fran na teil bai kamaut. Taim ol lusim teil em nau rokrok tru i kamap
nau. Ol rokrok bai lusim wara na kamaut. Ol rokrok bai ino moa dringim wara tasol
bai redi long kaikaim ol binatang samting.
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konsevesin eria buk
Cane Toad (rokrok bilong suga
kein fil) em wanpela rokrok nogut
bin kam insait long PNG na em i
bikpela tru na skin bilong em igat
posin na i strongpela moa long ol
arapela rokrok. Dispela rokrok isave
kaikaim ol tadpoles na em i wanpela
bikpela hevi bilong namba bilong
rokrok igo daun. Yumi mas traim long pinisim dispela cane toad olgeta. Em ino
gutpela rokrok na imas pinis olgeta.
Menesmen bilong binatang
Hevi bilong binatang
Long PNG binatang ino save kamapim bikpela hevi o
inogat bikpela hevi bilong binatang. Tasol sampela kain
binatang igat spesol sindaun bilong em we sopos pipol
ino tingting long em, namba bilong em bai stat long go
daun. Namba wan binatang we iken bagarap kwik em ol
bataflai. Bataflai save nidim spesol diwai bilong ol long
stap na karim nupela pikinini na sopos dispela kain diwai
ino stap, dispela binatang tu bai ino inap istap.
Hevi bilong environmen
Plenti binatang igat gutpela wokbung (symbiotic
relationship) wantaim ol bus na diwai (plants) na sopos
wanpela kain binatang olsem hani bee i pinis (extinct),
sampela kain flawa olsem okid tu bai pinis. Dispela em
long wanem ol hani bee isave wokim wok bilong man na
meri flawa long marit (pollination). Narapela samting tu
em ol binatang i keystone species. Em i min olsem ol binatang isave sapotim laif bilong
ol narapela abus na diwai. Sopos binatang i pinis yu bai lukim plenti arapela diwai o
abus tu bai pinis.
Menesmen bilong dispela hevi
Namba wan wei long lukautim ol binatang em long wokim dispela konseveisin eria. Ol
binatang ino inap nidim bikpela hap graun olsem ol kapul o pisin. Ol nidim liklik eria
tasol. Olsem na sopos yu larim sampela hap graun istap olsem konseveisin eria o ples
tambu, dispela inap sevim ol kain kain diwai, rop, okid o flawa nambaut we ol binatang
iken stap wantaim.
Wanpela bikpela bagarap bai kamap long ol binatang em taim bilong usim ol marasin
nogut bilong waitman (insecticide & pesticide). Plenti pipol isave usim ol dispela
kain marasin long ol gaden na plentesin bilong ol long kilim idai ol binatang. Tasol
insait long PNG dispela samting ino bikpela hevi tumas. Igat wanpela gutpela wei long
rausim ol binatang nogut long gaden bilong yu em long planim sampela kaikai o plants
olsem lombo o brus namel long ol kaikai. Lombo na brus isave pait tumas long maus
bilong ol binatang na ol bai hariap tru long lusim gaden bilong yu. Long dispela wei
yu ino inap kamapim bagarap long environmen bilong yu.
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konsevesin eria buk
Menesmen bilong pisin
Hevi bilong pisin
Plenti kain kain pisin istap yet long Papua Niugini.
Samting olsem 85 pesen bilong ol pisin long wol istap
long PNG tasol na inogat long narapela kantri. Long
dispela risen yu mas amamas long dispela na lukautim
ol gut. Sopos sampela kain pisin idai pinis olgeta long
PNG, em i min olsem inogat tu long arapela hap bilong
wol long senisim.
Long ples Wilbeite long hap bilong Fatima ol pipol itok
olsem Guria pisin i klostu pinis olgeta. Sampela ples tu
itok ol ino lukim moa ol wel faul na bilakpela koki.
Dispela i kamap bikos man isave kilim na kaikai. Taim
ol usim masket ol isave pinisim olgeta Guria pisin.
Taim bilong kisim kiau bilong wel faul, ol ino save larim
sampela istap long kamapim nupela pikinini gen.
Dispela nau i daunim namba bilong wel faul.
Hevi bilong environmen
Plenti kain kain pisin igat wok bilong ol long environmen. Wankain olsem ol binatang, ol
pisin tu save helpim ol diwai na flawa long marit (pollination). Sampela ol pisin tu isave
helpim long kamapim nupela diwai frut olsem ton na kapiak taim ol kaikaim na kisim sid
igo tromoi long sampela nupela hap graun. Insait long renfores inogat bikpela win
olsem na ol abus na pisin imas karim ol sids igo raun na tromoi nambaut. Taim yu kilim
pisin yu bagarapim dispela gutpela sistem bilong gutpela wok helpim bilong ol.
Pisin em i kaikai bilong arapela abus tu olsem; snek, palai na bikpela pisin tarangau.
Na plenti pisin isave kaikaim ol binatang tu. Em olsem ol pisin igat bikpela wok insait
long food web. Yu ken lukim olsem taim yu rausim sampela samting klia long bus yu
bagarapim tru dispela food web.
Menesmen bilong dispela hevi
Namba wan wei long lukautim ol pisin em long wokim kakaruk projek so yu nogat nid
long kilim ol pisin long bus na kaikai mit. Yu mas luksave long trupela nid long kilim
pisin long bus. Yu laikim mit, skin gras bilong em, o yu laik banisim laif na lukautim.
Bihain long dispela yu ken lukluk moa long menesmen bilong em. Igat plenti wei long
menesim ol pisin.
Namba wan yu mas lukluk long wanem kain pisin isot. Wokim wanpela wok painim
aut kain olsem bilong rokrok na luksave long wanem kain pisin isot na putim tambu
long kilim ol dispela kain pisin, kisim kiau o pikinini bilong em. Na noken distebim
graun o haus bilong em. Bihain long dispela yu ken wokim sustainable harvesting
menesmen long ol arapela kain pisin we namba bilong ol i orait. Kain olsem dispela lo
bilong lukautim ol wel faul.
ƒ
Taim bilong kisim kiau bilong pisin yu mas larim sampela istap na noken distebim
haus bilong kiau.
ƒ
Noken wokim gaden klostu long graun bilong wel faul. Gaden imas stap 20 mita
longwe long graun bilong wel faul.
ƒ
Tambu long katim diwai klostu long graun bilong welfaul. Katim diwai olsem 50
mita longwe.
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konsevesin eria buk
ƒ
Tambu long kilim mama na papa wel faul.
ƒ
Taim yu kisim pikinini muruk yu mas lukautim long ples na larim sampela pikinini
istap long bus.
ƒ
Tambu long kisim kiau bilong muruk sapos namba bilong muruk isot.
ƒ
Taim yu laik kilim muruk imas long sampela spesol taim tasol. Noken kilim muruk
long olgeta taim.
ƒ
Tambu tru long kilim ol kain pisin olsem; Guria, Kumul, Muruk na wel faul o
narapela kain pisin yu wari long em.
ƒ
Tambu tru long wokim haus bilong kilim pisin.
Toksave: Nesinel Gavman igat lo bilong banisim ol man long kilim kumul. TAMBU
TRU.
Menesmen bilong abus
Hevi bilong abus
Insait long dispela hap rait, abus
bai karamapim olgeta samting
igat gras na susu oslem; ol
kapul, bilak bokis, sikau, mumut,
rat, na Tri kengeru . Bikpela
hevi tru bilong Lumi na Wape
eria olgeta em abus isot.
Dispela hevi i kamap bikos
plenti manmeri i kamap na
olgeta laikim long kaikai olsem
na ol kilim ol na namba bilong
abus igo daun.
Sampela
kastom na kalsa i senis tu na
dispela i helpim yu long kilim
moa abus na pinisim.
Bikpela wari long dispela em
olsem plenti kain kain abus
insait long Papua Niugini i
spesol. Em i samting bilong
PNG stret na inogat long arapela kantri. Olsem na sopos yu pinisim olgeta hia long
PNG long wol tu bai pinis. Na tu plenti abus ino save karim plenti pikinini, wanpela o
tupela tasol insait long wanpela yia we ino inap givim kaikai long maus bilong bikpela
namba bilong man, meri na pikinini insait long ples.
Hevi bilong environmen
Taim ol dispela abus i pinis bikpela bagarap bai kamap long food web. Plenti liklik
kapul na mumut igat wok bilong ol long helpim ol plants marit (pollination). Plenti
arapela abus long PNG ol saientis ino save gut yet long wok bilong ol. Em i tru
sampela kain abus iken dai pinis na ino inap bagarapim o kamapim wanpela hevi long
environmen. Tasol ino gutpela pasin bilong yumi ol manmeri long kilim na bagarapim
olgeta kain abus. Ol tu igat rait long stap laif.
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konsevesin eria buk
Menesmen bilong dispela hevi
Namba wan wei long lukautim ol abus long bus em long wokim rebit projek o arapela
abus long ples so yu nogat nid long kilim wel abus. Tasol namba wan samting em yu
mas luksave long wanem nid yu gat long ol abus. Yu laikim long kaikai tasol o yu
laikim gras bilong em o yu laikim long salim o yu laik raun long bus na kilim nating
tasol. Bihain long dispela yu ken lukluk moa long menesmen bilong em. Igat plenti wei
long menesim ol abus.
Namba wan yu mas lukluk long wanem kain abus isot. Wokim wanpela wok painim
aut kain olsem dispela bilong rokrok na pisin. Luksave long wanem abus isot nau orait
yu ken putim tambu long kilim ol dispela kain abus. Bihain long dispela yu ken wokim
sustainable harvesting menesmen long ol arapela kain abus we namba bilong ol i orait
wantaim ol dispela tingting:
ƒ
taim yu laik was yu mas bihainim tumbuna wei olsem; usim banara na spia, o
bombom. Tambu tru long usim string trap o samting bilong waitman olsem
masket long kilim abus
ƒ
yu mas was long abus autsait long konseveisin eria tasol na ino insait long
konseveisin eria o arapela tambu ples olsem ples masalai
ƒ
larim spesol abus olsem; Tenkile, Youngi, Weimang (Oumak) istap na noken kilim
ol
ƒ
makim taim we ol man iken go raun long bus na painim abus. Kain olsem wanpela
taim insait long wanpela yia o long spesol taim tasol
ƒ
tambu tru long kilim mama wantaim pikinini sopos yu lukim pikinini istap long
baksait o insait long bilum bilong mama
ƒ
lukautim ol haus o diwai bilong abus. Kain olsem noken katim olpela o lapun diwai
ƒ
sopos dok i kilim sampela wel abus o abus bilong ples olsem kakaruk, pato, rebit,o
pik samting, yu mas kilim dispela dok na papa bilong dispela dok mas baim dispela
abus dok i kilim
ƒ
tambu tru long was insait long graun bilong narapela klen o ples. Yu mas
rispektim ol pilo mak (boundaries) bilong wan wan klen o ples
ƒ
sopos yu lukautim pusi, noken larim em raun long bus long nait. Na noken larim
pusi i kamap wel long bus. Sopos yu bungim wanpela wel pusi long bus yu mas
kilim em
ƒ
kilim ol abus nogut olsem rat bilong haus, pik, dok o pusi, nogat tambu long
dispela.
Tingim! Environmen bilong yu em i olsem wanpela bikpela stoa na ol natural risoses
insait em olsem ol kaikai insait long stoa. Olgeta manmeri na konseveisin eria komiti i
olsem stoa kipa na yu bai was na menesim gut olgeta samting insait long stoa. Yu mas
kauntim hamas samting istap na lukim wanem samting isot long em na kisim nupela
long senisim. Wok bilong konseveisin em i wankain. Yu mas plenim na menesim
olgeta samting yu nidim so yu ino inap sot long wanpela samting bihain o bagarapim
natural risoses ‘bisnis’ bilong yu.
Em laik bilong yu nau.
“Bad things happen when good people do nothing.”
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konsevesin eria buk
REFERENCES AND CONTACTS
BOOKS
“Birds of New Guinea and the Bismark Archipelago” (2001) Brian Coates and William
Peckover.
“Birds of New Guinea” (1986) Bruce Beehler, Thane Pratt, Dale Zimerman.
“How Nature Works Teachers Manual” (1995) - HELP Habitat Ecology and Learning
Program. Wildlife Conservation Society.
“Mammals of New Guinea” (1995) - Tim Flannery
“Rain Forests Teachers Manual” (1995) – HELP Habitat Ecology and Learning
Program. Wildlife Conservation Society.
“Small-scale Sawmilling Information Pack 2nd Edition” (2002) – The Papua New Guinea
Eco-forestry Forum
“Training and Reference Manual Books 1-8” - Village Development Trust
“Tree Kangaroos – a curious natural history”. (1996) Tim Flannery, Roger Martin,
Alexandra Szalay.
“Zoos Victoria Discovery and Learning Resources Volume 2 CD-Rom”. Zoos Victoria.
WEBSITES
www.cbtf.org.pg
www.masalai-i-tokaut.com
www.ecoforestry.org.pg
www.zoo.org.au
www.iucnredlist.com
CONSERVATION GROUPS IN PNG
Alotau Environment
PO Box 522
Alotau
Awareness Community Theater (ACT)
PO Box 4774
Boroko, NCD
An FSP program that supports theater groups throughout PNG involved in Presentting
health and development issues through popular theater.
Bismark Ramu Group
PO Box 305
Madang
Catholic Commission for Justice, Peace and Development (CCJPD)
PO Box 6576
Boroko, NCD
Offering courses in integral human development, providing support for rural incomegenerating projects, addressing disaster relief issues.
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Center for Environmental Law and Community Rights
PO Box 4373
Boroko
Christians for Environmental Stewardship
PO Box 901
Madang
Conservation Forum
PO Box 720
Goroka
Conservation International
http://www.conservation.org/xp/CIWEB/
Conservation Melanesia
PO Box 3217
Boroko, NCD
PNG
Ph: (675) 323 – 9050
Fax: (675) 323 – 4610
Email: [email protected]
www.ecoforestry.org.pg
East Sepik Council of Women (ESCOW)
PO Box 75
Wewak, ESP
Women’s issues, awareness building and promoting alternatives to large scale logging
East Sepik Local Environment Foundation
PO Box 1225, Wewak
Environmental Law Centre
PO Box 49
University, NCD
Ph: (675) 323 - 4480
Fax: (675) 323 - 4483
Forestry conservation news
www.masalai-i-tokaut.com
Foundation for the peoples of the South Pacific (FSP)
PO Box 1119
Boroko, NCD
Offers funding and support to NGO’s working for rural development and environmental
protection.
Friends of the Earth (FOE PNG)
PO Box 4082
Boroko, NCD
Membership organization committed to raising awareness of environmental issues.
Publishes a newsletter.
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Grassroots opportunities for work (GROW)
Po Box 297
Madang
Training programs and projects in sustainable agriculture, land use planning and rural
business development
Habitat for humanity
PO Box 3998
Lae, Morobe Province
Assisting rural communities to build durable housing, protecting forests and doing God’s
work
Ideas Center
PO Box 59
Daru, Western Province
Creating awareness among people about development projects and preparing them to
make sound judgments about the benefits and drawbacks of development.
Indigenous environment watch
PO Box 7149
Boroko, NCD
A group which uses popular theater to raise environmental issues.
Individual and community rights Advocacy Forum (ICRAF)
PO Box 49
University, NCD
Offers legal advice an assistance to individuals, landowner groups and communities,
regarding negotiations, contracts and human rights.
Melanesian Environment Foundation (MEF)
PO Box 4830
Boroko, NCD
Distributes information on environmental issues, land rights, and monitors government
and industry.
Melanesian Solidarity (Mel Sol)
PO Box 71
University, NCD
A group interested in building alliances with others working on sustainable
development. They focus their work at the community level.
New Guinea Binatang Research Center
PO Box 604
Madang
Ph: (675) 852 – 1587
Fax: (675) 852 – 1587
Email: [email protected]
PNG Eco-forestry Forum
PO Box 3217
Boroko, NCD
PNG Forest Research Institute
PO Box 314
Lae, Morobe
Ph: (675) 472 – 5805
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Fax: (675) 472 – 4357
Email: [email protected]
Researching the complex forests of PNG, maintaining a comprehensive library on
tropical forestry.
Research and Conservation Foundation RCF
PO Box 1261
Goroka, EHP
PNG
Ph: (675) 732 – 3211
Fax: (675) 732 – 1123
Email: [email protected]
Valantu women’s Association (Sandaun)
Free Mail Bag
Vanimo, SP
Wau Ecology Institute
PO Box 77
Wau
Conducts research, produces and distributes information on environmental issues,
holds workshops to raise awareness among landowners and communities.
Wildlife Conservation Society (WCS)
PO Box 277
Goroka
Ph: (675) 732 – 3836
Fax: (675) 732 – 3837
Email: [email protected]
World Wildlife Fund for Nature (WWF)
Private Mail Bag
Madang
Email: [email protected]
WWF – Kikori Integrated Conservation and Development Program
Po Box 8280
Boroko
Email: [email protected]
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